Digital Electronics

http://ptuece.loremate.com/die/node/8 March 7, 2012

Q 34 Represent the decimal number 8620 in BCD and as a binary number. Ans. (8620)10 = (?)BCD = (?)2 (1000 01.10 0010 0000)BCD Q 35. List the advantages of octal over hexadecimal number system. Ans. When dealing with large quantity of binary numbers of many bits, it is easy and more efficient for us to write the numbers in octal form. This system is used to express large numbers as used in computers e.g. 16 bits or 32 bits used to express data, memory address, instruction code, processor status etc. Moreover, octal multiplication and division are more easy than the hexadecimal number system. As they are complex because they make use of alphabets A to F after 0 to 9. Q 36. Convert decimal 225.225 to binary, octal and hexadecimal bases. Ans. 225.225 Q 37. Find twos complement of the numbers (i) 01001110 ; (ii) 01100100. Ans (i) 01001110 (ii) 01100100. Q 38. What is the need to study octal and hexadecimal system, when the Digital machine understands only binary code Ans. The binary code consists of only two binary digits 0 and 1 known as bits. All the combinations of codes are with the help of 0s and 1. It is very hard to remember the code in the form of 0s and 1s when it becomes lengthly. Secondly, chances of error are much more long sequences of binary code. Moreover, three bit and four bit combinations are possible octal and hexadecimal systems. Q 39. Where do we use ASCII, Excess-3 and Gray codes? Ans. ASCII : American Standard Code for Information Interchange is a 7 bit code. In language, only two symbols 0 and 1 are used. It is not enough to communicate using these two symbols between two computers.

Users require 26 alphabets capital and small. Numbers 0 to 9, punctuation marks and many other symbols. This all is available in ASCII code. Gray Code : Gray code is mainly used in shaft position encoders. A shaft encoder basically produces a code word which represents the angular position of the shaft. Excess-3 code : It is non-weighted code. It is derived from 8421 BCD code. It is a sequential and self complimenting code. Q. 40. Convert decimal 27. 125 to octal. Ans. Q 41. Determine the decimal representation of a negative integer whose 8-bit twos complement code is 10010110. Ans. Taking original no. = 10010110 Q 42. Give the binary code for the hexadecimal number AEO. Ans. So (1010 1110 0000)2 Q 43. Convert decimal 100. 625 to binary, octal and hexadecimal codes. Ans. In binary:

(1100100.101)2 In Octal: (144.5)8 In Hexadecimal: (64.A)16 Q. 44. How negative numbers are accounted for in digital system? Ans. In digital system sometimes signed numbers are used. To denote positive numbers (+) plus sign is used and 0 is used as MSB bit in binary numbers. In case of negative numbers (-) minus sign is used to denote it. In binary system, bit us used as MSB bit in negative numbers. e.g. (+7)2 = (0111)2 (-7)2 = (1111)2

Q 45. Give the binary code for the hexadecimal number F01. Ans. (F01)16 = (?)2

Q 46. Determine the decimal representation of a negative integer whose 8bit twos complement code 10010110. Ans. 8-bit 2s complement code is: 10010110 Its 2s complement is:

Q 47. Subtract the following numbers (i) (1100.10)2 (111.01)2 (ii) (10001.01)2 (1111.11)2 Ans. (i) Add 1100.10 and is complement of 111.01

There is no carry, so answer is ye and in complement form, Again taking complement. (0010.11)2 Ans. (ii) Add 10001.01 and 1s complement of 1111.11 Q 48. Add the following numbers in Excess - 3 Code. (i) 108 + 789 (ii) 275 + 496 Ans. Add in excess-3 code (i) 108 + 789 (ii) 275 + 496 (i) Firstly converting (108)10 and (789) 10 to excees-3 form Adding

If no carry i.e. c = 0, subtract 0011 If carry i.e. c = 1, add 0011

(ii) (275) 10 + (496) 10 Firstly, converting into Excess-3 form Addition of (275) 10 + (496) 10

If no carry i.e. c = 0, subtract 0011 If carry i.e. c = 1, add 0011 to sum

= (1010 1010 0100) or (771)10 Q 49. Subtract the following numbers (i) (BC5)16 (A2B)16 = ? (ii) (1 75.6)8 (47.7)8 = ? Ans. (i) Firstly, convert it into binary form (4 digits)

(ii) Firstly, convert it into binary (3 digits)

Q 50. Add the following numbers in BCD (i) 89.6 + 273.7 (ii) 205.7 + 193.65 Ans, (i) 89.6 + 273.7

Add (0110)2 to only the invalid BCD numbers.

(ii) 205.7 + 193.65

Add (0110)2 to only the invalid BCD numbers. Q 51. How will you detect overflow in signed magnitude and 2s complement integer additions? Ans. Let (10)10 and (11)10 be the two integers.

In signed magnitude (10) 10 = (1010)2 (11) 10 = (1011)2 Addition :

The end around carry is the overflow in this case. In 2s complement: The end around carry is the overflow in this case. Q 52. What are the applications of hexadecimal system? Perform the following conversions (a) (225225)10 into hexadecimal number. (b) (10011.1101)2 into hexadecimal number. Ans. Applications of hexadecimal, system : 1. It is particularly useful for human communications with a computer. 2. It is used in memory systems. 3. It is useful to convert hexadecimal to binary and vice-versa a easily. (a) (225.225)10 = (?)16 Integer Part: Fractional part: Q 53. What is the importance and applications of Gray code? Convert the binary number 10100111 to Gray code. Ans. Importance of gray code is that it has a very special feature as only one bit will change each time when the decimal number is incremented by 1. Due to this reason it is also known as unit distance code. Applications of Gray Code 1. These are used in the shaft position encoders. 2. These are used in the optical discs to produce an appropriate binary code.

Q 54. Represent the decimal numbers (a) 27, (b) 396 and (c) 4096 in binary form in (i) ASCII code, (ii) Gray code and (iii) Excess 3 code. Ans. (11011)2 (27)10 = (11011)2 (27)10 = 00100111 in BCD (i) ASCII Code 0110010 0110111 (ii) Gray Code (11011)2 = (iii) Excess 3 Code (27)10

Binary = (101111000)2 (396)10 = 0011 1001 0110 BCD (i) ASCII Code 0110011 0111001 0110110 ASCII code (ii) Gray Code

(iii) Excess 3 Code (c) (4096) =

(4096)10 = (1000000000000)2 (i) ASCII code (4096)o 0100 0000 1001 0110 BCD 0110100 0110000 0111001 0110110 ASCII code (ii) Gray Code

(iii) Excess 3 Code

Q 55. If A = 1101 and B = 101 find: Ans A = 1101, B = 0101 Q 56. Find the difference (6C1-1DA) in the hexadecimal system. Check your result converting all number, i.e. the given two numbers and the result obtained from subtraction to the decimal system. Ans. (6C1)16.(1DA)16 Firstly convert it into binary form (4 bits. each) (6C1)16.(1DA)16 = (4E7)16 Conversion to decimal system : Hence, verified.