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THE

ILIAD OF

HOMER

BOOKS I VI

WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND NOTES

BY

ROBERT

P.

KEEP

Boston JOHN ALLYN, PUBLISHER

1883

Copyright, 18S3,

By John Allyn.

University Press:

John Wilson and Son, Cambridge.

PREFACE.
The
1877).

germ, but only the germ, of the present volume,

Iliad,

is

Arthur Sidgwick's
In

Books

I.

and

II.

(Rivingtons

London,

1879, at the request of Mr. John Allyn, and by

editor enlarged
III., text

arrangement with Mr. Sidgwick, the present

Mr. Sidgwick's

little

book by the addition of Book

the advantage of scholars in

and

notes,

and made such changes

in the notes of the English

editor as
schools.

seemed

for

American

The book which

first,

thus resulted was

received with

favor from the

and has met with an increasing demand. and

still

Several prominent teachers, in secondary schools

leges,

in col-

have expressed the wish that

first

it

might be

further

enlarged so as to include the

the editor has not
felt

six

books of the

Iliad,

and

at liberty to disregard a request

his

which

was

in

accordance with

own

views of what

is

desirable.

school edition of

Homer

should contain, in addition to the

for

bare amount sufficient to satisfy the ordinary requisition

admission to college, abundant matter for practice

reading and in reading at
of teachers to be able
classes,
sight. It is also for the

in

rapid

advantage
their

to vary

somewhat the work of

editor has
for

from year to year.

entire

The

deemed

it

best

to

assume the

responsibility

the

present volume,
the

and he
Books
I.

has accordingly wholly rewritten

Notes upon

and

II.

few words seem called for

in reference to the

somewhat

varied introductory matter which precedes the text.

IV

PREFACE.
The
object of the Introduction
is

to

open the way

to the

study of

Homer, by

giving the

student

some idea of Epic

the origin, history,
in
particular.

Poetry, in general, and

information

upon

and transmission of the Homeric poems,

sufficient

account of Homeric

criticism

is

also given to ena-

ble the reader to enter intelligently into the discussion

is

which

wont
is

to arise

among educated men when

the

name Hoof

mer
the

mentioned.
inserted on account
his

The Essay on Scanning has been

difficulty

which the writer has observed that

learning to

pupils

have always found in

scan

well.

own The

dactylic

hexameter

is

not usually treated in our

itself,

Greek gram-

mars
left

as to

a distinct subject by

but boys are ordinarily

depend

entirely

upon the

metrical

knowledge which

they have acquired in connection with their study of Vergil.

The Homeric hexameter can never be

this

well

understood by
experito

process,

and

it

is

believed
to

that

no teacher of
attempt here
itself,

ence

will refuse

his

attention

the

made

present the

subject of scanning

by

in

a simple, un-

technical way.

The Sketch of

the Peculiarities of the

Homeric
of

Dialect was
Autenrieth's

originally prepared for the

American edition
is

Homeric Dictionary, and

condensed from the
matik.
this

it

inserted here

by the kind pertranslated

mission of Messrs. Harper

first

&

Brothers.

It is

and

Appendix of Koch's Griechische Gramseriously considered

The
of

project was
it

of expanding

sketch so that

should include a summary of the pecuparticularly of the

liarities

Homeric Syntax, and

in

uses of

the

Moods

Homer, but was

at length

abandoned on account
explained

of the belief that these peculiarities are best

easiest

and

understood as they are met with in their connection.

especially the case with the

This
ticity

is

Moods, which show an

elas-

of usage quite different from that of the Attic dialect,

easily exhibited in

and not

a brief outline.

PREFACE.
pupil of
duction,

In the judgment of the editor, the thorough acquisition by the

all

the introductory matter just referred to

Dialect

Intro-

Essay on Scanning, Sketch of

latter sections)

(excepting

perhaps the

should
full

be insisted upon.
this
it.

The
and

Table of Contents furnishes a

may suggest questions for The text is substantially that

at,

summary of examination upon

of

matter,

La Roche,
o,

1877.

The

only
17,

important variations are that the forms of the

are printed as in prose, (instead of
'

article 6,

01,

77,

01, at,)

and
1

that the

dat. sing, tw,

toi)
.

therefore,'

is

printed with a subscript

(instead of

fuller

punctuation than that of

will

La Roche, and a more

be noticed, especially
is

frequent use of the diaeresis,

'in

also

Books

I.

and

II.,

where Sidgwick's edition

followed.

The
not so

notes have been

made

quite

full,

but they are designed

much

to aid in translation as to supply that collateral

is

information which

so

much needed
his

in the study of

Homer.

constant attempt will be noticed, by very frequent cross-

references, to

make Homer

own

interpreter.

The sources

from which the editor has chiefly drawn in the preparation of

the notes will be seen by reference to the List on p. 157.
It is

emphatically true of this edition that

it is

an outgrowth

of the editor's experience

of the needs of the class-room.

What would be
ing of

the direction of his aim and effort in the teach-

Homer

will sufficiently

appear as the notes are read, but

a suggestion or two
style

may

not be out of place.

is

Respecting the
contained in two

of translation, the rule he would follow

:

words

" Be Homeric."

Imitate in general, with scrupulous

care, the order of

words and the constructions of the original

as far as our language permits.

it is

The

cases are few in which

literal

impossible to translate a passage with

fidelity

and,

at the

same

time, into idiomatic English.

is

The

ideal

method

in teaching

one which combines variety with thoroughness,

different matters at

and emphasizes
pupil's progress.

successive stages in the

At the

outset,

while

the

lessons are very

VI

PREFACE.
fifteen

short (the editor usually devotes

lessons

to the

first

150

lines

of the Iliad),

it is

of course indispensable to go over,

with minutest care, translation, scanning, comparison of every

Homeric form with the corresponding form

lect

in the Attic dia-

and

all

those

points

respecting

inflection

and syntax

which naturally suggest themselves.

But when the pupil has

acquired some familiarity with the dialect and begins to translate

twenty

lines at

each lesson,

it
;

will

no longer be possible
scholar's interest

to proceed with such minuteness

in

and the
without

Homer

will

be heightened

if,

tolerating
is

super-

ficial

preparation in any particular, the teacher

into

able to bring

some one point

prominence

at

each lesson.

On

one day,

for example, etymologies

and the composition of words may

come

to the foreground

on another, the use of moods, run;

ning back perhaps through a hundred lines

rical peculiarities
illustrate
;

on a

third,

met-

on a

fourth,

words may be examined which

;

Grimm's law of the interchange of mutes

on a

fifth,

a metrical (hexameter) version of a part of the advance lesson

may be

required

on a

sixth,

an essay may be assigned on

lesson.
It is

some point of custom or morals suggested by the

indeed surprising how
lore, religion

much grammar,

philology, literature, folk-

may be
They

taught in natural connection with the

Ho-

meric poems.
Trora/xoi

are like the great ocean, e ov-mp 7ravTcs

<P
1

/ecu 7racra

Odkafraa,

96.

Without further words the editor commits to teachers and

to students this book,

which has occupied

much
from

of his time
all

and thoughts
use
it,

for several years.

He

asks,

who may

correction of any errors that

may be

discovered, and

questions

or

suggestions
further

respecting

any points which may

seem

to

need

comment.

ROBERT
Easthampton, Mass.,
July
13, 1883.

P.

KEEP.

CONTENTS.
Pagk

Frontispiece.

Facsimile of a page of Codex Venetus.

-

Text and

Scholia.

Titlepage Preface Table of Contents Introduction

:

ii

vi:

I.

Epic Poetry.

II.

Ancient traditions concerning Homer.

of the

III. Birthplace

and early history

V.

IV. Rhapsodes.

Place of the Homeric

Greek Culture.
at Alexandria.
lia.

Civic Editions. Three great Alexandrian

Homeric Poems. Poems in VI. Homeric studies

critics.

Schoix

VII. Codex Venetus A.

its

VIII. F. A. Wolf's Theory

and

influence.

IX. Present aspect of the Homeric

Question.

X. Outline of Plot of the Iliad

On Scanning Homeric Verse:

i.

Structure of the

Arsis and Thesis.

izesis

Homeric Hexameter.
3. 5.

2.

Metrical accent.
4.

Diaeresis and Caesura.

Syn-

and Hiatus.
6.

Rules of Quantity and Hints for

7.

Scanning.

Prerequisites to good Scanning.

Speci-

mens of English Hexameters. 8. Translation into English Hexameters Chief Peculiarities of the Homeric Dialect 1-8. Phonology: i. Vowel changes. 2. Concurrent vow:

xxiii

els,
6.

how

treated.

3.

Hiatus.

4.

Elision.

5.

Apocope.

Anastrophe.

7.
:

Consonant changes.
9.

8.

Digamma.

9-14.

Declension
10. First

Suffixes

having force of case11.

endings.
12.
14.

Second Declension. Third Declension. 13. Declension of Adjectives. Declension of Pronouns. 15-25. Conjugation:
Declension.

16. Endings. 17. 15. Augment and Reduplication. Mood-vowels of subjunctive. 18. Contract-verbs. 19. Formation of Present-stem. 20. Formation of Future

Vlll

CONTENTS.
Page

and First Aorist active and middle. 21. Formation of Second Aorist without thematic vowel. 22. Formation 23. Passive Aorists. of Perfect and Pluperfect. 24. Verbs in -fii. 25. Iterative Forms

xxxi
1

Text
List of Books of Reference on

Homer and the

=

Iliad

157
158

List of Abbreviations

Notes Appendix A.

159

Contents of

Iliad,

I.-VL, distributed with reference 303

.

to rapid reading

Appendix B. Explanation of Facsimile Grammatical References to Goodwin and Hadley Indexes

305 308

316

INTRODUCTION.
EPIC POETRY.

I.

The
Greek
Epic

Iliad

literature,

and the Odyssey are the earliest extant works of and they are also the best examples of what

are called Epic Poems.

literature

They

are the survivors of an

immense

which was produced by Greeks in the period

prior to
teristic

700

b. c.

Three things may be mentioned as charac:

of Epic poetry

a grand, stirring theme

(usually of

more or less elaborate plot an elevated diction, somewhat removed from the language of common intercourse a peculiar metrical form. The Greek / designation for epic poems is tol hnj,' lit. utterances,' sentences.' The same name was also applied to the responses of
heroic adventure), unfolded in a
;
' '

oracles, for the

most important

oracles, those given

from the

shrine at Delphi, were similar to Epic poems, both in diction

and in meter. Examples may be given of epic poems in other literatures than the Greek. Thus we have in Latin, the Aeneid of Ver:

gil

in Italian,

Dante's Divina

Commedia
hexameter
:

in English, Milton's
is

Paradise Lost.

Of

these,

only the

first

written,

like

the

Homeric poems,
thought of
all,

in dactylic

but in the style and

the influence of the great master of epic song

may be

traced.

The accepted meter

is

for English epic or heroic,

as for dramatic, poetry

the so-called " heroic verse,"

It
is,

ten-

syllabled line containing five feet/

however, proper to

add, that since the hexameter has been seriously attempted by

INTRODUCTION.
become
naturalized in English poetry,

English poets, and has

several

poems

in this meter have

been produced which have

some of the

qualities of epics,

though they lack length and an

absorbing theme.

Such are Kingsley's Andromeda, Clough's

Bothie of Tober-na-Vuolich, Longfellow's Evangeline.'

II.

ANCIENT TRADITIONS CONCERNING HOMER.

Iliad

The

and the Odyssey contain no

allusion to

their

author; and although

and even a
personality.

familiar

become a household word, Christian-name, we know nothing of his

has

Homer

Several ancient " Lives of

Homer "

exist,
life.

which

describe with minuteness various details of the poet's

Two

of them, according to their

titles,

were composed by Herodotus

and Plutarch
had anything
is

but
to

it is

certain that neither of these great authors

their composition,

do with

and

their only value

in

showing what was the popular tradition respecting

Homer
It is

at or before the

commencement of

the Christian era.

passage from the

Hymn

to Apollo

which has given

towns

rise to

the

legend of the poet's blindness.

the

Many

in antiquity

where

Homeric poems were especially studied and admired claimed the honor of being Homer's birth-place, and the names of seven
claimants are preserved in the following epigram
'E7rrct
:

w6\(is fxapvavTo

<ro<p))v

Slot

f>lCav 'Ofitfpov,

~2.li.vpva,

Xlos; Ko\o<pt!>v, 'Waier), TIvKos, "Apyos,

'Adrivai.

Seven were the towns that laid claim to the gifted root of Homeros, Smyrna, Chios, Colophon, Ithake, Pylos, Argos, Athenae.

The claim came that

of

Smyrna was conceded

(as
is

to

be the strongest.
their

Next

of Chios, where there was a school of bards called

Homeridae, who claimed

to son.

shown by

name) descent

from Homer, and transmitted the Homeric poems from father

The name

"

Homeric Hymns "

is

given to a series of

Hymns

to the
later

gods, in style not unlike the Iliad, but as a whole of

date.

somewhat

* '

INTRODUCTION.
III.

xi

BIRTHPLACE AND EARLY HISTORY OF THE

HOMERIC POEMS.
The
IlTad

and the Odyssey undoubtedly originated on the

Ionian coast of Asia Minor and in the islands of the Aegean sea.

Here the dialect was developed in which they were composed, and such indications of locality as can be discovered in the poems point to this region. Various stories explain how they
were transmitted to Greece proper.
is

said to have brought

them

to Sparta,

Lycurgus (about 776 b. c.) where they furnished the

was

Lacedaemonians with the model for the perfect soldier. But it at Athens that the poems received that care to which their
is

preservation

due.

Here, even before the time of Solon

to

(600 B.C.), there seems

citing portions of the

have grown up the custom of

at

re-

poems

popular

festivals,

which

recita-

tions Solon appears to

have regulated.
b.

To

Pisistratus,

however,

tyrant of Athens

Homer

is

(560-527 due beyond all

c), the gratitude of lovers of

others.

He

collected, through

commission of four competent men, the Homeric rhapsodies

which were previously sung

separately,

two poems which bear the names of

IV.

Iliad

and united them and Odyssey.

into the

RHAPSODES, OR RHAPSODISTS.
Homeric poems were
pcwrra hrrj, 2
'

The

singers or reciters of the

called

rhapsodes.

The word rhapsode Some would derive it airb tov

(/ki/wSo's) is variously explained.

oSuv

from singing

verses fitted

(lit. sewed ') together.' might refer to the weaving into songs what had previously
*

Verses

sewed together

been separate
1

verses, or

might have reference to the metrical

is

The word

'

rhapsody,' as here used,

not to be understood as iden-

tical

with the twenty-four divisions or books into which each

poem was

subsequently divided by Aristarchus.

2

Another explanation of
it

fiatyceSSs,

perhaps quite as plausible as the

'

one mentioned above, gives

dirriv wSds.

the sense of

stitchers of song,'

curb

tov

Xli

INTRODUCTION.
The term
;
'

combination of words in the hexameter.

describes
'

pai^wSo?

singers

able that in early

and it is probtimes the song was constantly accompanied by

'

(aSeii/),

not merely reciters

'

the music of the lyre.

intonation,
lyre.

the chord being

it

Later the singing passed into a sort of

struck, before

commencing, on the
In

Finally

became a dramatic

recitation or declamation.

the earliest times the rhapsodes were poets, and often originated
the songs which they sang, like a Neapolitan improvisator or a

Scotch minstrel.

In

later times

they had

little

poetical taste

or talent, and plied their art simply as a means of livelihood.

The rhapsodes
Plato,

are spoken of several times by

Xenophon and

and by both contemptuously, as not always understanding They made a study of their the sense of what they declaimed. personal appearance, sometimes adorning themselves with gay garments and wearing a gold crown upon their heads. They recited with

much

action
;

passage sad, they wept

and with impassioned was it horrible, their

actors, they strove,

gesture.
hair stood

Was

the

on end.

Thus,

like

many modern

by overdoing the

manifestation of the sentiment contained in the passage recited,

to stir the feelings of their auditors.
taste, their recitation

To
b.

persons of the best

:

became,

in later times, offensive

but to the

people in general of the period about 400

agreeable
;

c,

it

must have been

and the popular conception of many passages of both

the rhapsode's interpreta-

poems must have been formed upon

tion of them.

V.

PLACE OF THE HOMERIC POEMS IN GREEK

CULTURE. CIVIC EDITIONS.

We
epic

can hardly form an adequate idea of what the Homeric

to the ancient Greeks.

poems were

What

the influence of a great

may be upon
to

the religious belief of a nation,

we

see from

Milton's Paradise Lost, which has unquestionably contributed

much
cans.

form the popular theology of both English and Amerishould of course be remembered that the Homeric
profess either to be or to rest

It

poems do not revelation, and

upon a divine

that they are not didactic in the sense of laying

INTRODUCTION.
down
formal rules of conduct.

xili

But they contain passages which

in illustrations

were accepted by the Greeks as the best description of the power

and majesty of
all

their deities,

and they abound

of

the virtues of a patriarchal age.

Plato often quotes a pas-

sage from

Homer in

finishing

an argument, as a theologian quotes

important make-weight in settling a

from Scripture.

A
Iliad

verse of

Homer was an

Both and Odyssey were often learned entire at school, and large portions of them were carried in memory through subsequent
years.

disputed boundary or in establishing a doubtful pedigree.

Copies of them were so multiplied that

is

it

was easy

to

possess them, as
is

illustrated

by the story

told of Alcibiades,

said in righteous indignation to have beaten his

confessed that he did not

own

a copy of the Iliad.

;

who teacher, who The poems

served too as a standard of taste

and though
literature,

their origin dates

back

to the very beginning of

Greek

they influenced to

a surprising degree the works of subsequent writers.

tus, Plato,

Herodo-

and even the

late writer

Lucian (160

a. d.), illustrate

how

familiar

Homer was

to educated
is

men.

That they should

have retained their charm so long

their merit.

indeed the highest proof of

Fresh and spontaneous, they gave delight at the

simple popular festivals which called them into existence nearly

three thousand years ago
;

and yet they had such perfection of

exacting criticism of the Alexof the very latest works of eru-

form as to

attract

and

satisfy the

andrian and later periods.

dition in the twelfth century

of Constantinople (1453 a.d.) is the commentaiy on by Eustathius, Bishop of Thessalonica.

Different ancient cities
their civic

only three centuries before the Homer had or public

fall

One

editions,

perhaps prepared at the public expense, and from which copies

could be

made

for private individuals.

The

best

known of these
by
indi-

editions were

those

of Massilia
Private

(Marseilles), Chios, Sinope,

editions, supervised

Argos, Cyprus, Crete.

viduals,

were also numerous.

One

of the most famous of these

was the edition prepared by Aristotle for his pupil, Alexander. This was called the edition of the casket,' from the jewelled
'

XIV

INTRODUCTION.

case (said to have been part of the spoils taken, after the battle of Arbela, from the tent of Darius) in which the conqueror carried it with him in his campaigns in Asia.

VI.

HOMERIC STUDIES AT ALEXANDRIA. THREE GREAT ALEXANDRIAN CRITICS. SCHOLIA.

the Greek

When
itself

toward the study of what

This

mind ceased to be productive, it turned it had created. The earliest and

Greek learning was Alexits

for

many

centuries the chief seat of

city,

foundation by Alexander, grew with wonderful rapidity ; and in the second generation after its founder, under the peaceful reign of the Ptolemies, literature

andria.

from the time of

was cultivated here with a where

tution
in the

zeal

and success unparalleled

II.,

else-

Greek world.

Ptolemy

called Philadelphus

an insti(285-247 B.C.), established the Museum (Movcrelov), combining the functions of a university and a learned academy, like the French Academy. It was provided with a
corps of salaried professors,
various departments of

who gave public lectures in human knowledge. But it was also

;

the
in-

and the most important work of the scholars who were maintained under stipends at the Museum, and of the eminent men who directed their labors, was to
tended to promote research
sift,

classify,

and elucidate the immense

collection of manuscripts

which the Ptolemies had gathered together at lavish expense in the two great libraries. 1 The names of three heads of the Mu1 The number of volumes in the Alexandrian libraries is said to have been 500,000. By volumes we are to understand rolls of parchment or of papyrus containing the equivalent of a book of Homer, a single tragedy,

or a philosophical dialogue.

It

may be worth

while to mention here that

Jewish tradition represents that the Greek translation of the Old Testament, known as the Septuagint, was made at the direction of Ptolemy
Philadelphus, that
story relates
it

might be placed

in

the Alexandrian library.

Another

how

foreigners,

who brought with them

treatises of value,
to

were

liable to

have them confiscated, and were obliged

library, or

be content with
A. D.

receiving copies, while the originals went to enrich the Alexandrian library.

The Alexandrian

what remained of

it,

was burned 641

INTRODUCTION.
seum of Alexandria are
particularly

XV
Homeric

famous

for

Zenodotus though their work was not confined to Homer, of Ephesus, Aristophanes of Byzantium, Aristarchus of Samothrace.

criticism,

They

flourished about

lowed certain

common

principles of criticism, as

250-150 B.C.; and they folwas natural,

since Aristophanes,

teacher of Aristarchus.
Iliad

who was The

the pupil of Zenodotus, was the

time had been

when not only

the

and the Odyssey, but a vast mass of epic poetry known as the Epic Cycle, had been ascribed to Homer. This period was now passed, and Zenodotus restricted the authorship of Homer
to the Iliad

and the Odyssey.

it

He

edited the text of the two

poems without commentary, and

tation that

his revision

gained such a repu-

eclipsed

all

predecessors.

He
which

was the

first

to

employ the
dash
(

obelus

(6{3e\6<s),

a heavy horizontal line like our

it

),

to indicate that the verses to

was prefixed

were spurious.
Aristophanes we

He

is

said to have

had a

partiality for rare

and

archaic forms, and to have rejected with great boldness.

Of

was

called for,

Another revision of the text which he edited, and which in its turn became a
little.

know but

standard.
fine or

He

employed the

asterisk (*) to designate particularly

'

repeated verses, and he invented the marks,

'
'

(acute,

and grave), which are now used in indicating Greek accent. These marks were devised for the convenience of foreigners at Alexandria, to whom Greek was not a native tongue. The third great Alexandrian critic was Aristarchus, whose fame overshadowed all his predecessors. He was the oracle of his day and the estimation in which he was held is shown by a pascircumflex,
;

sage in the ancient Scholia

'

It is better to err

with Aristarchus

than to be right with others.'

correct text of

His great object was to secure a

Homer.

This he strove to do by a comparison

;

of the civic editions and by attention to metrical considerations

and he succeeded so far that his text is that to which most of our best modern editions strive to approach. The division of the Iliad and Odyssey into twenty-four books and the employment
of the large and small letters of the Greek alphabet to designate
these books are ascribed to Aristarchus.

During the

lifetime of

xvi
this great critic, the

INTRODUCTION.
views of Hellanicus,
of the
Iliad

who maintained
;

the

separate authorship

prominence.

and Odyssey, gained some school formed itself about Hellanicus and the

doctrine of what were called the Chorizontes (ol Xw/di^ovtc?) , or

'

Separatists,'

might have gained more adherents had not Arisit,

tarchus thrown the whole weight of his authority against

and
until

crushed

it

so completely that

it

was hardly heard of again

critics

within the last hundred years.

It

does not appear that the great Alexandrian

published

anything but text-editions.

classic authors,

They

lectured, however,

upon

the

preserved

in

and much of their comments (vTrofiv^/jLara) was the meagre notes of their students. These notes
less

were never carefully edited, but were copied, with more or

correctness,
rior

by successive generations of grammarians of infeknowledge and it is in this way that they have reached us.
;

Didymus, a grammarian of the Roman period, and a contemporary of Cicero, may be mentioned for his services in the way
just described.

He

was called XaA/ceVrepo?,

'

Tough-gut

'

(cf.

Carlyle's Z'dhdarm), from his wonderful industry.

He

is

said to

have written 3,500 books. 1 The manuscript copies of the Greek authors upon which our
printed editions rest were mostly

made

in the

period from the

received their

tenth to the fifteenth century by Greeks

who had

education at Constantinople or Athens. These copyists had access

to

a great mass of grammatical commentary which originated at

Alexandria, and was preserved by such

men

as

Didymus

and and

they often selected from

filled

it

to the best of their judgment,

with

it

a broad margin of the parchment page upon which

they wrote the text of their author.

written in Greek, usually

Such explanatory notes,

upon

lines

much

closer together than

the main text, and often in so fine a character as not to be easily

decipherable, are called scholia;

and

their original author, in

many
1

cases
is

unknown,

is

called a Scholiast.

Book

of course to be taken in the

same sense
in

as

was the word

volume
2

in the note

on page

xiv.

We

see the singular of this

word employed

Geometry, where scho-

lium signifies a remark appended to a proposition.

INTRODUCTION.
VII.

X\ii

CODEX VENETUS
1

A.

Our oldest complete manuscript of the

of the most legible and beautiful of
scripts,
all

Iliad,

which

is

also

one

existing classical

manu-

in the tenth century. Where it was came to its present resting-place, the library of the Church of St. Mark at Venice, is purely a matter of conjecture. It is known to scholars as the Codex Venetus A -

was probably written

it

written, or "how

being thus distinguished from another manuscript of the Iliad

in the

same

library, the

Codex Venetus

B.

It is written

upon

vellum or parchment leaves, in size about 13 10 inches, and originally contained the entire Iliad upon 327 leaves, of which
only 19 have disappeared.
It

was

first

published in the year

its

1788

at

Venice by the Abb Villoison, a French scholar, and

great importance was immediately recognized.

in three respects:

It is interesting

(1)

It

contains the best text of the Iliad;

(2)

it

preserves

many

of the critical marks (obelus, asterisk, etc.)

;

used by the Alexandrian grammarians

collection of scholia

(3)

it

contains the best

upon the

Iliad,

with the information that

these scholia are derived from four grammarians ranging in date

from the
Christ.
just

first

century before Christ to the second century after

of these grammarians was Didymus,

One

who

has been

mentioned.
publication of the Venetian scholia shed a
studies.

The

new

light

Homeric

Up

to the date of their publication,

text of the

been generally assumed that the received

upon had Iliad had

it

come down

to us from about the time of the poet himself,

at

which

was sometimes placed

n 44

b. c.

But the Venetian scholia

made it plain that the Alexandrian scholars had had before them no complete accepted text of the Iliad ; that they depended chiefly upon the civic editions, and sought by comparing them one with another to determine the form which the poem had originally borne. None of the civic editions dated farther back than the age of Pericles (450 B.C.), and the earliest date which could
1

See Frontispiece for facsimile of a page of the Codex Venetus.

XVlii

INTRODUCTION.
historical in

be called

connection with the poems was that of

the revision of Pisistratus, less than a century earlier, which,

strange to say, there
critics used.
is

no evidence

that the great Alexandrian

:

The

question soon arose

"

How

account for the

preservation of the
five

poem, substantially unaltered, during the " centuries and more prior to Pisistratus?

VIII.

F.

A.

WOLF'S THEORY AND ITS INFLUENCE.

F. A. Wolf, Professor in the University of Halle, maintained

in his

famous Prolegomena ad Homerumf published

in

795, that

the preservation of the

sible.

poems during

this

long period was impos-

The

earliest
b.

Greek

inscription,

he pointed out, scarcely

antedated 600

c, and writing was not in general use before

the time of Pisistratus.

Without the

common

use of writing

he affirmed that the preservation of the poems in an unaltered

form was impossible. They neither originated so early as had been supposed, nor was the present their original form. Their
origin

was

to

be sought

in the

numerous songs which bards

a time when the gift Each song was poured

(doiSot) sang at the popular festivals at

of epic song was

common
by some

to

many.

forth spontaneously

gifted singer without

any thought

of the whole, the Iliad, of which by the version of Pisistratus

it

long after became a part.

This view explained the

;

many

birth-places attributed to

Homer

for the

name

of the poet was

to be interpreted as really the

name of a

style of

composition.

Wherever schools of bards flourished, there was a Homer. This theory, which saw in the Homeric poems only the spontaneous
outgrowth of a certain phase of the Greek language and
speedily gained
life,

warm adherents

and the world was soon

It is

di-

vided into Wolfians and anti -Wolfians.

clusions of

a theory the con-

credibility of all early history,

which have the most important bearing upon the and are by no means limited in

their application to the

Homeric poems.

Prolegomena

= Introduction.

INTRODUCTION.
The
admission, which would" not

XIX
that the art

now be made,

of writing was scarcely

Pisistratus
(*. e.

known

or

little

used before the time of

to the oral transmission

is

not

fatal,

as

Wolf supposed,

transmission by the voice and by the power of memory) from

Iliad.

a remote past of poems as long as the

Upon

this point,

many

interesting facts illustrating the

brought forward.

In antiquity,

power of memory may be when the number of books was

much
jects

smaller than at the present time,

and the

variety of subless

which one was compelled to keep hi mind much

great, the

memory
It

often performed feats which

now seem

in-

credible.

was, for example, no infrequent accomplishment

of educated

men

at

Athens to repeat the entire Iliad and the

entire Odyssey.

In these days, on the contrary,

to

we content

our-

selves with

remembering where things are

be found, instead of
Yet, in our time,

attempting to remember things themselves.

Macaulay found that he could on occasion repeat half of Paradise Lost, and some of De Quincey's exploits of memory were
even more extraordinary than Macaulay's.
it

On

the whole, then,

is

impossible to set limits to the power of

It is

memory

in

such

matters as these.

probable that the poems could have been

if
it

transmitted substantially unaltered,

be granted that they

Iliad
in-

could have been composed, without the aid of writing.

Another argument against the unity of authorship of the

is

drawn from inconsistencies

the last
fifty

in the narrative.

This line of

vestigation has

been followed up with the minutest diligence

years,

in

Germany during
encies in an epic
ship
;

and Lachmann has divided

But
inconsist-

the Iliad into eighteen originally distinct songs.

poem

are not necessarily fatal to unity of author-

and so

differently

do such inconsistencies

affect different

persons that, while they lead Bonitz (a Wolfian) to find the secret of the power of the Iliad " in the overpowering charm of the " separate pictures, which draw away the attention from their con-

nection with each

other," they allow Gladstone (a defender of

the unity of authorship) to remark that " the plot of the Iliad " is one of the most consummate works known to literature. Not
" only
is it

not true that a want of cohesion and proportion in the

XX

INTRODUCTION.

" Iliad betrays a plurality of authors, but it is rather true that a " structure so highly and so delicately organized constitutes in " itself a powerful argument to prove its unity of conception and " execution."

IX.

PRESENT ASPECT OF THE HOMERIC QUESTION.

following
is

The
the

a statement of conclusions which

may be

considered as established after nearly a century of agitation of

Homeric Question.

The language

is

that of Professor
:

R. C. Jebb, a most candid and judicious English scholar

"

The

Iliad

and Odyssey belong

to the end, not to the begin-

ning of a poetical epoch. They mark the highest point " reached by a school of poetry in Ionia which began by shap"ing the rude war-songs of Aeolic bards into short lays, and
"gradually developed a style suited to heroic narrative."

"The Iliad has been enlarged and remodelled by several " hands from a shorter poem, by one poet, on the Wrath of Achil'

"les.'

This original 'Wrath of Achilles,' probably composed

" about 940 b. c, was not merely a short lay, but a poem on a " large plan, in which the central motive gave unity to a varied " action, and which might properly be called an epic. It may " have been only the last and best of a lost series of similar " poems. But if it was the first of its kind, then its author was

" the Founder of the Epic art, who made the advance, not from " the primitive war-song to the epic on a grand scale, but from " the lay to the short epic." l

X.

OUTLINE OF PLOT OF THE

Iliad

ILIAD.

The word

means Poem about

Ilium.

Ilium, or Troy, was

a city of what was later called Mysia, in the northwest of Asia

Minor, and was situated three miles south of the Hellespont. 2

Primer of Greek Literature, p. 36. See map of region in Autenrieth's Homeric Dictionary, Plate V.

INTRODUCTION.
The poem
Troy by
the Greeks.

xxi

describes only an episode in the ten years' siege of

The
known,

following are the chief facts mentioned, or

in

assumed

as

the Iliad.

Paris, also called

in

off the fairest

woman

Greece,

Helen,

Alexander, had carried

wife of Menelaos,

King of

Sparta.

Helen had had many

suitors, all of

whom had

promised her father Tyndareos,

with them.

at his daughter's

wedding, that

they would maintain her husband's rights, should any one interfere

So Menelaos's brother Agamemnon, King of Mykeall

nae, then the leading sovereign in Greece, called together

suitors

the

and some other heroes, and the whole force

in

ioo ships
without

sailed to besiege Troy.

result,

not being able

For ten years they besieged

to

it

come

to a pitched battle with the

Tro-

jans,

who would

not venture forth from the city-walls on account

of their dread of the Greek hero Achilles, the son of Peleus, king
of Phthiotis, and Thetis, a sea-goddess.
But, in the tenth year of

the siege, Achilles suffered an affront from

took away from him his prize, the captive maiden Briseis,

Agamemnon, who who

In consequence
his tent

had been assigned

to

him

after the

sack of Lyrnessos, one of the

lesser-towns of the Troad, or plain about Troy.

he withdrew from the

sea shore.

conflict,

and

retired to

by the

This

is

wrath of Achilles

the point at which the Iliad begins.

its

The

causes,

its effects,

and how

it

was appeased

is

the subject of

much
in

of the poem.
is

quence of

Achilles's retirement

that the Trojans

The immediate consenow dare to

Fifteen out
Finally
strife.

come
(in

forth

and engage

combat with the Greeks.

of the twenty-four books describe the varying

n)
it

Patroclos begs Achilles to lend him his armor, and goes

into the

with

combat.

The Trojans
;

flee

before him, thinklast

ing that Achilles has re-entered the fray

slain

but at

Patroclos

is

by Hector aided by Apollo. Achilles's desire for vengeance on the slayer of his friend now overcomes his resentment
against
is

Agamemnon

(in 2).

A new

prepared for him by Hephaistos,

Hector

and splendid

suit

of armor

former armor from the corpse of Patroclos,

had stripped his and he rushes into

the combat, slays Hector, and drags his body back to the ships

(inX).

xxii

INTRODUCTION.
last

The
is

scene of the Iliad presents King Priam begging of

Achilles, the slayer of his son, the

body of Hector.
is

His prayer

granted, and a truce

is

observed while Hector

buried. 1

For a detailed outline of that portion

of the Iliad contained in the

present volume, see the summaries printed with the Greek text.

ON SCANNING HOMERIC VERSE.

1.

STRUCTURE OF THE HOMERIC HEXAMETER.

different

Two

feet

occur

in

the

Homeric hexameter

the

dactyl and the spondee.

The
;

dactyl consists of a long syllable

followed by two short syllables the spondee, of two long syllables. As a long syllable occupies in pronunciation twice the time of a
short syllable, the two feet may be represented to the eye ways: (i) by marks of long and short quantity, dactyl "~ spondee (2) by quarter and eighth notes, dactyl ; spondee ft ft. 1
in

two
,

w w
ft ft ft

The
line
is
is

unit, or

fundamental

foot, of the

verse

is

the dactyl.

greatly preponderates in the first five of the six feet of

This which the

composed.
;

Occasionally, as
often,

a dactyl

more

A 10, each of the first five feet spondees interchange with dactyls, except
'

which is so commonly a dactyl that, when a sponfound there, the verse receives the special name of spondaic Examples of spondaic verses are A 14, 21, 74, 102. About verse.' one verse in every twenty is spondaic. The last foot of the verse is never a dactyl, but always consists of two syllables. 2 We see
in the fifth foot
is

dee

then that the number of syllables in a verse

seventeen
(all

may vary between

(all
is

the feet dactyls

except the last) and twelve

the feet spondees, of which the only example in

Books I-VI,

544).

Dactyl

is

derived from SguctvAos 'finger,'

more probably from the use of the finger

one long and two short
(airovSrj, 'libation'),

in beating time than

because the finger,

like the dactyl, contains

portions.

Spondee

is

a derivative from aircvUonai, 'pour libation'

in this

because slow solemn chants

2

measure were sung in propitiating the gods. The last foot of a verse is sometimes an apparent trochee (- u or f J), since the slight pause which always occurs at the end of the line tends to obscure the difference between
a preceding long or short syllable. bles used as long before a caesura.

similar

remark may be made respecting short

sylla-

See

5, 4.

xxiv

ON SCANNING HOMERIC VERSE.

2.

METRICAL ACCENT. ARSIS AND THESIS.

each foot receives, in scanning, a metrical

The
accent.

first syllable of

This is entirely distinct from the written accent, with which it may, or may not, coincide. Each hexameter verse has six metrical accents. The stress which the metrical accent gives to the accented syllable is called ictus. The accented part of each foot is called the arsis; the unaccented part, the thesis. In the dactyl the thesis consists of two syllables in the spondee, of one. As the spondee is the precise equivalent of the dactyl (f * |* 8 8),
;

the length of the arsis

is

precisely equal to that of the thesis.

3.

DIAERESIS

AND CAESURA.
good scanning as they are to the at the end of a foot or in
first

Pauses, both those indicated by punctuation and those not thus

indicated, are as important to

good reading

of prose.
;

They may occur

the heart of a foot

a pause of the

kind

is

called a diaeresis;

one of the second kind, a caesura. A diaeresis at the end of the third foot, which would divide the verse exactly at the center, is avoided but diaereses, at the end of the second and especially at the end of the fourth foot, are not infrequent. This latter is called the Bucolic diaeresis, because more frequent in Bucolic or Pastoral poetry than in Epic poetry. Examples are A 4, 14, 15, 30.
;

'cutting')

Caesura {caesura, the Latin equivalent of the Greek ropr), lit. designates that break in the verse which is caused

whenever a word ends in the heart of a foot. Caesurae can occur but the most in any foot, and there are usually several in a verse important or main caesura is always near the middle of the line, and commonly in the third foot. This caesura of the third foot may come after the arsis, as is the case in A 1, 8, 11, and in 247
;

out of the 611 verses in

caesura.
sists

Book

I.

This

is

the favorite Vergilian

Or,

if

the third foot

is

a dactyl, so that the thesis con-

of two syllables, the caesura

may come
I.
1

in the thesis ; e.g.

in the

5, 6.

This
It

latter

caesura

is

the

most frequent

Homeric

poems.
1

occurs 356 times in

Book

The caesura
ne'pos).

after the arsis

toju.t)

is

sometimes called the masculine caesura

i.e.
'

it

was also
'

called

by the ancients
rj/iu-,
toju.t)

ireeSjifu/uepts,

the caesura after the

first five half-feet

(nevre,

The

caesura in the thesis, also called the feminine caesura, was often called
'

koto rbv Tplrov t poxaiov ,

caesura at the end of the third trochee,' because, by cutit

ting off the last syllable of a dactyl in the third foot,

left

a trochee.

Much

less

common

than the caesurae just described

is

the caesura in the fourth foot, generally accompanied

by a caesura

in the

second foot

e.g.

7, 10, 16.

ON SCANNING HOMERIC VERSE.

4.

XXV

SYNIZESIS
This
is

AND HIATUS.
called synizesis (avvifoo-is,
lit.
'

Two

successive vowels (or a vowel and diphthong) are often

set-

fused in pronunciation.
tling together').

The contiguous vowels maybe

in different

words

or in the

same word.

Synizesis differs from the elision so

common

vowel is lost, for where vowels are elided in utterance in Greek they are omitted in writing it differs from contraction because the vowels are merged only in utterance, though
in Vergil in that neither
;

written out in

full.

It

might be said

to

add other diphthongs to

I,

those commonly recognized as such.

Examples are A
vowel

15, 18.

Hiatus
or

is

said to exist

when two vowels immediately

initial

follow one

in two successive words, There are certain conditions, specified in the Sketch of the Dialect, 3, in which hiatus is tolerated. There are many other cases where it is only apparent. In these the second of the two words had originally an initial consonant, the effect of which was remembered, though the consonant itself was no longer written and not always uttered. Examples are in A 4, 7, 24. See also Sketch of Dialect, 3, 2. in the parts of a

another, either as the final and

compound word.

5.

RULES OF QUANTITY AND HINTS FOR SCANNING.

we need
to

In order to divide a line correctly into feet,

quantity of each syllable.

know

the

This

is

more

easily recognized in

Greek
:

than in Latin.
1.
t],

A
all

few rules of special importance may be given

diphthongs are long by nature.
is

a,

and

2.

t,

o are short

3.

stands before two consonants or a double consonant.

both of
with a

when it One or these consonants may be in the following word, and a mute liquid usually gives long position. A single liquid may
position
;

by nature. vowel naturally short

made long by

give long position

4.

e.g.

283.
is

vowel naturally short

often used as long in the arsis

before the caesura.

tendency

doubtless has a prolong the vowel, and so does the slight pause accompanying the caesura (cf. 1, note 2). Examples of this lengthening
ictus, or stress of voice,

The

to

are found in
5.

45, 153.

long

final

vowel or diphthong

is

frequently used as short

i.e.

when
1

the following

word begins with a vowel,

before a hiatus. 1

or diphthong loses, as

This apparent sh ortening may perhaps be best explained by saying that the long vowel if by elision, half of its quantity.

XXVi

ON SCANNING HOMERIC VERSE.

in the thesis of the foot.
14, 15.

This shortening occurs, of course, only

Examples are A

will be aided in his first attempts to divide a line by remembering that dactyls decidedly predominate above He should also understand that there is no such spondees.

The beginner

into feet

general principle in Greek as that expressed by the

in Latin
'

common

rule

a vowel before another vowel

is

short.'

the contrary are 'A^tXX^oj

aid in

I,

rjpaav

4.

Examples of The marks of accent

many
a,
1,

cases in determining the quantity of the doubtful

as does also the fact that most inflectional and forma-

vowels

v,

tive suffixes are short.

The
1.

following hints for scanning, beginning anywhere in a hexwill

ameter verse,

be found useful
is

When
The

a long syllable

followed by a short syllable, the long

syllable always has a metrical ictus

2.

eg. -L w.

syllable following
;

two short syllables always has a metv^.

rical ictus
3.

e.g.

\j \j

-*

short syllable always indicates the presence of a dactyl.

4.

Two

contiguous long syllables always indicate the presence

first

of a spondee which either (a) ends with the or () begins with it. The beginner will find
at a time,

long syllable,

it

a useful exercise to scan half a line

making a long pause near the middle of the verse, One must begin in the first half with an i.e. in the third foot. in the second half of the line, the first ictus on the first syllable ictus will come on the first long syllable not immediately following
;

the pause.
It will also

be well to select a few verses of which the

feet are dactyls (ort^oi 6Xo8uktuXoi),

e.g.

10,

12,

13,

and

first five

to

practise these until one

is

familiar with the rhythm.

I

There are

120 such verses in

to verses

Book

of the Iliad.

Then one may pass

containing two "spondees, and gradually increase the

complexity.

6.

PREREQUISITES TO GOOD SCANNING.

prerequisites to
;

The

three

good scanning are

on the

a correct

di-

vision of the verse into feet

the placing of the metrical accent

arsis)
;

upon the

first

syllable of each foot (ictus

the cor-

rect location of the

main caesura.
to the

The

scholar should distinctly

in-

understand that attention

second of these points often

ON SCANNING HOMERIC VERSE.

carefully observed. 1

XXvii

volves the neglect of the written accent, which he has hitherto

Attention to the marks of punctuation will often aid in fixing the

place of the main caesura, as will also the fact that

many

verses are

so constructed that the sense

is

already complete at the middle of

is

the third (or of the fourth) foot, while the part that remains

simply explanatory, and serves to round out the verse.

are

Examples
;

17, 18, 19, 20, 21.

Three prerequisites to good scanning have been named two other essential things must now be mentioned, without which scanning, though it maybe correct, will be lifeless and intolerable. One must have such familiarity with the Greek words as to recognize and utter them without hesitation or conscious effort; one must also be familA good way to iar with the movement, the swing, of the hexameter. secure this familiarity is by memorizing selected hexameters, which

may be repeated by pupils singly or by a class

ing passages are suitable for this purpose
to Apollo,
; :

in concert.

The follow-

A 38-49,

Chryses's prayer

reply to

and Apollo's speedy answer A 148-157, Achilles's angry If memorizing hexameters is considered to make too great demands upon the time of a class, simple reading in

Agamemnon.

concert, at first with the lead of the teacher, then without his lead,
will give that idea of the

rhythm without which there can be no good

scanning.

It

may be

well to expressly remind the pupil that he

should never, in scanning, forget the sense, and to suggest that several words closely connected in sense may be uttered with
hardly more pause between them than between the parts of a

compound word
Tt's

e.g. rtyXrjidScw 'A^iX^os,

AI

olavol<ri re navi,

A5

r up

(repose

Btwv,

8.

7.

SPECIMENS OF ENGLISH HEXAMETERS.

be highly profitable to
in this call the attention of scholars

It will also

to the best English accentual hexameters.

Among

the best-known

meter may be mentioned Longfellow's Evangeline, Kingsley's Andromeda, and Clough's Bothie of Tober-naEnglish poems
Vuolich.
fact, that the written and metrical accent cannot both be regarded at the same one of the strongest reasons for believing that the marks of written accent indicated varieties of pitch, not differences of stress, between different syllables.
1

This
is

time,

XXV111

ON SCANNING HOMERIC VERSE.

following example
|

The

is

from Kingsley's Andromeda

||

thene,
|

Smiling, she
|

answered
|

in

turn,
|

that

chaste Tri
|

tonid

A
|

Dear unto me, no less than to thee, is the wedlock of heroes, Dear who can worthily win him a wife not un worthy and noble,
||
| |

||

Pure with the

|

pure to be1

get brave

children

||

the

like of their

father.

sey.

add two translations of detached passages of the Iliad and OdysFirst, from the Iliad, r 233-242, by Dr. Hawtrey, former Headmaster of Eton College
I
:

Clearly the

rest I be
|

hold of the

dark ey'd
|

sons of
|

chaia.
|

Known
Two,
Kastor

to

me
I

well are the

|

faces of
I
|
|

all

their
|

names
the

two,
|

only re

main
|

whom
Poly
host,
|

see not a
|

mong

member com manders,

I re
|

fleet in
|

the

car,
|

deukes
|

brave with the

|

cestus;
infants.
|

Own

dear

brethren of
|

mine, one
|

parent
|

loved us as
|

Are they not

here in the
|

from the
|

shores of
|

Or, though they came with the

rest, in
|

ships that

Lake daimon, bound through the waters

lov'd
|

Dare they not

All for
I

enter the
|

fight or

stand in the
|

council of

Heroes,
|

fear of the

shame and the

c

taunts

my

crime has a

wakened
a

Second, from the Odyssey,

55 -69,

by William Cullen Bryant

|

Now as

he

reached, in his

course, that

isle far

off in the

ocean,

Forth fromthe|dark blue|swell of the|waves helstepped on the sea-beach, Walking right|on till hejcame to the broad-roofed cave where the 'goddess
| |

Made

her a

bode found her.

|

that
|

bright-haired

nymph,

in

her dwelling he
|

There, on the

was a huge fire blazing, and over the island fume sent up from the cedar and cypress, Cloven and burning, while she sat far in the grotto and sweetly Sang, as the shuttle of gold was flung through the web from her fingers. Round that grot grew up, on all sides, a lux uriant forest. Alders were|there, and|poplars, and|there was the|sweet smelling|cypress, Haunted by broad-winged birds which build their nests in the branches, Owls of the wood, and falcons, and crows with far-sounding voices, Birds of the shore which seek their food on the beaches of ocean. There, all over the rock from which that grotto was hollowed, Clambered a strong-growing vine whose fruit hung heavy in clusters.
|

hearth,

Floated the

odorous

The

reader of the selections just given will observe

how
is

greatly

the dactyl preponderates in English hexameters.

This

indeed

This translation, never elsewhere published, so

far as I

know, than

Post," was

made by Mr. Bryant

as an experiment, before he

in the " Evening had decided what meter to

employ

in his translation of the

Odyssey.

ON SCANNING HOMERIC VERSE.

their great defect, because fatal to variety.

xxix
is

Another defect

the

frequent occurrence of the diaeresis at the end of the third foot (see
is now used as long, had for quantity, which is wholly subordinated to accent. The last two specimens (from Hawtrey and Bryant) show a regard for quantity much greater than is

3).

It will

be also noticed that the same syllable

Little regard, in fact, is

now

as short.

usually found in English hexameters.

8.

TRANSLATION INTO ENGLISH HEXAMETERS.

good exercise
to turn a

It is a

few lines of

Homer

into English

hexameter.
little

Some
;

verses will go into the

:

effort

e.g.

B 23

same English measure with

ESSets, "\rptos vie $a(<ppovos iiriroSdfiOto

Sleep'st thou,

son of

Atreus
:

||

the

furious

tamer of

horses

or the following (A 148-151)

irpo<r4<pri

Thv

5'

&p' inr6Spa ISiiv

ir6Sas

wkvs 'Ax'AA.tJs

&
f)

fj.01,

avaihiiriv iiriei/j.evt, Kep5a\t6(ppoi>

ircDj ri'y

rot irp6<ppa>v (trecrtv Trel6r)Tat 'Axaiav,

fl

dSbv 4\0tfifvat,

avSpdcriv

l<pi

fidxeo'6ai

Him

then with

stern glance re
|

garding ad

dressed the swift-

footed

A
Ah me How to
! |

chilles
I

mantled
I

thy
|

Either to

in arrogance, greedy in spirit and temper, words shall any A chaian render o bedience go on a foray or valiantly combat with heroes ?
| | |

A moderate amount of
ing such hexameters.

practice will give considerable ease in writ*

The

writer has sometimes had an entire

lesson voluntarily prepared by a class in hexameter translation, and

pupils have frequently in examination written, in this meter, their

tions of

There are several familiar combinawords in English which naturally close a dactyl. As such may be mentioned the monosyllabic prepositions followed by the
translation of the passage set.
'

article; e.g.

of the,' 'in the,' 'for the,' 'with the,' etc.

The
to
fill

trans-

lator will

soon notice, however, that the Greek

line literally trans-

lated does not furnish,. in

most cases, enough material

for this

out the

English hexameter.
in

The obvious reason

is

the lack in

English of that multitude of particles and conjunctions for which English there is no precise equivalent, and which in Greek sup-

XXX

ON SCANNING HOMERIC VERSE.

The
translator

ply so readily the short syllables for the dactyls.

and it is perhaps this inevitable introduction of foreign matter, more than anything else, which explains the failure of hexameter translations of extended portions of the Iliad to interest the reader. Of course, this fact constitutes no objection to the hexameter as an English meter, nor to its use for original English poems. But it is a question whether it
;

has no alternative but to expand

does not render

as a whole.

it

an unsuitable meter for a translation of

Homer

THE CHIEF PECULIARITIES OF THE HOMERIC DIALECT.

1

PHONOLOGY.
1.
i.

Vowel

Substitutions.
e,
1,

17

is

used

in

Homer
found

after p,

where the Attic uses a;

e.g. l-fivos

& ayoprj [ayopa], opoir) [opota], ir(ipr}(Topai [ireipao-opai].

2.

Similarly,

ei

is

for t ,

ov for o

[Vor], \pv-

afios [xpvcreos, xpvcrovs], rrovXvs [ttoXvs], povvos [_p6vos].

3.

More

rarely, ot is

found

for

o, at

for a, n for

e.g. irvoifj [Trror/],

alfros [derck], Tidtjpevos [nOepevosj.

4.

By what
Similarly,

is

called
;

metathesis quantitatis,
e.g.

transposition of

quantity,' do
dao.

becomes tw

'ArpeiSea interchangeable with 'Arpeiefor

we

find

ecus

and

[eW]>

anrepeto-ios

for anapeo-ios

[ajmpos], kt\.
2.
1.

Treatment of Concurrent Vowels.

when
it

Contraction,

occurs, follows the ordinary rules, except

;

that eo

and

tov contract only into tv

e.g. ddpo-evs [ddpcrovs], fidXKtv

[fidWov'].

But contraction often does not take place e.g. dUw [kg>i>], and, on the other hand, a few unusual contractions occur e.g. evppews, instead of evppeovs from evppce'os.
2.
;

oXyea faXyrj]
;

3.

Two

vowels (or diphthongs) are often blended in pronuncia-

1 The Homeric dialect, also called the Epic or older Ionic, is the oldest form of the Greek language of which we have knowledge. To this the newer Ionic in which Herodotus wrote, and the Attic dialect which became the accepted standard for ordinary composition, stand related as younger sisters. The Homeric dialect was undoubtedly based upon the Greek as spoken, during the tenth and ninth centuries, in the islands of the Aegean Sea and on the Ionian coast of Asia Minor. But the variety of forms which it contains is greater than could have been employed at one time in any spoken dialect. Hence it is inferred that the originators of Epic poetry created in fact their dialect, developing and amplifying it in the direction of certain tendencies which they found existing in common every-day

speech.

XXXli

THE HOMERIC DIALECT.

8fj

tion (synizesis); e.g. 'ArpetSea (pronounce -dyo),

av,

eWi

ov,

fj

ov.

See Essay on Scanning Homer,

4.

3.
1.

Hiatus.
considered regular) in the
fol-

Hiatus

is
:

lowing cases
(a)

allowed

(i.e.

may be

after the

vowels

and

(b)

when when
when
tity

the two vowels are separated by a principal caesura, a

diaeresis, or a
(c)

mark

of punctuation
first

the final vowel of the

word

is

long and stands in

the accented part of the foot

(d)

the

in the

first of the two vowels, though naturally long, stands unaccented part of the foot, and loses half of its quan-

before the following vowel.

the last vowel of the
illustrated
first

{e)

when

word has been

lost

by
:

elision.

These cases are

(a)
(t>)

by the following examples

\j\y
vy
I

faarripi aprjp6rt.
KaOrjaro, iiriyvdpipaaa, kt\.
avridfcp 'Odwrji.
6'iffTol

(c)

(d)
(e)

AT

&IX03V.

uu. w v^^/| uu| w wy|

| |

^1

fivpi

'

'Axa.io7s

&\yt

'

edrjKev.

w
is

v_/
l

\y\j

2.

Hiatus

in other

circumstances

generally only apparent, and

disappears on supplying the original consonant (now no longer written)

;

e.g. rbv 8' Tjixfifar' tntira Fdvatj dv8pa>v 'Ayaptpvav.

also see

Essay on Scanning Homer,

4.

4,

See 8 and Apparent Hiatus in

;

Index.

Elision.
it

Elision
a, e,
1,

is

allowed in some cases where

would not occur

;

in prose.

o are elided in
)

declension and conjugation

<u in

the endings

pai, <rm, rat, crdai

01 in pot, croi, rot.

6.

Apocope.
final short

Before a following consonant, the

the prepositions dvd, irnpd, Kara
kot.

vowel of Spa, and of

leaving up,
av, trap,

may be

cut

off,

This

is

called apocope.

the consonant,
e.g.
ko.8

Remark. The accent in this case recedes to the first syllable, and now final, is assimilated to a following consonant
8vvap.1v [zcara
8iivapiv\,

KaXknrf [icaTeXwre], ap ire8iov [ava

7rf8lov~\.

THE HOMERIC DIALECT.

6.

XXX111

Anastrophe.
to the

Anastrophe, or the retraction of the accent from the ultima

penult,

may occur

in the case of all

It

oxytone prepositions except

an<pi, avri, dvd, 8id.

regularly occurs: (i)

if

when a

preposition

fol-

lows

its

elided),

case (but not

e.g.

the final vowel of the preposition has been

w tm
is

[t<p' w],

but

&iv t<p' iX6s [eVi diva dXcir]

it

(2)

when

a preposition
rated

placed after a verb from which

(see note
;

has been sepaafter

by tmesis

Remark. The adverb

the noun which
us,
'

on A 25) e.g. 6X(<ras "mo [dnoXtaas']. of comparison $, 'as,' when placed

is

it

would naturally precede,

accented

eg. opvtdes

as birds.'
7.

Consonant Changes.
X, p, v, p,
<r,

1.

Single consonants, especially

;

are often doubled in

the heart of a word after a vowel

o-ot].

e.g. fXXafiov [?Xa/3oi>], t6<t<toi [to-

Here may also be mentioned the occasional lengthening of a

in

short following vowel before certain words beginning with a liquid

(perhaps the liquid was doubled

2.

pronunciation);

e.g. evt ptydpoiai.

Metathesis

(p.erd6eo-ts,

'

transposition') of a vowel

and a

liquid

is

common;
3.
;

e.g. Kpa8irj
p.

and

Kap8it] [napbia], ddpo-os

and
/9

6pdo~os [8dp<ros.]

Between
e.g.

and

p,

as also between

serted
the

u-ppporos,

where

pfUporos [/Spordr] is for pporos,

same root as Latin mor-ior.

sometimes inand shows Cf. also pe-pfiXwica, from stem

X,
is

p and

fiKo-, poX-.

8.

DlGAMMA, OR VAU.

For fuller statements respecting this letter (called digamma, i.e. double-gamma, from its form, but in pronunciation having the power The following words had originally iniof iv), see the grammars.
tial

F:

ttyvv/M

XXXVI

THE HOMERIC DIALECT.

14.

Pronouns.

i.

The

following table shows the personal and possessive proin Horner.

nouns as they occur

mars.

Fcr Attic forms, see the gram-

SlNG. N.

e'-yw,

eydv

THE HOMERIC DIALECT.

4.

XXXV11

The

following are the forms in use of the interrogative and of

the indefinite pronoun.

For Attic forms, see the grammars.

Indefinite.
Singular.
rts, ntr. tj

Interrogative.
Singular.
Plural.

Plural,
Tivts, ntr. rtvd

N.
G.

tIs, ntr. rl

rives, ntr. tiVo

and

6,<r<ra

TtO

TtUV
rtourt

Tto

rewu

rev

D.
A.

re<p

T<
Tip

TfOlffi

rtva, ntr. ri

rivas, ntr. rlva

nvd,

ntr. Tt rivds, ntr. riva

and

ocr<ra

5.

The compound
octis, oris
;

relative has a great variety of

;

forms

N.
G.

?;tis

Stj, ott

olrives

da a a.

(for o-t-o)

OTTfO, OTT6V, St1/

6Tilf, OTlp

D.
A.

dWoicri

ovriva, OTiva; 1\VTiva.;

on, Stti

oStrTti'as, orivas;

aarivas; aacra
is

Homer

also uses very frequently the form

in

00-re,

which

regarded

by Monro as equivalent

meaning

to oaris.

CONJUGATION.
15.
1.

Augment and Reduplication.

either temporal or syllabic,
is
;

The augment,

this case, the accent

may be omitted. In thrown back as far as possible toward the

e.g.

beginning of the word

Xvae

[eXvtre], tcddepev [icadf i/xej>]

;

Mono[?^j].

syllabic forms with a long vowel are circumflexed

e.g.

fir)

2. The second aorist active and middle is often formed in Homer from a reduplicated stem. (The only examples in Attic of such reduplicated aorists are ijyayov, fjvtyicov (t)v-(v(k-ov), and dnov ((FtFeThere are about twenty reduplicated aorists in Homer the irov).) most important are tiri<ppabov (ippdfa), cWkXcto and K7eXfro ('Xo;
:

pai), TTpi8(<T8ai ((peiSopai), naridoincv (irel8o>), ireirvdoiaro (nvvdavo-

pai), dpnenakiov (dvandX\a>).

Examples of a very peculiar reduplication are and (pvK-aic-ov (f'pvKw). Here the last consonant
peated after a connecting
3. a.

Ms-anm
of the

(eVnn-o))
is

stem

re-

There are a few examples of a reduplicated future of similar

;

formation with the reduplicated aorist

e.g. 7re(/>tij<rojiat, ircmBrfaa.

XXXVlii

THE HOMERIC DIALECT.

16.

Endings.
-fit,
;

i.

The

older endings of the singular number,

in

-<rda, -<ri,

are

more common

Homer

than in the Attic dialect

e.g.

eWXoo/xi

[eJfXw] (subj.), edekrjo-i, also written edtXrjcri [e'&'X;/] (perhaps an example of reasoning from false analogy on the part of the copyists). 2. The ending of the third person dual in the historical tenses
is -tov

as well as -n\v in the active,

-adw

as well as

-a-drjv

in the
for

middle voice.
-peda.
3.

In the

first

person plural

-pea-da is often

used

The second person

o-

loses

singular of the middle and passive often from the ending, and remains uncontracted e.g. i'xr]ai [ex?;]
;

/3aXXeo [/3aXXou], rXeo (also eVXeu) [eVXeov], oibvcrao [a>8uo-<o].

We

even find
4.

j3e(3kT)ai [<?/3X?7o-ai]

in the perfect middle.

-vto of the third
;

For the endings

-vrai

and

person plural, -arai

and

-qto are often substituted

e.g.

dedaiarai [6VSaii/Tai], yevolaro

[ys 1/011/7-0].

Before these endings

palatal

(-arai

and
;

-aro)

smooth or middle
first

labial
5.

and

mutes become rough

e.g.

Terpafpsrai (rpeirco].

Active infinitives (with the exception of the

aorist infini-

tive)

frequently end in -pcvai, also shortened into -pev; e.g. dtcovepe-

vai [aicoijet!/], eX^e/xei/(at) [e'X#eit/], Tc6vdp.ev(ai) \j(6vdvai\.

The second

aorist infinitive active

17.

sometimes ends

in -iuv

e.g. Ibeetv [iSeii/j.

Mood-Vowels of Subjunctive.
The
shorter vowel does not appear in the singu-

The long
pear as
lar,
e

characteristic vowels of the subjunctive frequently apo.

and

nor

in the third

person plural of the active voice.

[dotprjtjcopev],

Thus we have
(#,>?)]

lofifv

[tco/xfi/],

6a>pr)opev
is

evt-eai

[cu^ai

This

shorter form

especially

common
in

in the first aorist subjunctive,

which thus becomes identical

18.
1.

form with the future indicative.

Contract-Verbs.
in uncontracted, contracted,

Verbs

in -aa>

appear

and assimi-

lated forms.

The

assimilated forms

between the uncontracted assimilated forms because the two vowels (or the vowel and diphthong) which would ordinarily be contracted are assimilated, so as to give a double-A or a double-O sound. Thus we have op6u> for opuco,
6p6a>T( for opdotre, ikdaxri for e'Xaovo-i (fut. of Aaui/w) e'Xaai/ for t'Xueii/

may be regarded as intermediate and contracted forms. They are called

(eXaei/).

is

long either by nature or by position.

This assimilation never occurs unless the second vowel It may be accompanied
of either (very rarely both) of the assimilated

by a lengthening
vowels.

THE HOMERIC DIALECT.

2.

xxxix

Verbs in -ew are generally uncontracted, but sometimes form In uncontracted forms, the stemee and ra, fv from eo or tov. vowel e is sometimes lengthened into ft e.g. rrtXeitro [eYeXeiro]. 3. Verbs in -oa> are generally contracted, except in a few cases
from
;

where

assimilation, see 18,

1,

occurs;

e.g.

dpcWi

[dpeoo-i].

19.

Peculiarities in the Formation of the Present Stem.

1.

Many presents
fxa.(m^(v).

in -fa are

formed as
of
7rXdco

if

from stems ending

7roXe/xioipei']),

in

e.g. Tro\tfiia> (fut. ffoXepi^opev

[noXepiaopev, or
is

paarifa
aor.

(aor.
pass.).
2.

The stem
-ao-co

rrXayy-

(nAdy^-c^

Several presents in

are formed from lingual stems

i\i<T<ip.T)v).

e.g.

Kopv<r<T<0 (pf.

pass. ptc. KacopvOpevos), Xi(r<ropai (aor.

vt/3-

3.

ia'a>

shows a stem

(aor. infin. vfyaaOai).

Kala>

4.

Several other stems, additional to

(stem

koF-)
t
;

and

kXcu'oi>

(stem KkaF), form the present stem by the addition of

pai (pf. ptpapev).

e.g. paio-

20.

Formation of Future and First Aorist Active and

Middle.

1.

Such pure verbs as do not lengthen the

<r

final

stem-vowel
first

in the

formation of tenses often double

tive

in the future

and

aorist ac-

and middle
cr

e.g. albe'vaopai [aiSe'cropai], vfiKfaa-f [eWtKe<re], erd-

wo-o-t [eVdiaio-e].

Sometimes, stems
is

in

a dental show a similar

doubling of
2.

e.g. KoplcrcraTo [tVco/xiVaro].

The

future of liquid verbs

generally uncontracted; eg. ayytfirst

Xo [dyycXa].
tense-sign
cr
;

few liquid stems form their

aorist with the

e.g. eneXo-apev [o)KfiXa/xei/ (<5/ceXXco)]

(/ce'XXa>), %>pcre

\yp-

wpi\.
3.

e.g. c^iva

few verbs form the first aorist active and middle without a and X f ^ a [*X fa ](X eco == X f v u')i ^^ creva (crfuw), rjXevaro, akeaadai
;

(dXevopai), eK7)a [fKavcra], subj. Krjopev [Kav<ra>pev~], infin. Krjat

((cai'co).

[<ca{/crai]

4.

and

sometimes take the place of a as intermediate vowels of

l!-ov,
Itjcs

the

first
is

aorist; e.g.

(iKvtopai),

cWero

(Su<u).

thing
mifxi),

seen

in the

imperatives $n<reo

(J5aivu>)

opo-eo

The same and opaev (op-

5erf (y&)),

otcre (<pep<o),

and

in the

infinitives dgf'ptvai, oiaV-

pevai.

Xl

THE HOMERIC DIALECT.

Formation of Second Aorist without Thematic Vowel.

21.

Many verbs have a second aorist active and middle without a thematic vowel, formed similarly to the second aorist of verbs in -pi.
Of
this formation there are
/era-,

many

instances

e.g. '4ktg, eKrav, {ktuto

(stem

KT(v-), (tvto (creva>), i'xvro (^ea)), Xvto (Xvco), optatives (p8linfin. cpdiadai, ptc. (pdlpevos, (cpdl-v-co),
ZfiXrjTo,

firjv, (fcdiro,

imperatives kX6i.
(5s'x"

kXutc (k\vo>),
pat),
e/itKT-o

jSXrjo-dai

(/3a\X&>),

aXro (SXXopai), 8skto

and

fiLKTo

(niywui)

S)pTo, op<ro (opwfii).

The

imperatives

<kXv6i, KeitkvTe are similarly

formed, from a reduplicated stem.

22.
i.

Formation of Perfect and Pluperfect.

(o-eua>),

In the forms eppopa (pdpopai) and eo-o-vpai

the stem began with
(FeFoXira), eopya

we

see the

same doubling

of the initial consonant of the stem after the

if

augment
the
lost

(reduplication), as
"Eoiko. (FeFoiKa),

p.

eoXTra

(FeFopya),
full

when

consonants are supplied, are seen to have the

In bexarai
is

reduplication.
it

[SeSe-y/xeVoi fieri]

the reduplication has been lost, and

irregular in 8ei8cypai [de'Sey/xai] (dtxopai)

[SeSia].

and

8ei8oiKa [8e8otKa~\,

fieifiia

The first perfect is formed from vowel-stems only and is rare. The second perfect is very common, but always wants the aspira2.

tion

e.g.

KCKoira [KeK<xpa~] (k6tttg>).

vowel-stems, forms without the tense-sign

There frequently occur, from k, and perfect participles

e.g. ircfyvaa-i [wecpuKaai'] (<pva>),

thus formed are particularly

common;

KtKprjaiTi [KfK/i7Kori] (jed/twa), redurjcoTas \re8vr)K.6Tas\ (dvrjCTKa)).

3.

or

77,

In the pluperfect the endings -ea, -eas, appear e.g. ij8ea Q/Sfiz/], ?/8ee [j/8].
;

-ee(i'),

contracted ei(y)

Remark. Compare ?i8fa Fr)8-e<rap. with Lat. vid-eram; "faas Fr)8-e<ras with vid-eras; j/8e a-av Frjb-ea-avr with vid-erant. The Greek pluperfect is thus seen to be, like the Latin pluperfect, a

compound
ttr-

tense, of

which the

last part

doubtless contains the root

of the verb dpi. 23.

Passive Aorists.
ends in
v

1.

The The

third plural indicative often

instead of <rav,

e%S-

fp<-X@ fv [_fpi-XW av \ (poprjOev [(<pnj3r)dr]<Tav~\, Tpu(pfv [eTpd<pr)<rav'].

2.
t

subjunctive remains uncontracted

is

at the
ei

of the passive sign

often lengthened into

2, 3

or

77,

same time the and the followf

ing mood-sign (in the dual and

8aia> [&ig>]

pi.)

shortened to

or o

e.g.

(stem

8a-), SapctflS

or

8aprjrjs [Sa/iijr] (ddpvrjpt).

THE HOMERIC DIALECT.

Remark. A peculiar form is Tpandofxfv, 2 aor. pass, from This arises by metathesis from rapneiopev [rapmi>p.tv].

xli

rtpna>.

24.
1.

Verbs

in

-fu.

By

the side of the ordinary forms of the present indicative of

verbs

in -pt,

there occur also forms as

[81'ficocri].

if

from presents

in -ew

and -ow

e.g. Tidfl [riBrjai], 8180'i

2.

As
leu

the ending of the third person plural of the imperfect and

v

second aorist indicative active,

eg.
[ifo-ai>],

often takes the place of -aav

tfiav

(<rrav

ordv [orr}<Tav\

fiav [e/^o-ai/],

i'cpav

(plv

\_t<f>.t(rav],

i(pvv

[f(j)v(Tav~\.

3.

In the second aorist subjunctive active, the mood-sign

is

somesuch

times shortened and the stem-vowel lengthened.

Thus

arise

forms as:

ywco [yw], 8<i)r]<ri (ftd>r]iTi) 8u)j) [Sw]. Sometimes a of the stem is weakened into e, and this again protracted into ft. Thus arise the forms fieiopev [pwpev],
Bfiat [#&>], Beiys Bqrjs [Bfls], <rrl]r)s [or^r],

OTftofiev, crretopev [trrw/xfi/].

4.

The

following are the forms of the so-called irregular verbs

in the Attic dialect.

in -pi

which do not occur

(a)

From

ftf/u:

pi.

pres. indie, act. Utri, 3 sing. subj.

1

'lyo-i,

infin.
tcrav,

U/tv
subj.

veu, ipf. I
I

sing, (cur, 3 pi. "eu, aor. indie, act.

fieri, ai>-r)t),

sing. frjKa, 3 pi.

sing. fieO-tiio, 3 sing.

(b)

infin. fied 4pev, 3 pi. 2 aor. indie, crro.

f?;-

From
I

elpt

2 sing. pres. indie, etada, subj. 2 sing. Xtjcrda, 3 sing,

ie7j,

triv,

pi. tofjuv,

3 sing. opt.

infin. 1(iti/(cu), ipf.

f\iov, fut.

sing,

fjia, rj'iov,
I

3 sing.
flcra.fj.Tiv

t)U(v) tt(v),

pi. jjojicv,

3 pi. r\iaav taav

2 sing.
07s,

(tcro/xat,

aor.

and

t(icrdfj.T]v.

(c)

From
1

ei/i/:

pres. indie.

eWi

efs,

pi. ftper,
77,

3 pi- ecuri(v),

subj.

sing,

tta fi(T(lio,

2 sing.

3 sing, iycri yen

infin. %fxfxtv{ai)
(Tjcrda,

3 pi. tWt(e),
<iij/

opt. 2 sing,
eoi/o-a

tots,

3 sing
1

01,

imv. iaao,

and

e^uer'ai), ptc.

oi/, etc., ipf.

sing. r)a

a eov, 2 sing

3 sing, ^ei/ eTjy

^tjv,

3
I

pi. <rai/, fut.

3 sing. ecrtrtTai eVtreiYaj.

:

(d)

From

oJSa

2 pf. indie. 2 sing. oT5as,

pi. 18/j.tv,

subj.

sing.

eiBe'&j,

pi. (tSo/xev, 2 pi. ftSere, infin. If8yitej>(a), ptc. fern. lSv?a, plupf. 2 sing. r)e/-

5jjs,

3 sing.

t}si'8ti

(e)

From

rj/ua<

pSee, 3 pi. ?<ra.v, fut. (l5i)o-cv. pres. indie. 3 pi. ?otoi and tlarai, ipf. 3 pi. taro :

and

tlaro.

(/)

From

Kt?pai

pres. indie. 3 pi. Kelarai xearai Keovrtu.

xlii

THE HOMERIC DIALECT.

25.

Iterative Forms.

The endings -<tkov and -o-kojjl^v indicate repetition of the action, whence they are called iterative endings. They do not occur in the same sense in the Attic dialect. Iterative forms have the inflection of the imperfect indicative of verbs in a, and are rarely, if ever, augmented.
rarely a

The
;

iterative terminations are attached to the

a>

stem of the
joined to

imperfect and second aorist of verbs in

e,

by the intermediate vowel

e.g.

ex-e-o-nov, pLirr-a-a-icov, (pvy-e-aKf.

When

the first aorist stem, these endings follow directly after the thematic

vowel*

of the aorist indicative

e.g. eXdo-a-cr*:e.
;

Verbs
e.g.

in /

append

the iterative endings directly to the stem

<TKTO, e-<TKOV

ard-aKev, favvv-

(=

'i(T-(TKOv)

The term thematic vowel is employed

here and in 21 instead of the old designation,

connecting vowel.

THE

ILIAD.

BOOK
Sing, Muse, the
,

I.

Wrath of Achilles, fatal, but foreordained.

Ayc^.i]Of;,
kflrjicev,
,

Mrjviv^afihe,
GvXofxejjrjv,

defi,- IIrjfi.7iidfie(t)
i)

fjbvpC %

Aq(cuoI^ d\ye

iroWas

8' l<j)di/AOV<; yfrv)(a<s "A'iBt irpota-^-ev

qpuiwv, clvtovs Be ectopia

oltovolai re irdai

Albs

reO^e Kvveaaiv
S'

ereXeiero ftovXij

e ov

Brj

ra irpwra Bi^arrrr^v ip(cravT

s

^ArpetBi)^ Te, avajz dvBpcov, ical.Blo<; 'A%i\Xevs.

The cause : Apollo 's priest, Chryses, came in to redeem his daughter :
TV? t dp acpcoe d^oiv epfii
Ar)rov<i Kal
t

state with gifts

ffweflice pudyecrdat,

j3acn\rjl yokpdefc dvd a-rparbv oipcre fcafcrjv, oXekovto Be Xaol, ovvefca rbv Xpvarjv rjri/xacrev dprjrrjpa *ArpetBr)<;. 6 yap tjXde 6oa$ eVl vfjas Ayamv,
vlos.

Aib$

yap

vovcrou

IO

Xvcrofieuos re
(TTepLp,aT

dvyarpa

(pepcov r cnrepelcri

a/jroiva,

e^ycov ev

yeppiv kt}/36\ov 'AttoWcovos

Xpv<re(0 ava, (TKi)irrpo), /ecu

Xiaaero iravras 'Ayaiovs,

'ArpetBa Be fxdXLara

Bvto, KoapLijTope

Xawv

'

IAIAA02 A
And thus addressed the
ArpetBai re
/cat

Greeks :

aXkoi
'

iv/cvr)p,i8e i
i

'Amatol,

vplv pev Oeol 8ouv OXvparia Scofiar e^ovre<;,

eKirepaai Tipidpboio ttoXlv,
ev, &' oX/cab* i/ceadcu

7ral8a 8 i/Aol \vo~ai re epO^rjv,

'

rd t dirotva

8eyeo~0ai,

a^ofievoi

At,6<;

vlbv e/cr)f36\ov AiroWcova.

'

Most approve : not Agamemnon, who

dismisses

him

scornfully.

Evd aWoc
aihelaOai

p,ev 7rdvre<; i7rev(prjp,r)crav

'A%aioi

#' leprja, zeal

'

dy\ad

Seidell airoiva

aW
dXkd
7)

ovk Arpethrj

A<yajj,ep,vovi r)v8ave Ov/jlw,

KaKO)<; dcpiei, /cparepbv 8' eirl p,v0ov

ereWev

25

Mr)

ae, yepov, KotXrjaiv eyeb irapd vrjual Ki^eico,

rj

vvv SrjOvvovT,

vcrrepovavTis Ipvra,

pn vv TOtov
rrjv 8

xpaio;p,r} aKrJ7TTpov /cal <Trep,p,a deolo.

iyco ov Xvcrco' irpiv fuv /cal yfjpas eireurw

r)p,erepq) evl o?tca>, ev

"Apyei, rrjXodi Trdrprjs,

Xe%o<;

mttov eiroiyopevr)v

/ecu ep,bv

avrioaxrav

dX\

Wi, pi) pH epeOi^e, acMorepos

Chryses departs sadly,

tw? /ce verjac.

and prays
yepcov

to

Apollo for vengeance.

'

/2? ecpar

eSecaev 8

/ecu eTreidero p,v6a>.

f3rj

8 d/cecov irapd diva TroXvfyXolcrfioLO 6aXdo~<n)<i'

<

7roXXa 8 eireir dirdvevQe

AiroXXfiyvi cu-aicTt, rbv

/ciebv

r)pd0 6 yepatbs

35

r)v/cap,o<i

ree ArjTco

KXvOl p,ev, 'Apyvporo^, 0? Xpvo-r/v dp.(pi/3e/3r)/ca<s KiXXav re ^aderjv, Teve8oio re lepe dvdcrcreis,
2ip,tv0V, eiTTOTeroi
r)

^aplevT

eTrl.vrjbv epetya,

ev 8r) Trore

rot

Kara

iriova p-rjpC e/crja

40

'

'

IAIAA02
Tavpa>v
t
t

A.

r}8'

alyeov, ToBe p.oi Kprjjivov eeXBcop'

t

riaeiav Aavapl ep,d fod/cpva^aoiai fieXeaaiv.

Apollo hears : and begins
*f2<; e<pa,T
fii)

to slay the

Greeks with his

bolts.

eu^6/ie^09* rovfi' e/e\ue, <ot/3o9 'AaroXXcov.

tcrjp,

Be tear OuXvfnroio tcapSjvcov, ^co6fjieyo<i

ojfioicriv

ro

e^cov

a/j,fpr)pe(f>ef(,

re (paperprjv

45

etcXay^civ B ap\6i(TTol

eV
fj'ie

a>p,cov ^cooLiei/ow,

avrov
el^er

Ktvrj6evTo<i

S'

vvktI

ipi/ccos.
,S'

eireir dirdvevOe vewv, p,erd

ibv ej)Kev

Betvrj

Be tcXayyrj yever dpyvpeoio

'

/Stoto.

ovprja? p,ev nrpcorov t?r<pX e T0 Kai K vva<; dpyovq

avrap
/3ttX.V

eiretr

avrolac

/3e\o<? i%,7rVKe<;

i(j>iet<;,

alel Be trvpal vetevcov kclLovto 6au,eiai>

Achilles calls

an assembly, and proposes

to

ask advice of a

seer.

'Evvrj/iap p,ev
tt) Betcdrrj 8'

dvd arparbv atyero tcrjXa Oeolo dyoprjvBe KaXeaaaro Xabv 'AxtXXevs *

Bed XevtccoXevus "Hprj

tc3

yap

itrl (ppeal 6r)tce

55

KtjBero

yap Aavawv,

otl

pa

OvrjcrKovra^ opdro.

ol 8' 7rel ovv r\yep6ev, op,7)yepees

roicrc

r eyevovTO,
d)tcv<;

&

dvLo~rdp.evo<; fierecpT) iroBa?

'AxiXXev?
oieo

^Arpe'iBr),

vvv

ap,p,e

TraXip.'irXayydevTa^

aty dTrovoorrfcreiv,
el Br) bpbov 7roXe/io<

et tcev

ddvarov ye

(pvyoi/xev,

6o

re Bap,a ko\

Xoip,b<; 'A^atoiis.
rj

d\V
rj

dye

B>]

riva p.dvTiv epeiopev,

lepr)a,
etc

teal

ovetpoiroXov
eliroi

teal

ydp r ovap

Aios eoTiv

65

o<?

Tt,

Tocraov e^cotraro

<ot/3o<?

'AiroWav,

cIt

dp 6 y
tcev 7ra)9

evxcoXrjs Trip,ep,(peTat,,

eW

etcaT6p,j3r)<;

at

dpvwv

Kvlcrat)^ alyeov re reXeicov

r)p,lv

fiovXerai avTidcras

dirb Xoiybv dpvvai.

'

'

'

IA1AA02

A.

Calchas, the soothsayer, asks leave to speak freely :

JtlTOL

OJ

O)? 6LTT(0V KOUT

ap

e rT0.

TOLCTt

O aueOTTJ

KaX^a^
09
jjStj

@<TTopi8r]<;,

olwvoiroKwv o% apiaro?
trpo

rd r

eovra,

rd r iaaofieva,

r eovra,

Kal vijeaa rjyqcrar ^A^aioiV "Tkiov

fjv

elo~w,

8ia pavroavvqu, rrjv ol Trope

<froifio<;

'ArroWmv

o~<f>iv iii

obpovecov dyopijaaro Kal pereeirrev

fie, 8il(pi\e,

*fl ^A^CKev, KeXeal

,

fivdijaaaOai
75

firjviv

A7r6Xkcovo<; Karr)f3e\erao avatcjos.

ipico
'

roiyap eycbv
$1 rj

av 8e

cruvdeo,

Kal

fioi

Sfioaaov,

fiev fioi 7rpo<ppa>v eireo-iv

Kal ^epalv

aptji^eiv.

yap

btofiai

dvSpa

-^oXcoae/iev, o? fieya rravrcov

'Apyelcov Kpareei Kal ol irelOovrai, ^AyaioL

Kpeicrawv yap f^aaCKem, ore ^doaerat dvBpl yeprfi

elirep

8o

yap re %6\ov ye Kal

Kal fieroTriaOev
o~v

avrrjfiap Karaire^ri,

dWd re

e%

kotov, 6<ppa reXecrcrp,

fie o-acocreis.

iv o~T7]0eaaLi> kolcn

Se <ppdo~at, el

And Achilles having reassured him,

Tov

he announces that the daughter of Chryses must be restored.

cokvs

S' drrafieifiofievos 7rpocre(f)i] 7r68a<?

'A%cWev<i
85

6apar)o~a$ fidXa etVe deorrpomov ore olaOa'

ov fid yap ArroWoova Bil(pl\ov, wre

ev%6fievo<i

'

o~v,

KdX/^ap,

Aavaolai OeoirpoTrlas dvacpalveis,

irrl

ov tis, e/iev tovro<; Kal

yOovi SepKo/ievoto,

aol Kotkrjs rrapd

vrjvcrl

ftapelas %eipa<; irrolo-ei

ov8' rjv
'

avfiTrdvreov Aavacov

'

Ayafikfivova

177-179,

05 vvv iroXkbv apio-Tos 'A^atcov evyerai elvat.

Kal rore
ovr dp
1

Brj

ddpaijae Kal rjvSa fiavris dfivficov

eu^ciA.779 eTrifie/Kperai, ovff" eKar6fif3rj<;,

IAIAA02
'

A.

aX'x' eve/c

ao^T 7/009, ov
dvyarpa,
1

rjTifnja
/cal ov/c

Ayap.ep,vwv,

ovB' direXvae
rovveic

direBe^ar airoiva.
?}S'

95

dp aXye' eBwKev

'EicrifioXos,

ert Bd>aei

ovB' 6 ye irpXv

Aavaolatv deucea Xotyov airwaet,

irplv

dirb irarpi (piXa) Bo/xevai eXcKcoiriBa Kovprjv

lo

aTrpidrrjv, avdiroivov, dyecv 6' leprju efcaTop.{3r)v

e'j

Xpvarjv

'

tot

tciv p,cv

iXao~adp,evot jreTrldoifiev*

Agamemnon
"Htol oy
,

wrathfully consents, but insists on obtaining another gift in place of her.

&>? eliratv /car

dp e^ero

'

roiai B dvea-rr}

rjpco<;

Arpeihri<i evpvicpeiwv 'Ayapifivcov,

d%yvp.evo<;

/ieveo? Be p,eya <ppeve<; dfufiifieXcuvai

irifMirXavT,

oaae Be ol

irvpl Xap.ireroaiVTL it/cnjv,

KaX^avra irpeoTio-ra kclk 6<ra6p,evo<; irpoaeenrev Muvtl Kdicayv, ov TrdiTTOTe pot to Kpr\yvov eliras
alec rot to,

I0 5
'

KaK

ecrri <piXa <ppeo~l

ttco et7ra9 e7ro<>,

fxavreveadat,

icrdXbv
ical
el)?

o"

ovre ri

out

eTeXecro~a<;

vvv ev Aavaolat Oeoirpoirewv dyopeveis

Br)

tovB' eveicd

o~<f>tv

'Ek7)/36Xo<;

dXyea

Tev^ei,

I0

ovveK

iycb Kovprjs Xpvo~r)(Bo<;

dyXd' ditoiva

ovk edeXov Be^aaOai, eVet ttoXv fiovXofiai avrrjv

oXkoi e%et,v.
KovpiBir)*;
teal

yap pa

K.XvTaip,vrjcrTpr)<; TrpofiefiovXa,

dX6%ov,

eVet ov e9ev icrrt ^epeicov,

ov Bep,a$, ovBe

(pvr}v,

ovr dp (ppevas, ovre ri epya.

1*5

aXXa

/cal to?

ideXco Bofievat, irdXiv, el to

dp,etvop*

fiovXofi eya>

Xabv

croov efifievai.

i)

d-KoXeadai.
fxrj 6lo<;

avrdp

e'/iol

yepas avTi% erotp,daaT, o<ppa

eireX

'Apyeicov dye'paaros ew,

ovBe

eoiicev.

Xevtr&eTe yap to ye navres, o fioi yepas ep^erai aXXr).

120

'

; ;

IAIAA02

A.

Achilles says he shall have

reviles

it when Troy is sacked: Agamemnon and threatens him, yet orders Chryseis to be restored.

Tov
7TW?

8' r/fieifieT

eirena

7roBdp>cr)<; 8109

'A^iXXevs

ArpetBr) tcvBiare, (pikoKTeaixarare iravrav

ydp tov Bwaovat yepas

fieyddvfioi 'Amatol

uuBe ri ttov IB/nev vvrjia Keifieva TroXXd

dXXa rd
Xaovs
8'

fiev iroXlcov e^eirpad o fiev,

rd BeBaarai,

I2 S

ouk eirkoLKe iraXiXXoya ravr eirayelpeiv.

fiev

dXXa au
rptTrXfj

vvv W)v8e dew Trpoes

avrdp 'A%aiol
zee iroQt,

rerpaTrXfj t dtrorLaofiev, at

Zev<;

Bwat ttoXiv Tpotrfv evretyeov e^aXaird^ai. Tov 8' dirafiet^ofievos irpoaecpr) /cpeiav Ayafiefivav fir) Br) ovtoos, dyaOos irep ecov, OeoeUeX' 'A^tXXev,
'

'

'3

fcXeTrre vow, eirel

1

ov irapeXevaeat, ovBe

fie TreLaet,*;.
e/i

i)

edeXets oepp avros e%#? yepas,

,

aurdp

auTa>?

rjadat Bevo/xevov, tceXeat, Be fie rrjvB' diroBovvat

dXX

el fiev

Bcoaovai yepas fieyddufioc 'Amatol,

dvfiov, 07Tg)9 dvTai~tov carat,

dpaavres /card
el Be
rj

'35

Ke
rj

fir)

Bcocoaiv, eyco Be icev

iu>v

avros eXa/iai
'OBvafjos

reov

Atavro?

yepas,

r)

d^a) eXcov

6 Be icev Ke^oXdiaerat,, ov tcev i/coofiai.

aXX
vvv
e'9

rjToi fiev
B'

ravra fieracppaaofieada

real avrt<;.

'4

dye

vr)a fieXatvav epvaaofiev els

dXa

Blav,

8'

eperas

7riTr)Be<; dyetpofiev, e? 8' e/caTO/ifirfv

8'

deio/iev,
{3r/aofiev
i)

dv
'

avrrfv XpvarjtBa KaXXtirdprjov

Be' Tt<?

eh

ap^os
rj

dvrjp (3ovXr)(p6po<i earw,

145

Aias,

rj

'IBofievevs

Bios 'OBvaaevs,

r)e

av, IIijXeiBrj, Trdvrcov etcrrayXoTar dvBptov,

rjjiiv

0(f>p

Eicdepyov tXdaaeat, iepd

pea<;.

'

'

IAIAA02
Achilles replies
:

A.

We have fought and toiledfor you, and now you

:

threaten to take our spoil from us

I will return
7ro'Sa?
o)/ei><?

to

Phthia.

Tbv

S'

dp viroBpa IBwv Trpoaefa]

A%t\\ev<;

w
fVj.
rj

p,oc,

dvaiBeiTjv e7rieip,eve, icepBaXeocppov

'

oTTcii?

Tt? rot, 7rp6<ppa>v enrecnv irei6r)Tat

?;

Ayaiwv,
;

6Bbv i\.0ep,evai,

dvBpdaiv
eveic

tcpi

p,d%eo~6aL

ov yap eya> Tpdxav Bevpo pUfXTjaofievos

rfkvdov al-^ir/Tacov

iirel
/3ov<>

ov Tt

fioi cutiol

etcnv
'55

ov yap

irdiiroT

epAs

rfKaaav, ovBe fiev iinrovs,

ovBe iroT ev $QLy ipi^caXaKC, /3a>Tiaveipr),

icapirov i&TjXijo-avT

kirel

r)

p,d\a

iroWd

fiera^v

ovped re

cr/cioevra,
a)

OdXacrad re rj^ecraa

dWa
777309

aoL,

p,ey dvaiBes, dpu

ecnr6p,ed\ oeppa crv

'yaiprj'i,

Tiprjv dpvvfievoi

Tpdxov

MeveXdtp,

o~ol re,

Kwoura,

to)v ov ti p-eTaTpeirr], ovB' d\eyiei<;

airro<? dcpaipijcreadai, dTreiXels,
I

6a
-

Kal

Zrj p,oi

yepas

4\AJ5_A^-ft /*A

i/V^o^

^tti

7roW'

ijioyriaa^

Boaav Be

p.oi vle\

'

A-yatoiv^y^

ov p-ev aoi iroTe laov e^to yepas, ottttot 'A%aiol

Tpdxov

e'7repo"a)cr'

ev vaiop,evov irToXiedpov
l

dWa
%ei/?e9

to fiev irkelov 7roXuai'o<? iroXepoio

&5

epal

Bieirovo-'

drdp

r\v

ttotc Bacrp,b<; iktjtcu,

8'

aoX to yepas iro\v p,elov, iya)

okiyov re <pikov T6
Tro\ep,ia>v.

epXop?
,

e-)(a>v eirl in)a<i, eirei zee /cdp,co

vvv B

elp-t

$dir)vB\ eVet
vqvo~l

r)

iro\v cpepTepov ecrnv,

ot/caBi' Xp.ev o~vv

Kopwvlcnv

ovBe

otco,

*7 C

evddB^ aTipLos

ediv, d(pevo<i

Kal itKovtov d<pveiv.

scorn,

Agamemnon answers with

Tbv
8' r)p,ei$eT

and vows
'

to laieBriseisf

Achilles' captive, from him.

eireiTa aval; dvBpcov

Ayap,ep.va>v

$evye p,d\\

el toi 0vp,bs eTrecrcrvTai,

ovBe

eycoye

IAIAAOS
eiveic

A.

Xiacropai

epelo pukveiv

Trap epotye icai aXXoc

*75

01 kg fie rtprjaovcn,

p.dXicna Be prjTiera Zevs.

ej0rTO9 Be fxoi iacn Aiorpecpecav ^acrCXrj(ov'

alel
el

yap

tol epis re

(piXrj,

iroXepoi re, p,dyai re.

pudXa tcaprepos

eacrt, 6eo<i irov

aol to y eBwKev.
erdpoiaiv

ocKaS' Icov

avv

vrjvcri

re
'

afj<i teal o~ol<;

MvppuBovecraiv dvacrcre
ovo' 66op-ai KoreovTO?
co? efi
'

credev 8'

eyco

ovk dXeyi^to,

180

direCXy^o-ai he rot eoSe

<&oi{3o<>

a<f>aipeiTai

XpvarjiBa

'AiroXXcov,

rrjv fiev iya>

7refiyfra>,

avv

vrjt

efifj

ical e/xois

erdpotaiv

iyo) Be

k dyco BpiarjiBa tcaXXnrdprjov,

gov yepa$'
6<pp

avro<i la>v KXtairjvBe, to

ev

elBr)*;

185

oaaov (peprepos
laov
ep,ol

elpu aeOev, arvyerj Be /cal

ical

aXXos

<pda6ac

opotadrjpevaL avrrjv.
do in his wrath,
S'

Achilles, doubtful
%s

what

to

is

checked by Athena.
01 rjrop

fL$ <pdro

'

HrjXetwvi,

a%09 yever, ev Be
p,epp,?']pi%ev,

arrjdeaaiv Xaaiotac BidvBt^a

rj

o ye (pdayavov ofu ipvaadp,evos irapd pbr^pov

S'

'9

Tou? fiev dvaarrjaeiev,

rje

^ArpetB^v evapi^ot,

yoXov

iravaeiev, eprjrvaeie re Ovpdv.

ical

eto? o

ravd wppaive Kara <ppeva

i/e
'

Kara Ovpov
,

eXicero S'

KoXeoto p,eya
irpo

l(po<;,

rjXde S'

Adrjvq
195

ovpavoQev

yap

rj/ce

6ed Xev/ccoXevos "Hpij,

eXe TLrfXetrnva,

ap,<pco 0/AC09

Ovpbw (piXeovad re /crjSopevr} re.

/copLrjs

arrj 8' QiriQev, ^avOij^ Be

ota> (f>aivop,evr)
y

twv
'

8'

aXXcov ovn<; oparo.

8'

6dp,fiT)0-ev%B

A^CXev<i, p-era

erpdirer

avrt/ca S'

eyvw
2 o

HaXXaB*
Kal

Adrjvaiijv

Beivoi Be ol

oaae cpdavOev.

fiev (jiatvrfcra'i eirea

irrepoevra TrpoarjvBa

IAIAA02
TYttt avr, alyio%oio Aibs
7j

A.

9
elXijXovOa?
;

t4ko<j,

Xva vfipiv
etc

iBrj

'Ayafie/Avovos ^ArpetBao

dXX*

rot epeto, to Be Kal reXeeaOai olco

$9 {nrepoirXirjac

Ta% av

ttot 6vp.ov oXecra-rj.

205

She buis him abate his anger; and he

obeys.

Tbv

8'

avT Trpoo-eenre 6ed

yXavK(t>7n,<i A@i')vt}
/ievo<;,

rfkOov eyco iravcrovaa to abv

al Ke

iriOrjai,

ovpavbOev

'

irpo Be

fi

fjice

ded XevKcoXevos "Hpr),

2 *0

afi(pcii o/z<u9 6vp.cp (pCkepvcrd re kt)Bo/j,6i>t) Te.

aXX' dye, Xi}y epiBos, aXX' ^ Tot

a>8e

fxrjBe %i<po$ eX/ceo

%etpt"
irep.

eireo-iv fiev 6veiBio-ov, &>9

eaeral

yap

e^epeto, to 8e /cat rereXeafievov ea~ra>'

Kal wore rot rpls roaaa irapeaaerat dyXad 8<opa

v(3pto<; eiveica rijaBe
'

crv 8' ?o~%eo, iretOeo 8' rj/xlv.

Tip 8' a7rafj.eij36fMvo<;Trpocre(p7iTr68a<; &>i>9 'A%iXXevs

Xpi)
/iei/ o-<j)(0iTep6v

215

ye, 6ed,

eVo? elpvo-cracrdai,

Kal fxdXa irep

09
/ce

Ov/jlu)

Ke^oXcofievov

&>9 7a/? dp,eivov.

0eoi9 eTTLTTeiOrjTai, fidXa

kcotttj

r eicXvov avrov.

Jf al eV dpyvpey
8' e?

a^ede

X e ^P a

/3apelav
220

a-v^r

KovXebv were

/i-eya

f t</>09, ou8'

diridrjo-ev

/iu#&> 'Adr)vair)<;

77

8'

OuXv/i7roi/8e

fieftyjtcet

Bcofiar

e'9

alyioyoio Aib$ pberd Baip.ova<; aXXoi/9.

Achilles charges

Agamemnon

staff that the Greeks will one

with cowardice : and swears by his day find the want of him.

IlTjXeiBrjs 8' etjavTis aTapTijpols eTreecraiv

ArpetBrjv irpocreenre, Kal ovirw Xrjye "yoXoio

Olvoftaph, Kvvbs
ouTe 7TOT
e'9

o/xf^ar

e-^wv,

KpaBlyv
r

8* eXdcfroco

225

iroXefiov dp.a Xa<o do3p q-^6rjvac,

'

lO

IAIAA02

A.

ovre Xo-^ovS' levai crvv dpiar^eaatv

rerXTjicas dv/ao)
t)

'

Aycuiav

to Be

rot, tcrjp

etBerai ehvai.
'

ttoXv

Xco'iov

iart Kara arparov evpvv

Ayaitav
230

8&p
r)

aTroaipelcrOal, 6'crTi? aeOev dvriov

eiirrj.

Srjfiofiopos fiacriXevs, iirel

ovriBavolcnv avdacreis
Xw^rjcrato.

yap

civ,

ArpetBr), vvv

varara

dX~\! etc roi ipeco, tcai iirl pteyav opicov bp,ovp,ai

val /xa roBe crrcrJTTTpov, to puev oinrore (pvXXa

cpvcrei, eTretSr)

teal obi>9

rrpwra

rop,rjv iv opeacri

XeXonrev,

2 35

ovB' dvaOrjXrjcrei,

irepl <ydp pa, e ^aX/co? eXeyjrev

<pvXXa re koX (pXotov

vvv avre

fxiv vie?

^A^ai&v

iv 7ra\dp,r)<; cpopeoveri BiKacnroXoi, o'ire difitara<;

7T/309
r)

Aihs elpvarac o Be rot fieyas

'

ecraerat, op/cos'

ttot

A^iXXr}o<; iroOr/ i^erat via? 'A^aicov

240

o-vfjuiravras

tois

6"

ov tl

Bvvtjcreai dxyvp,et>6$ irep

v<p

Xpaio-fielv, evr

dv 7roXXol

"E/CTopo<> dvBpocpovoio

OvrjcricovTe*; ir tinmen

av

S'

evBo0c 6vp,ov dp,vget$,

ywopbevos, 6 r dpiarov 'A^atcov ovBev eriaas.

'

iT2?

(pdro IlrjXeiBr)*;

ttotI Be

aKr\inpov /3dXe

yaij],

245

'Xpvcrelois tfXoiai 7re7rap/j,evov, eero 6

avrof

The aged A Testor advises moderation : let them listen to him, as heroes of old have done, and lay aside wrath.
'ArpetBr)?
7)8ve7rr)<;

S'

erepcodev

iptrjvte.

rotai Be Nearcop
dyopr/rrj?,

dvbpovae, Xtyvs

UvXiwv

rov

/cat

drrb yXwaarjs pteXtro? yXvKtcov peev avBrj

250

tc5 8' rjBrj

Bvo ptev yeveal ptepoircov dvdpcoircov

ol rrpoadev dpta rpd<pev r}& iyevovro

i<p9la6\
iv

o'C

UvXcp

r)ya6er), pterd Be

rptrdrotatv dvacrcrev

a<ptv iv <ppovea>v dyoprjaaro ical pLereeiirev

AIAAO2

A.

II

*fl 7ro7rot,
77

?}

fieya irevdos 'Amentia yalav itcdvei'

2 55

Kev yrjOtjaat Upiap.0?, Upidfxoio re 7ral8es,

aXXoi re Tpwes p,eya Kev Ke^apoiaTO dvfiw,

el acptolv

rd8e irdvra irvdoiaro p.apvap,evouv,

0$ irepl fiev fiovXrjv

Aavawv,

irepl 8'

e'crTt"

fid^eaOai.
26o

dX\a
q8t)

iriQeaff

aficpco

8e vecorepco earbv

ifielo.

ydp

ttot eyco Kal dpei'oaiv, rjeirep vfiiv,

difiLXrjaa,

dv8pdaiv
ov ydp

kcu ovwore

fi

01

ddepifrv.

ttco roiou<i

l8ov dvepas ovSe

X8u>fiat,,

olov Heipidoov re

Apvavrd

re, iroifieva Xacov,

Kaivea r
KapTurroi
Kaprtaroi

'E^d&iov re Kal dvriOeov IIoXv(p7]fiov.

2 &i

[Qrjaea r AlyetSrjv, eirteiKeXov dOavdroiaiv.]

87}

Ketvoi hriyQovLuiv rpd<pev dv8p5iv

fiev

eaav, Kal KapTiaroi? efid-^ovro,

(prjpalv opecTKcaoLcn, Kal eKirdyXoy^

dirdXeaaav

Kal fiev Tolaiv eyoi fiedofitXeov, K IIvXov eXdcov,

TrfXodev i dirir}^
yat'779
efi

KaXeaavro yap avroi'

'

2 7

Kal fia^ofiTjv Kar

tcov, 01

avrbv eydi

Keivocai 8 av

ovra

vvv fipoToi elaiv 7Tl^66vtOC, fia^eoiro.

Kal fiev fiev fSovXewv %vvtev, ireidovTO re fivdw.

dX\a
p,T]T

iriOeade Kal

vp,p,es.

eirel

ireideadai dfieivov.
275

av tov8\ dyaOos
gk
ol irpwra

irep em>, diroaipeo Kovprjv,

aXX,' ea,

86aav yepas

vies

'A^aiwv

p.i]T crv, IIt}Xi8t],

edeX* epi^efievai /3aen\?}i'

dvTiftiTjv

'

errel oinro$' ofioiijs efifiope rifii)?

aKrjinov-)(0^ fiaaiXevs, u>re

el 8e <tv

Zevs

kv8o<> e8coKev.
fii'jTrjp,

KapTepos eaai, Oea 8e ae yelvaro

280

aXV

ye (peprepos earcv,

eVa

irXeoveaaiv dvdaaec.
"

^Arpetdr],

av

8e Trade rebv p,evo$

ai/rap eycoye
o?

Xiaaopb
'

'^4^t/\.X?}t fiedep,ev

^okov,

p,eya traaiv

epKos A-^aioiaiv TreXe^at rroXe/xoio KaKoio.

'

12

AIAAO2

A.

Agamemnon pleads that Achilles' pride is intolerable : and Achilles replies that he will not obey. As for the maiden, he will not resist

her surrender : but he

defies

them

to take

any thing

else.

Tov
val
Br)

S' a.7ra/ietySo/ievo? nrpoaetyrj

Kpeiwv 'Ayape/mvcov
fiolpav eenres.

'

2 &5

ravrd ye irdvra, yepov, Kara

aXX?

oB' dvrjp iOeXec irepl Trdvrcov efi/mevai

dWa>v,

irdvrwv
iraai,

fiev /cpareeiv edeKec, iravreaai, S' avacrcreiv,

6ta>.

Be arj/xalvecv, d riv ov irelaeaOai,

el Be fiiv al^firirrjv

eOeaav deol alev e'oWe?,

2 9

Tovve/cd oi irpodeovcnv ovelBea fivdr]craa6at,

rj

Tov 8* dp" v7ro/3Xr]Brjv rjpbeijBero Bios 'i^tXXeu?' yap Kev BetXos re real ovTiBavos KaXeoipbrjv,
irav epyov virel^ofiai, ottl Kev
Br)

el Br) crol

etTrrjs'

dXXoicriv
arjfiaiv
'

ravr eTriTeXXeo, fir) yap efioiye ov yap eyd) y en o~ol ireiaeadai, otco.
S' ivl <ppecrl

295

aXXo
ovre
tG>v

Be toi epeco, o~v

ftdXXeo afjatv

%epcrl fiev ovrot, eyd) ye fiayjfcrofiai e'iveKa Kovprjs,

o~ol,

ovre rq> dXXw,

iirel fi
dor}

dcpeXeaOe ye B6vTe$
vrjl'

8'

dXXoov, a fioi
Tt
(f>epoi<;

ecm

irapd

fieXalvrj,

twv ovk dv
el S'

aveXcov deKovros

efielo.

dye

firjv 7reiprjaai,

iva yvdooicri KaX olBe'

epwr)o~ei, irepl

alyjrd too alfia

KeXaivbv
is

BovpL
offered.

Chryseis
,v

sent away,

and sacrifices are

/2? r(o
dvarr']Tr]v

y
'

avTiftioio-L fia^rjaafievoo eireeo~o-iv,

Xvaav

S'

dyopr)v irapd vr/valv 'A^accou,

35

IIr)\et8r)<; fiev eirl KXicrias

tfle

Kal

vr)a<; ei'cras
*

'ArpeiBris
is 8'

avv re MevoirtdBr) Kal oh erdpoio-iv S' dpa vrja 6or)v dXaBe irpoepvao-ev,
hperas eKpivev eeUoaiv, e?
S'

eKarofifSqv

IAIAA02
/S/)ere

A.

13
13

Beat'

dvd Be XpuarjiBa /caWnrdpyov

elcrev dycov

kv

8'

dpyo<$

efii] iroXvfii]Ti<i

OBvo-aev<;.

01
Xaois
epBov

fiev eireLT
8'

dvafidvre? eTreirkeov vypd ie\ev0cL,

'ArpetBr]? drroXvfiaiveadat dvwyev.

el<>

oi 8' direXvfiaivovTO, ical

8'

a\a Xv/xar efiaWov

3*5

'AttoWcovl TeXrjeo-aas e/caT0/x/5a?

778'

ravpcov
Kviarj 8'

alycov irapd Blv d\b<> drpvyeroto

l/cev, e\icro~op.evT) irepl

ovpavbv

Kairvw.

Agamemnon
*{!<;

sends heralds tofetch Briseis from Achilles* tent.

oi fiev

rd irevovro Kara arparov

iirrjTreiXrjcr'

ov$

'

Ayajie/JLvav

\rjy epiBos, rrjv nrpoirov

'A%i\r}Z.
3 20

aXV

6 ye Takdvftiov re

ical

Evpvfidrjjv irpoo-eetTrev,
,

too oi earav ferjpvice ical OTpripoa depdirovre'

"Epxeo~dov

k\io~itjv Il7]\r]'idBe(o

A^iXy]o<;

^etpo? eXovr dyefiev BptarjCBa tcaXknrdpyov

ei Be ice p}] Bcotjciv, iya> Be

Kev avTos eKcofiac

ical

e\6a)v avv irXeoveaac

*/2>? eiiriav irpotei,

to oi

piyiov earat.

3 25

xparepbv

8' eirl

fivdov ereWev.

They go reluctantly : but Achilles welcomes them and gives them the maiden, making them witnesses of his wrongs.
TQi 8' de/covre fid\rr)v

irapd 6lv Xo? fiTpvyejoio,

/cXicrt'a? ical vrjas iiceaQT)v.

MvpfiiBovcov

8' e7ri

re

tov

8'

evpov irapd re
'

icXiairj

koX

vrji /j,e\aivrj

tffievov

ov8'

dpa

rco

ye IBoov y^drjaev
1

'i^iXWs.

33c

to) fiev Tapf3i']o-avre

ari]T7]v,

koX alBofievco ^aai\.i)a

ovBe ri fiw irpoae<f)(oveov, ovS epeovro.

aindp

eyvw

f)criv

evl <ppeo~i, (fxovTjaev re'

Xaipere,

Kijpvieei,

Albs dyye\oc

r/Be

koX dvBpav,

14

AIAA

A.

daaov
o

It

ov tl

pot,

vppes

eirairioL,

aX\! Ayapepvcov,
'

335

cr<<wt irpoiei

Bpicn]tBo<i e'Lveica Kovprjs.

d\X' aye,
tcai acpcoiv

A toy eves

JJarpoKXets, e^aye /covpr/v

to> S' auT&)

So? ayeiv.

pdprvpoi

ea-rcov

irpos re 6eo>v pa/cdpcov, irpos re dvrjTwv dvdpdoTrwv,

KaX

7T/30?

rov ftaaikrjos

dirrjveos, el irore Br)

avre

34

%pei) epeto yevr/rai deircea Xoiybv dpvvai

Tot?

aWois.

r)

yap 6 y

okoijjcri (ppeal Qvei

ovBe ri olBe vorjcrai

07T7Tft)9

dpa

rrpbcraw koX OTrlcrcTW,

oi irapa vr/vcrl (tool

payeoivro 'A^aioi.
eTreTreideO'

*S2<;
e/c S'

<pdro

'

HdrpoicXos he (pikw
Bpiarj'iBa
rot o avris irrjv

eraipw'

345

ay aye
de/cova

/c\io~ir}<>

KaWnrdpyov,
irapd vr)as ^AyaiSiv

B<otce o
r) 8'

ayeiv.

dpa

roiai yvvrj Kiev.

Achilles sits alone on the shore,

and complains to his mother

Thetis.

Avrdp
6iv
e</>'

A^iX\,ei)<;

BaKpvaas erdpcov a<pap e^ero vocr<pi \iaa0eis

d\b<; 7ro\ir)s, 6p6a>v iirl olvoira

ttovtov
opeyvvs'

35

iroWd

Be

prjrpl <ptkr) rjprjcraTO, -^eipas

Mrjrep, eirei

ereices

ye pivvvddBiov irep eovra,

riprjv irep pot 6(peXkev ^OXvpirios eyyvaXi^ai,

Zeiss vyjrifipepeTr)?
r)

vvv

ovBe pe tvtOov eriaev.

'

yap

pu

'ArpeiBris eupv/cpeicov
'

Ayapepvwv
avrbs dirovpas

355

r)ripr]aev

eka>v

yap e%ei

ye'pas,

V
She asks him
*f2<;

the cause of his grief.

cpdro Bd/cpv %e<wi>

tov

o e/eA-ue

irorvia prjrrjp,

i)pevq ev fikvQeo~o~iv Xo? rrapd irarpl yepovri.

Kapira\lpo3<i

dveBv

7ro\ir)s aA.09, r)vr

opl-^V'

AIAAO2

A.

15
360

teal

pa Trapoiff avroto fcade^ero Bdicpv ^eovro^,

fiiv icarepe^ev,
;

yeipl re

eVo? r ecpar,
rl Be

etc

r ovofia^ev
Trevdos

Teicvov, tl fcXalet?

ere <ppeva<; i/cero

e^avBa,

fir)

icevde

vow

tva eXBofiev dficpco.

He

tells the tale,

how Chryses took his daughter back, and Agamemnon stole away Briseis.
it poae<^r\

Ttjv Be ftapv cnevdyasv

iroBas

a>/cv<;
;

A%tWev<;

otada

'

re
,

r)

rot ravr elBvcr] irdvT dyopevco

3^5

<px6f^e6 e? Q/jfirjv, leprjv tt6\iv

'HenWo?,
ivOdBe irdvra'

tt)v Be BieirpdQofiev re, /cal ijyofiev

zeal

ra

fiev ev

Bdaaavro fierd

crcplaiv vies 'A-^aicov,

e/c 8'

e\ov ^ArpeiBrj XpvarjiBa tcaXknrdpyov.

8'

Xpvcrrjs

avd\ lepevs
vi)a<;

e/caTrjfio'kov

'AttoWwvos,

37

rjXde 0oa<i eVt

Ayaiwv

yaK.Koyjjrwvwv,

\vo~6fievos re Ovyarpa, tpepcov

r direpeiac airoiva,

arefifiar eytav ev ^epalv efcr)/36\ov 'AiroWcovos

'Xpvaew dvd aKrjirrpw, koX ekio-aero irdvras 'A%aiov<>,

'ArpetBa Be fidXiara
evB*

Bvco, Koafirjrope \acov.

'

375

dWoi

fiev irdvres iirev(j>r)fir)G~av

Ayaioi,
airoiva'
dvfiu>,

alBeiaOai

#' tepija, teal

y

dy\ad Be^dai
8' eirl
'

dXX' ovk 'ArpetBr) Ayafiefivovi ijvBave

dXkd aw?
Xcoofievos

d<piei,

tcparepbv

fivOov ereWev.

B' 6

yepcov irdXiv <px er0

T0 *

&

'AiroWeov /

Z&

evijafievov rj/covaev, iirel fidXa 01 c/Xo<? r)ev.

fjtce S'

eV

'Apyeioiai Katcov /3eXo?

01 Be

vv Xaol

Qvr\cncov iirao-crvrepoi'
iravrrj

ra

8'

eirw^ero Ki)\a deolo

dfifii

dvd arparbv evpvv

'70)

'A-^aicov.

Be fiavri?
385

ev

etSa><>

dyopeve deoirpoirlas 'E/cdroio'

irpcoros Kekofirjv debv iXdcnceo-Oaf

avTitc

IAIAA02
'

A.

^Arpeiwva
rr)v fiev

eireira

^0X09 Xdftev
Br)

afya

S'

avacrras

rjirelXwaev pbvdov, o

TereXecrfxevos eartv.

65

yap avv vrfc dor} iXl/ccoTres 'Amatol Xpvarjv irepuirovo'tv, ay ova c Be Bwpa ava/cTC
vkov Kkiairjdev eftav KrjpvKes dyovres

39

tt)v Be

Kovprjv Bptarjos, rrfv fioc Boaav vies 'A^aicov.

And
dXka
rj

bids her ititercede with Zeus, by her former services to him,

to
crv, el

aid the Trojans.

Bvvaaal

ye, irepia^eo iraiBbs 6*709

eXdovcr Ov\vp,ir6vBe

Ala

\iaat, el irore
r)e

Br]

ri
395

eiret wz/^cra? KpaBlr/v

Aios,

koX epym.

TroWd/ci yap aeo irarpos evl fieydpoiaiv aKovcra

ev^opLevris, or
oirj

e(pt]a6a Ke\aive<pel Kpovlcovt,

ev aQavcnohcriv aei/cea \ocybv dyJuvai,

oirTTore p,iv ^vvBrjcrat 'OA,u/7rtot rjdeXov aXKoi,

"Hprj t

r]Be UoaeiBdwv ical UaX\d<; 'Adrjvr). aXkd av rov y eXdovaa, Bed, vTreXvcrao Becr/xeov, (0% e/caroyxeipov KaXeaaa e'9 iiaicpbv "OXvlittov,

40

bv Bpidpecov tca\eovo~t deol, avBpes Be re iravres

Alyalwv 6 yap avre ftir) ov iraTpos afxelvcov 09 pa irapd Kpoviwvc KaOe^ero, KvBel yatcov

45

tqv Kal inreBeiaav

p,d/cape<; deol,

ovBe r eBrjaav.

tcov vvv puv pbvr]aao-a Trape^eo, Kal A.a/3e yovvwv,

at Kev

7rto9

eOekrjcnv eirl Tpooecratv dpfj^at,

7rpvp,va<>

roixf Be

Kara

re Kal

dfjLcf

d\a eXaai

'A^atoii?
4 Ia

KretvofAevovs, iva rrrdvres eTravpcovrai /Sao"tX.?;o9,

yv<a Be Kal 'Arpe'cBiis evpvKpeicov AyaLcefivtnv

'

rjv arr/v,

6 r apiarop

'

Ayaioiv ovBev ertaev.

IAIAA02
She grieves for Aim, but (promises

A.

17

to

from

his banqueting with the Aethiopians.

S' rjiielfieT

pray Zeus, when he return* Then she departs.

Zaicpv %iovo-a'

Tov

eireiTa Qti<;

Kara

/xoi,

tckvop

ifiov,

tL vv

<t

eTpecpov, alvd

TeKovaa

affi ocpeXes irapd vt]va\v aSd/cpvTO? Kal dirrjfiayv

4'

rjerdae eVet vv rot alcra fiivvvdd irep, ov ti pudXa Sijv

vvv

'

ap,a

(b/cufjLopo'i

Kal 6ivpb<; irepl irdvTcov

iv /Meydpoicrtv.

eVXeo

tw

ere icaicf) alcrrj reicov

e'77-09

rovro 8e tol ipeovaa

elpC avTt) Trpbf
u

Ad' rep7riKepavv(p
d-ydvvc(pov, at K 7ridi]Tai.

O\vfnrov

4 2

ttXXa ai) p,ev vvv

firjvi

vrjvcrl irapijfievos
8'

a)KV7r6poiaiv

'Axatoiaiv, iroXep.ov
69 'fl/ceavbv

diroTraveo 7rdp,7rav.

Zevs yap
^#to9

per

dp,vp,ova<;
S'

AWcoTrfjas

eftr]

Kara Balra,
elpu,

Oeol

ap,a irdvres cttovto'

425

Bcooe/cdrr] Si rot

avris eKevaerat Ov\vp,7r6v8e,

Kal tot eTrend toc

Abbs

irorl %a\Ko(3aTe<; Ba>,

Kal piv
*S2>i

<yovvdcrop,at,
(pcovt^craa

Kai

p.iv nreicreadat otco.

'

dpa
(3irj

d7re/3i]crGTo

tov

S'

e\iir

avTov
43

^w6pt,evov
Trjv

KaTa

Ovpubv

ivfavoio ryvvatKos,

pa

deKOVTOf diryvpoiv.

Odysseus arrives at Chryse,

and restores

Chryseis.

AvTap
e'9

'OSucrcrev?

Xpvarjv 'Uavev, wyoiv

c>'

leprjv eKaTopbfirjv.

01

OT

8rj

\ip,Vo$ 7ro\v(3evdio<> eVro9 ckovto,

'

io~Tia p.ev

GTeCkavTO, Oecrav

iv vrfc

pekaivy

icttov 8' icrTohoKr) TreXaaav, TrpoTovoitnv ixpevTes,

Kap7ra\ip,a><i
y

'

ttjv S' et? opfiov irpoepea-crav eper/iot9.

435

eK o evvds efiaXov, KaTa Se irpvpLvr]at eSrjaav

'

IAIAA02
&e
teal

A.

i/c

avrol ftalvov

iirl

piqypZvi daXdaarj^'

i/c 8*

eKarofi^Tjv /3i]crav
1/7709 /3t)

tcr)/36Xa>

'AttoXXwvc
'OSycrcreu?

k he Xpvcr7}i<i
Ti)v /xev eireir

irovroiropoio.

eirl ftoofiov

dycov

iroXv^Td

44

Trarpi (ptXtp iv %epcrl ridei, teat p,iv irpocrienrev

9

/2 Xpvcrr), 7rpo

fM

eTrefiyjrev dvat;

dvSptov Ayap,fiv(ov
'

',

iralhd Te

crol ayi/jiev, <&olfia> 6" leprjv /caT6p./3r]V

pe^aL virep Aavacov, otyp iXaaoixeada dvatcra,

o? vvv 'Apyeiotcri iroXvarova Krjhe
icprj/cev.

445 avert the plague.

Chryses receives her gladly,

and prays Apollo

S'

to

*/29 eliratv iv %epo"t riOei' 6

iSetjaro yaipiov

iral&a epiXTjv' toIS' &tca 6eu> fcXeirrjv /caT6p,/3rjv

^eL7]<i

earrjaav ipBpbrjjov irepl J3a>fi6v

o

yepvtyavro

eiretra

zeal qvXo-)(y^rcb<i

dveXovTO.

roccriv 8e Xpvcrrjs pbeydX^ ev-^ero, j(elpa<i

dyaayoov

45

KXvdi fiev, 'A.pyvpoToi;\ o? Xpvcrrjv dp,<pL/3e/3r]ica<i, KiXXav re %a6r)v, TeveSoto re l<pi, dvdcraeis'
rjjjcev hr/

ttot ifiv irdpos e/cXve? ev^a/xevoio,

TifA7)<ra<i fiev i/xe,

776

fieya

6 tyfrao
1

Xaov ^Aycuwv

eVt kcu vvv fioc

roS

iiriKprjijvov ieXScop

455

77877
,S

vvv Aavaoicriv dei/cea Xoiybv dfivvov.

e<par evxofievos

S2<;

rov

'

c?

etcXve 3>ot/3o? AttoXXcov.

They

sacrifice, feast,

and go

to rest.

avrap
p.rjpov'i

iirei

p ev^avTO

teal

ovXoxyTas 7rpo/3dXovro,
real

avepverav p,ev irpcara kcu eacpa^av

eSeipav,

t i^Tap,ov, Kara re

Kvicrcrr) i/cdXvyfrav,
B'

460

hlirrvya TTOtijcravTes, iif avTcov

Kale
o eirl cr^/^779

o)p,o6eT7]aav.

yepcov, 7rl 8'

aWoira olvov

'

IAIAA02
\et/3e
'

A.

19

veoi Be Trap*
iirel

avrbv e%ov irefnrcofioXa

yepcriv.

Kara firjp' eKarj, koi airXdy-^v eirdo-avro, p,iarvX\6v r dpa raXXa, KaX d/jb<f> 6/3eXo7crcv erreipav,
avrdp
anTTTja-dv re ireptcppaBecos,

45

ipvaavro re

iravra.^

avrap avrdp

eirel
,

iravaavro irovov, rervKOvrb re Sacra,

6vp,b<>

Balvvvr

ovBe ri

eBevero BaLrbs
ei;

e'i'b-779.

iirel iroatos ical iBrjrvos

epov evro,

Kovpot /iev Kpr}rrjpa<i iireare^avro irorolo

vctifATjcrav 8'

47

dpa

irdaiv, iirap^dfievoi Beirdeacnv.

oi Be iravrj/iepioc poiXirfj debv iXaaKovro,

p,eXirovre<i

koXov detBovres irair'jova, Kovpoc 'A^aicov, 'E/cdepyov 6 Be (ppeva repirer

*J?/Li05 8' rjeXips
Srj

dtcovcov,

KareBv, koi

iirl tcve(pa<; rjXOev,

1/7709.

475

rore KOi/irjcravro irapd

irpvLcv/]crca

And at dawn
8' 77/-109

rettirn.

r/ptyeveia (pdvij po$oSdfcrv\o<; 'i?a>9,

KaX tot eireir dvdyovro fierd arparbv evpvv ^Ayaitav

roio~iv 8' ttcfievov

ovpov

'iei

eKaepyos 'AiroXXcov.
ireracraav.

oi 8' larbv crrrjaavr ',

dvd b7 iarla XevKa

480

iv

B'

ave/xos irpi/aev p,eaov iariov, dp,(pl Be Kvp.a

1/770? 101/0-779*

arelprj iropcpvpeov p,eydX^ ta^e,

t]

8'

edeev

Kara

Kv/xa, Btairprjaaovaa KeXevOov.

avrdp

iirel
o'C

vrja fiev

p ikovto Kara arparbv evpvv 'A^aioiV, ye jieXaivav iir rjirelpoio epvacrav

8'

4&5

v\frov iirl tyafiddois, virb

ep/xara /xaKpd rdvvaaav

vea<; re.

avrol

8'

ecTKiBvavro

Kara KXiaias re

Achilles pines in solitude.

Avrdp

6 ptjvie, vrjval irapj]fj,evo<; coKviroppiaiv,

1/409,

dioyevjis nrjXrjos

iroBas

ookv<;

'A^iXXei^;

20

IAIAAOS

A.

ovre ttot ei9 dyopr/v rreoXeaieero KvBudvetpav,

49
/er)p,
/

ovre ttot e? TroXefAov

dWa

<pdivv9ecriee cpikov

avdi

fieycov, irodeeaiee 8' dvrr)v

re irroXepLOV re.
t

The gods return, and Thetis makes her prayer

'AX)C 6re
iea\
t

to

Zeus.

Br) p i/c Tolo BlioiBe/edrfl yever\rjd)<i, rore By 7rpo? "O^Xvp,7rov lp~av 6eol alev ipvres
t

7rdvre<> a,fia, 7raiBb<; eov,

r)epirj S'

Zevs
rj

S'

?p%6.

@&rt?

B'

ov XtfOer ieper^ieov 495

0afi,do~crr)<;,

dXX)

y dveBvaero^vpba
}

dveBr) fieyav,ovpavbv OvXvp,-jr6v re'

evpev

evpvojra Kpovifir/v drep fipevov. dXXeov,

5

dtcpordrrj Kopvcpfj TroXvBeipdBos OvXvp.iroto.

leal

pa

irapoiB* avrolo feade^ero, teal Xd/3e yovvatv

Be^irepfj
B'

aicaif)'

ap' vtt avdepeaivos eXovcra,

Xiaao/M6V7) Trpoereenre

Ala Kpovicova
Br) ere

avaiera'
owr/cra

Zed
rj

rrdrep, el irore
rj

fier

ddavdroicnv
ieXBcop

eiret

epyw, roBe

fioc Kprj-qvov

Ttfirjcrov fiOL viov, o? d>/evp.opdoraro<; ctXXcov

55

7rXer

drdp pnv vvv <ye ava% dvBpwv AyapLepbvwv ekeov yap e%et ye'pas, avrb<; dirovpas. r/Tipb^aev

'

dXXa

crv irep fitv rlcrov, 'OXvp.'irie firjrlera

8' iirl

Zev
'

roeppa

Tpeaeerac riQei fepdros,

o^j/j' cXv

A%aiol
510

vibv ifiov Tiereocnv ocpeXXcoerlv re e

rip.fi.

He sits
A

silent
'

and she prays him a second time

ov ri

to reply.

/2? epdro

rrjv S'

irpocrecpr)

vecpeXrjyepira Zevs,

dXX'
a)?

dfcecov Brjv rjaro

@erc<; B\ a>9 rjyjraro yovvoav,

e^er' ep,7re<pvvia, teal eipero Bevrepov

avra'
5!S

Nrj/Aepres p,ev
rj

Br) p,oi

viroo-'yeo zeal leardveverov,

eirj,

aTrbenr,

eVel ov rot

Seo?,

6<pp

ev elBeo,
I

ocraov iyeb fierd rrdaiv drip.ordrr] 6eo<; elpn.

'

IAIAA02

A.

21

He

in

wrath bids her depart, for fear of Hera ; yet assents

to

her prayer.

Tijv Be fiey o^dijaas irpocrecpr] vecpeX-rfyepera

f)

Zevs

St]

Xotyia epy\ 6 re

fi

e^doBoTrrjaac

i<ptf(Ti<;

"Hpy, 6t dv
1)

yH ipidyaiv oveiBeiois eireecrcriv.

//.'

Be Kal avrcos

aieX iv ddavaTOLcrt Oeolcriv

dprjyetv.

2f

vci/cel,

Kal re

p,e

r\m p.&X0 Tpcoeaacv

p,r]

d7*-\d
v

av

pcev vvv avris airoan'xe,

rt vorjcrrj

Hprj

e/xol Be zee

ravra

/xeXijcrerai, oeppa

reXeaaa).
7reTrol6rj<;

el 8'

dye roc KecpaXjj Karavevaopbau, o<ppa

tovto yap % epueOev ye per dOavdroccn p.eytcnov reKfiwp ov yap ifibv irakivdyperov, ovB airarrfkov,

5 25

ov8

dreXevrrjTOV, 6

rt,

Kev

ice<pa\fi

Karavevaco.

After he has nodded, and Thetis has gone, he returns to his throne j but Hera, observant, asksjiim who has been in counsel with him.
*JT,

Kal Kvaverjcriv iir 6(ppvai vevcre Kpoviwv

8'

dp,/3poaiai

dpa

yalTat. eireppuxravTO dva/CTO?

/cparbs air ddavdroto

pbiyav

8'

eXeXi^ev "OXvyirov.

53

T(o y a>? ftovXevaavre Bierp,ayev eh d\a dXro ftaOecav drrr aiyXrjevTos

Zeiss Be ebv irpbs Bcop,a.
Oeol
S'

rj
'

puev

eirena

OXvp,7rov,

ap,a irdvre^ dvearav

e eBea)v, acpov 7rarpb<; evavrlov

fielvai iirepx^^evov,
a>9

ovBe

rt<;

erXr)

a\V

dvrioc ecnav diravres.

535

o /xev ev&a KaOe^er eirl Qpbvov

,

ovBe pnv "Hpij

rjyvoirjerev IBovcr

ore ol avp,(ppdcrcraTO j3ovXa<>

dpyvpoire^a ens, dvydrrjp dXcoco yepovros.

ivTLKa
fcepTop,ioicrt

Ala Kpovicova

irpocnjvBa

T19

8'

av

rot, BoXopLrJTa, 6ea>v crvpuppdxrcraTO

fiovXas

54

'

22

IAIAA02

A.

alei toc (plXov earlv, ifiev airovoafyiv eovra,

icpvirrdhia cppoveovra Sifca^epev

'

ou&e tl

iron

poi

nrpbcppwv TerXrjicas elirelv

e'77-09

otti

vor)crr)<;.

Zeus rebukes her

Trjv
''Hprj,
8' rjueifieT
p,r) or}
'

curiosity.

eyretra irarrjp dvfipcov re Oef)v re

ifj,ov<;

7rdvTas

e7ri^X.7reo ^pLvOovs

545

eihjcreiv

'XjaXsproi rot cctovt,

d\6yq) irep

epvcrrj.

aW'

bv,jiev

e7Ti/ee9 d/cov ep,ev, t ovTi<> eyreiTa t

ovt6 Oefiv wporepos tov y eZperat^ovT dv^poiircov

ov 8e k epcov dirdyevOe dejav ede\a)p,i vomeral,
nr) Tt crv jraina efcacrra Stfipeo^fxrjSe

pbezpXka.

55

She

discloses

her suspicions of Thetis.

Tov

cT rjpbeifieT

eireira (Sowiris irorvta "Hprj

alvorare Kpovihr], irolov tov pvdov eenres

y ovt elpopuat *oirre p,eTa\\u) dWa pdX vkt)\o<; ra (ppd^eat dcrcr edeX-r/ada. vvv cT alvebs BetSoiKa Kara eppeva p,rj ere irapeiirr] dpyvpbire^a Oera, OvyaTijp dkloco <yepovTO<>. rjepir) yap croL ye irapk^ero /cat Xa/3e yovvcov
Kal \lt)v
ere

irdpo^

555

T7j er

6iu>

Karaveverai er >]Tvp,ov
/

a>?

'A^tXrja
'

Tip,r)err)<$,

dXeerrjs 8e 7ro\ea<>

7rl vrjvcrlv

Ayai&v.

With angry
Tr)v

threats he silences her.

<y d'7rapei/36p,evo<; irpoereepri

vecfieXrjyepera

Zev%

560

haipLovirj, alel

pev

oteai,

ovSe

ere Xyjdeo

irpr)^ai S' epirr}^

ov
'

Bvvrjcreac,

aW'

dirb

Ovpov

paXkov epol
el 8' oi)T(0

eereat,

to 8e rot Kal plycov eerrai.

epol peXXet cptXov elvai.

tovt

eerrtv,

IAIAA02

A.

23
5^5

aW'
yu.?;

diceovaa

/cddrjo-o, e/ic3 8'

iiwreideo fivdro

vu Tot ou xpaicr/Mocriv, oaoc deoi etV eV 'OXv/Mirtp,

tcev

dacrov lovB\ ore

*/2<?

toi ddirrovq ^elpas i<p6ia>.

ecpar

eSeiaev 8e /3oa>7U<? irorvca "Hprj

tcafifjq-TO,

*ai

/a'

d/cepvaa

iinyvdji^faaa cplXov Kijp

ar^drjaav

8' dvdfico/jia

Alps deol Ovpavipves.

:

57

Hephaistos counsels submission

Toicriv 8'
" H<fiatcrTo<;

KKvTore^v^

fjpx dyopeveiv,

firjrpl <f)l\r)

eVt

^pa

(pepcov, \ev/cco\.iv(p

"Hprj

ii

6?;

Xouyia epya rao eacrerat, ovo er aveicTa,

iptSaiverov
e5Se,

i 8tj crcpco eve/ca dvrjTcov

iv 8e deolat
icrdXrj?

KoXabv iXavverov ovBe tl Satrbs eaaerat fjSos, iirel ra^epeiova vi/ca.

<f>epeiv Ait, 6(f>pa pirj
8' rjp.lv

575

fiT}rp\ 8' iyco irapdcprj/M, /cal aurr} irep voeovcrrj,

itarpX <pl\(p iirl rjpa

veifcetTjcri iraTijp,

avre

avv

Salra rapd^y.
S%

elirep

i% eSecov <rTu<pe\i^af

dWa
avriK

yap k iOekyaiv 'OXvfnrios d<TTepo7rr)T7)<i yap 7ro\v (pepraros iariv. <tv rov y iireeacri KaOdineadai p.a\a/coiaiv
eireiB'

iXaof 'OXvfiirios eaaerai

i)p2v.

Gives her the cup,

and warns her

to endure.

by his

own punishment

'

J2? ap

(f>T)

/ecu

dvat^as Beiras dp.<piKinreWov

irpocreenrev
KijBofievr) irep,

p-T)Tp\ <pl\r) iv %epcrt Tidei, /cat /xtv

5^3

Terkadi,

firJTep ip*rj,

Kal dvdayeo,

at] ere (ptkrjv irep

Beivo/jbevrjv
'

iovaav iv 6(p0a\fiolaiv
8'

iSco/xai

Tore

ov

8vvijao[x,ai,

d^yv/xevos irep,

yjpaiay^iv dpyaXeos yap 'OXv/ittios avricpepeadai.

24
t]Srj

IAIAA02
yap
S'

A.

fie

koX aXXor d\eip,evai fiep,a(ora

59

pltye, 7ro8o9 reraycov, airo /3r)\ov OecnrecrioLO.

irav

rjpap (pepofxrjv, ap,a

S' rjeXlq)

KaraBvvri,

Kannrearov ev Arjfivq),

6\[yo<; B' Tt Ov/ao? evrjev

evda
'

p,e

XlvTies dvBpe<i d<pap /cofiicravTo ireaovra.

fls (f>aTO

pueLBrjcrev

Be Bed Xev/ccokevos "Upt]

595

fjueiSijaaaa Be ,7raiB6<i iBe^aro %etpt tcvyreXkov.

The gods, with laughter at Hephaistos, banquet

till

sundown,

and then
avrap
6 rol<;

retire to rest.

aWoici

deols iv$et;t,a,7racriv

G>vo%6et, ykvrcv vktcrap airo Kpt]Tr\po^ a<pvcr(ra>v.

aaftecrTOs
eo?

S'

dp evcopro yeXay?

p,a/cdpecrcrt,

Oeoicnv,

iBov "H(f>cucrTov Bta Bcofxara iroiirvvovra,

6oo

*fl<i

rare

fiev nrpoirav, rj/xap, e? rjekiov

rt,

KaraBvvja
^AiroXkwv,

Bacvvvr, oyBe
ov

dvftos efievero BaiTb<;

t

i$o~r)s,

fiev (fropfiiyyos

Trept/caWeos,

v)v e-%

Movadcov 6\

at aeiBov

dp,ei(36fj,evat, oirl Kokfj.

Avrap

eirel

KareBv \ap,irpov fydos

rjeXioio,

605

ol fiev tcatcfcetovTes efiav ol/covBe fcao~To<i,

fiyi i/cdaT<p Bco/xa 7re/>i/cXfTo? 'Ap,(j)iyv7]ei<;,

"H<pai<no$, TTOtrjaev

IBvlrjat, irpanrLBeo~o~iv.

Zevs Be 7rpo? ov Xe^o? rfC 'OXy/7rto9 daTepoirr}T'q<i, evda wapo? Koip,a6\ ore puv y\vKi)<i vttvo? l/cdvoi. evda KadevS dvafids irapd Be ypvaodpovo'i "Hprj.
1

610

THE

ILIAD.

BOOK
Zeus sends a false Dream
to

II.

Agamemnon, encouraging him

to attack Troy.

"AXXoi
aX)C 6

fxev

pa deoi re

/cal^avepes 'nnroKopvcnai

evBov iravvvyioi,

Ala S' ov/c e^e vi)8vfio<$ virvos' * ye fiepp,i)pc%e Kara <ppkva, &><? ^A^iXrja ^
j

Tifiijcrrj,

dXear} Be TroXeas iirl vqvcrlv

A^aiCiv.
jjf*
5

i]Be Be oi

Kara

Ovpbbv dpiaTT] (paiver^fiovXaif,

^

Trefjb-^raL eir

'ATpeiBrj

Ayap.ep.vovt ovXov

"Oveipov
'A%aia)V
10

Kai

ficv (pcovijcras eirea

Tnepoevra irpocnjvBa'
vrja<;

BdcrK Wc, ovXe "Oveipe, 0oa?-^eVt

iXdatv is kXktitjv 'Ayap.epgovosJATpeiBao

irdvra flak! drpeKecos dyopevip,etrfa)<? eVtreWw.

dtuprfeal e KeXeve Kapr] Ko/xocovras 'A^atoiis

iravavBtr]

vvv ydp Kev eXot ttoXiv evpvdyviav

a/Atpl?

Tpcocov ov yap er

'OXvfnrta Sco/iar e^ovres

addvarot (ppd^ovTai
*Hpr) Xiaaop,vr)
,N

eiveyvap^ev yap diravras

15

Tpcoeacrc Be /ojSe i<prJ7TTai.

/2? (pdro

'

fir) S'

dp "Oveipos, eVet rbv fivOov dicovaev.

asleep,

The Dream finds him

and in

the form of Nestor tells

him

the gods are

now

at one to aid the Greeks.

eifl vrjas

KapiraXifias
$r\
S'

8* iicave

Bods

^Ayaiiov

dp

eV

'ArpecZrjv 'Ayap,ep,vova

rbv

S'

e/cfyavev

26
evBovr ev
crTr} S'

IAIAA02

B.

/cXialr), irepX B' dp,/3p6aio<;

iceyyB inrvo?.
2f -

dp virep

KecpaXrjs, NrjXrjtq) vll ioc/ccos,

Nearopi, tov pa p^dXtcrra yepovrcov tV 'Ayafiefivcov

T&> p,cv eeicrdp,evo<i 7rpoo-e<pd>vee delos

"Oveipos'

EvBeis, 'Arpeos vie 8at(ppovo<; tTnroBdfioio

ov %pr) iravvv-^Lov evBeiv fiovXTjcpopov avBpa,

a>

Xaol t 7rtTerpd(paTat
S'

real

roaaa

[Mep,rjXev.
elfii,

2^

vvv
o?

epiedev %vve<; wica'

Alos Be rot dyyeXo<;

?)S'

crev,

dvevdev

iaov,

p,eya KrjBerat

eXeaipet.

dcoprj^al

etceXevcre icapr) ko/jLOwvtcis

Ayaiov<i

iravauhirj' vvv

yap icev eXot,<> ttoXlv evpvdyviav Tpcocov ov yap eV dpupls OXvpuina Bd>p,ar e^ovre^ dQdvarot cppd^ovrai eireyvapb-tyev yap cnravTas
'

"Hprj
ifc

Xicro-opLevri

TpcaecrcrL Be KtjBe' icpfjTTrai,

Ai6s.

dXXd

ai) afjaiv e'^e (ppecrl, p^rjBe o~e XtjOtj

aipelra), evr

dv ae

p,eXicppa>v virvos

dv^y.

In false

confidence,

Agamemnon awakes, arms himself, and at dawn summons the host to a?i assembly.

iT2? apa (pG)vi](ra<; dire^creTo tov ' eXiir avrov Ta (ppoveovr dvd dvyubv, d p ov reXeecrdat e/ieXXov. (pij yap 6 y alptfaeLV IIptdp,ov woXiv 7]p.art icelvw,
'

35

vt]7no<;

6i]o~ei,v

ovBe rd jjBr), a pa Zevs [xrjBero epya. yap eV efieXXev eV aXyed re crrova^d^ re Tpwai re teal Aavaoiac Bid /cparepds vo-p,iva<;.

eypero
e^ero

S' ei;

vttvov

defy Be [mlv dpLcpe^vr opepyj.

8'

8' 6p6a>del<i'

/xaXaicov

evBvve j^irwva,

KaXov, vrjydreov
Troo-o't

irepl Be fieya

/3dXXero (papof

B vtto Xiirapoicnv eByaaro icaXd 7reBtXa'

dp" tofioLo-iv fidXero
gl(po<;

d/M(f)l S'

dpyvporfXov.

45

'

'

IAIAA02
Kara

B.

27

ei'XeTO Be aKrjTTTpov TTctTpcoiov, acpdirov aleC'

crvv to) e/3rj
vi)a<;
'

Aycuuiv yaXKoytrcovayv.

\Ha>? fxev pa 6ed Trpoae^/jcrero p-aKpov "0\vp.7rov,

Zrjvl
<poa><;

epeovaa

/cal

aWois ddavdroLcnv
5

avrdp

6 KrjpvKeacrt \iyv<pd6yyoicn iceXevcrev,

/cdpr) /copLoayvTas
S'

Krjpvaaeiv dyopijvBe
01 p,ev i/cijpvcrcrov,

'Ayaiovs.
)ica.

rot

r/yeipovTO p,dX

First, however, he calls a council

of elders and tells them

his dream.

BovXi) Be irpwrov peya0vp,cov

Nearopej) irapd
tol? 6
vrj'c

le yepovrcov,

TLvXoiyeveos ftao-iXfjos

ye crvyKaXecras itvKivr\v r/prvvero fiovXrjv

(ptXoi
\

'

55

KXvre,

Oeios piot evvirvLov rjXdev "Oveipos

'

apL/3pocri7)v

Bid vv/cra

p-aXicrra Be

etBos re pbeyeOos re
ari]
B'

<pvrjv

Nearopc tw ayyiara ea>rcei. T

pt,e

dp virep

fcecpaXrjs, ical

777309

pJvOov eeiirev
;

evBeis, 'Arpeos vie Ba(<ppovo<; liriroBapiOLO

60

ov yp-q Travvvyiov evBeiv /3ovXr)(p6pov dvBpa,

&>

Xaol t TTiTTpd(paTai,
6

ical rocrcra pbepbrfXev.

vvv

ep,eOev vve<; wica

Aibs Be rot ayyeXos

?}&

elpui,

0? crev, avevOev ecov, p,eya K^Berai

eXealpec.

Owprj^ai

eiceXevcre fcdpr) Kopbocovra^

'Ayaiovs

65

TravavBlr)

vvv yap

icev

e\ot9 ttoXlv evpvdyvcav

'OXvptirta BcopLar

Tpcotov

'

ov yap er

dpL<p\<i

dOdvaroi <ppdovrat
Hpr]
Xicraop,evr}
'

eireyvapi-^rev

eyovra yap diravra^

'

Tpdieaat Be
eye

icr)Be

i<prJ7rrat

ex Aio$'

dXXa

o~v o"f}criv

(ppecrlv.

*fl<i 6 p,ev

elnfov

eT diro'irrdp,evo<i i ep,e Be yXv/cvs vttvos dvij/cev. <*>X

28

IAIAA02
He

B.

will

make trial of the Greeks' spirit, bidding them sail away, while the chiefs must restrain them.
7TO)9

dXA,'

dyer, al Kev
S'

Owprj^o/xev via? * Ayaiu>v.

rj

irpcora
fcal

eycov eirecriv Treiprjcrofiai,

#e/U9 earlvt

(pevyetv crvv vijval TroXv/cXtfiai tceXevcra)

vfiei? S'

dXkoOev aXA.09 epijrvew

eTreecraiv.

75

Nestor replies : Another man we had doubted, but the King's dream must be obeyed.
iiTOi o

a)? eiircov kclt

ap e^ero.
rjv

rotai o aveart]

NeaToop, 09 pa'IIv\oio aval;

9
,

rjixadoevros

6 a(piv ev (fcpovecov dyopi)aaTO kcu fMereenrev

/2
(j>i\oi,

Apyelcov r/yrJTopes
'

rjhe fxeSovres,

el fjuev Ti9

tov ovetpov Ayaiosv aX\o9

/ecu
J

evicrirev,

80

yfrevSos Kev cpaifjuev

voo-cpi&LfxeOa p,a\\ov

vvv

8' t'Sev,

09 p*ey aptaTos

A%aia>v enteral
veeadai.

elvat.

aXhJ dyer, at Kev

*12<i

7TO)9 Ocoprf^o/xev vla<s

^Ayai&v.

dpa

(pcovrfcras /3ofXr}9 e'

vpx

The people swarm in like bees, and the heralds make silence ; Agamemnon, with his sacred sceptre, stands up,
ol
8' eTravecrrrja-av,
,

TrelOovro re iroi/xevi ~ka5)v,

*

85

<rKr]7rT0v)(pt fiacnXrjes

eirecra-evovTO 8e

\aou
*

r/vre

eOvea

elcri p,e\icrcrda>v

dBtydcov

7rTpr)<;

eK y\a<pvprj<; alel veov ip-^ofievdcov

fioTpvSbv 8e irerovrai

eV

avdeaiv elapcvoicriv

al
0)9

fiev

T evOa a\t$

7re7roTi]arat, al Be re

evOa

T(ov eOvea

ttoWA

vecov diro /cal K\i<Tida>v

rjiovos irpoTrdpoiOe /3a0ei7}<;

eaTi^ocovro

'

IAIAA02
IXaBbv eh dyopyv

B.

29
BeByei,

p,erd Be acpiaiv
'

oaaa

OTpvvova

levai,

Atbs dyye\o<i
8'

01 B

dyepovro.
95

rerpyj^et, 8'

dyopy, inrb Be areva^i^ero yala,

\acov l^ovrcov, opuzBos

Ki')pvK$ f3oocovre<;

yv

e'weo 8c acpeaq

epyrvov, etiror dvrfjs

aypiar

',

aKovaeiav Be Acorpecpecov fSaaiXycov.

8'

airovBy

e^ero Xaos, epyrvdev Be icad' eBpas,

rravadfievoi /c\ayyr}<i

dvd Be
p,ev

icpeitov 'Ayap.efj.vcov
"
'

eary,

cr/crJTTTpov

eywv, rb

Hcpaiaros /cape revyyiv

dva/crc

" HcpaicrTOS p.ev Bco/ce

Ad Kpovicovi
He\oin

avrdp dpa Zevs

avrdp
6

Bco/ce Bia/crbpcp

dpyelcpovry
ifXy^iTrTrcp
iroip,evi

'Epp,eia$ Be aval; Bco/cev

avre IleXoyfr Bcok

'Atpel,

*Arpev<; Be Ovya/ccov eXcirev irdkvapvi

Xacov Qveary

lo 5

avrdp
rco

avre Qvear

'Ayap.epvovt \et7re cpopyvac,

rroWrjcnv vyaoiat koX "Apyec rravrX dvdaaetv.

ipeiadp,evo<;

eire

'Apyeioiai p,eryvBa

and speaks : Zeus will not

return,

disgraced, for the Trojans are fewer than we.

Aavaoi, depdirovres "Apyos,

let

us win, as he promised,

and we must

*/2 cptkoi, ypcoe$

no

Zevs

pue

p.eya KpoviBys

dry iveByae ftapeiy

teal

o"%er\io<i, 09 rrp\v p-ev

pot vrzea^ero

/carevevaev

"I\iov e/crzepaavr evrefyeov diroveeaQai

vvv Be

ica/cyv

drrdryv f3ov\evaaro,

ical p.e /ceXevei

Bva/c\ea "Apyos i/ceadai, eVel iroXvv coXeaa Xaov.

[ovrco 7rov Ail"

115

pteWet virepp.evel
iroXicov

cf>i\ov elvai,

05 By
178'

iroWdcov
/cal

Karekvae /cdpyva,
p,eyiarov.~\

en

\vaei

rov yap icpdros earl

ical

alayjpbv yap roBe y earl

iaaop,evoiai irvOeadai.

30
fjLaty

IAIAA02

ovrco roiovBe roaovBe re

Xaov 'A^aicov

airprjKTOv ir6Xep,ov iroXepci^ecv rjBe pud^eaOav

dvBpdcn Travporepoiat,
e'cTrep

reXo<; B' ovirco re rrecpavrat.

'

yap k

eOeXoipuev

AyeuoL re

Tpcoe<; re,

op/cia

mard

ra/xovres, aptOpLTjOripbevai ap,<pco,

I2 S

Tpcoes p<ev Xe^aadai, ecpearioi oggol eacriv,

?)/iet? S'

69 Be/caBa? Bia/coo-p,T)9eip,ev
S'

'

AyaioL,

Tpcocov

dvBpa e/caarov eXotpueda olvoyoeveiv

Bevoiarc olvo%6oio.
7rXea<; epupuevac via? ^Aj^aicov

7roXXal

tcev Be/cdBes
cpijpbi,

rocrcrov iyco

Tpcocov,

o't

vaiovcTL

Kara

irroXiv

aX\? eirUovpoc

13

iroXXecov

i/c

iroXicov iy^ecnraXoi avBpes eacriv,

oi pue pueya rrXd'QovcTi, /cal

ovk

eleoer

edekovra
^i-K-

'IXlov i/CTrepaat, ev vacopevov irroXleOpov.

evvea

Brj

fiefidacu Alb? pueydXov eviavroi,

crecr7)7re

.^
'35

Kai

Bi]

Bovpa

vecov

teal

airdpra XeXvvrai'
vrjina reKva
apupu Be epyov

at Be 7rov r/p,erepat r aXo%oi

e'iar

/cal

ivl pbeydpois 7rortBeyp,evai,

avrco? dicpdavrov, ov eive/ca Bevp itcopecrda.

dXX* aye6\
(pevycopLev

co?

av eycov

elirco,
e'9

ireidcop,e6a irdvres

avv

vrjvcrl cpiXrjv

trarplBa yalav

14

ov yap ert Tpouqv

alpr)crop,ev

evpvdyviav.

The gathering
the wind,
'

is stirred, like

waves or
to

and the Greeks rush

like heads of wheat by launch their ships.

fl<i

cpdro

rolav Be Ovpibv ivl ar^deacnv opivev

iracrt p,era ttXtjOvv, octoi

KtvrjOr) S' dyopi], &>9

ov

/3ovXr}<;

eiraKovaav.

Kvpuara p,arcpd OaXdcrcnj^

nrovrov ^licapioLO, rd puev r

topop eirat^a^ irarpbs Ai6<;

Evpos re N6ro<; re
e/c

H5

vecpeXdcov.

'

IAIAA02
&>9 8'

B.

31

ore

Kivrjcrrj Ze<f>vpo<i

(3adv Xrjlov ekOcov,

rjpiveL

Xa/3oo9 eiratyi^wv,
o9

eiri

da-rayyecratv
8'

Twv iraa

dryopr] Ki\n)dr\.

rol

dXaXrjrm
I

vfjas eir

ecrcrevovTO, iroBwv 8' virevepde Kovit]

Xcrrar deipofievr)

rol

8'

dWrjXoicrt ice\evov

airreaOat, vtjcov

778' e\/ce/j,ev
'

eh aXa
8'

Slav,
Ifcev

ovpovs t ii;/cd6aipov
oi/eaBe iefievtov virb

avrrj

ovpavbv

8'

ypeov epfiara vrjwv.

There might have been mischief; but Hefa stirredup Athena to speak to Odysseus.

*Ev6a
'

fcev

'

Apyeiotcnv virepp.opa
7T/309

v6crro<i ervyOr),

'55

el

p.rj

'Adrjvairjv "Hprj

fivOov eeiirev

*i2 ttottoi, alytoyoio

Alos TKOS, drpvTcovr),

ovTco

Srj

oLKOvhe, <pl\r)v e? irarpCBa yalav,

'Apyeioi (pev^ovrai

eV

evp'ea

vwra

daXdacr-q*;

kclB Be Kev evyaXrjv IIpidfKp zeal Tpcoal Xlttoicv

*6o

'Apyeiijv 'E\ev7)v,

179 e'Lveica

iroWol 'Ayaioiv
;

ev Tpoirj dirokovro

<pi\r)<;

dirb TrarpiSos air)?

dX)C
<70t9
firjSe

tdi

vvv Kara \abv 'Ayaicov yaXKoyndiVQiV

dyavols irreeaatv eprjrve <p<oTa eicacrTOv.

ea vrjas dXaS" eXtcepiev
ecpar

dp.<fii,e\i<rcra<;.

165

*S2<;
j3fj

ovB' aTrldrjcre dea yXavKOiira 'AdijvTj.

Be /car OuXvfnroto Kapr)V(ov di'^acra'

icapira\ip.ai<; 8' 'heave 6oa<;

inl vfjas 'Ayjatwv

pjr\riv

evpev eireiT 'OBvcrija,

Ad

drdXavrov,
17

earaor
drfyov

'

ovB

ye
fiiv

1/7709

ivcrae\p,oco p,e\aivri<;
ical

airier ', eirei

a%09 Kpa8ir)v

Ovfibv "tcavev.

8' larafMevr) irpoaefyr} y\avjc(io7n<i 'AOijvr)'

'

32

IAIAA02

B.

She bids him for shame restrain

the

menj he runs

to obey.

Aioyeve? AaepTidBrj, 7ro\vp,7]^av 'OSvaaev,

ovrco
Btj oltcovBe, (ptXrjv e'9

irarpCBa yalav,
;

<j)evi;ead',

iv vrjeacn 7ro\v/c\,tficn Trecrovres

175

kclB Be icev ev'xeoXrjv Tlpidp.w /cal Tpcocrl \iitolt6

^Ap<yeiT)v 'EXevrjv, ^9 eXve/ca 7ro\\oi 'A%cu(ov

iv

Tpoiy dirokovro,
J

<pl\r)$ airo

TrarpiBos air)?
p,r\Be

a\X

XO 1 vvv

Kara \abv 'Ayai&v,

ipcoei'

04? S' ayavols iireefcnv iprjTve cpcora e/cacrrov,

firjBe
,v

180

ea vfja? akaB'

ek/cefiev dp,<pLe\icraa<i.

i2? fydG'

6 Be tjvveij/ce 6ea<; otra (poovrjadcn)?.

J

/3t}

Be Qeeiv, diro Be '\Xaivav jBd\e

'

rrjv B

i/c6p,to-o~ev

Krjpv^ EvpvfidrTis 'IOa/crfo-ios, 09 oi oirrjBeL.

avrbs

S'

'ATpetBeco

'

A<yap,ep,vovo<; aim'09 iX,0u>v

'^5

Be^aro oi

o-/cf)7TTpov iraTpuiiov,

acpOtrov alei'
%a\icoxiT(ova>v.

avv
The

rc3 eftr)

Kara

vija<;

Ayaiwv

chiefs he

warns

to

beware

lest they

mistake Agamemnon,

and

make him wroth;

"OvTiva
rbv
S'

fiev fiacnXrja /cal

e^o^ov dvBpa

Kiyevr),

dyavols eireeacnv ip^rvaaaKe irapacrrd^

o~e eoi/ce, tcaicov

AaipbovC, ov

w?, BeiBicraeaOat

19

d)0C avTos re

/cdOrjcro, /cal

aXKovf iBpve Xaovs

vlas ^A^aicov.

ov ydp
vvv
fjuev

TTca

adcpa 6lo~6\ olo? voos ^Arpetcovo^'

Treipdrai,
S'

rd^a

B' iyjrerac

iv fiovkfi

ov TrdvTes dicovcrap,ev olov eenrev.

H'V Tl yp\(i>crdpl evo<i pe^rj icaicbv via?

^A^atwv

9S

#17x09 Be p,eya<; iarl AioTpe<peo<; fiacriXrjos'

Tifjirj 8' e'/c

Alos

io~ri, (piKei

Be i p,r]Tiera Zevs.

'

IAIAA02

B.

33

the people,

more roughly,

to be quiet

and obey r

their betters.

*0v
rbv

6"

av

Srjfiov

t dvBpa

tSoc,

ftoocavra

i<pevpoi,

(7K7)7rTp(p e\do~ao~icev

QfAoic\i')crao~Ke

re p,v0q>
2

Aaifiovc, arpefjLa?
o't

fjcro, teal

aWcov

pJvdov a/cove,
ical

aeo <peprepoi

elcri

av

S'

airToXepos

avakKts,

ovt ttot ev 7ro\fiq> ivapidfiios, ovt

evl fiovkfj.
'

ov flip 7tgk nravTes f3atri\evcrop,ev evOdB'

Ayaioi'
2 S

ovk dyadbv

tro\vKoipavirj' et$ /coipavos ecrray,

e49 ftaaikevs, &> eBcorce

\aKVjTnp6v t

rjBe

Kpovov irdi^ dyKvko/j.T]Tea>. depunas, iva o~(f>io~i fiovXevyai.]

The people return

lS

to the assembly, all but the hideous

wretch Thersites,

fL$ 6 ye KOLpavkoav Bieire

arparov

'

ol

8'

dyoprjvBe

aims
VXV>

eirecrcrevovTo vecav airo /cal fcktatdcov

T6

^A"1
p

7ro\u(p\oicr(3oco dakdcrcrri<i
2l

alyiaXq) p,eyd\a> /3pep,erai, crfiapayel Be re ttovtos.

"AWoi

p.ev

<!ovTO, ip7}Tv0ev Be

nab* eBpas.

Oepcrirrjs 0

en

p,ovvo<; d^erpoeirrj^ e/co\a>a,

JJBtj,

05 p eirea <ppeo~lv fjcnv a>cocrp,d re 7ro\\d re

[tdyjr,

drap ov Kara.
ri ol etcraiTO

Kocrp,ov, epi^e/xevat ftacriXevcriv,

aXX 6
(poXxos

ye\ouov 'ApyeLoicnv
erepov troBa
'

2*5

efj,p.evat.

aio-%io-Tos Be dvrjp viro "I\iov rjkOev

7]v,

^a>Xo?

8'

to) Be ol

wpxo

Kvprco, 7rl cnrjOos avvo^aiKOTe

avrap vtrepdev
Xd^vrj.
^OBvo~r)l'
8i'q>

<po%o<; erjv K<pa\i]v, -^reBut) 8' eirevrjvode

e^#i<XTO?
t&j

8'

'A^iXrjl /j,d\io~T

rjv ?)8'

220

yap

veuceiecrK'

tot avr

'Ayafiep,vovi
8' ap'

ogea

/cefc\.T]yob<>

Xey ovelBea' tS
'

'Amatol

eKirdy\(o<i kotcovto, vep,eo-o-r)6ei>

evl dv/MJo.
/j.vdq>

avTap

pa/cpa ftowv

Ayap,ifivova veUee

34

IAIAA02

B.

who

reviles

Agamemnon for his greed, and the people for their

slavishness.

^ArpetBr], reo Br)

avr

i7rip,ip,(peac, r/Be

^o.t/9;

22 5

ifkeiai too ^cCKkov kXiglcli, 7roX\,al Be yvvaZtces

elalv evl

/c\icrlr)<;

ij-aiperoi,

a? toc AyaioX
'

7rp(OTiUT(p BiBopuev, evr

r)

dv irrdkieOpov

eXoofiev.

ert kcl\ %pvo~ov eircBeveai, ov k& Ti? oiaei 2 3

;

Tpcocov i7nro8d/jL(ov ef 'IXlov, vto? airoiva,

ov
r}e

/cev eya) Brjo-as

dydyco,

r)

aWos
;

'Ayaicov

yvvai/ca

veijv,

Xva puiayeat ev (pikoTijTi,

r\vr

avrb<; dirovoacpt tcaTicryeai

ov

fiev eoiicev,
'

dpyov eovra, kclkwv eiri^aaKepuev vlas Ayaiwv*

&

Treirove<i, kcuc

eXeyye

',

^A-)(auBe<i, ov/cer
8'

'Amatol'

2 35

ot/caSe 7rep crvv vqvcrl vecopoeda' rovBe

eoypev

avrov
r)

evl Tpolrj

yepa

ireo'O'ep.ev,

o(ppa tBrjrai,
rje.

pa t/

ol xrjfxels irpoaapuvvopbev,

/cal

ovkl*

09 /ecu vvv ^AyCkrja, eo p.ky

r)Ttp,7)o-v

dpueivova cpcora,
2 4

i\(ov

yap eyei yepas, avTos dirovpa^.

(ppeo~tv,

aXka, p.d\' ovk ^AyiXr)l ^oA.09

r)

dXka

p,edijp,cov'

ydp

av, ^ArpetBr}, vvv

varara Xco^ijaaco.
and threatens himj
'

But Odysseus
*if2<?

rebukes

(paTO veucelwv

'

Ayapbepbvova, iroipeva Xacov,

'

@eocrm?9'
Kai
pu,v

t&> 8' ouca irapiaTaro 810$

OBvcro-evs,

vrroBpa IBeov yakeirw ^vlnraire pv9u>

2 45

Oepair
layeo,

a.Kpitop,v9e, \iyv<; irep ea>v dyopijTijs,

/at70

edetC 0109 epi^epuevai ftaaikevcnv.

creo <pr)p,l

ov ydp iycb

yepecdrepov fiporbv aXkov

epupevat, ocraot, dpi! 'Arpei'Sys biro "I\iov r)\0ov.

IAIAAOS
T&)

B.

35
2 5

ovk av ftaat\r)a<i dvd arop! eywv dyopevots,

re
Trpo<pepot<;,

ical ad>tv bvelBed

vbarov re <pv\aaaai<i.
wr~

ovoe tl
rj

Troy

aacpa

top,ev

07ro)9

carat rate epya,

ev

rje
j/Oi/

/ca/cw? voarrjaoptev vies

[tcS

'ArpeiBr) 'Ayap,ep,vovt,

Ayaiwv. irotp^evt Xa&v,

2 55

rjaat oveiBl^cov, ort oi p,d\a 7ro\\a BtSovaiv

r)pu>$

Aavaol' av

Be /ceprop,ea>v dyopevet?.]

aXX'
el

e/c

rot epeeo, rb Be teal rere\eapevov carat

<?

k ert a* dcppalvovra Kt^aopat,

eiretr

vv irep

a>Be,

fi7]KT
^,7)8'

^OBvarfi

fedpr) coptotatv eTreirj,

tcetc\T]p,evo<} elr/v,

ert T^Xefid^oto irarrjp

eyco

260

el

fir)

ae \af3cbv dirb

fiev <pt\,a

elpara Bvaco,

yXaivdv r r/Be ytrwva, rd r alBSi dp,(pttca\vTrrei, avrbv Be Kkalovra dods eirl vrjas deprjaco
Tre7r\r)'ya)<;

dyopfjdev aeticeaat Tfkrjyfjatv.

so that he sits silenced

and smites him,

A
/2<?

and weeping, while

the

others begin to laugh.

ap
8'

e<pr)

aK^irrpw Be

p,erd<j>pevov rjBe ical Wfico

etcireae

265

ir\rj^ev'

8' IBvcoarj,

OaXepbv Be oi

8d/cpv

apuiBt%

alparbeaaa pteraeppevov i^V7ravearrj

aKrjirrpov vtto

%pvaeov

S'

ap

e^ero, rdpfiijaev re'

d\yr]aa<; o\ d%petov IBcov, diroptop^aro Bd/cpv.

oi he ical d%vvp,evol irep
a>8e Be
Tt<?

eV

avrcp r)Bv

yeXaaaav

270

elireaKev, IBcov e? ifkr}aiov

?}

aXkov

*fl rroirot,

Br]

p.vpt

'OBvaaeix; iadXd eopyev,

/3ov\d<; r edpx(0V

dyaOds, iro\ep,ov re Kopvaacov

vvv Be roBe ptey dptarov ev 'Apyeloiatv epe^ev,

09 rbv Xcoftrjrfjpa eireafiokov

ea% dyopdosv.

27$

ov

6r)v piiv irdXtv

avrts dvrjaet dvptbs dyrjvcop

veticeietv ftaatXija? ovetBelot? eireeaatv.

36

IAIAA02

B.

Athena marshals
,N

the multitude to hear Odysseus.

iT29

cpdcrav

r)

TrXijdvs'

ecrrr), o-/cr)Trrpov

eywv

^p
Xabv

dvd

8'

o 7rroXi7ropdo<; '08vcr<TV<;

8e ykav/cwTTis 'Adtfvr/,
dvooyei,
2 %

el8op,evrj KripvKi, o-iooirdv

<o?

a/xa &" ol nrpwroi re /cal vararot vies

'Ayacwv

pJvQov d/covaeiav, /cal imcppacraaiaro j3ov\r]v

o crcptv

eu <f>povea>v dyoprjcraro, /cal puereeiTrev

He speaks,

of the shame to return empty, and of the great sign of the snake that ate the sparrow and her brood.
Brj ere,

^ArpetSr}, vvv

ava, iOeXoucriv

'

Ayaioh
2 &5

irdcnv eKeyyicrrov Oepuevac puepOTreo-cri ftporotcrcv

oi>8e roc e/creXeoucnv virbayecriv, r\vrrep

vnvkmav

ivdaR en
tacne

<TTL%ovTe<; dir

"Apyeos i7nroj36roio,
yr\pal re yvval/ces,
2 9

"I\lov e/crrepcravr evrelyeov diroveeadat.

yap

r)

iral8e<i veapol,

abXrjXouriv 68vpovrai oi/cov8e veeadai.

r)

p,r]v real

irovo? ecrrlv dvirjdevra vkeaQai.

1

yap rl<; eva p,r)va fxevcov cltto r)<; aXoyouo dcryaXda avv vrji rroXv^vyw, ovrrep aeWai yeipcepiai ^tXecocriv bpivop,evr) re dakaaaa'
real
rjp.iv S'

etvaros iarc rrepirpoirewv ivtavrbs

J

2 95

ev6d8e

p,tp,v6vre<T(TL.

t&5 ov vep,eo~L%opu

A%aioi><;

daycCkdav irapd

vr/vcrl

/copcoviaw

dWd

koX

epvirrj^

alcryjpbv roc Brjpov re pcevecv, icevebv re veecrOai.

r\r)re, (pthoc, /cal pcecvar errl yjpbvov, oeppa 8acopcev
rj

erebv

KaXyas
8rj

pcavreverac

r)e ical ov/cc.

ev

yap

roSe

I'S/iev

ivl (ppecrcv,

io~re 8e rrdvres

fiaprupoc,

ov<> per) /cr)pe<;

e/3av davdroco <pepovo~ac

'

IAIAA02
%04a re Kal
17/464? 8'

B.

37
'A^aitou

irpdal^, or

e<?

AvXiSa

vr)e<;

rjyepedovro, /carca UpLafico Kal Tpcoal (pepoucrcu

dpupl irepl Kptfvr)v lepous

Kara

ftafiov?

35

epSop.ev ddavdroccri TeX^ecrcra? eKarop./3a<;,

fca\r) viro

irXaravlara, 66ev peev dyXabv vScop

Spd/cav eVt voira

'

eW
evda
ocp

icpdvT) p.eya aijfia'

8a<f>oivo<;t

crp,ep8a\eo<;,

/3&>/ioO virat^as, irp6<;

8'

rov p avros ^OXvpLirios rjfce (pocoaSe, pa ifXaravtarov opovaev,

veocraoL, vrjiria reKva,

3 10

eaav cnpovdolo

eV aKpordrw,
drdp

irerdXois VTroTreirrijcore^,
r)

OKTOi,
ev6" 6

^rjrrjp evdrrj rjv,

reKe reKva'

ye rov$ eXeeiva KarrjaOte rerpiycora<;

d/Mpeiroraro 68vpop.ev7)
(fyCXa re/cva'

p,rjrrjp 8'

3*5

rrjv 8' i\e\ti;dfievo<;

rrrepvyo? ~kdj3ev dpfyiayviav.

avrrjv,

avrap
rov

iirel

Kara tkv e<paye arpovdolo Kal

fiev dpityfkov drJKev deos, ocrirep ecp-qvev

p,tv edrjKe

Xdav ydp
fjp,el<i 8'

Kpovou

irdl<i

dyKvKop,rjre(o

ecrraore? 0avfid^op,ev, olov irv^Orj.

3 20

Whence Calchas hadprophesied success

a>?

in the tenth year.

ovv Secva Trekcopa Oecov elarjXO' eKar6p,(3a<i,

8'

RaX^a?

avriK erreira Oeoirpoireoiv dyopevev

repas pueya fir/rcera Zev<i,
oov kX4o<; oviror oXeirai.
325

riirr dveco eyeveade, Kaprj KO/jb6covre<i 'A%aioL

7]yuv fiev roS" e<prjve

6yfnp,ov, 6-^rireXearov,
a>?

ovros Kara reKv e<paye arpovOolo Kal avrrjv,

OKrco,

drdp

p,rjrrip

ivdrrj

rjv, r)

reKe reKva'

a>? 77/et9

roaaavr erea
rd

irroXep.l^op,ev avBt,

T&) SeKarq) 8e ttoXiv aiprjaofiev

evpvdyvtav.
33

Keivo? TO)? dyopeve'

&rj

vvv irdvra reXelrai.

'

'

$8
dA-V
A

IAIAAOS

B.

d'ye, LiijAvere 7rdvre<;, ev/cvi]LuBe<;

'A^aioi,

avTOV, et? 6 Kev aarv fieya Upidfioio eXcofiev.

/2? <j>aT
'

'Apyeloi Be p,ey layov

'

aficpl

Be

vr)e<i

G/iepBaXeov Kovdftrjcrav, dvcravrcov inr

fivdov eTraivqcravTes
'

Ayju&v

OBvcrar)o<i Oeioio.

335

Nestor bids Atreides disregard the foolish agitators,

host by tribes for battle.
toIctl Be teal /xereenre Teprjvios liriroTa

and divide

the

Neo-rwp

*TL Trbiroi,

r)

Br)

iraialv eoiKores

ayopdaaOe

vrjirid^oi^, ols
irrj Br)

ov ti

Liekei TroKepbrjla epya.

avvOecrtai re koX op/cia /3rjaerat rjfuv

Br)

iv irvpX
tJTrovBai
aijTa><i

fiovkai re yevolaro, /xrjSed r dvBpdv,

34

t afcprjTOi, koX Belial, ffi erre'mdp.ev. ydp p eVeecrcr' epiBalvopev, ovBe ti /a^%o?

evpe/xevat Bvvdfiecrda, irdXvv yjpovov evddB' eoj/re?.

^ArpetBr}, crv S' 60' a>? irpiv
dp-)(ev

'Apyeioiart,
8'

eywv Kara /cpaTepd?

avvcris
8'

dare/xepea fiovXrjv,
vtriiLva<i
*

345

rovcrBe

ea <pdivv9eiv, eva koI Bvo, tol Kev

voacpiv ftovXevcocr
irplv

Ayacwv

ovk eaaerao avtoiv

35

"ApyoaB'
rj

lev at, irplv

koX Acos alyco^oio

rje teal ov/cl.

r/vcofievcu
<pr/p,l

re yjrevBos V7r6a-^eai<i,

<ydp ovv

Karavevaac virepfievea Kpovicova

eir

rjLLarL tg>,

ore vrjvalv

u>Kvrropoiaiv efiaivov

'Apyeloi,

Tpweacn

<povov iced Krjpa (pepovres,

,

dcrrpa7rTcov einBe^L
tc3
p.r]

ivaiaiLia arj/xaTa (palvcov.

rt? irplv eTreiyeadco ol/covBe veeadai,

nrpiv riva Trap

Tpwwv dXo^m

KaTaK0ip,rj6r)vai,

355

Tiaacrdat

S' 'E\evr)<; opfirj/xaTa

re CTOva%d<s re

el Be Tt? i/cTTas/kay? edekei olicovBe veeadai,

1AIAA02
airreaOoi ^9
6(f)pa irpoadi'
1/7709

B.

39

evcraeXfioio fieXaivrjs,
/cat irorfiov eiridirrj.

aWcov Qdvarov

aWd,

ava%, avros t ev

fiyjSeo, ireideo

aWfp
cittco

3 <X3

ovtoi aTTofiXrjTov eircs eacrerat ottl kgv

Kplv dvBpas Kara, cpv\a,

Kara

(pprjrpas, 'Ayd/iepivov,

to? <f>piJTpr) (f>p7]Tpr)(piv dprjyr},

<pv\a Be cpvXois.

el Be tcev &>9 ep^r/?, /cat rot

ireidwvTai 'A^atoi,
3^5

yvcoarj 7reid\ 09 #' rjyepLovcov kcuc6<;, 09 re vv Xaatv,

r)K 09

k ecrdXbs
rj

eycri'

Kara

cr(pea<;

yap pLa^eovrac

yvdtaeai B\

/cat deairecrir)

ttoXlv ovk d\a7raet9,

^ dvBpcov

tca/coTTjTi. zeal

dcppaBtr] iroXepuoio.

Agamemnon
Tbv
rj

praises his counsel,

battle,

and and eat.

bids

them prepare for

8' aTrap.ei/3op,evo<; 7rpoae(pr)

Kpeiwv ^Ayapuep.vaiV
37

p,dv

avr dyopfj

vi/cas,

yepov, via? 'A%aicov.

at ydp,

Zev

re irdrep

/cat 'Adr/valrj /cat

'

"AttoXXov,

toiovtoi Betca
tc3 ice

p,oc <rvp,(ppd8p,ove<; elev

Ayaiwv

rd^
v(\>

r)p,vaeie 7roXt9

Upidpboio

civa/cros,

"%epclv

r)pberepr/aiv

dXXd
teal

fioc alyio%o<; Kpovi8r)<;

09 p>e puer dirp-qKrovs

y

dXovad re irepOopuevr) re. Zevs aA/ye' eBa>/cev, eptBas /cat veUea ftdXXei.
pba^rjadpieB' elveica /covpr]<i

375

yap eywv A%i\ev<; re

eireecraiv, eyoo o

avnftiois
el Be iror

VPX 0P Xa ^ e7ra ^va>v

'

ye p\iav (3ovXevaop,ev, ov/cer eiretra

3& iva ^vvdyoipuev "Aprja.
8'

Tpaxrlv
vvv
6

dvd/3Xrj(ri<; tca/cov ecrcrerat, ou6 r}/3aiov.

errl Belirvov,

epyeaQ'

ev ptev rt9 Bopv 6r]^da-6o), ev

dcnriBa 6ea6(o,

ev Be Tt9 nnroicriv Behrvov Bora) dtfcviroBeacriv,

ev Be Tt9 dpp.aro<i dp,<pl$ lBa>v iroXep.oio pbeBecrOco

4
w?
el
zee

IAIAA02
iravr)p,eptoi

B.

arvyepw

KpiiHoped' "Apijl.

385

ov yap iravcT(oKr\ ye p,ericraTat, ovS" r/ftaiov,

p,r)

vv ekOovcra Bta/cpiveeL puevos dvBpwv.

aficfil

iSpaxret puev rev Te\ap,cbv

crrydeaaiv

acnri8o<} dp,(pi/3poT7]<;, irepl S'

ey^ei y/ipa KapeZrcu'

39

IBpcoaet Be rev

'ittttos,

iv^oov app,a riraivav.

p,d^Tj<i

op Be k eycov dirdvevde

edekovTa

voijaco

puipbva^eip irapd vrjvcrl Kopwvicrtv, ov ol eirecra

apKtov eaaelrac (pvyeecv tcvvas ^S' olcovov?.

The Greeks
1

stir like

waves : Agamemnon prepares a

sacrifice

and calls
12<i

tJie chiefs.

ecpar

Apyeloi Be pky ta%ov,

ore

w?

ore /cvp,a
395

aKTfi

e<' vtyrfkfi,

Kivi]crr}

N6ro<; ek6a>v,

7rpo{3\f)Ti CTKOireXw

top

S'

ovttot fcvp,ara Xecirec

7)

iravroiwv avep,cov, or av

eW

evda yevcovrai.

avaravres
a\\o<; o

S'

opeovro, KeBaadevre^ Kara, vrja^,

ical Belirvov

Kairvtaaav re Kara K\iala<;

eXovro.
400
I

aXXw

epe^e decov alevyeverdwv,

teal

ev'xppievo'i

ddvarov re (pvyelv

pcoXov "Aprjos.
'

avrap

/3o0v iepevaev aval; dvBpcov

Ayap,ep,va>v

iriova, TrevTaerrjpov, inreppuevei

KiKkrjcricev Be

Kpovtcovc

yepovras dpiaTrja<i Tlava^aiwv, Necrropa pev Trpcoriara /cal 'IBopbevfja avaKTa,

45

avrap

eireLT

Alavre

Bvco teal

TvBeos

vlbv,

e/crov S' ai)T

^OBvarja, Ail pvqriv drdXavrov.

avrop,aTO<; Be ol rfkOe fiorjv

fjBee

ayadbs MeveXao?'
410

ydp Kara

Qvp,bv aBe\<pebv &)? eTrovelro.

fiovv Be 7repio-TT)crdv re /cal ov\o%vTa<; avekovro'

rolcriv 8' evxpp,evo<; p,ere(pr) /cpeicov
*

Ayapbepuvav

IAIAA02
Then

B.

4'

offers this prayer.

Zev
fifj

fcvBio-re, fieycare,

/ceXaivecpes, aldepi vaicov,

/cal eirl tcvecpas

irpiv eir rjeXiov Bvvac

iXdecv,

Kara Trpr)ve<; fiaXietv Ilpidfioio fieXadpov aWaXoev, irprja-ac Be 7rvpb<; Brjtoio Ovperpa,
irplv fie

4*5

'E/cropeov Be yiriova irepl crrrjOecrcn Baikal,

%aX/cq} payyaXeov
irp7]vee<i

a^fi avrbv eralpot ev Kovlrjcnv oBag Xa^oiaro yalav.

7ro\ee?

B'

They then
*/29 ecpar
'

sacrifice

andfeast.
Kpovtcov
420

ouS'

dpa

7ra)

oi eiretcpaiaive

dXX' 076

Be/cro p,ev Ipd, ttovov 8' dfieyaprop o<peXXev.

avrdp
firjpovs

eirei

p ev^avro,

/cal

ovXo^yTa^ irpofiaXovro,
Kvicrarj e/cdXvtyav
8' oofiodeTijaav.

avepverav fiev irpwra,

/cal

ecrcpa^av /ecu eBetpav,

T e^era^ov, Kara re

BiirTv^a iroL^cravTe<;,
kclL

eV

avrSiv

rd

p,ev

dp
o

ayltflcyiv dcpvXXoicriv tcare/caLov

42 5

(rirXdrfxya

dp dfnreipavres vireipexov 'H<paiaTOio.

Kara p,r\p eicdr) teal cnrXdy^y eirdcravro, p,iarvXXov r dpa rdXXa, Kal dfi(j) 6f3eXolaiv enecpav,
avrdp
eirel

(OTTTTjadv re 7rept<f)paBe(o<>,

epvaavro re nrdvra.
43

avrdp
avrdp

eirel

iravaavro rrbvov rervKovrb re Balra,

ei'0-779.

Balvvvr, ovBe ri #17x09 iBevero Bairb?

eirel 7rocrto<? /cal iBr)rvo<;

ig epov evro,
but gather the hostforfight.

Nestor bids Agamemnon linger

TOt9

not,

dpa

fivOcov rjpxe Teprjvios irnvbra Necrrcop

'ArpetBri KvBicrre, aval;

/MrjKerc

dvBpwv Aydp,ep,vov,
firjB?

vvv

BrjO"

avdc Xeycofieda

ere Brjpbv

435

'

42

IAIAA02

B.

afi/3aX\.(ojjLeda epyov, b Br) debs iyyvaXi^ei.

aXX

dye,

Kr)pvice<i /u,ev

Tutbv K7)pv(rcrovT<; dyeipovrcov

rjfiels S'

^A^aiwv ^aKKo^iroyvcov Kara vfjas

^

adpoot a>Be Kara arparbv evpvv

zee
'

Ayju&v
44

lofiev,
,V

6(ppa
e<paT

ddcrcrov eyecpojiev bvv "Aprja.

if2?

ovS' diriO^aev

dva% dvBpcov 'AyapiepLVWV

avTt/ca

/crjpvfcecrcri \i/yv<p66yyoicri, /ceXevcrev,

KTjpvacreiv iroXe/xovBe tcdpr) K0[x6a>VTa<; 'A^cuovs.

They assemble, Athena helping

oi p,ev eicrjpvcrcrov, toi ol
8' apscf)' B'

to incite

them,

r)yetpovTO fiaX! &Ka.

j3ao-i\i)e<;

'Arpetayva Biorpecpee?

445

dvvov Kpivovres' fierd Be

alyiS'

y\avKO)7ri.<; 'Adrfvrj,

eyova

eplrifiov, dyr]paov,

ddavdrrjv re*

Trjs e/carbv Ovcravoi Trayyjpvo'eoi rjepeOovrai,

7rdvre<; einrXeKees, eKaTOfiftoios Be e/cacrTOs.

avv rfj iraKpaaaovaa BieaavTO Xabv 'A%ai(i)v, brpvvova levac ev Be cr0evo<; wpaev eicdo-T<p
KapBlrj, dXkrjKTOv 7ro\efii^eiv r/Be /xd^ecrdat.

45

rolcn

8'

d<pap 7r6\e//,o? ykvicioov yever,

(f>l\r]v e>

r)e

veeaOai

ev vrjvoi yXacpvpfjai
like fire in

irarplBa yalav.
birds, or

a forest, orflocks of

swarms offlies.
455

'Hire nrvp dtBrjXov

o>9

eiTMpXeyet, dairerov vh/qv

ovpeos ev Kopvfyfis, etcadev Be re (paiverai avyrj*

Twy epyop.evwv

dirb

^oXkov

6ecnreo~iot,o
licev.

atyXr] 7rafi<pav6coaa Be aldepos ovpavbv

Twv
Xyvoov

B',
i)

(bar opvidcov 7rerer}va)v eOvea iroWd,

r\

yepdveov

kvkvcov BovXi^oBeipcov,
dficfrl

460

'Aalai ev Xeificovi KavcrTpiov

peedpa

'

AIAAO2

B.

43

evda Kal evda

co? rSiv

iroroivrai,

dyaXXopeva Tnepvyeacnv,

KXayyrjBbv TrpoKadt^ovrcov, afiapayel Be re Xeifiwv

edvea iroXXa vecov

amo Kal KXcaidcov

avrdp vtto %da>v avrwv re Kal Xirirwv.
coprj.

e? ireBlov irpoykovro ^Ka/jidvBpiov

4^5

(TfiepBaXeov Kovdj3ie ttoBwv

earav

8'

ev Xeifi&vi %>ca/j.av$pi<p avdefioevrt

/Mvploi, oacra re

(pvXXa Kal avdea ylyverai

'Hire

fividcov dBtvdcov edvea iroXXd,

aXre Kara (rradfibv iroifivrjlov r)Xd<TKOVcriv,

wprj ev elapivfi, ore re

470

yXdyos ayyea

Bevei

rovaoi eVt

Tpcoecrat, Kaprj Kopuowvres

'Amatol

ev TreBiq) Xaravro, Biappalaac

fx,e/j,atore<i.

The

leaders, like goatherds, order each his

in the midst like a bull

own flock : Agamemnon among the kine.

Tol9 B\

&ar

aiTToXia rrXare alycov aiTroXot avBp&i

475

peta BiaKpivaycriv, eirel Ke vop,S /Myecoatv

a>?

rovs -qyepLOve^

BieKoa-fjueov

evda Kal evda,

-

vafiivrjvB' ikvai' puera Be, Kpeicov 'Ayap,efivcov,

ofifiaTa Kal KecpaXrjv t/ceXo<?

"Ape'i Be (ovr)v,

Ail repiriKepavvw,
4&

arepvov Be IIocreiBdcovt.
e<r^09 eirXero irdvrcov

rjvre /3ov? dyeXycpi, p,ey

ravpot' 6 yap re
roiov ap

/36e<rcri pberarrperrei dypo/jiivrja-tv

rjfjbari Keivq>,

'ArpetBrjv drJKe Zev<;

eKtrpeire ev iroXXolat, Kal

e^o^ov ypcoecraiv.
to tell the
'

Muses, aid me

muster I
Bcofiar

Eairere vvv
fy*et<?

fioi,

Movaat,

OXvfnua

e^ovaat'
485

yap Beat

ecrre,

irdpeare re, tare re irdvra,

jj/iet?

Be /cXeo? olov aKovofxev, ovBe ri tS/iev

"

44
o'irives r)<yep,6ve<i

IAIAA02
Aavawv

B.

/cal /coipavoi rjaav.

irXrjdvv S' ov/c

av

iya> p,vBr)o~oiLai, ovB' ovo/xrjva)'

01/8' el fxot 8e/ca fiev

<f)(0V7)

yXwaaai,

8e/ca Be

arofiar

etev,

8'
,

apprj/cro ;, ydX/ceov 8e p,oc rjrop eveir)

1

49

el

fir)

0\vfJ,7rcd8e<;

Movcrat, Albs alyco^oio

',

Owyarepes, fivrjaaiaff
apxpi)? av

ocroc virb

"IXiov rjXOov.

vt}5)v epeco, vr\d<$

re irpoTraaa^.

The Boeotians.

Boicotwv

fiev IIrjve\eco<i /cal Ar\lro^ r\p%ov,

'ApKe<riXa6<; re Ilpodorfvap re
o'i

KXovto? re'
rrerprjecraav,

495

&

'Tpiijv evefiovro ical

AvXi8a

"St'XpZvQv

re S/ccoXov re, iroXvKvr]p,6v r 'Erewvov,

/cal

Qeaireiav, Tpatdv re
o'i o'i
'

evpv%opov MvrcaXrjcrov,
/cal

apcf}

"Apfi ive/xovro

ElXecriov

/cal

'Epvdpas,
S

r 'EXewv eXyov r]S "TXijv

/cal JJereayva,

f2/caXer]v,

MeBewvd r,

evfcrtp.evov irroXieOpov,

Kco7ras, Evrpijcriv re, iroXvrpripaivd re @tar/3ijv,

o'i

re Kopcovecav

/cal iroirjevB'
o'i

AXiaprov,
evefiovro,

o'i

re IlXdraiav eyov, rfi

#' lepbv,

TXiaavr

o'i 0'
"

'Tirodrjfias el^pv, iv/crtp,evov irroXiedpov,

55

Oy^rjcrrov

UoatBrjlov dyXabv aXcros,

o'i

o'i

re iroXvcrrdcpvXov "Apvqv eyov,

re MiBeiav,

Nio~dv re ^aOerjv, 'AvdrjBova r ecryai oooo av

roiv p,ev irevrrjKovra vees iciov ' ev 8e e/cdarr)
koi) pot 3ot(t>roiv e/carbv /cal
e'l/cocri

fialvov.

5 10

The Minyae-realm :

its
1

leaders sons of Ares.

02

Ao~7rXr)8ova valov IS

'Opj^opuevov Mivveiov,
i/Ie?
'

rihv rjpx

'-4cr/caXa^>09 /cal 'IdXpevos,

Aprjof,

IAIAA02
y

B.

45

ou? rifcev
v

Aarvo^rj,

86fi<p

"A/cropos 'A^etSao,

rrapOevos alBotr), virepoi'iov elcravafiaaa,

Apr)'i

Kparepu>' o 8e 01 irapeXe^aro XdOprj'

5*5

rocs 8e rpirjKovra yXacpvpal vies icrri^ocovro.

The Phokians.

Avrap
'

$co/aj(ov

5%e6Yo9 koX 'Erriarpocpos v\p%ov,

vlees

Icplrov fieyadvfxov Nav/3o\i8ao

o? Kv7rdpicr<Tov eyov,

Uvdwvd
AavXl8a
t

re rrerprjeaaav,
real IIavo7rfja,

Kplcrdv re ^aOeijv

teal

5 20

otr
01

Ave/Mcopeiav teal

Tdyb Ko\w dficpeve/xovro,

r

T dpa irdp Trorafibv ITrjcptcrbv 8lov evaiov, o'C re AiKaiav eypv, ^777779 em ICi](pcaolo

rols

8'

d/xa

ol fiev ^cote^cov

reaaapaKovra p,e\aivai vrjes eirovro. ariyas Xo-raaav dfMpie7rovres

dpiarepd
Owprjo-Q-ovro.

S 2S

BoLcorcav

8' ep,7r\i)v err

The Locrians.

Ao/epwv
fielwv, ovrt,

8'

rjjefMOvevev 'OiXrjos
<ye Soros
'

rayps Alas,
Xtvodooprj^,

roaos

TeXap,covcos Alas,
et]v,

d\\d
ot

7ro\v fieccov

0X170? fiev

iyX e h

&

eKCfcaaTO IlaveWrjvas

real

'Ayatovs'
re,

53

Kvvov r

ive/MovT, 'Oiroevrd re
ical

KaWiapov
pkeOpa'

Brjacrdv re Stedpcprjv re
TdpcpTjv re Gpovcov re

Av<yeids iparecvds,
d/M(pl

Boaypiov

To3 8' cifia reo-o-apaKovra /xekaivat vrjes eirovro

AoKpoiv,

o'l

vatovai rrepr\v

leprjs Eii^oir^s.

535

The Euboeans.

01

S'

Evfiotav eypv pevea rrvelovres "Afiavres,

XaXici8a r Elperptdv re Tro\vo~rd(pv\6v

&

'lariaiav,

'

46

IAIAA02

B.

KrjptvOov r e(paXov, Aiov t alirv nrroXleOpov,

ol re

Kdpvarov

%ov,

r/S"

o'i

^rvpa vaierdaaKov
54

tcov avS' rjjefiovev

'EXecprjvcop, oo9 "ApTjos,

XaXKaSovTidSr}^, pueyaOvpLCov apxS 'Afidvrav.

rat S' dp!

"AfiavTes eirovTO Oool, OTTidev

fcopLOCovres,

al'XjjLijTal, pLepLacores dpe/CTrjcnv pLeXlrjcnv

6dopr)ica<; ptfj^eiv Srjtcov

dp<pl GTrjdecTGiv
pueXatvac
vrje<i

T<p 8'

dpu reaaapaKovra

eirovTO.

545

A thens and Salami's.

Oi
SrjpLov
dpe-^re,
S'

dp 'AOrjvas el^ov,
Alos Qvydrr\p,

iv/CTipLevov irroXleOpov,

'Epexdrjos p.eyaXr]TOpo<;, ov ttot ^AOijvr]

re/ce 8e ^elScopos

"Apovpa,
55

fcaS 8 iv

A9r)vrj<; elcrev, ea> evl ttlovl vrjcp'

fcal

ivddSe pnv ravpocat

dpveiols [Xdovrav

fcovpoi 'Adrjvaioov, irepLreXXopLevcov

iviavrcov

ra>v avd^ r,yep,6vev

tg3 8'

vlo<i

Ilerecoo Meveadevs,
,

ov

ird>

Tt? o/ioto? eTTL )(66vLo<; yever dvr\p,

Kocrpbrjaac Xirirovs re ical

dvepas dairth icotcls.

rjev.

Near cop

olo<;

epi^ev 6 yap Trpoyevearepos

HaXafAtvos dyev 8voKai8eKa
'

555

T(5 S' ap.a TrevrrjKovTa pLeXaivai vrjes eirovro.

Al'as 8
\crTrjo~e S'

i/c

vrja<;.

dyoiv, lv

Adrjvaicov Laravro (pdXayyes.]

Argos and the neighboring places.

Ot

8'

Apyos t
,

et^ov, Tipvvdd re rei^toecraav,

Epp,L0V7jv,

Ao~Lvr\v Te, fiadvv

ical

TpotXjrp?

'Hiovas re

dp,7reX6evr

Kara koXttov i^ovcra^. ^Emhavpov,

'A^aicov
At,op.rj8r)<;,

560

ol r e%ov AXyivav,

MdarjTa

re, tcovpot

tcov avd' T)yep,6vev fiorjv

dyadbs

AIAAOS

B.

47
</>t\.09

teal

SdeveXos, Kcnravrjos aya/eXeirov

S'

vlo^'
(poos,

rola i

dp!

EvpvaXos
vl6<>

rpiTaTO*; Kiev, lcr66eo<;

5^5

Mi)Kicrreo<;

TaXa'ioviBao avatCTOS.

o~vfnrdvT<ov
TOi<ri S'

S'

rjyelro fiorjv

dyadbs

Aiop,rjBr}<i'

dp! oyBcoKOvra p,eXaivai

vfje<>

eirovro.

Oi Be MvKijvas

elyov, euKTip,evov irroXieO pov,

acpvecov re Kopivdov, eiJKTip,eva<i re

KXewvds,
epaTeivr'jv,

57

'Opveids t evep-ovro, 'Apaidvperjv r

1

/cat

^LKvSiv

',

off

dp "ABprjaro<i

irpSiT

ifi/3ao-i\evev,

oi

TireprjcTLTiv re

koX alireivrjv Tovoeaaav,

IIeXXi]V7)v t el^xpv, rjS' A'iyiov dp.(f>evep.ovTo, AiyiaXov t dvd irdvra, real dp,<f> 'EXiktjv evpeiav

575

twv

e/carbv vrjwv ijpx fcpeicov 'Ayap,ep,vayv

'ATpet&7}<;'

dpa

rut
8'

ye ttoXv TrXelo-roi

/cal

dptaroi

Xaoi eirovr

ev

airro?

eBvaaro vcopoira ^oXkov,

580

kvBlocov, ore Tract p.eTeirpeirev r)pd>eo~o-iv,

ovveic

aptaro<{

et]v,

ttoXv Be irXelo'Tov^ aye Xaovs.

Sparta and the neighboring places.

Ot

8'

etyov koiXtjv Aatcehai/JLOva

re,

/crjTtoecrcrav,

$apiv re XirdpTrjv
01

iroXvTp^pcovd re Mecrarju,

Bpvo~eid<; r evepiovro koX

Avyeidq epareovds,

dp* 'Afivickas et%ov,

"EXos r, etyaXov

irroXiedpov,
5^5

01 re

Adav

ei%ov,

778'
'

OitvXov
fiV v

dp,(pevep,ovro'

rSiv oi dBeXxpebs

VPX e
fjo-i

dyaObs MeveXaos,

e^rjKovra vecov dirdrepde Be 6u>pr)cro~ovTO.

ev
8'

avrbs Kiev

irpo6vfiir)cri ireiroiOdt^,

orpvveov iroXepovBe' p,dXio~Ta Be iero 6vp,a>

Tioaodai 'EXevr)s

6pp,rjp,aTa re a-rova^/ds re.

'

590

Ot

Be IIvXov

T evep,ovro koX

Apijvijv epareivrjv,

48
teal

IAIAAOS

B.

&pvov, 'A\(petoto iropov, koI evKrtrov Alirv,

*

Kal Kviraptao-rjevra Kal

Ap,<ptyevetav evatov,

Kal IlTe\ebv Kal "E\o<> Kal Acoptov, evda re

dvroptevat dptvptv top QprjtKa iravaav

Movaat
595

Ot^aXtvOev tovra
arevTO yap

Trap'

Evpvrov OfyaXcrjos
Atbs aiytb^oto'

dot8i]<;,

ev%6p,evo<> vtKrj<rep,ev, eiirep ctv

aural

Movaat

detSotev, Kovpat

at Be ^oXoyadptevat

"jrrjpbv Oecrav,

avrap

dotBrjv

Qecnreavr\v dcpeXovro, Kal

1

eKKekaOov Ktdaptarvv
Nearcop'

600

T03V avff rjyepLOveve Tepr)vto<; iirirora

tc3 S' ivevtjKovra

yXacpvpal vees icrri^ocovro.

Arcadia.

Ot
ot

8'

eypv 'ApKahirjv, virb ITvXkrfvrjs opo$

iv

alirv,

Alirvrtov irapa rvpt/3ov,

dvepe? dyyjLpuayriTat,
65

Qevebv t eveptovro Kal 'Op^optevov 7roXvpt7j\ov,

Xrpctrtr)v re Kal r/veptoeaaav ^Evlo-irrjv,

'Pl7T7]v re,

Kal Teyerjv et%ov Kal Mavrtverjv eparetvqv,

%Tvp,<pr)\6v
rebv

t el^pv, Kal Uappacririv iveptovro'

irdt<;,

VPX

AyKaioto

Kpeicov

'

Ayairrjvcop,

k^rjKOvra vecov 7roXee<;

'

S'

iv vrji eKaaTtj

610

ApKaBes avBpes

efiatvov, iirtardpievot iroXeptt^etv.

'

avrbs yap
vr\a<i

crcptv BciiKev

aval; dvBpcov

Ayapteptvcov

ivacreXptovs, irepdav iirl otvoira irbvrov,

'ArpetSils

iirel

ov a<pt OaXdaata epya

Elis

pteptrjXet.

and the

islands.

Ot
oacrov
irerprj

S'

dpa Bov7rpdart6v re Kal "HXtBa Slav

'Tpptivrj
^Slkevtrj

evatov,

615

i<j>

Kal Mvpcrtvos eo-^a/rbuicra,

Kal 'AXetcriov evTos iepyef

'

IAIAA02
twv av reaaapes apx 01
ecrav

B.

49
avSpl
/cdcrT<p

8e/ca 8'

vrje? gttovto Boat, 7roXee9 8' efifiaivov

^EnreLoL
620

Ttov fiev dp" 'A/Acpl/iaxo? KaX QaXirio^ rjyTjadadrjv,

vies,

fiev
,

Kred-rov, 6

8'

dp*

Evpvrov

'A/CTopL(ovo<f

roiv 8'

Ap,apvjKet8r]'i ?;p%e Kparepbs AicoprjS'

rcbv Be rerdprcov
vios

ypx IloXv^etvo^

OeoeiSr'js,

Ayaadeveos AvyijidSao dvatcro^. O'i 8' Ik AovkL^oto, 'E%ivd(ov 6' lepdwv vqcrayv, a'i vaiovcri irepr^v d\6<i, "HXiSos dvra
Tcov avd' r/yepuoveve Meyris,
$v\,ei8ri<i,

o2 S

drdXavros

"Aprjl,

ov riKre Sucpikos iTnrora $v\ev<i,

1

OS irore
T&5 8'

AovXi^iovS aTrevdaaaTO, irarpl ^oXto^ei?'

dp,a

reaaapuKOVTa p,ekaivai

vfje<;

eirovTO.

63

Avrdp 'OBvcraevs
o'i

rjye K(paXkr}va<i pLeyadvpbov<i,

p 'Idd/crjv eiyov koX Ntjpirov elvocri<pvKkov, KaX KpoKvXeC evipuovro koX AiylXnra rpir^etav,
01 re

Zdicvvdov e%ov,

r)8' o'i

Xdfiov dp,<peve/M)VTO,
*

0% T t]7Tipov zypv,

778'

dvTL7ripaia ve/xovro

635

twv

p,ev

'OSvaaevs $jpx e*

^d f^V TLV
Aetolia.
'

drd\avro<i

tc3 8' dput, vfje? cttovto 8v(o8e/ca p^CkroirdprjOi.

AItcoXcov
o'i

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50
Crete

IAIAA02
and Rhodes : with

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IAIAA02

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68

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52
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54

IAIAA02
Which were
the best horses,

B.

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IAIAA02

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55

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56
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IAIAA02

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to

iirripKeae
TroScb/ceos

Xvypbv oXedpou,
Alaicihao
875

dXX

iSd/jbT]

X eP (Ti

ev TrorafAQ),

xpvabv S' 'Aj^Ckevs itco/jbicrcre Sa'ttypcov. ^apTrrjSobv S' %>%ev Avklwv Kal TXavKOS dflVflCOV,
i/c

Trfkodev

Avkvy]^,

Hdvdov

diro ZivrjevTOS.

THE

ILIAD.

BOOK
Avrap
Tp&es
a'C

III.

Advance of both forces

described.

e7ret KocrfirjOev dp? Tjyepbovecrcnv eKacrroi,

fMev

KXayyf} r

ivoTrj}

icrav opviOes w?,

rjVTe irep /cXayyi] yepdveov ireXei

ovpavodi

irpo,

iirel

ovv %eip,a>va <pvyov kcu ddeacparov ofiftpov,

'12/ceavoto
zeal tcrjpa

/eXayyfi rat ye irerovTai eir

podav

avSpdcrc Ilvypuzioicrt (povov

rjepiai 8'

(pepovaac
A-^acoi,

dpa rat ye

/ca/crjv

eptSa irpocpepovrai,'

oi

8'

dp

icrav criyfj p,evea irveiovres

ev

dvp,<j> /ie/xacoTe?

dXeep,ev dXXrfXoLcnv.
IO

Evr

opeos Kopv(f>r}ai N6ro<; icareyevev dfii^X^v,

7roi/j,ecnv

ov ti

cpiXrjv, KXeirTrj Be

re

vvtcTo<i dfxelvco,

tocctov Ti9 t eirCXevcrcrei, ocrov T

o>?

eirl

Xaav

iijcriv

dpa

Tcov biro Troacrl /covicraXos

wpwr

deX,\^9

epyoyukvoiv pbdXa

8' )ica SieTrptjcrcrov 7re8loio.

Parts at first advances with show of boldness then recoils before Menelaos ;

to the

combat

Oi

8'

ore

Btj

cr^eSbv r/crav

eir

dXXrfXoicriv lovres,

'

Tpcocrlv puev irpop-dyi^ev 'AXej^avSpos deoeihr)*;,

trapZaXer}v wp,oicnv
teal t0o<?

eywv

teal

Kap.irvXa Toa

avrdp

o Sovpe Svco KeKopvdfxeva ^aX/cd)

60

IAIAAOST.

vrdXXcov 'Apyeicov irpoKaXi^ero irdvra<i dpio~rov$

avrifiiov fjLa%craadcu iv alvfj SrjioTrjrc.
2

Tbv
<W9

8'

!>?

ovv ivoricrev

dpr}t(pCXo<;

MeveXaos

ipyop,evov irpoirdpoiQev OfxiXov, pbaicpd ftificovra,

re Xecov iydpr) p,eydXa> eVt (rco/xart /cvpaas,

rj

evpebv

eXacpov icepabv

r)

aypiov alya,
el

Tretvdwv fxdXa yap re Kareadiei,

eyapt]

wep av avrbv

2?

aevcovrac razees re icvves OaXepoC r alfyqoi'

&><?

o(pda,Xp,olo~t,v

avriica

S'

MeveXaos 'AXe%av8pov 6eoet8ea l8(ov <pdro yap rlcreadai dXeirr^v ef bykoav crvv revyecnv dXro yap,cV,e.
ovv
ivorjcrev
'

Tbv
aty- S' g>9 8'

8' co?

AXeav8po<i deoetSrjs

iv irpop.d'yoKJi (pavevra, KareirXrjyrj <plXov r)rop

erdpcov

eh eOvos iyd^ero

Kt)p

dXeeivwv.

ore

Tt<?

re 8pdtcovTa 18<ov iraXivopo-os direcrTrj

inro re rpop-os eXXa/3e yvla,

ovpeo? iv
city 8'
&>9

firjcro-r/s,
/

dve)(u>p'r)<Tev> w^po? re ynv elXe Trapetds,

ica& o/mXov e8v Tpaxov dyepco-^cov
'

35

aims
8'

8eiaa<i 'Arpeos vlbv

AXeav8po<;

6eoei8r]<s.

tov

"Ektq>p veLtceaaev

I8u>v atcr^pot? eireecro-t

for which he

is

taunted by Hector

Avairapi, eZSo? apiare, yvvaipbaves, rjirepoirevrd,

a'ffi o<f>eXe<s

ayovos r epevai ayap,6<; r diroXecrdaL.

icev

40

icai zee
r)

to ^ovXoipbrjv, KaL

iroXv K.ep8iov

r)ev,

ovrco Xeofir/v

e/xevai, ical virotyiov ciXXoov.

*

r)

irov fcayxaXocoat Kapij /cofioayvres

AyaioX
dX/crj.

(pdvTes dpio-rrja Trpofiov ep,fievai, ovve/ca /caXbv

ei8o<; eir
,

dXX ovk eari

(3lrj

cppecrlv

ov8e

ti<>

45

TotocrSe ecbv ev irovroTropoiaL veeaai

iaiaaos

r.

61

irovrov iimfkaxra^, erdpow; ipirjpas ayelpas,

/u%#et? dWoBairoicri yuval/c eveiBe avfjyes

ef
tt7TW79 yair)<;,
<T(p

vvbv dvBpcbv alyji/qTawv,

7rfjp,a ttoXtjc

irarpi re

p,eya

re iravri re

Br] pep,
;

8vap,evecriv

pev ydppxi,

Karrjfpeirjv Be crol

avrS

ovk av
yvoirjs

Br)

[teiveias dprjtcpiXov
o'tov (pcoTo?

MeveXaov
S<wo'
'

e^et? da\epr)v irapaKontv.

ovk av rot
rj

yjpaio-pr) Kidapis

rd re
r)

A<ppo8iTr)<i,

re

Kop/r)

to re et8o9, or iv

Kovlrjat, /Afye/779.

55

d\\o p,d\a Tpwes

\divov

BeiBrjp,ove<i

re /cev

77877

ecrcro yjbrcava
8'

kukwu eve^ Sacra eopyas.

*

Tbv

avre irpocreenrev A\e%av8po<;

OeoeiBrj*;*

whereupon he declares himself ready for the combat.

"E/crop, iirei pe /car alcrav iveUeaa<; ou8' virep alcrav,
alei rot KpaBlrj 7reA,e/cu9 eo9 ecrriv dreiptj^,

6o
Te%yrj

09

elcriv

Bid Sot/009 vir dvepos, 09

pa re

vrjlov itcrdfjivrfo-iv, 6(f>eWet 8'

&>9 crol ivl
p,rj

dvBpbs ipcorjv
1/009 earl.
'

cnrjOeacriv

drdp^ro^

p,ot BSip

ipard Trpocpepe ^pvaet]^

Bcocriv, eKcov 8'

A<ppoBurr)<i

ov roc dirofiXriT earl deoiv iptfCvBia Bwpa,

bacra Kev avrol

65

ovk av t9 eXoiro.
r)8e p.dyecrOai,

vvv avr, el p! iOeXeis irdXepil^eiv

ctWovs

p,ev KaOtcrov

avrap

epJ iv pbeaaro
dp.cji

Tpwas koX iravras 'A^atovf, Kal dpr/tcptXov MeveXaov

7

CTvpbfidXeT

'EXevrj Kal KTrjpacri iracri pd^ecrOai.

vtKtjcrr)

07r7roTepo9 Be Ke
KTi'ip,ab

Kpeicracov re yevrjTai,

v eXoiv ev irdvra yvvatKa re oiKaB' dyecrOay

oi

8'

ctXXoc (f>i\6rrjTa Kal opKta iriard Tap,ovre$

vaioire Tpoirjv epiftctiXaKa, rol Be veecrOwv

t>2

IAIAA02T.
e? lir7r6/3oTov

Apyo?
'

Kal AyaitBa KaXXiyvvaiKa.

S'

75

S2<;

e(pad

'

Exrcop

avr eydpt] /xeya puvdov

aicovca*;,

kcu p e? puecyaov ccov Tpcocov dveepye (pdXayyas, peacrov Bovpos eXwv toI 8' lBpvvQr\o-av cnravres.

T(p 8

eirero^d^ovTO Kaprj KopLOffiVTes 'A%aiot,

lolaiv re TLTVdKop.evoi, Xdecrai

ajrap

o pua/cpov dvcrev

r efiaXXov. ava% dvBpwv 'Ayap,epv<ov

Hector calls for a parley and communicates Paris''s proposal,

which
,

is

accepted by the Greeks.

p-rj

v 'lcryecrb , 'Apyeloi'

/3dXXere,

/covppt,

'

Ayaiutv

<ttvtcu
'

yap
,

ti

eVo? epeetv KopvdaloXov "E/crcop.

S'

/2? ecpad

oi

ecyovro

p,d%r]<; aveco

r eyevovro
&S

<Tcrvp,ev(0<;.

"EtcTcop Be p,er dp,(porepoto-iv eenre'

KetcXvTe pev, Tpwes Kal evKvijpLiBe? ^A-yaiol,

p.uOov ^AXe^dvBpoio, rod eiveica
velico<;

opcopev.

ciXXow; puev KeXerat, Tpcbas teal iravra*; *A%aiov<;

~ev%ea kcOC dirodeadcu

auTov
olovs
8'

errl

^dovl TrovXvfioTeipr],

ev p,eaaw koX dprjicpiXov

MeveXaov

dpLcf)"

'EXevrj Kal KTrjpLaai irdat p,dyeaQai.

ice

o-rnroTepos Be

viKrjarj Kpeiacrcov re yevijrai,

KTTjpuaO eXcbv ev irdvra yvvat/cd re oltcaft dyeaOco'

oi B
'

dXXoi (peXorrjTa Kal oprcia

, ,

it card rdpicop.ev.

dpa irdvre^ dfcrjv eyevovro aiaiirfj. tolcti Be Kal pLereeiire fiorjv dyados MeveXaos' Ke/cXvre vvv Kal ep,elo pidXLara yap dXyos l/cdvet
J2? e(pa6
oi B

95

0vp,ov epLov

(ppoveco Be 8tafcpivdi]p,evai t]St]

Apyeiovs
ei'vefc

/cal

Tpwas,

eirel icaicd
'

iroXXd

ireTroo-Qe

ep.r)s

eptBos Kal

AXe^dvBpov eveK

ap^?)?.

ioo

r)p,ea>v 8'

oinrorepoi ddvaroj Kal pLolpa reTVKrac,

AIAAO2

r.

63

redvalrj

aWot

Be BiaKpivOeire rd^iara.

oicrere 8'
yfj

apv, erepov \evKov, erepTjv Be p,e\atvav,

re Kal r)e\l(0'

Ad

8'

i)fjLel<>

olo~op.ev

aWov.

Priam

is

sent for to assist hi ratifying the compact.

fii'rjv,

"A^ere Be IIpuifMOto

ocpp^ op/cta rdfivrj

105

aiiTos, eirel ol 7rai8e<; inrepcplaXot

p,r)

Kal

diricrTOi,

Ti? V7rep/3acrlr}
8'

A 409

op/cta Brf\^jar)Tai.

alel

OTrKorepcov dvBpcov cppeves rjepedovrai'

6 yepcov pLererjaiv, a/xa Trpocraco Kal oiricrcrco

ol<; 8'

\evacrei, ottcos o%'

*J2<;

dpicna

p:er

dficporepoiat, yevrjrac.

'<J

ecpad\ ol

8'

i^dprjcrav 'Amatol re Tpooes re

eX.irop,evoi Trailer ao~6 at

oi^vpov iroXijioto.
e/c 8'

Kal p 'utcttovs fiev epvtjav iirl crr^a?, revved t e^eBvovro, rd fiev KareOevr
ir\rjalov dXkrjXcov, 6\lyr)
'

efiav avrol,

eirl yaly.

8' rjv

dfMpls dpovpa.

'5

Ekto>p Be irporl aarv

6

Bvco KrjpvKas eirepire

Kapira\lfxw<i dpva? re cpepecv Uplafiov re Ka\eao~ai.

avrap
vfjas

TaX0v/3iov

irpo'l'et

Kpelcov

'

Ayafie/xv cov

eiri,

yXacpvpaq
6 8' dp'

levai, 178'

apv eKekevev
'

OLcrefMevai'

ovk dirld^a

Ayap.ep.vovL

Blco.

12a

Iris carries the tidings to Helen,

'Ipis

8'

avB

'EXevTj \evKco\evco dyye\o<; rfkdev,

el8op,evr)

yaXoco, ^AvrrjvoplBao Bdp.apri,

rrjv ^AvrrjvopiBris el%e Kpelcov

'EXiKacov,
el8o<; dplo~TT)v.

AaoBlKTjv, Upidp.010 Ovyarpcov

rrjv 8' evp' iv p,eydptp'
rj

Be fieyav larbv vcpaLve

eveiraacrev dedXov?
'

,2 S

BlirXaKa iropcpvperjv,
Tpcocov

7ro\ea<> 8*

6' liriroBdp.cov

Kal 'A^atiov xa\KO)iTcovcov,

'

64
ov? e0ev
e'iveic

iaiaaos

r.

eiracfyov vir "ApTjos ira\ap,dwv,

dyyov 8' icrrapevt] irpocrecpr) 7r68a9 co/cea ''Ipis Aevp Wi, vvfi(f>a cpiXr), Xva 0ecfce\a epya iSrjai
Tpcocov
o't

&

imrohdyutov

teal

Ayaiwv

yaKKO-ycroivtov

irpiv eir aWrjXotcrc (f>ipov

woXvhaicpvv aprja

ev TreSico, okoolo \t\cuop,evoi 7ro\ep,oio,

ol hr) vvv earat crtyfj (VoXe/no? 8e irerravraC)
dtriricrL K/c\ifivoi,
'

irapd

8'

eyyea

p,aicpa TreTrrjyev.

'35

avrdp A\eav8po<; kcu

fjLafcpjjs i<y)(eirj(Tt

aprjtcpiXos

MeveXacx;
creio

fia^ijaovrai irepl

rco 8e

/ce

vtKTjcravTL <pi\r] KeKkrjcrr) a/coins.

who
*fl<;

repairs, attended by her

handmaidens,

to the

Scaean gates;

elirovaa 0ed yXv/cvv ifiepov 'ifi^aXe 0vp.co

kcl\ dcrreo<; r/Se roKrjcov.

avSpos re irporepoio
avTi/ca
8'

Hc

dpyevvfjcrt KaKv^raixevrj o0ovrjaiv

dippar K 0a\dfioco, repev Kara Sd/cpv 'yeovaa,

ovk

otrj, ci/xa

ry ye

kcl\ a/A<pl7ro\oi

Bv eirovro,

At0prj, IIiT0rjo<i 0vydri)p, K\vp,evr) re /3ow7rt<?.

al-^ra 8' eireiff Xtcavov 60c H/caial irvXai rjaav.

'45

where she

excites the

admiration of the Trojan counsellors,

real

01

8' dficpX

Upiapov
0'

Udv0oov

r)he Gvfioirrjv

AdpsKov re KhvrLov
OvtcaXeycov re
teal

'Itcerdovd r, 6ov "Aprjos,

dp.<pco,

Avrjjvcop, weirvvpevw
eirl

eiaro Brj^oyepovres
yrjpal
Srj

^Kaiycri

ttvXtjctcv,

iroXepioio rrerrav^'evoL,

dX)C dyoprjral
icaff"

'5

i<T0\oi, rerriyecrcriv ioiicores, o( re

v\i)v

SevBpeqj i<pe6p,evoi oira \eipioe<j<rav

rolot

tetcriv.

dpa

Tpcocov rjyrjropes rjvr

eVt irvpyat.

'

iaiaaost.
01 8' &)?

65

ovv eXhovO* 'EXevijv

iirl

irvpyov iovcrav,

rjica 777369

ttW^Xou?

eirea irrepoevT

dyopevov
'A^cuov?

*55

Ou
alvois

vep.ecn<i

Tptoaq Kal

ivKv>jp,t8a<;

ToifjS' dp,<pl yvvai/ci iroXiiv yjpbvov

dXyea irdcr^eiv

ddavdryai

der}<; et'9

dnra
,

eoi/cev.

dXXa Kal
p.7]8'

a>9, tolt)

wep

eovcr

iv vqvcrX veeado),
Xlttolto.

r)p!iv T/ce<T<ri

OTTicrcra) nrip.a

'6

and, at Priatn's request, points out

and calls

by

name

the

bravest of the Greeks.

,N

/29

dp

<pav, UpiafJios

8'

'EXevyv CKaXeaaaro

(pcovrj'

8evpo Trdpoid' iXdovca,

(f>iXov re/cos, 'i^ev ifielo,

6<ppa i8y irporepov re ttoglv irrjovi re <piXov<; re'

ov T

/xoi alrit]

iaai, Oeoi vv p.01 aiTiol

elcriv,

o'i fioc i(pd)pp,7]crai>

Tr6Xep.ov iroXv8aKpvv 'A^ai(oV

165

First,

Agamemnon
e^ovop.Tjvr)q,

W9

fiOL

Kal tov$ av8pa ireXwpiov

?}v<;

09 Tt9 oS' icrrlv \4^ato9 dvijp

77 rot,

re fiiyas re.

fiev Ke<f>aXfj
S'

Kal

p,elove<;
TTCO

aXXoi eaac
7

KOkoV

OVTCO ijCOV OV

180V 6(f)da\flOl(TlV,
eot/ee.
l

ovS" ovrui

yepapov fiaaXfji yap dv8pl

p.01 eVert, <ptXe iicvpe,

Tov
o>9

8'

'EXevrj fivBoiaiv dfietfieTo, 81a yuvacKcov

Seivos re'

alSolos re

ofeXev ddvaTos

p.oc

d8eiv a09, QiriroTe 8evpo

vlii crco 7r6p,r)v

ddXap-ov yvoirovs re Xnrovcra

OfirjXtKi'ijv

iral8d re rrjXvyerrjv Kal

iparecvqv.

'75

dXXa rd y ouk eyevovro

tovto 8e toi
OVT09
epico,

to Kal KXaiovaa TerrjKa.

y)8e

fi

dveipeai

p.eraXXd^'

7' 'ATpetdrj*;,

evpv Kpeicav 'Ayafiep-vav,

66
ap,<poTepov, (3acrikev<i

IAIAA02

T.

t dyaObs Kparepo<i t
1

alyjit)Tr)<i'
J

Sarjp
'

avr

e'/xo?

eovce kvvcottiSo ;, ei ttot

8'

eijv ye.

12$ (pdro, tov

o yepcov r/ydacraTo (fxevrjcriv re*

6) p,tiK,ap
rj

^ArpetSi], /jLOipTjyeves, 6\/3i68aip,ov,

pa vv

tol TToXkol 8e8pa]aTO Kovpoi Ayaiiov.

r

r]6t)

ko\ <&pvylr\v elo~7]\vdov dp,ire\6ecrcrav,

ir\ei(TTOv<i <&pvya<>
/cal

evda tSov

avepas alo\o7T(o\ov<;,
dvTiOeoto,

'85

\aov$ Orprjos
ol

Mvy&ovos

pa tot i<TTpaToa3VTO irap o%0a<; ^ayyapioio'

OT6 T ffkdov 'Ap,a6ve<; dvTidveipat,'
eX,i/c&)7re?
'

Koi yap iyoiv eiriKovpo^ ecbv p,eTa toIctiv iXe^drjv

i]^.aTi to>,

(CKK ov8 ol Toaoi rjcrav octol

AyaioL

next, Odysseus j

Aeinepov avT 'OSucrrJa

ei7r

I8a>v ipeeiv 6 yepaios*

dye

fxot, /cai

Tov8e, cptkov Te/co9, 09 Tt9 08' earl'

'

/xeiW

fiev K(pa\fj

Ayap,ep,vovo<; 'ATpetBao,

vpvTepo<> S' (bp,oicriv I8e crTepvoLcriv ISeadai.

Tevyea

p,ev ol /cecTat eirl -y6ov\ 7rov\v(3oTeip7},

&>9 7rt7r(okeiTai

195

auTos 8e ktlXos

aTL%a<; dv8pa>v

dpveia) p,tv iyco ye ita/cco 7rr]yeaip,dWa),

T otcov pbkya iroiv Siep-^eTai dpyevvdcav. Tov 8' f)p,eLfteT evretd' 'E\evr/ Aibs eicyeyavZa' OUT09 S' av AaepTidBrjs, Tro\vp,rjTL<i 'OSvo-aeix;,
09
09 TpdcpT) iv 8rjp,q) 'Iddfcrjs /cpavaf) ; irep eovaTjs,
1

200

et'Sa)9

iravToiovs re S0X0U9

teal fir]8ea

irvKvd.

Trjv 8
o)

avT ^AvTijvwp
rj

ireirvvpLevo^ ovtLov rjv8a'

yvvai,

p,d\a tovto

eiro<; vrjp^epTe^

eewres*
205

tjStj

yap

ical

8evpo ttot rj\vde 810s 'OSvacreix;

o~ev eveic

dyyeXirjs avv aprjl^tXw MeveXdco.

IAIAA02
toj)<? 8' i<yu>

T.

67

e^eivtaaa

/cat

iv iieydpoiai <pi\7)o~a,

dfMporepcov Be cpvtjp iSdrjv KaX fxrjBea irv/cvd.

dXX" ore
(rrdvTwv
dfKpco

Brj

Tpooeacriv ev dypofie'votaiv efit^dev,

fiev

Mevekaos

inreipe^ev evpeas

a>fiov<>,

2l

8' k^ofievu)

yepapcoTepos
kcl\ piijBea

r/ev '08vcro~ev<;.

<tX,V ore
i)

Bq fivdovs

irdcnv vcpaivov,

tol

fjuev

MeveXaos eirLTpo^dBrjv dyopeve

iravpa
ouS'

fiev,

dWa fidXa \iyea><>,

eirel

ov 7ro\vp.v9o<;
rjev.

dcf>afj,apToe7rr)<;, el
8i) 7ro\vfir)Tt<;

KaX yevei vo~Tepo<>

'

>

dX)C ore

dvattjeiev 'OBvo-aevs.

ardcncev, viraX Be Z8eo~Ke

afcrJTrrpov 8'

Kara
ovtg

%6ov6<;

op,/jt,ara irr)t;a<;,

ovt

ottlctq}

irpoTrpT}vk<i iveofia,

dX)C

dcrTfj,(p<;

e%eo~Kev, dtSpei (pearl eoiKcos

<pai7)<;

K ^ukotou re tlv efi/ievat a<ppovd t

Brj

avTW

220

a\\' ore

onra re p,eyd\7)i> K o~rrjdeos

eirj

KaX eirea ovk av

ov Tore y

vi<pd8eo~o~iv

eoiKora ^eifiepiyacv,

eireiT
a>8'

'OBvarjty epcacreie fipoTos

'OBvcrrjos cuyao'adpLeb

dWos*

elBo? ISovres.

third,

Ajax.
6 yepaio?'

To rpvrov avr Alavra

TA9

IBoov epeetv

225

dp' oS'

dXkos '^l^ato?

dvrjp

rjv<;

re fieyas re,
<o/aov<;
;

^X 0<?
Tbv
ovtos
8'

-Apyelcov rcecpaXtfv re KaX evpeas

S'

'EXevT) ravv7re7rXo<; dp,ei/3eT0, Bla

yvvaiK&v
230

Atas
8'

ecrrX ireXxopios,

epKos 'A-^aiSiv
0eb<; &>?

'IBofievevs

erepcoOev evX KprJTecat

eaTi)K

dp,(f>X

Be pbiv Kp-qroiv dyoX r/yepeOovrai.

ttoWuki
oi'km
ei>

fitv %eivio~aev dpTjccpLXo<i

MeveXaos

rjpLerepw, oirore Kpi)rrjdev Xkovto.

68

IAIAA02
As her eyes run
over the

r.

host, they fail to find

Castor

and

Polydeukes.

Nvv
oils

8'

aWov?

'

p,ev

iravra^ opw eXiKcoira^ Ayaiovs,

*

K6P iv yvoirjv icai t ovvopua

0'

p,v87]<ralp,r]v

235

8oiu> 8

ov 8vvafJbcu I8eeiv KocrpbrjTope Xawv,

KddTopd
rj

'nnr68apov

feat

7ruf

dyadbv Ho\v8evKea,
p.r\Tr]p

avTOfcao-LyvrjTCt), r<o

pot

jxia

yeivaro

ov% ea7ria0r]v Aa/ce8aip,ovo$ i

ipareivr]<i,

fj

8evpa> p,ev eirovro veecra eve TrovTOiropourtv,

240

vvv avr ov/c iOekovcrt fid^rjv Kara8vp,evai dv8pSiv

alcyea SetStOT69 kcu 6vei8ea

1

iroKhJ,

fiol iariv.

12$ (pdro, tov$

8' 7]8tj

Kare^ev

<pvai^oo<;

ala

iv Aafce8alfiovt avdc, (pCky iv trarpihi yairj.

The herald Idaios

his chariot,

delivers the summons to Priam, who mounts accompanied by Antenor, and drives out upon the plain, where the two armies are assembled.
Ifrfpv/ces S'

dvd darv dewv (pepov

op/cia irvo-rd,

2 4S

apve 8va>

ical

olvov iv<ppova, Kapirbv dpovprjs,

datca) iv aljeuo

(pipe 8e tcpr)Tr}pa cpaeivov

Krjpv^ 'ISalos 7)8e yjpvaeia KVireXka'

oirpvvev 8e jepovra TrapiardpLevo ; iireeaaLV

1

"Opcreo,

Aaop,e8ovTid8r)
*

icaXeovcnv apicrroi

2 S

Tpd)(OV 0' iTTTTohdpbWV KCU

AyCUOiV ^oXKO^tTCOVCOV

e? 7re8[ov Karafirjvai, iv op/cia incrTa, rdpbrjTe.

avrap A\e^av8po<;

'

fcal dp7]t(f)L\.o<;
dp,(f>l

MeveXao?
yvvaiKi'
2 55

p,aicpfi<; iy^elrjcrc pba^rjaovr

tw

8e Ke viK7]cravTi yvvrj koX KT^piad' eiroLTO'

01 8'

dWot
e'<?

(piXoTrjra kcu op/cia Triard Tapbovres

vaCoipLev Tpo'vt]v ipiftdiXa/ca, rol 8e veovrcu

"Apyos

iTTTTofioTov Kal

^A^adZa KaWiyvvaiKa.

AIAAO2

T.

69

*/2v (f>dro, piyrjaev

Xirirov^ ^evyvvp.evai'

8'

6 yepwv, eVeXeucre 8 eraipois

8'

rol

orpaXewi
8' rjvia

eiridovTO.

av

8'

dp

eftr)

IIpiap.o$,

Kara

relvev

oirUraw

irap 8e oi 'Ai'Ti'jvcop irepLKaXXea firjcreTO 8i(f>pov.

rot 8e 8id 'Zkcliwv 7re8iW8'

ex ov

< *

iK af t7T7rof?.
>

'j4\\' crre 817 p

lkovto p,erd Tpcoa?

teal

'A^cuovs,
265

ig

'(.ttttohv

a7ro/3dvTe$ irrl

ydova TrovXvfioTeipav

e? p.ecraov Tpeocov zeal 'A-^aiwv eoriyowvTO.

a>pvvro

8'

avTiK emena ava% dvBpwv 'Ayafiifivcov,

7to\v/j,ijtc<;
'

av

8'

'OBvaevs

drap

/crjpv/ces

dyavoi
270

op/cia Tricrrd decov

avvayov,

KpijTrjpt,

8e olvov

filayov,

drap fiaatXevcriv

v8cop eVt ^eipa^ %evav.

^Arpet&rj'i 8e ipvcrcrd/j,evos yeipeacri p,d%atpav,

rj

oi Trap icpeo<; p,eya KovXeov alev dcopro,

dpvSiv K /cecpaXeojv Tap,ve Tpi%a<i' avrdp eiretra

Krjpvices

Tpaxov koi 'A-^aicov vetpMV

dpicrroc*;.

roiatv

8'

'ArpeiB-qs p,eydX' eij^ero ^etpa? dva<ry<iiv

275

Agamemnon prays

to

Zeus and sacrifices

the lambs.

Zev
rjeXios

irdrep, "IBrjdev p.e8ea>v, KvBiare pbeytcrre,

6\ 09 TrdvT
zeal

<popa<>

ko\ iravr eiraKovets,

o't

Kal irorafiol

yala, Kal
oti<:

virevepOe Ka/xovraf
eiriopicov 6p,6o~<r7),
8' op/eia

dvOpcoirovs Tivvcrdov,
u/iet?

p,dprvpoi ecrre, (pvXdcrcreTe

Trurrd.

280

el p.ev fcev

MeveXaov 'AXe^avBpos

/car air ecpvj],

avro<; eiretd
77/u,et<>

'EXevrjv e^erto Kal Krqpbara iravra,

8 ev vqecai vecofieOa TrovTOTropoicnv

el Be

'

A\ei~av8pov KTeivrj gavdos MeveXaov,

eireiff

Tpcoas

'EXevrjv Kal KTijLuiTa iravr diroBovvai,

rjv

285

tlllt/v 8'

'Apyeiois diroTivejAev

tlv eoitcev,

JO
r\

IAIAA02

T.

re Kal iaao/xevotcrc /xer avOpcoiroiai ireX/qrau

el 8'

av

e[xol Tifirjv JTp/a/xo? TLpidpuoib

re 7ratSe?

riveiv ovk edeXcoaiv *A\e%dv8poio

7T(t6vto<;,

avrap
avQi

iya> Kal

eirena p.a^o'opiat

eive/ca 7roivr)<;

2 9

fievcov, ei&>?

Ke TeXos iroXe/xoto Ki-yeiw.

*H, Kal

diro aTOfj,d%ov<; dpvcov

eirl

rape

vrjXel

yaXKOi'

Kal tovs fiev KaredrjKev

Ovixov 8evopue.vov<i

%0ov6<; acnraipovra*;,

airo <yap p,evos eiA,eTO ^a\/co9.

2 95

olvov

8'

eK Kpijrripos d(pvacr6p,evoL 8e7rdecro~tv

?}S'

K%eov,

v%ovto

6eot<i
*

aleiyeverrjatv
re Tpcocov re*

a>8e 8e tis eiireo-Kev

Ayauav

Zev KvSiare
7

fieyicrre,

Kal addvaroi Oeol dXXoi,

OTTTTorepoi, irpoTepoc virep

opKta

Tr^fjbrjveiav,

o>8e acp

ejKecpaXos %a/id8i<; peoi

TeKecov,

eo?

o8e olvos,

avTwv Kal

aXoyot

S'

aXXoicrt 8ap,elev.
e7reKpaiatve Kpoviwv.
eeiire'

*f2<; ecpav,

ou8'

dpa

iroi <r(f>iv

tout i 8e Aap8avi8rjs Upta/xo? fierd [ivdov

After which Priam returns

to the city.
*

KeKKvTe
fj

fiev,

Tpwes Kal

evKV)']fii8e<;

Ayaiol'
35

toi eycbv et/u Trporl "IXiov rjvefioecraav

d^jr, 7rel

ov

iru>

rXi^aofx iv 6(pdaXp,oiaiv

opaaOat

pbapvdpuevov (ptXov vibv dpr)i<pLka>

MeveXdo)

Zeus
9

fiev ttov

to ye o!8e Kal dOdvaToc deol dXXoi,

3 l

OTTTTOTepw OavaTOio TeX.09 ireirpw^evov io~Tiv.

JEf

pa, Kal e? 8t(ppov apvas QeTo labdeos

<a)?,

av

S'

dp

efSavv
y

airro?, /eara 8' rjvia Telvev

oiriaaw

irap 8e oi
to) fiev

AvTr)va>p irepiKaXXea ftrjcreTO 8i<ppov.

ayjroppot, TrpoTi

dp

"IXiov dwoveovTO

IAIAA02

T.

71

Hector and Odysseus measure off the lists, and shake the helmet until the lot of Paris leaps forth.
"Eicjcop Be Ilpidfioio irdi? koX
8lo<; '0Bvcr<7ev<i

yutpov fiev nrpwTov Btep^erpeov, avrap eirena

/ckrjpovs ev Kvverj ya\icr)pei

irdXKov eXovres,

OTHroTepos

Br)

irpocrdev

d(f>eir)

ydXKeov

ey%o<?.

Xaol

S' -qptfaavTo, Qeolcri Be %elpa<;

'

dveayov
3 2

(bBe Be Tt? eiire'aKev

Ayaiwv

re Tpcocov re.

Zev

irarep, "IBrjOev peBecov, KvBio-re peyiare,

p,er dptyorepoicriv
edrj/ce,
el'crco,

OTTTTOTepos rdBe epya

rbv So? dirofydLpevov Bvvat Bopov AiBos

rjp.lv 6"
,x

av /2? dp

(pi\oTT)Ta /cal opicia

<-<pav,

tnard yeveaOau
Kopvdaio\o<; "EicTcop
32 5

irdXkev Be

/xeya<?
eic

d-^r

opocov Ildpios Be doeos

y

/cXypo? opovaev.

ol fiev 7rec0 t^ovro

Kara

crriya^, r)yi eicdcntp

'vmroL depai'KoBe'i Kai iroiiciXa

Tevye

e/ceLTO'

The champions arm themselves avi dp 6 y dp,<$ a>poicriv iBvaero revyea tcakd Bio? ^AXegavBpos, 'EXevTjs 7rocrt9 r}v/c6p,oio.
KvrjpuBas p.ev irpSira irepl Kvrjprjatv edrjicev

33

KaXds, dpyvpeoicnv
Bevrepov av

iTrtacpvpioi*;

dpapvla^'
eBvvev
clvtw.
8'

dooprj/ca irepl ar/jdecraiv

olo KaaiyvrjToco Avicdovo*;, rjppboae

dpL<pl B*

dp

oopoicriv /SaXeTO i<o?

dpyvporfkov
335

ydXiceov,

avrap

eiretra crdtcos

peya re ari/3ap6v re'

Kparl

S' eir

l<p0Lp,(p

Kvveijv evrvicrov edrj/cev,

A.o<o?

vmrovpiv Beivhv Be
a>9 8

KadvirepOev evevev.
ol 7ra\dpr)<piv aprjpet.

eiXero B aXtcipov ey%09,

aurco?

Mevekaos

dptfios evre

eBvvev.

72

IAIAA02

I.

and stride

into the lists.

01

8' eirel

ovv etcarepOev

6/jliX.ov

dcopij^drja-av,

34

e? pueaaov

Tpdxov Kal 'Ayaiaiv iaTL^ocovro

S'

8ecvbv BepKOfievoc 0dp,/3o<;

%X ev

elo-op6a)VTa<;
*

Tpwds

d' i7nro8dp,ov<>

Kal

ivKV7]fii8a<>

AycuovS'
345

Kal p iyyvs aT^rrjv StafierprjrS ivl %&>/3> aelovT irfxjetas aXkrj\ot<JLv Koreovre.
'

AXe^av8po<; irpotei 8oXi%oo-kiov 7^09, Kal fidXev 'ArpeiBao /car ao~irL8a irdvToa itcrijv
irpoaOe
ovft eppTj^ev ^aX/cos,
ao-irlBi ev Kparepfj.
,

8'

dveyvd^Qj]
7revt;dp,evo<>
p,e

Be ol alyji/q

o Be Bevrepos wpvvro ^a\/e3

Arpet8r]<i

MeveXaos

Au

irarpi'

35
eopye,

Zev

dva, 80s riaaaOai 6

ifirj?

rrporepos

kuk

Blov *AXe%av8pov, Kal

inrb

X eP aL

Bdp,acraov,

ocppa Tt? epplyycn

/cal o-^riyovcov

dvdpanrcov

^etvoBoKOv

icaica peat,

6 Kev (piXoTrjra irapdo-yri'

*H

pa,

ical dfJureTraXcov irpotev

8oXi%ocrKiov e'7^09,
i'tarjv.

355

Kal fidXe IlpiafilSao /car do~iri8a irdvroa

Bed dcoprj/cos 7roXvBat8dXov rjprjpeicrTO
Be.

Bid p,ev acrirLBos rfkOe $aeivr)<; o/3pip,ov 7^09,

/cal

dvTLKpv
e'7^09
,
'

irapal Xairdp'qv Bidfirjcre

eKklvOr) Kal

yi va
3^

S'

dXevaro

/crjpa fieXaivav.

Arp'c8r}<; Be ipvacrdp,evo<; t(/>09

dpyvporjXov
S'

irXr]^ev dvaayop^evo^

Kopvdos <pd\ov d/upl

dp

ai>Tco

TptyOd tc Kal Terpa^Od

^ArpetBr)^
S' oifico^ev

8iarpv<f>ev eKireae ^etpo?.

et'9

I8cbv

ovpavbv evpvv

Zev
f]

irdrep, ov Tt9 creio decov 6Xo(OTepo<;

aXXos

365

ecpdfj,r}v

TiaaaQai 'AXetjavBpov KaKorrjTo^'

vvv Be

ftoi

ev yetp~~ iV

&yv f ^09,

e'/c

84 fioi ey^o?

IAIAA02
rjtX^V Tra\dfiT]<f>iv iraicriov,

r.

73
/mv.

ov$ efidkov

'if, /ecu eirai^as tcopvdo<; Xdfiev iTnroZacreLris,

e\/ce 8' eVtcrTpe-v|ra? fier iv/cutf/MiSa?

Aycuovs

37

dy%e

8e puv 7ro\veo"TO<?

lp,d<i

diraXr^v virb Seiprjp,

0? ot vtt avdepeaivos o^eu? riraro Tpv(pa\ir)<;.

The combat

is

already decided in favor of Menelaos,

dite interposes, rescues

Paris from the victor,

when Aphroand transports

him

to his

own

bed-chamber,
/ecu dcrirerov
'

Kai
el
rj

vv

/cev

etpvaakv re
v6t)(T

ijparo kv8o$,

fir)

dp 6%v

Atbs Ovydrrjp AcppoSiTT),

l(f>i

ol pr)%ev Ifidvra

/3ob<>

KTcifievoio

375

/ceivr)

8e TpvcpdXeia dp! eenrero %etot ira^elrj.

evKvrjp,i8a<;
8' iptrjpes

T7)v fiev eiretd' rjpeos fier

plyfr

'A^cuovs
eralpot.

eirihivrjo-a^,

KOfiurav

avTap
pela

o dyjr eiropovcre /caTa/crdfievcu fieveaivcov

eyX ^ %tt\to>*
fidi\!

rbv

8'

i^ifpira^ ^Acppohlrrf
8'

3^

w? re 9eo$, iicdXv^re

dp

tfepi

vroWr),

/cd8 8' eler' iv 6a\.dfiu> evcoSei KrjdoevTi.

whither she summons Helen,

avrr)
8'

au#' 'EXevrjv tcakeovcr

v-tyrfkw, irepl 8e

c'

rr)v 8' i/clxavev

rjcrav.

TTvpya) i<p

Tpwal aXis

%etpt 8e ve/crapeov eavov irtva^e \af3ovaa,

yprfi 8e fiiv ecKvia irakaiyevki irpocreetTrev,
elpo/c6fia>,
rj

3^5

ol Aaieehaifiovi vaierocoarj

r)cnceiv eXpia
rfj

Ka\a, fidXiara 8e
A\e%avZpo<i

fitv (piXiec/cei/'
'

puv

ieicrapiivT] 7rpoo-e(pu>vee
1

8V

AcppoSiTi)

Aevp XB
Kelvos 6

'

o~e

/caXel oi/covSe vieadat.

39

iv OaXdfiw /ecu

hwwrolcn Xe^eco-iv,

'

74

IAIAA02
cttiX/3cov

r.

KaXXet re
dvBpl
,N

Kai

etp,acrcv

ovBe

zee (pair)?

"

fia-^Tja-d/uievov
r)e

tov y eXOelv,

dXXa yopovBe
395

ep%ead',

yopolo veov Xtfyovra KaQl^eiv.

rfj
'

/2? (pdro,

apa

dvpibv evl cnr\Qe<Tcnv opivev

Kai p

a)?

ovv

evorjere

deds irepiKaXXea Beipr)v

<TTY]Qed 0' lp,epoevra Kai op,p,ara pappualpovra,

OdpLfSrjaev

t ap eireira eVo? t ecpar

atfirst
resists,

e/c

t 6v6p,ae

who

but

is

compelled to comply.
rjirepoTrevew
;

Aaip,oviT), tl pue
rj irrj

ravra XtXaleai

p,
rj

irporepu) TroXicav ev vaiop,evd(ov

<&pvy(r)<;,
t)

<zet9
et

MrjovLr)? epareivr)^,

Ti9 tol real fceldc (piXos pepoirmv dvdpcoTrayv;

Br)

ovveKa

vvv BZov AXe^avBpov MeveXaos

ipue

'

VLKrjcra<;

edeXei crrvyepr)v
Br)

o'UaS dyeadai,
7rapecrrrj<i ;

rovveKa
r)cro
fir)??

vvv Bevpo BoXocppoveovcra

8'

45

irap avrov lovcra, decov

diroecKe KeXevdov,

ere aoZat TroSeaalv vttoctt pesetas "OXvpuirov,

irepl icelvov ot^ve
r)

a\.V alel
els o ice
tceicre 8'
cr

Kai

e (piiXacrcre,
r)

aXo'Xpv

Trotrjcrercu,

6 ye BovXrjv.
e'lrf)

eya>v ovk elpa (yepbea-arjTOv Be icev

4 10

Keivov iropaaveovcra Xe%o<;

iraaai

p,(op,rj<xovTai

'

eyco

8'

Tpmal Be pu aye a/cpira

ae

OTrlcraco
6vp,u>.

Tr)v Be yoXcocrapevr) irpoae<pu>vee St' 'AcppoBirrj'

pur)

pH epede, a-yerXir),

p,r)

ycoaapiivr)

fiedeico,

t&)9 Be

a
8'

direydiiput a>9

vvv eKirayX^ icplXrjaa,

4'5

pbeaaw

dp,(porepoiv pujricropat

e%dea Xvypd,
Albs eKyeyavia,
4^o

Tpcixov Kai Aavacov, crv Be Kev KaKov oitov oXrjac.

'

12$ h(par

eBetcrev 8' 'EXevrj,

(3rj

Be Karavyopjevr) eavu> dpyr)ri (paeivw,

atyfj, 7rdcra<i Be

Tpwds XdOev

rjpx^ &e Bafarov.

IAIAA02

r.

75

Aphrodite and Helen enter Paris' s house.

At
7]

8'

or

'

AXe^dvBpoLO Bopov ireptKaXXe Ikovto,

/cie

dpcpiiroXoc fiev eireira #o<w? eirl epya rpdirovro,

8' ei? 8'

v-ty6po<pov 0dXapLOV

Bia yvvaiKwv.
A<ppoBiTT)
42 5

rfj

dpa

Btcppov

eXovaa

(piXop,p,eiBr)<i

dvrC
ocrcre

'AXe^dvBpoco 0ed Kare0r}Ke (pe'povaa'

fcovprj

ev0a KaQV 'EXevrj,

Aio$ alyi6j(pio,
8' rjvliraTre p,v0q>
'

irdXiv icXivaaa, Tr6<nv

Helen upbraids her husband with his cowardice.

"HXv0e<;
dvBpl
rj

i/c

iroXepbov

co?

axpeXes avTO0 bXeadcu

rjev.

Bap.el<i

/cparepw, 09 ipos irporepo^ iroaa

p,tv Br) irpiv

ay re (Sir) dXX Wi vvv

,

y ev^e dpr)i<ptXov MeveXdov Kol %epcrt koX eyxjel (pepTepos ecvai'

irpoKaXecrcrdt dprjtcptXov

43

%avTi<; p,aye(jaa-0ai ivavriov.

MeveXaov dXXd a iyco ye

435

iravea0ai

/ceXop,at, p,7jBe

^av0S MeveXaa)
iiir

dvrlftiov iroXepiov iroXepii^etv r)Be p.d')^ea0at

dcppaBew;,
Trjv Be
pvf] fie,

p,rj 7ra><?

rd%

avrov Bovpl

Bap,r)r}<$.

Udpiq

p,v0oicnv dp,eif36pLevo<; irpoaeenrev

,

yvvat, ^aXetrolaLv oveiBecn 0vpov evnrre.

vvv pbev yap MeveXaos ivcKrjaev crvv A0rjv7j,

Kelvov
8' ai>Ti<;

iyco

nrapa yap 0eoC

elcrt,

koX

r)p,Zv.

44

dXtC dye
ov yap

Br) <}>iX6tt)tl

Tpaireiopbev evvr)0evre'

7Tco

7roTe p! a>Be

epcos <ppeva<$ apxpe/caXv-tyev,

ovB' ore ere irpdrov Aa/ceBaip.ovo<> ef epaTetvfj<;

eirXeov dpird^a^ ev Trovroiropoicn veeacriv,

vr)<r<p 8'
<u<?

ev Kpavdrj ip,iyrjv (pCXorriTL koX evvf},

tcai p.e yXv/cvs i/xepo? aipet.

445

creo

vvv epapat

76

IAIAA02
pa, zeal

r.

*H

ap%e \e%o<r8e kiohv dfia

S' eiireT

a/coiTi?.

rob fiev dp' ev TprjToiai

/carevvaadev Xe^ieacnv.

Meanwhile Menelaos charges through

of Paris;
'ArpeiSr)?
ei S'

the battle-field in search

av

Ofiikov icpoira drjpl

ioL/cco<>,

7rov icradprjaeiev

'AXe^avhpov deoeiSea.

45

aXX? ov Ti? Svvaro Tpcocov /ckecT&v t eiriKovpa>v

Bei^ac 'AXe^avBpov tot dprjicpiXa) MeveXdtp.

ov fiev yap cpiXoTijTi y e/cevOavov, ei Tt9 iBolto Vjov yap o~(piv iracnv drrriyQeTO /crjpl p,eXaivrj.

and Agamemnon
Total Be

claims that Helen be delivered tip to the Greeks,

in compliance with the compact.

teal fieTeeiirev

Ke/cXvT

fxev,

Tpwes

ava% dvBpcov 'AyafiejAvcov /cal AdpBavoi r/B' eirl/covpoi'

455

vIkt) fiev Br) (palveT

vfjieis

dprjlcpcXov

MeveXaov

Apyeirjv 'EXevrjv

/cal KTrj/xad'

dp! avTrj

e/cBoTe, /cal Tip.r)v diroTLve/Mev r)v tlv

r)

eoi/cev,

Te

/cal iacrofievoio-t, /jlct

dvQpwTroiai 7reXrjTai.
8'

460

*\f29

ecpaT 'ATpe'iBr)?, eVt

rjveov

dXXot ^AyaioL

THE

ILIAD.

BOOK
The Gods in

IV.
council.

Ol Be

Oeoc

7rcip

Zrjvl Kadrf/j,evot r/yopoavro

<t<$>mti

Xpvcre<p

ev BairiBw, fiera Be
rol

ircrrvia "H/3r)

veicrap ewvo^oei'

Be

^pvaeois Beirdeaai

BeiBexar' aX\i]\ov<i Tpuxov iroXiv eia-opowvres.

Zeus taunts Hera with her

neglect

of Menelaos,
5

Autik iireiparo KpoviBr)?

AoiaX
p.ev

ipe0i%ep,ev "Hprjv

icepTop,ioL<; iireecrac, 7rapa/3\rj8r)v

dyopevcov
elcrl
*

MeveXdcp dprjyoves
ral
tg3

Oedcov,
AQ-qvr).

"Hprj t' 'Apyelrj Kal

ciXhS
r)

'AXaX./cop.evrji'i

rot,

voa<f)i

/cadrfaevcu elcropotocrat
<fci\.op,p,ecBr]<i

repireaOov

8'

avre

'AcppoBirr)
dp,vuec,

io

alel 7rapp,ep,/3\(OK Kal

avrov Krjpwi

Kal vvv e^eadoocrev 6iop,evov OaveeaOai.

o\\'

r]

tol vIkk] pJev dprj'i(f)i\ov

MeveXdov.
re-

and proposes

that the Gods decide whether the combat shall be newed, or peace be concluded and Troy re?nain unharmed.

'H/iet? Be (ppa^oy/jbeO^ , oVta? eo-rai rdBe epya,

7)

p'

clvti<;
r)

Tro\ep,6v re kclkov Kal <f>v\o7rcv alvrjv

(f>tXoTT)Ta p,er

15

opaofiev,

dfuporepoiai (3d\a)p,ev.

78
el 5'
r)

IAIAA02
av
Trca<i

A.

7o8e

iracri (ptXov icai

r}8if

yevoiro,

roi p,ev ol/ceoiro ttoXi? Hpiapioio avaicTos,

avTi<s 8

Apyeirjv 'EXevrjv

MeveXaos dyoiro.
proposal with indignation,
20

Athena and Hera hear

A

this

/2? (paO\ at

S'

eirejxv^av 'AdrjvaiT] re kcu "Hprj.

/ca/cd
r)v

ir\y]<jlai a'C
tj

r)o~Qr\v,

he Tpcoeacri fieSecrdrjv.
elire,

roi ^AOr^vaLT] d/cecov

ouSe ri

(TK.v^op,kvrj

Ail rrarpi, yoXo<$ 8e

fiiv

aypio? ypei'
irpoar]v8a.
desire,

Hprj

8'

ov/c

%a8e

arr)0o<i ^(oXov,

dXXd

and the

latter protests against the

thwarting of her

Alvorare Kpovl8r),
7TW?
e'#e'Xei?

ttoiov rbv fivOov eeiires.

25

dXiov Oelvai rrbvov rj8 dreXearov,

fioc
ittttoi

l8pco 6'

ov i8pcoaa pioya), Kafierrju 8e

~Xabv dyeipovcrrj Tlpidpup /cared roio re rraiaiv.

ep8''

drdp ov roi nrdvres erraiveo^ev

until

deol aXXoi.

Zens consents that she work her will upon the

city,

Tijv 8e fxiy^ 6~)(6rjoa<i Trpoakcprj vecpeXrjyepera

8ai/J.ovcrj t

Zeus

30

ri vv

ere

Upidp,o<i Tlpidpioio re Trai8e<;

rocraa
'IXtov
el 8k

fca/cd

p'etpvaiv,

6 t' dairep-^e^ peveaiveis

e^aXamd^ai
crv

evtcripievov irroXiedpov

7' elcreXdovcra irvXas kcu reiyea p.aicpa

35

tapov /3e/3p<w#ot? Ilpiapbop Upidp.016 re irdi8a<;

aXXovs re Tpoias, Tore Kev yoXov

ep^ov onto? e6eXei<;'
crol
p-r)

egarcecraio*
OTTiacrco

rovro ye veiKot
pier*

teal epiol p,ey*

epiapa

dp(poripoiai yevrjrai.

'

IAIAAOS

A.

79

threatening, however, to destroy such of her cities as he may please, in the future, as the price of his concession.

AXXo

Be tol epeco, crv S' ivl cppecrl fidXXeo arjatv

oTTirore Kev Kal eyco fiefiaco<; ttoXlv e^aXaird^aL

ttjv ideXco,
fir/

40

oQl tol (piXoi dvepes iyyeydaai,

Tt Siarplfietv top ifibv %6Xov,

crol

dXXd

fi,'

idcrai.

Kal yap iyd>

ai

BcoKa

ktcoiv

detcovri ye 6v/jlq>'

yap

vir^ rjeXio}

re Kal ovpava) darepoevrt,

45

vaterdovcrt iroXrjes iinyOovLaiv dvOpdrircov,

rdcov

fjboi

Trepl fcrjpt rtea/cero "IXios

iprj

Kal IIpi'afAOS Kal Xab$ ivfifieXico Hpidyioio.

ov ydp
Xol/3tj<;

fioL 7TOT /3<y/zo?

e8eveT0 Sairo?

itcrr)?,
77/iet?.

re

kv'lctt]^

re*

to yap Xdyoyuev yepa<s

accepts this condition,

Hera

Tbv B
rj

'

rjfielfteT

'

eireira /3o<y7T49 irbrvia "Hpt)

50

tol ifiol Tpet? p,ev ttoXv cptXTaTaL elat

ir6Xrje<i,

"Apyos Te S7rdpT7] Te Kal evpvdyvia MvKrjvrf

Ta<?

Biairepcrai, ot'

dv tol direyQaiVTaL

irepl KrjpL'

Tacov ov tol eyco irpocrO' icrTafiai ovBe fieyatpoy.

ec

irep

ydp
y^prj

cpdoveco Te Kal ovk elco

rj

BLairepcraL,
ecrcriy

55

ovk dvvco

(f>6oveovcr\ eirel

iroXv (pepTepo?

dXXa
Kal

Kal e/xov 6ep,evaL irovov ovk aTeXeaTov

elfiL,

Kal ydp iy<o #eo?

fie

yevo? Be

/jlol

evOev oQev

crol,

irpecrfSvTdTrjv tckcto

Kpovos
crrj

dyKvXofx,rJTi]<;,

dfjL<^OTepov, yevefj Te

Kal ovveKa

7rapdK0iTi<;

60

KeKXrjfiaL, crv Be irdcrL /lit' ddavaTOLcrLV dvdcrcreLS.

oU'

?]

tol fiev Tavd* viroei^ofjiev dXXtjXoicrL^

e/xoc'
eirl

col fiev eyco, crv 8'

8' eyjrovTaL Oeol

oXXol

80
dOdvaroi.
<rv

IAIAA02

A.

Be Bdcraov 'AOijvaiy eViTetXat

65

eXdelv e? Tpcocov KaX 'A^aioov (pykoinv alvr}v,

ireipdv 8' <w?
'

/ce

Tpooe? v7rep/cvBavTa<;

'

A%cuov<;

dp^oocn Trporepoi virep opicia BrfKrjaacrdaL.

and Athena

is

despatched to prevent the fulfilment of the treaty.

*\09 e(f>ar\ ouS' dirLBr)cre irarr)p

clvtLk

dvBpwv re

Oecov re'

'AdrjvaLTjv eirea irrepbevra 7rpoaT]vBa'

e<?

Al^ra pbdX'
rreipdv S' <w?

ice

arparbv e\6e pierd Tpcoas /cal \4^auou?, 70 Tpcbes V7repfcv8avra<; 'A^cnovs

dp^coai irporepoi vwep op/cia BrfX^craaOaL.

'v

/2? eirrcov corpvve Trapos puepiavlav 'ABijvtjv,

fty)

Be tear'

OvXvpLTroio Kaprjvcov dt^aaa'

rj/ce

olov 8' dcrrepa

7}

Kpovov

7rai? dytcuXopbtfreco,

75

vavTrjcri repa<;

r)e

arparco evpei Xacov,

'ievrai'

Xapbirpov'

rod Be re 7roXXol dirb a7nv9r)pe<;

rco eiicvV r)i^ev eir\

yOova TlaXXds
icai

'Adrjvr),

kc\B S' eQop* e? pueacrov

6dp./3o$ S' e%ev elaopocovra?

ei>Kvr)pLiBa<;
^

Tpcods 9' tTnroBdpLOVs

A^aiov<i.

80

coBe Be Tt? elirecTKev IBcov e?

TrXrjcriov
icai

dXkov
(pv\oTri<;

*H

'

avTis 7ro\e/xo? re
rj

/caicbs

alvrj

eacrerai,

(ptXorrjra puer

dp,cporepoiai ridden,
rroXepboto

Zevs, o? t' dvOpooircov

Ta/M'77?

rervKrai.
she urges Pan-

Entering the host of the Trojans in

lS

human form,

daros to shoot at Menelaos.

fl<;
r)

dpa

Tt<?

eiirecTKev 'A%aicov re Tpcocov re.

85

8'

dvBpl

liceXrj

Tpcocov KareBuaed^ opuiXov,

alxp.ijrf/,

AaoBoKcp 'AvjrjvopiBr), icparepco

IlavBapov dvTideov
BitypLevr/,

el irov icpevpoi.

rAIAAOZ

A.

8l

evpe AvKaovos vlbv dp,vp,ovd Te Kparepov re

kcnaoT\
Xawv,

dfi<pl

he yuv /cparepai crTi^es dcririardcov

90

01 01

eirovro a7r' AlcnjiroLo podtov.

eirea

dy^ov

8' larafiepr]

inepoevra irpoarivha'

*H
iraat
etc

pd vv
he

p.01

Tt ttlOoio

AvKaovos
zeal

vie

hat<ppov

r\ali]<;

Kev MeveXdo) e7mrpoe/j,ev ra-^yv lov,

ice

Tpcoeacrt

ydptv

Kvhos dpoio,

95

irdvrwv he p,dXiaTa ^AXe^dvhpo) ^aaiXPjl.

hi]

tov Kev

7rd/j,irp(OTa Trap

ayXad

htopa (pepoto,

at Kev thy
<T(p

MeveXaov

dprjlov,

'Arpeo<; vlbv

fieXei

hfirjOevra 7rvpfj<i etrifidvT* dXeyeivfjs.

aU'
ev%eo

ay' oicrTevaov
8'

MeveXaov

KvhaXlp.010,

100

'AwoXXcovi XvKrjyevei kXvtoto^co

dpvoiv 7rpooToy6va)v pe^ecv kXcittjv eKar6p.j37)v

oiKahe

vo<TTi]<ra<;

/epi}?

eh aarv

ZeXelr)?.

He
,N

is

persuaded, makes ready his bow,

and lets fly an arrow,

/2? (xt^ 'AdrjvaiTj, T&J he (ppivas acppovi Treldev

avriK

eavXa to^ov ev^oov l^dXov alybs

eKJBaivovra, heheyfievo? ev irpohoKpcri,

105

dyplov, ov pd 7tot' avros inrb arepvoio Tv^rjcras

7reTpr)<;

f3e/3Xr]Ki 777309

orr/dof

8'

vtttios

epurecre irerprj.

tov Kepa K

Ke<paX?]<i

eKKaiheKahcopa 7recpvKt'

Kal rd fiev daK^aas Kepao6o<; r\pape reKrcov,

Trdv 8' ev Xeo']va<;

no

^pvaerjv eireOi^Ke Kopdovqv.

Kal to fiev ev KaTedrjKe Tavvaadfievos ttotI yairj

dyKXivas
firj

'

irpoadev he craKea cryedov icrdXol eTalpoi,

trpXv ava'C^eiav dpr\loL vies ^A^aicov,

irpiv {HSXrjadaL

MeveXaov
7ra>/j.a

dpijiov,

^ATpeos vlbv.
eXer'
lov

115

avrap

avXa

(papeTpris, 4k 8'

82

IAIAA02

A.

d(3\r)ra nrrepoevra, p,e\aivewv epp,'

alilra 8'

oBvvdav

eVl vevpf) KareKocrfiei TTiKpbv oiaTOV,

120

'AttoWwvi XvKrjyevei kKvtoto^w dpvwv irpwToybvwv pe^eiv K~\.eiTr)v efcaTOfiftrjv ol/caBe vo(7Tr)aa<i lepf/s et? aarv Zekeliys.
evyero
'

e\/ce 8' ofiov yXvcfciBas re Xaficov

Kal vevpa

(Soeia,'

vevprjv p,ev pa%<p Trekacrev, Tofco Be aiB^pov.

avrdp

eirel Br] icvicXoTepes

pieya toEov ereive,

~kiy%e /3to?, vevpr) Be p,ey' Xayev,

6t;v{3e\r)<;

aXro

8' diaro?

125

/cad'

opuXov eiwnecrOai pieveaivwv.

a
severe, but not fatal,

which

i7iflicts

wound.

OvBe
i]
r)

creOev,

MeveXae, Oeol fidKapes XeXddovTo

Be Aios dvydrrjp dyeXeirj,
/Se'Xo?

dOdvaroi,

Trpcorr]

rot Trpoade

ardaa

eyeirevKe<i dfivvev.
a>9

Be roaov piev eepyev diro yjpobs,

J

ore

pir/Tr/p

130

TraiBbs eepyr) pivlav, o0 avrr) 8' clvt'

r)8ei

\eerai virvcp'

Wvvev 661

^a>aTrjpo<; oyi}e<i

Xpvcreioi avveyov Kal BnrXoos rjvrero dcopr)^.

ev S' eVeere ^warrjpi dprjpoTi iriKpbs oicrros'

Bid fxev dp ^(oarr)po<i e\y\aro BaiBaXeoio,

135

Kal Bid
pbirpr]^
r)

6(opr)KO<;

7ro\v8ai8d\ov rjprjpeKTTO
epv/xa %poo9, epKos ukovtcov,

Q\

r)v

e<f)6pei

ol TrXelcrrov epvro
,

Bid irpb Be elcraro Kal

7reypa-^re

t>}?.

d/cpoTCiTov B

dp

6'icrTbs

\poa

(pooro?

avTi/ca S' eppeev alpia KeXaivecpes

f ,

it;

doreiXr)';.

140

/2<?

ore ti? t
7]e

iXecpavra yvvrj (poiviKa

iraprj'iov

fiirjvr

Myovls
iTnrrjes

Kdeipa,

eppevai Xirirwv

Keirai S' ev dakdpbw, iro\ee<; re p,iv r)prjcravro

(popeeiv
'

/3acri\yi Be Keirai dya\/xa,

'

IAIAAOZ
afKporepov, Koap.05 #'
roioi
roi,
itttto)

A.

83
145

eXarrjpi re kvBo$'

MeveXae,

p,idv6r)v atfiart prjpol

evcpvees Kpfjfiat re IBe

acpvpa kuX' virevepOe.

is

Agamemnon

struck with dismay,

'Piyrjaev 8' ap* erreira aval; dvBpcov 'Ayap.ep.vcov,

&>?

elBev p,e'Xav alpia /carappeov

ii;

oyreiXr)^'

piyrjaev Be /cat ai/ro<? dprjicf>iXo<;

to?

MeveXaos.
itcro?

150

Be IBev vevpov re ical oyicovs

eovras,

dyfroppov 01 6vp.b<; evi arrjOeaaiv ayepdrj.

Tot<?

Be fiapv arevdyjav p,ere(pr} /cpeicov 'Ayap,eavo)V

%eip6<;

eywv MeveXaov errearevdyovro

optc

8'

eraipoc
155

$Tke Kaaiyvrjre, Odvarov vv roi

dlov
a>9
oil

era/xvov,

irpoarrjaa^ irpb 'A%ai(bv

o"'

Tpwal yudyeaQai,

e/3aXov Tpwes, Kara 8' opKia rriard rrdrrjaav.

p,ev 7r&)9

dXiov 7reXei opKiov alp,d re dpvwv.

aKprjroi ical
ical

airovBal t
el irep
l/c

Belial,

7/9

eTreTuOfiev.

yap re
teal oyfre

avriK '0\.u/i7rt09 ovk ereXeaaev,

160

re

reXel,

avv re fieyaXw direriaav,

yvvai^i re
ical

avv
ev

afyfjaiv Ke<f>aXr}ai

reKeeaaiv.

yap

eyco roBe olBa

r/p.ap,

Kara (ppeva Kal Kara 6vp,6v

ip>]

eaaerai

or* dv 7tot' oXwXrj "IXios

ev/u.p,eXtco

Kal IlpiapLOS Kal Xabs

IIpidp.010,

165

Zevs
rfjaB
'

Be

a<f>i

KpoviBrj^ vy\ri%vyo$, aidepi vaiiov,

epep,vi]V

avrbs emaaeirjaiv

alylBa rrdai
p.ev

dirdrT)^ Korecov.
p,oi

rd

eaaerai ovk dreXeara

0)

dXXd

alvbv a%09 aedev eaaerai,

irorp.ov

MeveXae,
170
'

aX Ke ddvrjq Kal

dva7rXrjarj<; /3ioroio.
iKOLp.rjv

Kal Kev eheyyiaros rroXvBtyiov "Apyos

aurUa yap

p,vr]aovrai 'A%aiol irarpiBos air)?'

'

84
kclS Si Kev ev%(o\r)v 'Apiyeirjv

IAIAAOS

A.

Tlptdpw koX Tpcoal XtVot/iev 'EXevrjv ceo 8 oared nzvaei apovpa

Keip,evov iv Tpolrj

dreXeVT^rw

ivrl

epyw.

175

Kai Ke Tt?

c5S'

epeet,

Tpcocov vireprjvopebvrwv

TVfi/3a> eiTiBpdiO'Kwv

MeveXdov
yoXov

KvhaXlp,oio

aW*
a)?

ovTco<i

&TTI iracrt

TeXecrec' 'AyapuepLvcov,

teal
Sr)

vvv dXiov cnparbv tfyayev ivdaS' 'A^aitou,

eftrj

Kai

oiKOvhe (plXrjv

e'9

irarpiSa yaiav

180

crvv fceivfjcnv vqvai, Xnratv

W9

Trore Tt? epeet'

dyaObv MeveXaov. rore p,oi ydvoi evpela ^6cov.

re-assured by Afeneiaos,
7rpocre<p7]

but

is

Tbv
Odpaei,

8'

inriQapavvwv
rl
iroi

/Jbr)8e

SecSicrcreo

gavdbs MeveXaos Xaov Ayaimv.

ovk iv Kaipi(p b^v

irdyr) fieXos,

dXXa
778'

irdpoiQev

185

elpvcraro ^wa-rrjp re nravaioXos

(op,d re
/cal filrpr),

virevepde

rrjv

^aX/e^e? /cd/xov avSpes.

'

Tbv at yap

8' dTrap,ei/36p,evo<; 7rpoo-e(prj /cpelcov

Srj

Ayapuepvoov

ovtco<;

eir),

<p[Xo<;

cb

MeveXae
190

e\o? 8'
(pdpp,a-),

Irjrrjp

7rip,dao-eTai 778' e7rt0i](rei

a Kev Traversal pueXaivdwv oBvvacov.

Talthybios to bring the physician Machaoti.

and despatches
'JET,

Kai Takdvftiov, Belov Ki^pvKa, irpoar)vha

otti rdyiaTa

TaX6v^i\
(poor'

Ma^dova

Sevpo KaXeaaov,

'AcrKXrjTriov vlov, dp.vfJ.ovos IrjTfjpos,

i8r]

ocppa

MeveXaov

dpr\lov,

'Arpeos vlov,

195

ov tis oiaTevaas e/3aXev ro^oiv ev elBobs

Tpuxov
,x

r)

AvKicov, t&5 p,ev KXeos,

afi/ju,

Be TrevOos.

/2? (par\ ovB'

dpa

01

Krjpvi; diri67)aev

aKovaas,

IAIAAOI
/3^ 8'
levai

A.

85

Kara \abv 'Ayaicov yaXKoycTcovaiv

M.ayiiova.

irairraLvtov ijpcoa

rbv 8' evorjaev

200

ko-raoT

dp<pl
01

Be pnv /cparepal crrr^e? acnriarawv

Tpl/CT]<;
e'

Xawv,

01

eirovro

i7T7ro/3oTOio.

dy%ov 8

[aTafievos eirea irrepoevra TrpoarjvBa'

is found,

Machaon

and dresses

the

wound of Menelaos.

"Opa\
6<ppa iBy

'AaK\T]Trid8ri, fcaXeei tcpelwv 'AyapLep,va)v,

MeveXaov
Avkicov,

dprjlov,

dpyov Aycuosv,
'

205

ov

Ti<?

6iaTvo-a<; eftaXev to^cov ev ei'8a)?

r)

Tpdxov

ra pev
apa

/cXeo?,

dp.p,t

Be irevdo^.

'fl? cpaTO,

tw
p'

8'

6vp.ov evl GTi')deaaiv opive'

fSav 8' lev at icaO* optXov

dXX' ore

Bi]

'(.icavov

fiXrfpbevos fjv, irepl 8'

dva arparbv evpvv 'Ayaicov. MeveXaos 210 avrbv dy^yepad^ oacroi dpiarot
o0t %av6b$
(poos,

tcv/cX6a\ 6 8' ev p,ecraoicrL irapiaTaro laodeoq

avTi/ca 8' eV ^oiarrfpo<; dpr)poTO<; eX/cev oicrrov

tov

8' i^eX/cop-evoto TrdXtv

dyev

6e'e?

oy/coi.

Xvae Be

01 ^coarrjpa iravaioXov ?/8'

fiiTpT)v,

virevepOe

215

i^wpd re Kal

ttjv

^aX/cyes Kap.ov dvBpes.

ep.ireae triKpos occtto^,

avrdp eVei
alp,

tBev eX/cos, 66^

677"'

e/cp,vi')<ra<;

ap' rfina <pdppLa/ca elBcbs

irdaae, rd 01 irore iraTpl <piXa <j>povea>v Trope Xei'pav.

Meanwhile, for the Trojans have renewed the combat, Agamemnon

exhorts the leaders of the Greeks.

"0<f>pa Tol dp(pe7revovTo fforjv

dyaObv MeveXaov,

220

ro<ppa 8' eVt Tpcocov arises rfXvOov dcnricndaiV'

oi 8' avTis
v

Kara reu^e'

eBuv, pvrjcravro Be ^ap/4779.

'

Evd' ovk dv fipi^ovTa

IBols

Ayap,ep.vova Blov,

86

IAIAA02
ov/c

A.

ovSk KaraTrTOiacrovT\ ou8'

eOeXovra fid^eadac,
225

dXXa

jjuaXa (Tirevhovra ixdyjiv e? KvSidvetpav.

i7T7Tov<; fiev

yap eaae
in'0.9

ical

apfxara TroitcCXa yaXicqt'

1

teal toin?

fxev

Oepdircov dirdvevd

eye (pvcnocovTas

EvpvfieScov,
tc3

UroXe/xatov Heipathao'
fiiv

fidXa ttoXX' i7rereXXe irapiayepLev, oinroTe Kev

81a.

yvla Xdfirj /cdfiaTO? 7roXea<?

Kotpaveovra'

230

avrdp

7reo9

icov e7re7rtX.etTO

arl^a? dvhpwv.

He encourages
Kai p

the zealous,

0&9 fiev airev8ovra<i tSoi

Aavawv

ra'yy'rrdiXwv,

tovs fidXa dapavvea/ce irapL(rrdixevo<i

'Apyeioi,
fJbrj

eVeecrcrtz/

iroi

ti fiedlere Oovpihos dX/cr)?'

ou yap

iirl

TfrevSeaat irarr^p
virep

Zeiss
opicia

ea-aer^ dpwyos,
BrjXrjcravro,

235

dAA,' 01 irep irporepot

tcov
37/i.et?

rj

rot ai>T(ov repeva

%poa

yvires ehovrat,
/cal

avr^ dX6yov<; re (ptXas

v^irta re/cva
eXay/jtev.

d^ofiev iv vrjecrcnv, eirrjv tttoXUOpov

and upbraids
Ov<> Tivas

the sluggish.

av

fiedievTas 1801 crrvyepov iroXefioio,

eireecratv

240

tovs fidXa
'Apyeloi
ric^d'

veuceieo~K yoXcorolaiv
16/xcopot,

eXeyyees, ov vv ae/3eade ;
rjiire

ovtcos eaTrjre re6rj7r6re<;

eirel

veftpoi,

at T
to?
rj

ovv e/capov 7roXeo9 irehioio deovaai,

kendo-*, ouS'
v/Jtets

apa

t/?

crept

/Merd (ppeal ytyverat

dX/ay

245

crT7}T reOriTrores

ov8e fjtdyeade.
vrjes

/xevere

Tpcoas a^eSov iXOe/xev, evda re

7roXtf}<>

etpvar* evirpv/xvot,
ocppa
'&7)t\

eVi 6tv\ daXdaar)*;,

at

vfifxiv

inrepayr} yelpa Kpovtcov

IAIAA02
,v

A.

87
arlya^ dvBpcov

.f2?

o ye Koipaveeov 7re7r<wXe cro

250

yj\Oe 8' eVi KpijrecrcrL kloov

ot

dvd ovXafiov dvBpwv.

8' apLtp'

'ISofievrja

Baicppova dooprjaaovro'

'IBofievevs fiev ivl 7rpofid%ois, av'i etKe\o$ aXietpf,

Mr/pi6vT]<; 8'
~ov<i

dpa

01

7rv/j,dra<;

wrpvve (pdXayyas.

Be

IBcov ytjdrjaev
8'

aval;

dvBpwv

^Ayafiifivoiu,

255

avTLKa

'IBop-evija TrpocrrjvBa fMeiXi^ioiaiv'

Exhorting single

leaders,

he comes first to Idomeneus

'I8op,evev, irepl fiev o~e

rjfiev
>

rico

Aavawv

Ta)^v7rct)\(ov

ivl TTToXeficp

7/8'

dWoiw

eVt epya

rjB

iv Bai0\ ore irep re yepovaiov aldoira olvov

'Apyeicov oi dptaTot ivl Kpi)rr\pi Kepatvrai.

el irep

260

yap

t'

dWoi

ye Kaprj

/copLOcovres

'

Ayaiol

Bairpov irivcoaiv, o~bv Be irXecov SeVa? alel

^crT7?X> w? aXX' opaev
irep ifMOi, irieetv, ore Ov/jlos dvd>yr).
7r6\efi,6v8' ,
1

olos 7rdpo<; ev%eai elvai.

Tov

8'

avr

'IBofievevs, Kprjrcov dyos, dvriov rjijBa'

265

^ArpeiBt], p,d\a p,ev toi iyoov ipi-qpos eralpos

eaaofiai,

a><?

to irpcoTOV vireo'Trjv Kal Karevevaa'

tlXX
6<f>pa

dWovs

orpvve Kaprj Kop.Q<avra<$ \4^atou9,

iirel

rd-^icna p.a^u>p.ed\
Tolcriv 8'
iirel

avv 7' op/a' eyevav

KtjBe'
oirio'cruy

Tp6ie<i'

av ddvaros Kal

27J

eaaer\

irporepoc inrep opxia BrjXijaavro.

next, to the
,y

Ajaces ;
yrjOoo-vvos
terjp.

fl<i

e(f>aT*

'Arpeihris he

tr a pepper

rj\6e 8'
tco

eV

AldvreacL

kliov

dvd ov\ap.bv dvBpajv

Be Kopvaaeadrjv, d/xa Be ve<pos

eiWro

ire^oiv.

'

'

88
ft>?

IAIAA02
8' or' arrb

A.

a/coinf)?

el8ev ve(po<; aliroko*; dvrjp

vtto Zecpvpoio
Icorjs

275

epyopuevov
ru>

Kara rrbvrov
Kara

8e t' avevQev eovrc p,eXdvrepov rjvre iriaaa

rrbvrov, ayet 8e re XaiXaira iroXXrjv,

(palver' ibv

piyrjaev re ZBcov vtto re aireoq tfXaae prjXa'

rolac dp,' Aldvrecrcn Biorpecpecov al^rjwv

hrjlov
e<?

280

rroXepiOv irvKtval Ktvvvro (pdXayyes

/cvdveai, adtceaiv .re Kal eyyeat, nrecppiKvlai.

real rov<i puev

yr)di)aev I8a>v Kpeicov 'Ayap^epvcov,

Kai

a<pea<; (pcovrjcra<; errea

rrrepbevra Trpocrrjv&a
285

AXavr\ 'Apyeiwv rjy^rope yaXKoytrdivwv, a<po!)i p,ev (ov yap eoi/c' orpvvepev) ov ri KeXevw avrco yap p,dXa Xaov dvcoyerov l(f>c p^dyecQai.
at ydp,
rolo<;

Zed

re irdrep

/cal

'AOtjvalr] ical "AttoXXov,

rrdcnv 6vpb<; ivl arrjOeaai yevocro'

rco

zee

Tay^
vcp'

r/pvcreie 7ro\t?

Ilptdpoio

avatcro*;.

290

yepalv

^fiereprjaiv dXovcrd re rrep6op,evrj re.

next, to

A estor ;
r

*f2s elirbiv roil? pev Xlirev avrov, evQ' 6 ye

ot>?

fBr/

Be pier' aXkovs.

Near op'

ererpue,

Xiyvv IIvXicov dyoprjnjv,

erdpovs crreXXovra Kal brpvvovra pdyeadai,

dp<f>l

peyav UeXdyovra
p,ev
8'

'

AXdcrropd re Xpopulov re

295

A'ipova re Kpeiovra Blavrd re, iroipueva Xacov.

7T7r7}a<?

rrpwra avv "rnroicnv Kal

8'

o%ecr(f)iv,

7rebi)?

e^oTTiOe errrjerev iroXeas re Kal ecr^Xou?

e? peacrov eXacraev,

epKos epev rzoXepoio' KaKovs

o<ppa Kal

ovk iOeXoov

Tt<?

dvayKaiy iroXepi^oi.

300

nnreixriv p.ev irpwr' eirereXXero' tou? yap dvcoyet

cr^ou? ittttovs eyepev pr)8e KXoveeadat opuiXai'

IAIAAOS
MrjBe Tt? LTnroavvrj re Kal
0*09 Trpod'
firjB'

A.

89
7re7roi6a)<i

r)voper)<pi,

aWcov

p.ep,drco

Tpweaat, [xd^ecrdaL,
305

dvaytopeirw dXairaBvorepoi yap eaeade.

k
avi]p

09 oe

airo cov o^ecov erep

iirel
rj

app.au

iKrjrai,

ey^et ope^daOo),

7ro\v cpeprepov ovrco.

rei%e' eiropdeov
1

a>Be koI 01 rrporepoi 7ro\ca<; Kal

rovBe voov Kal

*fl<;

0up,6v evl aW)6ecraiv e^ovre ?.

iro\ep,u>v ev elBcos.

yepwv wrpvve irdXat

(pctivrjaas

310

Kal rbv p,ev yrjdrjaev lBd>v Kpeloov 'Aya/juep-vcov,

Kal pnv
*/2

eirea irrepbevra TrpocrrjvBa'

a>?

yepov,

eW,

#17x09 evl nr^Qecrat (plXoiatv,

et'77.

<W9 roc

yovvad'

eiroLTo, $it] Be roc e//.7re8o9

dWd
Tov
,

o~e

yripas relpec ojioiiov a>9 6<\>e\ev

crv

rt<;

315

dvBpwv

aA.A.09 e^etv,

Be

Kovporepoicrc p,ereivai.

B' -qfiel/Ber' erretra Tepi]vio<;

imrora Neo-rcop'
avrb<>

ArpelBi], p,d\a p,ev rot

a)? ep,ev,
a>9

eyoiv edeXoipii Kal

ore Blov 'EpevOaXioova KareKrav.

dp,a irdvra
deol

oU'
el

ov

7ra)9

Boaav
fie

dv0paJ7roio~tv

'

320

rore Kovpos ea, vvv avre

Kal
C05

yrjpa? bira^ei.

dWa
f3ov\r)

iTTirevcn
'

pbereaaopcac r/Be KeXevaco

Kal fx,v0ocai

to yap

ye'pas
o'i

earl yepovrccv.
irep ifielo

at^/x.a? 6"

alxp.daaovat vecorepoc,

oirKorepoi yeydaat ireiroldao-iv re

f3lrj<f>iv.

325

next, to Menestheus,

*/2? e<par', 'ArpecBr]<; Be irapw^ero yrjOoavvos K?]p.

eup

vlov

Uerewo MeveaOrja
'

rfKy'^tTzirov

earaor',

dp,(pl

B'

Adrjvalot, prjaroipes dvrfjs.

90

IAIAA02
and to

A.

Odysseus,
7ro\vfA7)Ti<;

Avrap

ttXtjctiov

ecrrrj/cei
a/j.<pi

'OBvcro-evs,

irap Be KecpaWijvcov

crTi'^e?

ovk dXairaBval
dinr)*;,

330

eaTaaav ov yap iroi cr<piv aKovero \ab<; akXa veov avvopivofievai kivvvto (pdXayyes
Tpcoeov linroBdpaiv Kai

'Ayacoiv
'

'

01

Be fievovres

ecnaaav, OTnrore Tpaxcv

6p/j,i')crei

7rvpyo<i

Ayaiosv aXXos eireXdoiv

335

Kai dp^etav iroXepLoio.

to us Be IBcov vetKeaaev ava% dvBpeov 'Aya/jLe/xvayv,

Kai cr0ea?
'f2

<pcov7]cra<;

eirea irrepoevra TrpoarjvBa'

vie Ilerecoo,

Biorpe(peo<; /3acrf\?)o9,
/cetcacrp,eve,

Kai

av, KaKoicri BoXoicri

KepBaXecxfcpov,

rnrre Kara7rT(ocr(rovTe<; dcpearare,

acpcoiv
fiev t'

pbl/xvere

B'dXXow;; 340

eireoiKe p,erd irpdiroiaiv eovra?

ecrrajjiev rjBe p,dyr)<; /cavareipris

dvri^oXijcrai.
ep,elo,

irpdiTOi

yap

teal

Bairbs d/covd^ecrdov

oirirore Balra yepovaiv e<poirXi^a>p,ev 'Amatol,

evda

(piX'

OTTTakea icpea eBfxevai

rjBe

KinreXXa

345

o'ivov irivepbevai

peXnjBeos, o(pp' eOeXrjTov

el

vvv Be

(pl\a)<;

%' opowre Kai

Beica irvpyoi

'

Ayaiosv

vp,eiojv irpcnrdpoiOe yua-yoiaTo vriXel

ydXKw.
rebuke.

who resents Agamevinoii's

Tbv
7rco?

S' dp' viroBpa

lBa)u 7rpocre<pr) 7roXvp,7]ri<; 'OSvcrcret/-,

'ArpeiBr), irolbv ae eVo? (pvyev ep/co? oBovrcov.

Bi]
(pijs
icf)'

350

7ro\efMOLO yedieyev,

ottttot'

'Amatol

Tpaxrlv
oyjreai,

linroBdpLOUTLV iyelpofxev o^vv dprja

at Kev

rjv

eOeXycrda, Kai

rot

rd

ptepjifXr),

T^Xefidyoio <pi\ov Trarepa

Tp<i)Q)v

irpop,dyoicn ptiyevra
fidgets.

iinroBdp.a}v

ah Be ravr' dvep,(oXia

355

IAIAAOS
Tov
eo<?

A.

91
'Aya/xe/xvcov,

8'

eTTLfieiStjcras 7rpoo~e<p7]

/cpeicov

yvco ywoybkvoio' irdXtv

8'

ye Xd^ero fivOov

Atoyeveq AaepTidBrj, TroXv/x^au' 'OBvcraev,

ovre
ere

vet/celo)
rot,

ireptcoacov ovre /ceXevco'

olBa yap w?
r\TTia

Ovfxbs evl crryjdeaai

(piXoicnv
t'
eyco irep.

360

B-qvea olBe'

rd yap

cppoveeis

dXX' Wi, ravra 8' oirtaOev dpeaao/xed', e't tl icaKOv vvv el'prjrai, rd Be irdvra deol pberapucovia Oelev.

He

reproves Diomedes for

want of zeal, and bids him imitate example of his father Tydeus,
(3fj

tlic

*/2? L7rcov tovs fiev XtTrev avrov,

Be pber' dXXov<.
365

evpe Be TvBeo?

vlov,

virepOvp,ov Aiop,r)Bea,
ical

karaor' ev 6'

'iTnroicri

dp/xacrc

koXXtjtoictl'

irap Be ol eo~Ti]Kei %6eveXo<>, Kairavrjios K/09.

teal

top puev veL/ceaaev IBoop

p,iv
<po)v)j(ra<;

tcpe'iwv

'Ayafxe/Mvcov,

Kai

eirea irrepoevra trpoarivBa'

"/2

p,ot,

TvBeos vie Bateppovos, iTnroBdfioio,

370

t 7TTWcrcret?, Tt 8' OTrnTeveis iroXefioto yeepvpas

ov fiev TvBei y' &>Se (ptXov Tnwcnca^ep.ev

r^ev,

dXXd iroXv
cb?
tjvTrjo-'

irpo

(ptXwv erdpcov iBovro

irepl

Brji'oicri

p.dye<j6ai,

(pderav oi p,iv

irovevp,evov
8'

ov yap eydi ye
375

ovBe

XBov

aXXayv (paal yeveaOai.

length.

whose exploits he recounts at

*Jf roi p,ev yap arep iroXepbov elarjXOe Mvicrjva<i

gelvos
a/i,'

dvTideco UoXvveLice'L,

Xaov

dyelpcov.
Qi]firi<;,

ol Be tot'

eaTpaTocovd'

lepa

717)09

refyea

Kai pa fidXa XicrcrovTO Bopbev

ol 8'

/cXeiroix;
ax?

irriKovpov;.

eOeXov Bopevac Kai

eirfjveov

iiceXevov

380

92

IAIAAOZ
Zevs
S'

A.

aWa

erpeyfre Trapaicria cnjfiaTa

cpaivcov.

ol 8' eirel
'A(TC07rbv

ovv oy^ovro
ikovto

I8e

irpb

68ov

iyevovro,

QaQvayoivov
Tv8i)
8k

Xe^eiroirjv,
'

evd'

avr' dyyeXcijv eVl

6
fti),

areiXav

Ayatoi.
385

avrdp
ev9'

7ro\e<z<?

KL^craro KaBfieLwva?
fiirjs

8acvvp,evov<;

Kara

hoifia

'EreoKXyeLrjs.

ov8e etyo? irep eatv 'nnrrfkara Tv8ev<;

ecov

rdpfiei, povvos

iroXecnv fiera KaS/xeLoia-LV,

8'
ivi/ca

dXX' 6 y' deOXeveiv irpoKaXl^ero, irdvTa

prjiBiw
aijr

to'it]

ol

eirippo6o<i rjev

'AOi'jvtj.

390

ol 8e %o\(0adfAevot KaBfieloi,

/cevropes 'lttttwv,
elcrav ayovres,
rjcrav,

dvaepyop,kv(js

irvKivbv

Xo%ov
8'

Kovpov? nrevTrjKovra' 8voj

r)yi]Tope<i

Maicov
vlos

Aip,ovi8r)<;,

eViet'/ceXo?

ddavdroMTiv,
395

t'

AvTO<f>6voio, [xeveirTo\efxo<; IIoXv(povTr)<;.

fiev /cat toIgiv

TuSeu?

deucea irorpLov
tei

etyrjice'

irdvTcis e7re(pv', eva 8' olov

ol/cov8e veecrOav

Malov' apa irpoerjKe Oecov repdeacri 7ri6->)o-a<;. toIos erjv TuSeu? AlraiXw dXXa rov viov
yetvaro elo ^epeia p-dyy, dyopfj 8 t'
''i^?

dfxelvo).

400

(pdro,

rov 8' ov ti 7rpoaecpr]

ivnrrjv al8oioio.
dfielyjraro

AiOfjLi'j8r)<}

alBecrdels fiacriXfjos

rov 8'

vld<i

KaTravrjos

Kv8aXtfxoLO'

Sthenelos repels
'ArpzLBr),
rjfiels
rjfxel'i
p.rj

Agamemnon's imputations.
adcpa
eiirelv.

-v/reuSe'

7rcardfM6vo<;
dp,eivove<;

rot irarepwv p,ey'

ev^o/xed' elvai'

405

koX

07]/3rj<;

eSo? eiXofiev kirTairvkoLO

virb
teal

travporepov Xabv dyayovd'

7Tt66p,evoL Tepdeao-t,

ret^o?

apeiov,

dewv

Zrjvo? dpotyfj'

IAIAA02
tcetvot

A.

93

Be o~(perepr)o~iv dra<j6aXir\<Tiv oXovro.

ru>

firj

pot rrarepas Trod'

ofiolr]

kvdeo

rifir}.

410

But Diomedes justifies Agamemnon's

though
it fall

reproof, in

view of its motive,

upon himself
Aiop,i]8r]<;

Tbv
ov

8' dp'

inroSpa I8d>v 7rpoae(pT] Kparepbs

rjcro,
e'/xc3

Terra, aionri]

8'

eTrnreldeo p,vdco.
iroip.evi

yap

ejQ) vep,e(Th) 'Ayap.ep.vovi,

ei)fcvi'ipt8a<;
'

Xawv,
'Ayaioi

brpvvovri p,d%eadai
rovro)
fjuev

Ayaiovs
ei

yap kvBos

ap,'

eyjrerat,

icev

415

Tpcoas

Brjdxrcocriv eXoocri

re "IXiov
*

Iprjv,

rovrcp o" av p,e'ya irevOos

Ayai&v

8rj(o6evra>v.
dXfcrj<i.

dXX' aye

8rj

teal

vcb'C

p,e8(bp,eda OovpiBos

*U

pa, /cat

e byewv avv revyecnv dXro ^ap,d^e'

eirl

Becvbv 8' eftpa-^e ^aX/co?

arrfdeaaiv dvatcros

420

opvvp,evov

v7ro

Kev raXacricppovd irep 8eos elXev.

the

The advance of

two armies

is

now

described.

*/2? 8' or' ev alyiaXut iroXvq^ei

Kvpa

6aXd<rcrr)<;

opvvr' eiraaavrepov Zecpvpov vito Ktvi]cravro^' rrovrw

p,ev

re irpwra Kopvcraerac, avrdp eiretra

425

ykpcrtp pr)yvvp,evov p,eydXa (3psp,ei, dp<pl 8e r' atcpa?

KVprbv ebv Kopv(povrat, d-Korrrvet

C09

6"'

dXbs d^yrjv

ror'

erraaavrepai Aavacov kivvvto (pdXayye?

iceXeve Be olaiv efcacrTo$
dicijv

vcoXepeois iroXep,6v8e.

rjyepovcov 01 8' dXXot,

Xcrav

(ou8e

ice

(pair) ;
1

roacrov Xabv erreadai eyovr' ev crijOeaiv auBtjv^)

0-4777

430

BeiBiores arjpdvropas'
eXapbire,

dp,(pl

Be irdcn

rev%ea ttoikiX'
Tpcoes B\
60?

rd

elp,evoc

eanyooivro.
dvBpbs ev avXf)

oies iroXvirdp,ovo<i

94
fivpiai aTt]Kacnv
ar}%e<} p,ep,aKvlac,
to?

IAIAAOZ
dp,eXy6p,evai

A.

ydXa

Xevicov,

aKovovaai oira dpvtov,

435

Tpcooov aXaXrjTos
rjev

dud crrparbv evpvv opcopec

6p,b<;

ov yap irdvrwv

dpoos ov8' ta yrjpvs,

ttoXvkXtjtol 8' eo~av dvSpes.
the Greeks by Athena.

dXXa yX&aa'

ep,ep,iKTO,

The Trojans are led by Ares ;

^Slpae 8e rovs puev "Apr)?, rovs 8e yXavKOi-m^ 'A9i]vrj

Aelp,6<i t' r)8e
<o/3o<?

Kal "Epis dporov p.ep.avla,

re,

44

"Apeos dv8po(j)6voio Kacnyvr)Tr\ erdpij

rj

t' oXtyr) p,ev

irptara KopvcrcreraL,

avrdp eirena

ovpavw
r)

eaT7]pt,j;e

Kapr) Kal eirl -%0ovl fSaivet.

a<ptv Kal Tore vel/co? opotiov ep,(3aXe pueacrcp

epxop,evr) /ca0' dpCXov,

ocpeXXovaa crrbvov dv8pdv.

445

The combat begins and results ztnfavorably for the Trojans.

01
o~uv p

8'

ot

8tj

p' e?

eftaXov

ptvov<i,

x&pov eva gwiovres 'lkovto, P dvhpwv avv 8' eyx ea Kal

'

^akKeoOwprjKOiV drdp
eirXrjVT'

do~7rl8e<;

opL<paXoeo~crai,

dXXrjXr)cn, 7roXu? 8'

olpbwyrj

6pvp,ay8b<i opcopei.

evOa
to? 8'

8' dp,'

re Kal evxwXrj ireXev dv8pwv

8'

450

oXXvvtcov re Kal oXXvpuevtov, pee

ore

aip,an yaia.

x eliiap'p 01

^o-rapol Kar' opea(f>i peovres

e? p,io~ydyKeiav crvp,fidXXeTov 6(3ptp,ov v8cop

Kpovvcov eK p,eydXwv,

koIXt)<;

evrocrde

x aP^P rl^'
455

Twv
co?

8e re rrjXoae 8ovirov iv ovpecnv ckXvc TToip.r]v'

TOiv pLiayopiivcov yevero la%7] re w6vo<; re.

The slaughter

is

begun by Antilochos, the son of Nestor,

'AvriXoxps Tpcocov eXev dv8pa Kopvari^v eaOXov ivl irpopidyoio'i,, GaXvcndBrjv 'ExeirwXov

ITpwTO?

8'

IAIAAOI
tov p' efiaXe
iv Be fiercoTTU)
7rp<wTO<? >c6pv0o<;
tttj^c,

A.

95

<pd\ov iTnroBaaeiT]^,
a/?'

Trepi]o~e S'

ocrreov

eto~a>

460

alyfiri ^aX/ceLT)fipiire 8'

<i?

tov Be ckoto? oaae KaXv^rev,

vap-ivrj.

ore Trvpyos ivl /cparepr}

/cpeicov

tov Be irecrovTa ttoBcov e\a/3e

Xa\KQ)BovTui$Jli, p,eya6vp.Q)V
eJuce 8'
V7r'
e/c

EXecpyjvtop

apxS 'AfidvTcov fteXecov, \e\tr]/jLvos ocppa TayjLGTa

p.ivvv0a Be 01 yeveO'
IBoov p,eyd0vp.o<;
opp.i).

465

Texr^ea o-v\r}o~eie'
ve/cpbv

yap

p'
01

epvovra

'Ayijvwp

irXevpd, rd

KvyjravTi Trap

dcnriBos ee(f)advdr),

oinrjae ^varat %a\jci]pi, \vo~e Be yvla.

a>?

tov

fxev

Xiire

0vp,6s,
icai

eV

avrS
01

8'

epyov i~6)(0-q
&><?

473

dpyaXeov Tpcooav
aXX.?;'Xoi9

'A^aicov

Be \vkoc

iiropovaav, avrjp 8' avBp' iBvoirdXi^ev.

and continued by Ajax, son of Telamon,

"Evd' e/SaV
rjtdeov OaXepov,
'

Av0ep,L(ovo<; vlbv TeXa/MovLo^ Aias,

2ip.oeiatov,

ov

ttot p-r)Tt)p

"IBrjdev KaTiovcra Trap' o^drjaiv Hipx>evTo<i yeivaT', iirei

475

pa TOKevcnv

dp.'

ecnrero p,f]\a IBeadai.

Tovveicd fiiv KaXeov ^ip-oelcriov

ovBe TOKevat

BpeiTTpa <pt\oi$ direBcoKe, p,ivvv0dBio<; Be ol ala>v

eTrXed' vtt'
irpoiTov

AXavros p.e~/a0vp.ov Bovpl

p,iv

Bap,evTt.

ydp
S'

lovra /3a\e crTr)0o$ irapa p,a6v

'

480

Be^Lov

dvTi/epv Be Bi
eV

a>p.ov

^d\Keov eyxs
Treaev
ai'yeipos
to?,

i)\0ev
rj

Koviycri yap.ai

pa

t'

iv eiap,evTj eXeo? p.eyd\oio

tt'

Tre(f)VK7]

Xeirj,

a.Tap Te ol 6oi
p,ev

aKpoTarrj Trecpvaai'

ttjv

0'

apjiaTOTT7)yb<; dvrjp
tcap^y^T)

aWcovi aiByjpw
8i<j>p(p'

4S5

i%eTap.\ 6<ppa itvv

TrepL/caWei

g6
r)

IAIAA02
/jbiv

A.

r'

d^ofxevrj

Kelrcu iroTapLolo Trap' o^Oa?.

tolov ap' 'AvOep.iBrjv

S tfxoetcrtou
"AvTi(f)o<;

i^evdpi^ev
aloXoOcoprj^
Bovpl.

Alas
tov

Bioyevrj<;>

tov S'

TIpiapLihri's

/cad'

ofitXov

d/covTicrev 6%el

490

fxev

afjLap9\ 6 Be Aev/cov, 'OBvcrcreos ecrdXdv kralpov,

ftefiXrjicei,

/3ov/3wva vkicvv eTepcoo-' epvovTW

rjpnre B' afxp'

avrw, vetcpos Be oi

eicireae ^et/ao?.

and by

Odysseus,

Tov
(3r)

8' 'OSfcreu? p,d\a Ovpxiv a7roKTa/jbivoio %o\codr},

Be Bid Trpofid^cov /ce/copvO/xevos aldoiri ^a\Kw,

Be p,d\' eyyvs
e Trairrrjva'i.
Itov,

495

crrr}
dfM(f)l

KaX dfcovTiae Bovpl

Tjocoe?

(facte iva>

vtto Be

/cefcdBovro
r)icev,

dvBpbs d/covriacravTos-

B'

ov% d\iov /3eXo?

Ar/fMOKocovTa,
Xinroiv a)fceida>v.

aW
0?

vlbv UpuifjiOLo voQov ySaXe

oi 'AfivBoOev

rj\6e Trap'

500

tov p' 'OBvcrevs

erdpoio

^o\coo'd/j,evo<;

/3d\e Bovpl

Kopcnjv

r)

8'

erepoio Bid tcpordcfroio ireprjaev

al^/Mrj ^aX/celr/'

tov Be o-koto<; oacre Kakvyjre.

dpdftricre Be Tev%e'

Boinrrjcrev Be ireaaiv,

eV

avTw.
505

^coprjaav

B'

vtto Te irpofxa-^oi real (paiBipos "EtcTcop'

'Apyeioi Be /xeya layov, epvaavTO Be veKpovs,

Wvaav

Be iroXv irpoTepw.
e/cfcciTiBoov,

ve/xearjae S'

'AttoWcov

TIepydp,ov

Tpcoeacri

Be fce/cXeT' dvaas.

until the Trojans are rallied by Apollo.

"OpvvaO'
'

i7r7r6Ba/j,oc Tpcoes, fir/S' eliceTe ydpp,r)<;

a<fri

Apyeiois, 7rel ov

XiOos %/3<y? ovBe criBrjpos

510

j(oXkov dvaaykaQai Tapbeaij^poa /3aXko/j,evoio-iv.

IAIAAOS
ov ixav
,v

A.

97
r/vKOfxoco,

oi/B'

'A%i\ev<;,

eViSo? rrdiq

fidpvarai,

dXX' eVt

/2^ (par' dirb

^oXov OvpuaXyea irecraeL. tttoXlos Betvb? 6eo<;' avrdp A-^aiov;

vrjval

&po~e Atos dvydrrjp KuSiarrj rpiroyeveia,

ep^ofxevr]
/cad'

515

bpuXov, bdt

p.ed(,evra<i

iBocto.
eTreBrjcre.

"Evd" ^AfxapvyKeiSrjv Accbpea

^epfxaBio)
Kvrffxrjv

p.olp'

yap

fiXr/TO irapd

a<pupov bicpibevTL

Be^crepijv /3dXe Be OprjKcov yo9 dvBpcbv,

'IfjiftpacriBrjs,

Ueipoos

09 dp'
icai

Alvbdev elXrjXovdet'

520

dp.(f)orepco

Be

revovre

barea Aaa.9 dvaiBy]?

vtttios ev Kovlr/at,

d^pis dirrfKoirjaev
Kairirecrev
6u/jl6v
dp,<f)Q)

'

%elpe cpiXois erdpoicri Trerdaca^,

B
'

diTOTrveioiv.

eTreBpa/jLev

09 p

'

ej3aXev irep

Uelpoos' ovra Be Boupl Trap' bficpaXov

e'/c

8'dpa iracrat 525

^vvro yap.a\ yoXdBes, rbv Be

The book
closes

er/coro9 oacre tcaXvyfre.

with the slaughter of Peiroos, chief of (he Thrakians.

Tbv Be @6as Alro)Xb<i direaavfievov (3dXe Boupl

arepvov inrep
fia^olo,
irdyr)

ev irvevpLOVi ^aX/co9.
e'/c

dy^lfioXov Be oi yXde Sbas,

8' 6fipi.p.ov e'7^09

eairdcraro arepvoio, epuacraro Be f/<o9 b^v,

rep

530

6 ye
B'

yaarepa
d/cpSfcofioi

rvijre fiea-rjv,

e'/c

8'

aivvro dv/ibv.

rev^ea
0/3?/i'/ce9

ovk direBvae'

Treplarrjaav

yap eraipoi
dyavbv
535

80X1%
teal

ey^ea

-%epcrlv e%ovTe<;,

01

p,eyav irep

ebvra

Ifydifiov ical

(bcrav dirb
a>9
?1

afyeiwv o Be ^aaadpievo^
Kovirjcri,

7reXep,ixdr).

tco

y' ev

Trap' dXXijXoiac Terdadrjv,

8'

roc 6 p,ev Gpyiccov, 6

^Eireiwv ^aXKO^ircovcov,
/cal

i)yep,6ve<;'

iroXXol Be irepl ktcivovto

aXXot.

98

IAIAA02

A.

"EvOa Kev ovkcti epyov

69 Tt? er

avrjp ovocrairo fierekdwv,

a/3\r)Tos ical avovraro^ 6ei ^aX/ea>

/xecraov ayot Be e

540

Bivevoi
%eip6<;

Kara

UaXXa?

'Adrjvq

eXovaa, arap fieXewv airepv/coo ipwijv

/ecu
"

7ro\\ol yap Tpcocov

Ayaioyv

r]\iaTi /ceiva)

irprjvee^ iv kovItjctl Trap'

aXkrjXoiai reravro.

THE

ILIAD.

BOOK
"Evd' av TvBetBr)
8a)K
Aiop,r)8eC
tv'

V.
into the fray.

Athena endues Diomede with might, and sends him

IlaXka^ 'AOqvr)

ixevos Kal Odpcros,

k8t]\o$ /xera iraaiv

'Apyeiouri yevoiro I8e

Bale ol
e/c

/cX,eo<?

eaaXov dpotro.
irvp,
5

Kopvdos re Kal acririho^ a/cup,aToi>

ivaXlyKiov,
69 Te pdXtcrra

do-rep* OTrcopivS

\afXTTpov

7ra/J,(palvrjo-c

\e\ovp.e'vo$ 'flfceavolo'

rolov ol irvp Baiev diro Kparos re

Sipae Be p,iv

Kal

a>/xa>v,

Kara pueaaov, 06 1

ifketaroi, Kkoveovro.
flees before

Phegeus falls, and Idaios

J

him.
dp,v/J,cov,

Hv

Be Tt?

ev

Tpdiecrai
Bvco

Adpr\s dcpveios
01
vies<;
tfo-rrjv,

Ipevs 'HfyaicnoLO'
$r)yev<;
to)

Be

10

'IBalos re, p,d^rj<i

ev

elBore

7rdo-rj<;.

ol diroKpLvOevTe
p,ev
a<f>

evavTito

opp,r)0)jrr)V

rot

lttttouv,

diro

%0ovb<; copvvro 7reo9.

ol '

ore

Br)

0"%e8bv r/aav

eV

dWtfXoicnv

lovret,
^'

$r)yev? pa irporepo? Trpotei BoXl^ockiov

TvBelBea) B
'

eyx

15

virep

Sipuov

dpicrrepov rj\v6' ukcokt)

8' varepo<;
/3eXo<t

ey%eo<;, ovB' e/3aA.'

avrov

wpvvro ^aX/rw
dep'

TvBetBris'

rov 8' ou% akiov

K(puye %eipo>;,
S'

aW

e/3<z\e o~rr)do<; puerafidtyov,

Sta-e

Ittttwv.

'IBalos

8' diropovae Xittqjv

ireptKaWea

Bccppov,

10

IOO
ov8' t\t) 7repi/3r)vai

IAIAAOS

E.

d8eX<f>etov KTap,evoiO'

ov8e yap ov8e

tcev

avros virei^pvye Krjpa p,eXaivav,

yepcov aKa^/xevos

dXX'
C09
8?]

" HcpatcrTO<i

epvTO, crdcoae 8e vvtcri KaXv\jras,

e'er).

ol

purj

irarfyy

'iirirovi

8'

i^eXdaas peyadvp.ov Tv8eos vlos

eirl
i>r)a<$.

25

8cokV

eTaipotaiv Kardyecv KoiXas

Athena next persuades Ares

to retire from the fray.

Tpwes 8e
ttcutlv
'Xjeipos

pbeyddvpbot iirel X8ov vie AdprjTos

tov puev dXevdp,evov, rbv 8e tcrdpevov irap

bpivdr)

o^eacpi,

Qvp.6s'

drdp yXavKUiirts
p.iat(j)6ve,

'Adi'jvr)

eXovcr

eireeaai 7rpocrijv8a

Oovpov "Aprja'
retyea-LifkrjTa,

30

'Apes, "Apes fipoToXoiye,

ovk

dv

8rj

Tpwas

p,ev

edcraipuev Kal

'A^aiovs

p,dpvao~0\ omrorepoiai TTar^p Zevs kv8o<; ope^rj

vcoi

8e ^a^cop,eaOa,

Aios
retire,

8'

dXeojpbeOa

p,rjvi,v.

The Trojans

and many

are slain

Odios,

*/2? elirovcra pd^r/s e^yjyaye Oovpov "Aprja.

35

rov p,ev eiretra KaOelaev

eV

rjioevrt
8'

^Kap.dv8pa>,
e/cacrTO?

Tpwas
'

8'

e/cXivav

Aavao'c eke
dvalc,

dv8pa

i]yep,ovo)v.

irpwros 8e

dv8pwv

'Ayap,ep,vcov

dpyov AXl^covcov,
TTpcorw

08lov pueyav,
81a

e/cftaXe 8i(f>pov

yap arpecpOevri
8e

p,era<ppev(p iv 86pv irrj^ev

ari'jOecrcpiv

40

copwv

p,eo-ar)yv<;,

eXaaaev.

[8ovTTT]aev 8e ireaoov, dpd/3r)ae 8e rev^e'

eV

ai)T<p.~\

Phaistos
'I8op,evevs 8'
Bciopov, 65
e'/c

and Scamandrios,

dpa

4>alo~Tov evrjparo,

Myovos

viov

Tdpvrjs epiftcoXafcos eiXrjXovOet.

IAIAA02

E.

IOI

tov fiev dp' 'IBofxevevs Bovpl kXvtos ey%ei paicpio

vv^'
if

45

'ittitoov

i7ri/3ria6p,ei'ov

pare

8'

if;

o^eoyv,

Kara Be^iov wpov crrvyepos o" dpa puv ctkotos

eavXevov Oepdirovre^'

elXe.

Tov

fiev

dp'

I8op,evi)o<;

vlov he Srpocpioio S/cap.dvSpiov, al'pova dijprjs

'ArpeiBr]^

MeveXaos

eX' ey^e'i o^voevri,

50

eaOXbv drjpTjrypa' 8i8ae yap *Aprepi<$ avrrj j3dXXeiv aypia irdvra, rd re rpe<pei ovpeaiv

vXtj.

aXX' ov

01

rore ye %paicrp,'
fjcriv

"Apre/juts

io%eaipa,

ovBe KT]i3oXiai,

rb irpiv y' eKeKaaro'

KXeiros MeveXaos
55

dXXd

fitv

'ArpeiBrjs Bovpl

irpoadev edev (pevyovra p,erd(ppevov ovraae Bovpi.

[cjfMcov fieo-crjjyw,

Bid

Be aTi]0ecr<piv

eXaacrei'.]

rjpiire

Be

Trprjvys,

dpaftrjae Be Tei/^e'
Phercklos,

eV

avra>.

Mijpiovijs Be
'

<&epeicXov

evi'jparo,

TeKrovo? vlbv
60

ApfMOviBeio,

09

yepalv eirlararo BaiBaXa wavra

piv icplXaro IlaXXas 'AOi'jviy

review e^o^a yap

o? koX 'AXef;dvBp(p reKT7)varo vr\a^ e'tVa?

dpyeKaicovs, at Trdcri ko-kov Tpweao-i yevovro

ot t' aiiTQ),
eirel

ov ri decov
ore
87)

eic

deo~(pa~a yBij.
Bicokcov,

tov fiev
fieftXTrjicei

Mripiovr/q,

KarepapTrre

65

yXovTov Kara
epnr'

Betjiov

7)

Be Bid irpo

dvriKpv Kara Kvariv

U7r'

oareov tfXvd' aKWKi].

yvvg

8'

olp.co^a<;,

6dvaro<; Be pnv dp.^eKaXvyfre.

Pedaios,

n.7)Baiov 8' dp'

09

e7re<f>ve

Meyrjs,

'

Avrr\vopo<i vlov,

pa

v66o(j fiev et)v, irvtca 8' erpecpe Bia

eavo)

70

102

IAIAAOS
re/cecrai,

E.

iaa (piXoKrt
rbv pev
@e/3XrJKei

yapi^opevT) rrbael

a>.

4>v\el8r)<;

8ovpl kXvtos iyyvdev eXdobv

KecpaXrjs

Kara

Iviov 6i;ei Sovpi'

1

avTLKpv 8' dv' oSovras virb yXwacrav rape ^aX/eo ?.

ripiire

8' ev /coveys,

^jru^pbv 8'

k'Xe

^aX/cov 68ov<riv.

75

Hypsenor.
Evpv7rvXo<> 8' Evai,povi8r)<i 'T^\rrjvopa 82ov,
vlbv inrepOvpov AoXorriovos, o?
dprjrrjp erervKro,

pa %Kapdv8pov
vios,

debs 8'

cos

riero 8rjpco,

rbv pev ap' EvpinrvXos, Euaipovos dyXaos

curb 8' e^ecre
%ei/j 7re8l(p

rrpbcrQev eOev (f>evyovra pera8popd8r)v eXacr'- oopov

(pacrydva)
d'i'^as,

80

X P a /^apetav.
L

alparoeaura 8e

rreae'
ical

rbv 8e rear' ocrae

eXXa/3e 7rop<pvpeos Qdvaros

potpa Kparairj.

Diomede

signalizes himself beyond all others in the slaughter of

the Trojans.

*fls ol pev irov'eovro

Kara Kpareprjv vapivrjv

perelr],

Tv8ei8rjv 8' ovk dv

r)e

yvotrjs rrorkpoicn
t)

85

per a Tpcoeccriv bpiXkoi

per' 'Amatols'

dvve yap dp, rre8lov irorapco rrXrjOovrt eoiKcos

yeipdppw, o? r' SiKa pecov eKe8acrae ye<pupas.

rbv
8'

ovr' dp re ye<pvpai eeppevai lo-^avocoaiv,

ta-^et

ovr

dpa epKea
S'
t7r'

dXcodoov epiOrfXecov,
eTTifipiar)

90

kXdovr^

e^arrivrfs,

rroXXd
cos

Albs opfipos avrov epya Kari]pnre kuX* al^rjcov.

or*
iroXees rrep iovres.

vtto

Tv8ei8y TrvKival KXoveovro (pdXayyes

Tpcocov, ouS'

dpa piv plpvov

'

IAIAAOS

E.

IO3

He
Tbv
Ovvovt*
at-v/r'

is

wounded by Pandaros,
95

8' &>9
a/jb

ovv evorjae Av/cdovo? ayXabs fto?

Trehiov, trpb eOev

Kkoveovra (pdXayyas,

eVl TvSetSr) eriralvero Ka/iirvXa ro^a,

eiratacrovra TV%a>v Kara Se^tbv co/ulov, yvakov, 8id 8' eirraro Tri/cpos ola'Tos'
aip.a,Ti

/cal

/3aA,'

6cop7)ico<i

avTi/cpi)

8e hieo-^e, iraXdaaero 8'

Ocoprj^.

100

tc3

8'

e7rt p.aicpbv avcre Avicdovos dy\ao<; vto9*

"Opwade
fiefiXrjTai
S?7#'

Tptoes p-eyddvfiot,

fcevropes 'vtvkwv
e
(f>7jpbt,

yap apiaro? ^A^acwv, ov8e

/3eX,o?,

dvayjqo-eaQai /cparepbv

el

ireov

p,e

Sipaev ava% Albs u/09

*{2<>

aTropvvp,evov Av/clrjOev.
8'

105

etpar^ evj(o^evo^' rbv

ov

/3e'Xo9 <okv

Sdfiaaaev,

dXk* dva^copijaa^ Trpoad' Xttttouv /ecu o%ecr<pLv ecrrrj, ical %6eve\ov irpocre(pr}, K-cnvavijiov viov

"Opao

ireirov

KcnravrjidSr),

icctT(i(Sr)o-eo

Sicfipov,

8<ppa pot e wp.oto

epvcrar}<; iriKpov

oiarov.

110

*n$
Trap 8e

a/?'

e<prj,

Sde'veXos 8e tcad' iTnrav akro ^apd^e,

d)tcv

ctt<z9

/3eA.09

8iap,7repe<>

i^epvcr

a>pov.

alp,a 8' dv7)/c6vTi% Bid crTpeTrrolo

8?;

^tTWvof.

tot* eireir* rjparo fiorjv dyaObs Alo^St)?'

on prayer

but,

to

Athena, is tniraculously restored, and enters the combat with new fury.

KXvOi
el irore
8r)i(p

p,ev alytb'yoLO
/ecu

Aibs

re/co?,

dTpvTcow/j,

115

pot

irarpl <pl\a (ppoveovaa Trapecm]?

AQ)\vt]'

ev 7ro\ep,(p, vvv clvt^ ip,e <p2Xai

teal

809 8e re p? dvhpa eXelv

opp,r)v

ey^eo? eXOetv,
p.e

09 p? e(3a\e <f>9dp,evo<i ical eVeu^eTat, ovSe

hrjpbv

(prjac

er

oyjreadai \apbirpbv </>ao9 rjeXioto.

120

104
J

IAIAAOS

E.

'

*V2? e<f>ar
lyvia S'

ev^ofxevos' tov 8' efcXve

JTaXXa?

'A0rjvr),

edij/cep i\a<f>pd,

7roSa? /ecu %eipa<; virep0ev

dy%ov
iv <ydp

8' larafievri

eirea irrepoevra TrpocrrjvSa'

eirl

aperebv vvv Acop,rj8e<;

Tpcoeacrt,

p,d^ea0at'
rjica

tov crTrjdecrcn Lvevos Trarpcoiov

olov
e^ecr/ee

125

arpofjuov,

craKeairako^ iiriroTa TvSevs'

d^Xvv
o<pp

S'
i

av tov
zee

asr'

btyOakfiwv
oeov rjoe

eXov,
/cav

fj

irplv eTrfjev,

ev yvyva>crKrj<;
vvv, at
tl

rj/iev

avopa.
i/crjrai,

tS
fitf

Oebs

7recpo)fjivo<;

iv0d&

av
e<?

7' d0aVdroicn

0eov<;

dvri/cpv Lvd%ecr0av
'AcfrpoSlrr)

130

rot? aXXov<;'
e\0r)<T*
f

drdp
&>?

et zee

Avb? 0vydri]p
ovrdfj,ev

TroXepiov,

rrfv 7'

6%ev %a\icd).

Lvev

dp'

etVoOcr' a7re/3r) <y\avKa>7ri<; 'A0?]vr),

voov

TvSelSrj'i 8'
/tat
Brj

e^avrvs

irpofid^ovavv ifii^-iy
135

irplv irep 0vp,& ytte/iaa)? Tpdoecrav p,d%ecr0av,

Tore puv

t/319

Tocraov eXev /xevos,

<y?

T6 XeovTa,

ov pd T

irovpvrjv d<yp<

eV

elpoTroicois ovecrav

Xpavarj

pvev t"

auX%

virepdXfievov ovSe Safidacrr)'

eirevTa Si

tov

pviv

re

cr0evo<; aipcrev,

ou irpocraLVVvev,
140

dWa
avrdp
a>9

/card o~ra0p,ov<; Sverav, to, 8' epr)jxa (fioftevrav

at /iev T

dy^varvvav
ip,p,Lvad><;

e7r'

aW?;X?7crt ickyyvTav,

/3a#e??9
Lvvyij

i^dWerai

avXfj?'

/i.e/ia&)?

Tpcoecrav

tcparepbs AlolvijStjs.

He slays
".Ei>#'

Astynoos and Hypeiron, Xanthos and Thoon, and Chromios.

,

Echemmon

e\ev

Acttvvoov

/cal

'Tirevpova, iroiLveva \aa>v,

145

tov

fiev inrep Lva^ovo /3a\o)v ^aXKrjpev Bovpv,

t'0et fieydXa)

tov S' erepov

fe\r)i8a Trap*

wpvov

irXij^, airo S' av%evo<; >p,ov eep<ya0ev 778' utto vcotov.

IAIAA02
tovs
Liev

E.

I05

eacr' 6 8'

"Aftavra LLercoyero Kal IIo\vl8ov,

6 yepcov eKplvar'

u/ea? Evpv8dpavro<;, bveipoiroXoio yepovros,

tois

ovk

ep%op,evoi<;

oveipovs,

150

aWci
/3rj

acpea<; /cparepbs Aiop,i')8r)<;

e^evdpc^e.

8e p.erd "Sdvdov re Qbcovd re, $a(voTro<; vie,

TrjXvyeTQ)'
6

cipcfxo

8e reipero yyjpai Xvypw,

vlbv 8' ov reKer^

dWov

eVt Kredreaai Xtirecrdai.

155

evd^ 6 ye rovs ivdpi^e, <p{\ov 8' e^aivvro dvpbv

dfuporepco, irarepi 8e ybov Kal Kij8ea

Xvypa

Xei7r\

7rel

ov ^(oovre

fid^r)<i
81a,

e/c

voari']aavre

Se^aro' yrjpcoaral 8e

ktyjo-iv

8areovro.

"Evd* vlas npidp.010

elv
&)?

8va> \d/3e

Aap8avl8ao,
160
d^rj

evl

8((ppa)

iovras,

Eye.pp.ovd re Xpop,iov re.

ei;

8e \ecov ev jSoval Oopcbv

r)e

avykva
Tv8eos

rroprcof
&>5

fioos,

^vkoyov Kara
e'

ftocrKOLievdcov,
vlb<;

rov<; dp,(porepov<>

'iTrrraiv

/3>;cre

KaKoi? deKovra<;,
S'

eireira 8e revye' ecrv\a'

'iiTTTovi

oh

erdpoiai

8i8ov p.erd vijas ekavveiv.

on Pandaros to explain

165

Aeneas comes

to the rescue, first calling

why

he does not meet Diomede.

Tbv
/3>}

8' I8ev Alvelas

Xp.ev

dXarrd^ovra ariyas dv8pu>v,

8'

dv re p,dyr\v Kal dvd kKovov eyyetdcov

8irjp*evo<;,

IIdv8apov avriOeov
arr/ 8e irpoaQ

ei irov e<pevpoi.

evpe AvKaovo? vlbv dp,vpovd re Kparepbv re,

avroto eVo? re

lllv

dvriov

r)i>8a'

170

IldvBape, irov rot ro^ov I8e irrepbevres 6'iarol

Kal Xeo?, ov8e
Tt<?

o)

ov ti? roc epi^erai cvdd8e 7' dvr\p

ev Avkit) ceo 7' evyerat elvai dpeivcov.

t&>8'
(f)e<i

dX\' dye

dv8pl fieXos

Ad

yelpas dvaaytov,

106
09 Tt9 o8e Kpareei Kal

IAIAA02
Brj

E.

kclkcl

iroWa eopye

175

Tpaas,
el
[At)

eirel

7roWa)v re Kal ecr&XSiv yovvar* ekvaev

^aXerrrj Be 6eov

Ti? 0eo<; ecrri Koreo~adp.evo<i Tpcoeaacv,

Ipcov jj,7)vi(ra<;'

em

pfjvis.

Pandaros describes how he has

chariot.

recently wounded Diomede ; hit cannot engage in hand-to-hand combat with him, for lack of a

Tov

S' avre

rr poaeenre

AvKaovo^ ay\ap9
ei'atca),

vto<}'

Alveia, Tpaxov /3ov\r)(f>6pe %a\K0%ira)va)v,

TvBelBrj piv iyco
<ye

180

Batcppovi rrdvra

dcnriBt yiyvcocrKcav avXcoinBl re rpvtpaXelrj,

iTnrovs t' elaopocov

el S'

o~d<fia
(J3r)p,c,

8'

ovk otS'

el 6eo<i eariv.
vlo<;,

.7' dvrjp, ov

Ba'typwv TvBeos

ov%
eart)K
o?

7' dvevde Oeov rdBe palverai,

dXXd

rt9

ay%c

185

dOavdrcov
/3e'Xo9

ve<f>e\rj

el\vp,evo<;

wpovs,

rovrov

ookv Kt-^rjpevov erparrev aXXrj.

77877

yap

ol ecprJKa /3e\o9,

Kal

fiiv

/3d\ov wp,ov

Be^tov dvTi/cpv Sid &O077/CO9 yvdXoio'

Kai piv
e/j,7T7)<;

iyco

e(f)dpr)v

'AiSoovfji

Trpoid-^reiv,
Tt'9

190

ovk eBdpacraa- deos vv

ecrrt Korrjei?.

ittttol

ov rrapeacri Kal appara, ray k

eiri^air^v
Blcppot

dXkd
KaXol

7rov ev p,eydpoio~L
irp(iiTorrayel<i

AvKdovos evBeKa
dp(f>l

veorev)(ee<i'

Be ireirXot,
Xttitol

rrerrravrai' rrapd Be o~(ptv eKacrrai Bi^vyes

195

harden
v)

icpi

\evKov epeirrop^evoi Kal okvpas.

pev pot paXa TroWd yepcov al%prjra AvKaoov

ep-)(opev(p

eirereWe Bopois
/a'

evi

7roir]roicrtv'

nnroialv

eKekeve Kal dpp.ao~iv epfieftawra

dpyeveiv Tpcoeaai Kara Kparepds vaplva^

200

IAIAA02
d\\'
iyco

E.

107

ov

Tridofirjv,
fit]

rj

t'

dv

iroiXv

KepBwv

rjev,

'iTnroiv

(peiBo/xevos,

fjioc

Bevotaro

<f>op/3f)<;

dvBpwv
&>9

el\op.V(ov, elatOores

eB/xevau aBBijv.

\17rov,

avrap

7reo<?

e<?

"I\iov eikrjkovda
ov/c

to^olctiv 7tlctvvo<;'
rjBrj

ra Be

fi'

dp' e/xeWov ovrjaeiv. 205

yap

Boioicriv dpicnr\eacnv (pr]ica,

ical

TvBeiBy re

'ArpeiBy,

e'/c

S' dpcjjorepouv

drpeices alpS eacreva f3a\d)v, rjyeipa Be fxdXkov.

tc3

pa

/ca/cr)

atcrrj

dirb iracradXov dy/cvXa ro^a

Tj/xaTi

tc3

eXofirjv,

ore "IXiov
(pepcov
zeal

ei<?

epareivrjv
Bta>.

210

rjyeofirjv

Tpcoeaac

ydpiv "E/CTopi

el Be

Ke vocrTtjaoi
ep,t)v

iaoyjrop,at 6(f>da\p,olat
ui/repe<e? fieya

trarpiB'
clvti/c'

a\o-)(ov re koX
Kciprj

Bcopa,
</><?,

eireir' air' ifielo

Ta/xot

aWoTptos
OTrrjBel.

el

fAt)

iyco rdBe

ro^a
m

(paeivat

ev irvpl deirjv

215

P crL

BiaK\da(ra<;

dveficoXia

yap

pLoi

Aeneas induces Pandaros to mount his chariot, and the two heroes advance against Diomede.

Tbv
pur)

B'

avr' Alvelas, Tpcowv ay 6s, dvriov rjvBa'

dyopeve'
irdpos B'
ov/c

Brj

ovTCtis

eacrerai aXXoos,
/cai o%eo~<piv

trpiv y'
dvri(3i7)v

eirl va> tg38'

dvBpl crvv i7nroiatv

7reipr}6f]vai.
6(f>pa

iXOovre crvv evrecn

220

dXK' ay' epbwv

oloi
Tpcolot,

o-^ecov 7rt/3?;<xeo,

IBrjat

'iTnroL,

i7riardfievoi TreBioto
Bia)fce/j,ev

Kpanrvd
to)

p.dX' evda teal evda

rjBe <f>e^ecr6af

koI

vdl iroXivBe aadxrerov,

el Trep

dv avre
225

Zev<>

e7rl

TvBelBr] Aio/j.i)Bei kvBos ope^y.

ical

oX\' aye vvv fidarcya

Be%ai, iyco 8'
?}e

rjvia

atyaXoevra
o(f>pa /xd-^cofiai'
i/iol
ltvitoi,.

I'ttttcov

dirofii'iaopLai,
B'

aii

rovBe BeBe^o, fieXrjaovcriv

I08

IAIAAOS
8'

E.

Tbv
fiaXkov

avre irpoaeeitre Av/cdovos dyXao?

/cal
recti

vl6<>'

Alvela, av fiev avrb<; ey^ rjvla

vcf>'

Xtttto)'

230

r/VLO^w elatdori KafnrvXov dpfia

ocaerov, et irep av avre <pef3(ofie6a TvBeo? vlov.

fir)

to> fiev Belcravre fiarrjcrerov,

ovB' edeXrjrov

e/c<pepefiev voii 8'

wokefioco rebv cpOoyyov irodeovre,

235

eirat^a^ fieyadvfiov Tv8eo<> vlbs

avrdt re /crewy koX

iXdaay

fi(ovv%a<i Xttkovs,
'

aKkd av
rbvBe 8'
Sthenelos

7' avrbs eXavve re

eyoav

apfiara

kclI

Tea) Xmroa,

ernbvra BeBe^ofiau o^el BovpL

to

warns Diomede not

encounter

two such mighty

chiefs.

*/2?

dpa

cfxovrjcravres,

e?

apfiara iroiKiXa fidvres,

ei>/cea9

ififiefiacor'

eVt TvBelBrj eyov

Xttttovs.

240

rovs Be iBe SdeveXos, Kcnravrjios dyXabs vlos,

al^jra Be TvBeiBrjv eirea rrrepoevra 7rpoar)v8a'

TvBeiBrj AibfirjBes,

fic3

Ke%apicrfieve Ovfiw,

avBp' opoco Kparepoi

Iv*
8'

iir\

cot fiefiacore fidyecrQai,

fiev ro^cov ev elBcos,

direXeOpov e%ovra<;'

245

IldvBapos, v/09

avre Avicdovo<; evyerai elvat'

ear' 'A<ppo8irr).
firjBe fioi

Alveias S' vlbs fieyaXrjropos 'Ayyicrao evyerat eicyeydfiev,

firfrrfp
e</>'

Be

o'i

dXX' dye

Brj

ya^oifieQ'
fir]

Xmrwy,

ovroi
250

dvve Bid rrpofidywv,

7r&>9

<plXov r)rop oXeacrrjs.

But

the hero repels the warning,

and gives

his esquire directions

concerning the if/imortal steeds which he expects to capttire.

Tbv
fir]

S' dp' inroBpa IBaiv irpocrecpr) tcparepbs Aiofirj8r)<;'

ri <p6/3ov8'

dyopev

',

eVei ovBe

ere

iretakfiev

o'ico'

IAIAAOS
ov yap
fioi

E.

109

yevvalov dXvaicdovTL fid%<T0ai

p.01 fjuevos

ovBe KaTaTTTcocraeiv' eri

oxveico
S'

efiireSov
ical

icmv
255
^AOtjvt}.

lttttoov eiri^aivefiev,

dXXd

auras
ittttoi

dvTiov

elfi*

avTcov rpeiv
el 7'

fi*

ovk ea IIaXXd<;
to/cee?

tovtco 8' ov nrdXcv avris diroiaerov

dficpco
dcf>'

rjfieioiv,

ovv erepos ye (pvyyaiv.

crfjcriv'

aXXo
at

8e toi epeco, <rv S' ivl <ppeo~l fidXXeo

icev fioi

TroXvfiovXos *A6i}vt] kvBos ope^rj

crv Be

260 %Tnrov$

dficfioTepco KTelvat,

rovaSe

fiev Q)/tea<?

avrov
Alveiao
etc

ipvKa/ceeiv, ef

avrvyos

r^via reivas'
ittttcov,

8' erral^at fiefivr)fievo<;

8'

eXdaai Tpcocov

fier* ivicvi'jfiiBas \4^aou<j.

n}?

ydp

toi yeverji, ^? Tpcot irep evpvoTra.

1

Zevs

265

Bco^

vlos ttolvtjv ravvp.t]8eo<;, ovvetc^ dpurroi

ocraoi eacnv inr
r/co

'ittttcov,

rjeXiov re.
'

T779 yevefjs

eicXeyfrev aval; dvBpcov Ayy^icnj^,

r

Xddprj AaofieBovTO? vTrocryaiV OrfXeas i7nrov<;

tcov 01 e eyevovro ivl fieydpoiai yeveffXrj'
roil? fiev

270

reaaapas avTO? eycov driraXX'

AlveLq
ice

irrl <pdrvrj,

to) Be Su'
ei

Bcoicev,

fii]o~Tcope <po/3oto.
ice

tovtco

Xdf3oifiev, dpoifiedd

icXeos ia&Xov.

Pandaros begins the combat by discharging his spear, but without

effect.
'

/2? 01 fiev TOiavra irpbs

dXX^Xov; dyopevov.
<bicea<?

T(o Be Ta-

eyyvQev ijXdov iXavvovT*

7r7roi/?.

275

tov irpoTepos Trpocreenre Avicdovos dyXabs vios"

KapTepodv/ne,
rj

8a(<f)pov,

dyavov Tv8eo$

vie'

fiaXa

ov fieXos cokv BafidacraTo,

ice

TTiicpb*;

olcrTOf

vvv avr' iyx l V ireipdcrofiaL, at

tv^co/jlc.

IIO
r

IAIAAOS

E.

pa, real afxireiraXatv Trpoiei BoXl^octklov ey^o?,

280

Kal /3d\e TvBeiBao /car' dcnrLBa'

al^purj 'yakKeir) irTafxevi]
dcoprj/ct

t%

Be

Bid irpb

ireKaaOrj.
vios'

rat

B' 7rl p,atcpbv ducre

Avkuovos dyXabs
- '

BeftXrjai Kevewva Biapsirepes, ovBe o

Brjpbv er' dvo-^aeo'dac'
ifiol

oi'co

Be p,erf efr^o? eBcoKas.

is

285

Diomedes slays Pandaros and disables Aeneas, who

Aphrodite.

rescued by

Tbv

B*

ov

Tapfijiaas irpoaecpr] fcparepbs

eVin^e?*

A{,op,rfBr)<i'

rjp,(3poTe<;,

011B'

arap ov

p.ev
rj

acpa)'C

7'
<ye

6'c'co

irplv y'

diroiravaeaQat, nrpiv 7'

erepov

ireaovra

aipLaTO?
*/2?

da at,

"Aprja, raXavptvov iroXefiLaTrjv.

7rpoet]Ke'

<pdfji,evo<;

/3eXo? B'

Wvvev

^AOrjvT]

290

piva irap' 6(p0aXp,6v,

XevKovs B' eirepr\aev oBovras.

ir-pvp,vr]v

rov

8' dirb fikv

yXtbaaav

rdp,e %a\fcb<; dreipi]<;,

al%p,r)
r/piire

B' e^ecrvdr] irapd velarov

B'

dvOepewva.

e oyewv, dpd(3rjae Be Teu^e'

eV

avrai
295

aloXa, TrafKpavocovra, rraperpecaav Be oi

Q)KV7roBe<i'

Xiriroi,

rov

B'

avBt Xvdr] yfrv^ re

dcririBi

p,evo<;

re.

Alveias ' dirbpovae avv

Beio-as
dficpl
p,r)

Bovpi re

pbatcpa),

7ro)?

ol

epvaalaro veicpbv 'A%aioi.

7re7rot#a><?,

8'

dp' avrat fialve Xeoov w? uXkI

irpbcrde Be oi Bbpv t' eo~ye Kal dcnrLBa Trdvroa

etar\v

300

rov Kidp,evat

fiep,a(b<;,

0? rt? rov 7' dvrios eXdoi,

ap.ep8aXea ld%cov.
TvBelBrj<;,

o Be ^epp^dBcov Xdfte xeipl

p,eya

epyov, b ov Bvo 7' dvBpe (pepoiev,

oIol vvv fipoTot ela'

to) fBdXev

6 Be puv
icryiov,

pea irdXXe Kal

0Z09.

Alvelao

/car'

evda re

pbrjpb^

305

iayLw ivo~rpe<perai, KorvXrjv Be re pnv KaXeovcrf

IAIAAOS
6\d<rcr Be ol KorvXijv, 7rpo? 8'
Sicre

E.

Ill
pr)^e revovre'
rjpcos

afi(j>(o

8'

drrb pcvbv rpr])^v<i Xldos.

avrap 6 y'
eaA,tf>/re.

eaTT] yvi)% ipnrayv Kal ipeicraTO %6/h rrayevri

yairjs'
dfM<pl

8k oaae rceXaivr) vvi;

evO'

310

Kat vv Kev
el
fir)

diroXoiro

aval;

dvBpdv Alvetas,

dp' 6i;v vorjae

rj

A 10$

Ovydrrjp 'AcppoBlrr),

fir)rrfp,

/au>

vir'

'Ay^icrrj reice /3ov/coXeovrt'

rrrj-^ee

dficpl 8'

kbv (plXov vlbv i%evaro

XevKco,
3X5

irpoade Be ol TreirXoio (paeivov Trrvyfi' eicdXv-tyev,

epicos
efiev f3eXeu)v,
fir)

Tt<?

Aavawv
i/c

ra^V7rd)Xcov

yaX/ebv ivl arrjdeacn fSaXdiv

dvfibv eXoiro.

Sthenelos possesses himself of Aeneas' s steeds, sends them to the ships,

and returns
'H. fiev

to

Diomede,

who pursues and wounds

Aphrodite.

ibv (plXov vlbv V7re^e(pepev rroXefioto'

ovB' f/09 Kairavrjos eXrjdero avv6eaidcov

rdcov,
a<?

7rereXXe fSorjv dyadbs

rov<;

Aiofir)Br}<;'

320

dXX' 6 ye

fiev

I0U9 rjpvicaice fidivvya^ imrov;

voacpLV drrb (pXota/3ov, e avrvyos i]via reivas, Alvelao 8' eirat^wi KaXXirpi^a^ i7r7rov<;

e^eXaae Tpcocov
Bcb/ce

fier' evtcv)']LLi8a<;

'A-^aioix;.

Be ArjnrvXq),
OLLrfkucir)*;,

erdpco

cplXip,

bv Trepl
fjBr),

Trdcrr)?

325

rlev

on

ol (ppecrlv dpria

vr)vo~lv

eiri yXacpvprjcrtv eXavvefiev.

7rt,f3d<i

avrap 6

7' rfpa)?

o)v

ittttcov

eXa/3' r\vla aiyaXoevra,

aiyfra Be

TvBetBrjv fieOeire Kparepwvv)(a<i ittitovs

6

e/x/ie/xaco?

Be Kvirpiv errca^ero
eriv

vrfXei ^aX/cay,

330

yiyvcoaKcov 6 r* avaXtcis
racov, at
r'
^

#eo?,

ovBe dedwv
tcoipaveovaiv,

dvBpwv

rrbXefiov

Kara

ovr' dp'

AQrfvalt] ovre TrroXiiropdos 'Evvco.

112

IAIAAOS
ore
Bij

E.

aW'

p' eiclyave ttoXxjv icaO* ofxtXov OTrd^cov,

fieya6vp,ov TvBeos
vl6<;

eW

e7rope^dfievo<;

335

dfcprjv

ovraae yelpa

p*eTaXp,evo<; 6%ii Bovpl

Be Bopv XP^ dvreroprjaev ap,/3po<riov Bid irenrXov, ov oi Xdptres kcl/jlov

a$\riyjpr)v'

eWap

avrai,

7rpvp,vbv virep 0evapo<;.

l%<>p,
olo<s

pee S' dp,/3porov alfia Oeolo, 340

irep

T peei p.afcdpeacn deolcnv

ttivovct^

ov yap aiTov eBovo~\ ov

Tovveic

aWonra

olvov,

dvalfioves elai

teal

dddvarot, /caXeovTai.

The goddess lets Aeneas fall, who is rescued by Apollo, while Aphrodite, under the taunts of Diomede, is led away by Iris to Ares.

'H

Be fj,eya idyovaa diro eo icdfiftaXev vlov.

jiev p,erd
vefyeXrj,
firj

KaX rbv
tcvaver)

yepoXv ipvaaro
t<?

'

<oi/3o?

'

AiroXXoav
345

Aavadv
e'/c

Ta^vTrcoXaiV
6vp,6v eXocro'
dLOfATJBrjs

%a\fc6v evl arrjOeaai (3aXoov

rfj

B'

iirl

pLcucphv dvcre

ftorjv

dyaObs

Elfce,
rj

A cos

dvyarep, 7roXep,ov KaX BrjloTrJTos'

et

ov% dXis ottl yvvatKa? dvdXKiBas r)TrepOTrevei<; Be av y e? iroXepiov 7rcoX-))creai, rj re a' 6'ico
iroXepuov ye,
rj

350

piyrjcreiv

KaX el %' erepwdi

irvdrjai.

'/2? k(pad\
Ti]v p,ev

8' dXvov<r' direjBrjaero, rei'peTO

B' alvSts.

dp' 'Jpt? ekovaa nroBrjvepos e^ay' ojmlXov

d-^Oo/xevrjv 6Bvvr)o~i

pueXaiveTO

evpev eireira
jjfievov.
7]

p>d)r)<i

eV

Be XP a KaXov. dpcarepd dovpov 'Aprja

'

355

r/epi

B'

eyyos

etce/cXiTo

koX ra%e'

Xirirco.

Be yvi)% epiirovcra KaaiyvrjToio (f>iXoio

fJTeev ittttov?'

7roXXd XiaaofievT) ypvadjAirvKas

IAIAAOS

E.

113

Ares lends Aphrodite

his steeds, which, Iris being charioteer, convey

her to her mother, Dione.

<tXe fcacrlyvrjTe, KOfiicral re fie 809 8e fioi 'lttttovs,
f

6<pp
\irjv

e<?

"OXvfAirov

LKco/xai,
fie

iV dOavdrcov

e'809

ecrrL

360

d^Qofiai eXo?, 6

fiporbs ovraaev dvrjp,

TuSel&rjs, 09 vvv ye ical

,v

dv Ad' warpl p,dyono.

Bcoice

/29 (pdro,
7)

tt)

8'

dp' "Apr)<;

yjpva-dfnrvKas Xirirov;.

'

<>

Bi(f)pov

efdaivev aKij^efievr} <pi\ov rjrop.

Trap Be ol *Ipt<i efiatve KaX i)via Xd^ero yepcri,

365

fidari^ev 8' iXdav, tu> 8' ovk detcovre irerea-Orfv.

aJyjra 8' eTretO'

lkovto Oecov 809, alirvv "OXvfiirov.

7ro8i]vefio<i

evd' imrov? eemfcre

Xvcracr'
f)

d>/cea *Ipi<>

el;

6%ecov,

irapa 8' dfiftpoaiov fSdXev el8ap'

8'

ev yovvcuTL irlnrre Aioavrys

8V

'AcppoBlrrj,

370

urirpos 079

yeipl re

fiiv

V 8' dy/cas eXd^ero Buy are pa r\v. Karepe^ev t'77-09 t' ecpar' e/c t' bvofia^e'

Dione, having heard the cause of her daughter's distress, comforts her by recounting other deities who have experienced humiliation
at the hands of mortals
:

Ares, Hera, Hades.

TY9 vv

<re

TotdB' epe^e, cplXov Te/co9,

Ovpavuovwv

/za-^riSiW, &>9 el ti

kukou pe^ovaav evwwy

375

Tr/v 8' r/fietfter' eireira (pLXofifiecBrf? 'AcppoBirrf

ovrd
ovveK

fie

Tv8eo?

w'09,

virepOvfios AcofirjBr]^,

eyoi

(ptXov vlbv VTre^e<pepov iroXefioto,

e/iol

Alvelav, 09

irdvTwv iroXv <plXraT6<i

/cal

ecrriv.

ov yap tTt Tpoocov

Ayai&v

cpvXoTris alvq,

dXX'

rjBrj

Aavaol ye

fcal

dOavdroiac fidyovrai.
Ai<x>vr\,

380

TrjV 8' rffielfieT' eireira

87a Oedcov

114
rerXaOi,
iroXXol
r'eicvov
Btj

IAIAAOS
e/xov,
ical

E.

dvda^eo

KrjBofievr)

irep.

yap

rXrjfjbev

'OXvfirria Bcop^ar'

e^ovre^

eg dvBpcov, ^aXeir' aA/ye'

eV

dXXijXoiai ridevres.

rXr) p,ev "Aprj<;, ore puiv ^flros

"TralBes 'AXcofjos,

Kparepos r 'EtyidXrrjs,

385

Brjcrav tcparepd) evl BecrpL(p'

Xakfcea) S' ev Kepapuco BeBero rpiaKalBeKa p,rjva$.

KCli

VV K6V

61/0'

dlToXoLTO

"

ApT)^ O.TOS 7T0Xep,0l0,

'Hepifioia,

el

firj

p,7)Tpvir),

7repi/caXXr}<;

'Eppueq igtjyyetXev
rjBij

8'

ege/cXetyev "Aprja

390

recpo/xevov, %aXe7rb<; Be e 8ecrp,b<; eBdfiva.

rXrj 8' "Hprj, ore lliv tcparepos rrdis

AfMptrpvcovos

Begirepbv Kara p,a^bv olarm Tp(,yXco%(,vi

fieftXr]Kei'

Tore

kclL

/mv dvrjKecrrov Xd/3ev aXyos.

395

rXrj B' 'AtBris ev rolai 7reX(opio<; <dkvv blcrrbv,

evre

p.tv

covrbs dvrjp, vlbs

A 10$

aly 16^010,
"

ev IIvXcp ev vefcveacri f3aXoov 6Bvvrjo~iv eBco/cev.

avrap
Krjp
a>fia>

{3rj

Trpbs Bwfia

Zl/,09

/ecu p,a/cpbv

d-^ecov,

oBvvycri

irerrapixevo^'

OXvfnrov avrdp diaro?

400

evi

cmfiapai r/XrjXaro, Kr)8e Be Ovpubv.

ov

T&5 S' eir\ TIatrjcov 68vv7j<para (j)dpp,atca 7rd(rcra>v

7)Keaar

'

Liev

yap

ri Karadvr/ros, 7' erervKro.

a^erXio<i, dfiptfioepyos, 09 ovk oder^ atcrvXa pe^wv,

09 rogotatv
"

e/crjBe

deovs, ot

OXvllttov e^ovai.

She explains that

the present assault was instigated by Athena,

and
405

heals her daughter's wound.

Hlol B
vrjrrios, errX

rovrov

avrj/ce

6ed

yXavKwms

^AOrjvr)

ovBe to olBe Kara (ppeva TvBeos u/69,

Br)vai.b<;

orri fidX' ov

09 ddavdroicrc fid-^ijrai,,

ovBe ri

p,iv rralBes rrorl

yovvacri rrarnrd^ovo-iv

IAIAAOZ
i\66vr' eK iroXeptoto
tu>
/cat

E.

115

alvrj? StjVottjtos.

vvv Tv8el8r)<;,
p,rf

el ical

ptd\a /caprepos

icrrt,

410

<f>paea6(0
pti]

Tt<?

ol dptelvcov creto ptd^ijrai,

'ABprjcrrlvr),
iyelprj,

Btju

AtytdXeta, ireptcppcov

i/c

vttvov

yobwaa

(plXov<; ot/cfjas

Kovpihtov irodeovaa iroatv, rbv aptarov ^Ayatwv,

tcpdlptrj

a\o)o<>
zeal

Atop,tf8eo<;

IrrTroBd/xoto.

H
At

415

pa,

dp.(porepT]crtv dir^ lyos %etpb<i

optopyvv

aXOero x e 'P> 8vvat Be Karr}7rt6covro

fiapelat.
discomfiture,

Athena and Hera banter Zeus upon Aphrodite's

8'

avr' etaop6(oo~at 'AOrjvalr) re kcu "Hprj

Keprofiiot*; eirieaat
.

rotat 8e ptvdcov

elirw Zev irdrep, rj r/ pdXa 81') rtva Kinrpt? ^A-^attdBcov dvtelcra Tpwalv a/xa aireadat, roix; vvv eKirayX^ icplXrjo-e,

Ala KpovlBrjv ipedt^ov. VPX ^ e ^ yXavKwirvs ^AOrjvri' pd rt ptot Ke^oXcocreat, orn Kev

420
;

ra>v rtva tcappe^ovcra

irpo<i
,v

'

A^atidBcov evrre'irXwv
425

xpvaer) irepovr) Karapv^aro %elpa dpatrjv.

12? cpdro, p,el8r)aev Be Trarrjp dv8p6iv re Oecov re,

Kai pa

tca\ecradfj,evo<i

irpoae<p7] ^pvaerjv 'AcppoBlrTjv

who

counsels Aphrodite to leave

war

to

Ares and Athena.

Oij rot,

reKvov

iptbv,

BeBorat iroXepn'fta epya,

dXXa
ravra

crv 7'

Iptepoevra pterep^eo 8' vApr]t 6ou> /cat 'Adi'ivy

epya

ydptoto,

rrdvra pteXrjaeL.

430
is

Diomede attacks Aeneas, now under the protection of Apollo, but repelled by the god with savage warning.
''/2f

ol ptev rotavra

7r/?o<?

dXXi]Xov$ dyopevov.
AtopbijBr]^,

Alvelq, 8' erropovae fiorjv

dya6bs

;'

Il6
yiyvcocr/ccov

IAIAAOS
o
ot,

E.

avrbs vireipeye yelpas ^AiroWoav

ovoe oeov pbeyav a'ero, tero o
kcli
cltto

a\X

ap

aiet

Alvelav KTeZvat,

kXvtcc,

rev^ea
'

Bvcrai.

435

rpls fiev eireiT* eiropovcre KaraKrapevac p,eveaiv(OV,

rpls Be ol io-rvcpeXt^e cpaecvrjv a<nri8'

AttoWwv.
Zero?,
^

aW
la'

ore

Brj

to reraprov errecro-vro Balpuovc

1

Beivd 8'

6/x.o/cX^'cra ?

7rpocre(pr/
real

etcdepyos
/xrjBe

AiroWtov
440

$pd%eo, TuBetBrj,
kde\e (ppoveeiv,

ydX,eo,

Oeolatv

eirel

ou irore <pv\ov ofiolov

dOavdrcov re Qeosv yap,a\ ep%op,eva>v t' avdpa>7rcov.

'V2? (pdro, TvBelBrjs 8' dveyd^ero rvrObv oirlacrco
purjviv

d\evdp,evos e/carr)/3o\ov 'AttoWwvos.

8'

Alvelav

dnrdrepOev op,l\ov
elv lepfj,

6r)icev

^ArroWwv

445

Hepydpuw
r)

0Q1 ol

1/776?

7' erervKro'

tol rbv Arjrco re ical "Aprefus loyeaipa

ev p,eyd\a> dBvr(p d/ceovro re /cv&aivov re.

Having driven

back Diomede, Apollo sets a phantom- Aeneas

among

the combatants,

and incites Ares

to re-enter the combat,

,

Avrdp
avro) t
d/j,(f>l

ecBwXov rev^ dpyvporo^os

/cal

AiroW(ov
450

Alveia i/ceXov

rev^eai rolov,
/cal

8'

dp' elBcoXw Tpcoes

dfi<pi

Blot

'A%aiol

Brjovv

dXKijXwv

arr^deaai fioelas

dairiBas ev/cv/c\ov<; Xaiarjid re rrrepoevra.

Br)

rore dovpov "Aprja TrpocrrjvBa <ot/3o? 'ArroWaiV

*Ape$, "Apes /3poro\ocye, pnaicpove, rei^eo-i7rXr}ra,
455

ovk av

Br)

rovB' dvBpa p.d^rjs ipveraco p,ere\dcbv

/cat,

TuSelBrjv, 09 vvv ye

av Ati rrarpl p,dyono

%et/3'
eirl
tcro?.

KinrpiBa

puev

wpoira cr%e8bv ovracre

/capirco,

avrdp

eirecr' avrco pot eirecrcrvro 8alp.ovt

IAIAAOS

E.

117

who

re-animates the Trojans.

a/cprj,

*fls L7ra)v avrbs fiev icpe^ero IIepydp,(p

460

Tpcoa? Be
elSofjuevos

<rTi)(a<i

ovXos

"Apr]*;

wrpvve fiereXdoou

'A/cdfiavTt

6ou>,

r)y?]Topi

Qpytcwv

vidcri Be

HpLap.010 Storpecpeeacri KeXevev

1

TL
e?
r]

vlels Uptdfioio, Biorpecpeo ; f3a<Ti\r)o<i,

ri ere KTeiveadai edcrere Xaov

ei'9

'Amatols;
fid^oovTai
Slay,

465

fcev

dfi<pl

7TI/A.779

ev

7roi7]rr}ai,

Kelrai avr/p, ov r' laov eriopbev "E/cropi

Aiveias, w'09 lAeyaXrjTopo*;

'AyyLcrao.

dXX' dyer' ck
'

<pXoio~/3oto aacocrofx,ev
/xei/09

ea6\ov iralpov.
470

f2<;

eiTTcav

wrpwe

Kal 6vp,ov e/cdaTov.

ep9'

av Xapirrihaiv fid\a veiKeaev "E/cropa Blow

Sarpedon reproaches Hector, contrasting his remissness with his own

sacrifices

and courage.
o irplv e^eo-/ce9;
iiriKovpcov

"E/crop,
(prj<;

irfj

hrj

rot fxevos ot^erai,

ttov drep Xacov ttoXlv

e^efiev 778'

O609 crvv <yap,f3polaL Kao-iyvqroicrl re aoiat.

rcov

vvv ov tip

eycov IBeetv Bvvap,'

ovBe

vofjcrai,

475

aXXa

/caraTTTCocrGovcri Kvves C09 d/x(pl Xeovra'

rjfieis 8'

av

fj,a^6fMecr6' ,

01 irep r'

eirUovpoi

eveifiev.
ij/cco'

Kal yap eycov iiritcovpos ecov fidXa TrfXodev

rrjXov

yap

Avfcir),

advdco

eiri

Bivrjevrt,
vijiriov vlov,

ev6' aXo-^ov re (piXrjv

fcaS

eXnrov Kal

4S0
eiriBevr)^.

Be

KTijfxara TroXXd,
a>9

rd

r'

eXBerat, 09 k
fie/xov'

aXXa Kai
olov k

Avklovs orpvvo) Kal

avrb<;

dvBpl fiaxrfcraaOat,

drdp ov ri
77

fxoi

evOdhe rolov,

ye (pepoiev 'Amatol

Kev ayoi-ev

Il8
tvvt)
8'
ecTTTjicas,
/jueue/xev
6t>9

IAIAAOS
arap

E.

ov8' dXXotcrc /ceXevets

4S5

Xaotacv
fir]

Kal dp,vvepevai topeacn.

7T<y?,

dip-ten

Xivov dXovre iravdypov,

dvhpdcn 8uap.eve'eaaiv eXcop Kal Kvppa yevrjcOe'

ol 8e

Td%'

i/c^ipo-ovcr' v vacop,ivr]v ttoXiv

iipu-qv.

aol 8e xpr) TaSe irdvra fieXetv vvktcl<$ re

Kparepr)v 8' diroOecrOai

fcai

rjp,ap,

490

dp-yobs Xicraofieva) TrjXefcXeiTeov eiriKovpwv

vooXe/jLeco? iyepuev,
evLTrtjv.

Hector feels the reproach, enters again the combat, and rallies the
Trojans.
''/2?

(paro HapTTTjSoov, Sdfce 8e cppevas "E/cropi

8' 8'

p,vdo<;.

avTLKa
TrdXXoov

i oyecov crvv Tevyecnv dXro yapbd^e,

6ea 8ovpa Kara arparov <pyero

Trdvrrj,

495

OTpvvcov payka aaOai, eyetpe 8e (pvXoiriv

ol 8'

alvi]v.

eXeXi-ydrjo-av Kal evavrlot, ecrrav

Ayaiwv
dXeods
500

'Apyeloc 8' virepbeivav doXXees ov8e

ct>?

<pofir)9ev.

ai>e/xo?

ayvas

(popeei lepa? kclt^

dv8po3V XiKpuuiVTwy,
/cpLvrj

ore Te fjavdr) ArjpurJTrjp

eTrecyopLevcov dvepcov

Kapirov re Kal
a>?

dyvas'

al 8

vTToXevKaivovTai dyvppaat'

tot'

Amatol
i7T7rcov,

Xevxol virepde yevovTo Kovio-dXrp, ov pa 81' ai)TOiv

oupavbv
d^r
ol

e's

iroXvyaXKov

eTreirXrjyov ir68e<s

eTTipLLcryopuevQiV

virb 8'

ecrTpecpou r)vioyr)e<i'
dp,<pl

505

8e p.evo$ yeipwv

Wv<; (pkpov.

8e vvKTa

dovpos "Ap-qs eKaXvyjre p>dyr] Tpcoecrcriv dp-qyoiv,

iravToa
'

erroiyopLevos'

tov

8'

e/epalaivev i(pTp.d<;

4>oljSov

Att6XX(oi>o^

ypvaaopov, o? puv dvcbyet

iirel

Tpcoalv dvpbbv eyeipai,

I8e

HaXXd8'

'Adrjvrjv

510

oiyopevrjv

f)

ydp pa

irkXev

Aavaolcnv

dprjyajv.

IAIAAOS
Autos
8'

E.

II 9

Alvetav ptdXa iriovos e% dBvroto

/3d\e Trotptevt \awv.
toI 8' e^dprjaav,
515
ptev

^kc, /cat ev aT7)decrcri /xevos

Atvetas 8
co?
/cat

erapotcrt pedio-Taro'

etBov

^(oov

re

/cat

dprepea irpoatovra
ov
re.

ptevos ecrOXov

k^ovra' perdWrjadv ye

ou yap ea irovos aXXos, bv dpyvpoTo^os eyetpev

"Ap7]<i

T (SporoXotyos "Epts t

aptorov

fj.ep.avla.

On

the other hand, the leaders

and Dio/nede,
Tov<; 8'

of the Greeks, the Ajaces, Odysseus, rally their men.

(OTpvvov

Aiavre Bvca /cal 'OBvacrevs /cat AtoprjBris Aavaovs iroXepti^eptev o't Be /cat avrol
tea/eds,

520

ovre /3/a? Tpdicov vireBeiBtcrav ovre

dXX'

eptevov vecpeXrjatv eot/cores, a? re Kpovloiv

earrjerev

VT)vep,i7)<;

eV
o't

d/cpoiroXoto-tv opecraiv

drpeptai, o$p' evBrjcrt ptevos

Bopeao

ical

dXXcov
525

a%petiov dveptcov,

re vi(f>ea a/ctoevra

irvotfjatv Xtyvprjai Btaa/ctBvaaiv devres'

eo<?

Aavaol Tptoas

p'evov

epmeBov ovB

'

i(pef3ovro.

Agamemnon

exhorts the host,

and slays Deikoon.

'ArpetBrjs 8' dv* optiXov icpoira 7ro\Xa /ceXevcov

V2

<ptXot,

dvepes eare

/cat

dX/ctp.ov rjrop eXeoSe,

dXXi'jXovs t' atSetcrOe

atBoptevcov 8'

Kara /cparepds
croot
r)e

vcrpivas.

530

dvBpwv wXeoves

irk^avrat'
d\/cr).

cpevyovruv 8' ovr* dp /cXeos opvvrat ovre rts

*H,
Aivetco

/cal

uKQVTtae

Bovpl docos, j3d\e Be irpopov dvBpa,

erapov pteyaOvpov, Arji/cowvTa

Tpooes
eo-/ce

IlepyaatBrjv, bv
rtov,
eirei

opws

Ilptdptoto re/cecrcrt

535

dobs

perd

Trpcorotat p.dyeaQat.

120

IAIAA02

E.

tov pa kclt* dairiBa Bovpl /3a\e

rj

tcpelcov

'Aya/xepLvav

B'

ov/c

eyxps epvro,
ev <ya<rrpl

Bid irpb Be eccraro ^ixXko^, Bia ^wo~Tr)po<i eXaao~e.

veiaiprj '
Boinrrjcrev

Be

irecrdiv,

apaft-qcre Be

rev^e'

e7r'

avTw.

540

Ae?ieas slays Krethon

v

and

Orsilochos.

Evd' avr'
pa

Aivela<;

Aavawv

eXev dvBpas dpio~Tov<;,

vie AlokXtjos, rojv

Kpt]9a)vd re 'OpcrlXo-^ov re.

evaiev evKTip,evr) ivl
8
'

irarrjp fiev

<&r)pfj

dcpveios ftioToio,
'

yevo<;

rjv

i/c

7roTap,olo
yalr)<;,

AXcpeiov,
o?

09 t'

evpv peei IIvXicov Bid

545

rexer' 'OpcriXo^ov TroXeecrcr' dvBpecraiv

avaKra'

'OpcrtXo^o? B' dp' ertKTe AioKXrja piey ddv/xov,

eK Be Aco/cX^os
BtBv/j,dove iraiBe yevecrOrjv,

Kpr'/Owv 'OpcrtA.0^69 T
too
fiev

P'dx^ ev

etSoTe

7racr77<?.

dp'
et'9

rjjBrjcravre pueXaivdcov e7rl

vrjaiv

550

"IXiov

evTrcoXov dp,' 'Apeioiaiv eTreaOrjv,

Tip,r)v 'ArpelBrj^,

'Ayapbepuvovi /cal

MeveXdw,
/cdXvyjrev.

dpvvp,eva>'
o'ico

to)

8'

avQi reXo<; Oavdroio

tcopvcpfjcriv

Tot

ye Xeovre Bvco opeos

virb
pLrjrpi

irpacpeTrjv
Tel)

f3adeir)<;

Tapcpeaiv vXrjs'
i<pia p,i)Xa
teal

555

fiev

dp' dpird^ovTe /36a?

/cal

araOfiovs dvdpcoirwv tcepai^eTov, ocppa

dvBpcov ev 7raXdp,T)<TL tcareicTaQev o^ei
tolo)
red

avTa)

^oXkS

yeipecrcTiv vir'

Alvelao Bapuevre
vtyrfXrjcrt,.

KainrecreT7]v,

eXaTycriv eot/cores

560

Pity at their fate touches Menelaos, and he seeks, aided by Antilo~ chos, to avenge them.

Tat Be irecrbvT
fti)

eXerjcrev dpr/itpcXos

MeveXaos,
"Apr)?,

Be Bid

irpop^dywv Ke/copvdp,evo<? aldonri ^clXku),

aeicov iy^elrju'

tov

B'

wrpvvev

p,evo<;

IAIAAOS
to,

E.

121

(ppovecov,
8'

iva ^epcrlv inr' Alveiao BapLeirj.

565

top
ft?]
fit}

i8ev 'AvtiXo^o^, p.eya8vp.ov Neo-ropos vtos,

Be Bid

irpopudyjav

irepl yap

Bee iroip.evt

Xawv

tl TrdOoL, fieya Be
p.ev
Br)

acpas drroacp^Xet-e ttovoco.

/cal

to)

%elpd<;

re

ey%ea o^voevra
7roip,evi Xaojv.

avriov dWrfKcov e^errjv p-efiacore p.dyecrdai'

'

AvTikoyos Be
8'

p,d\'

ay%i iraplararo

570

Alveias

ov pelve 606s irep icov

(poire

TroXep.icrTtjs,

ok
01
to)

elBev Bvo
8'
e7rel

Trap' dWi)\oi<ri pukvovre.

ovv

ve/cpov<;

epvcrav fierd \aov 'A%ai(ov,

puev

dpa

BeiXcb fiaXerrjv iv

^epa\v eraipcov,
575

avra) Be o-rpeepdevre p,era TrpcoToicri /xa-^ecrdrjv.

"Evda TLvKaipevea
dp~)(ov

eXerrjv

drdXavrov

"Apijl,

IlacpXayovcov p,eya0vfJiO)V, dcnrMTTdcov

tov piev dp' 'ArpeiBr)? Bovpl /cXeirbs MeveXaos

ecrraoT' ey^el vv^e

'AvriXoxos Be

Kara ickiiiBa rin^cra?' MvBcova fid\', rjvioyov Oepdirovra,

etc

580

ecr&Xov 'ArvfjLVidBTjv (0 B' vTrearpecpe p.uivvya<;

1777701/?)

yeppaBiw
Tjvia \evfc'
1
'

dy/ccova ru^oiv jxecrov

8'

dpa

-^eipoiv

i\e(pav~i ^afial irecrov iv kovltjctcv.

}*i<pei

AvrtXo^o<i 8' dp' iirat^a^

rfXaae Koparjv'
585

ax/rap

'

dcrdpaivcov evepyeos eKirecre 8l<ppov

/cvti/3a%o<; iv kovitjctiv eirl /3pe%p,6v

re

/cal

topovs.

Brjdd p.d\'
y

e<TT7]/cei,

tv% yap p

'

dp,ddoio ffaOeiijs,

o<pp

iTnro) Tr\i)%avre yapxCi

'

fidXov ev Koviyai,
i']\acr'

tovs

i'p,a<r'

Avt iA-o^o?

p.erd Be crrpaTov

'A^atcov.

This brings Hector into

tJie fray.

He

is

attended by Ares ;

and the

Greeks, including Diomcde, shrink back,

Tovs

8'

"EfCTcop evorjae

Kara crTt-^a<;,

<opro

S'

eV avroix;

590

/ce/c\7]yd)<;'

dpa

Be

Tpcocov eiirovTo cpdXayyes

122
/cparepai' fjpx e $'
rj

IAIAAOS

E.

puev
1

apa <r<f>iv "Ap-qq Kal irorvi 'Ewco, eypvaa Kv8otp,6v avatSea STj'iorrjTos,
aXXore
dvrjp
puev 7rp6crd' " E/cropos,

"Aprj ? 8' iv ira\dfir](TL ireXcopiov e'7^09 ivcofia,

(polra 6

aXXoT*

birio-Qe.

595

Tov 8e
a>?

l8cov piyrjcre ftorjv

ayaOos
lebv

Aiop,r)8r)<;.

8'

6V

diraXap,vo<$,
7roTap,Q}
IScov,

iroXeos

ire8loLo,

crTrfrj

eV

o)Kvpo(p

a<ppw puopp,vpovra
a>?

aXa8e irpopeovTL, dvd r' e8pap.' oiriaaa),

rore Tv8el8r}<; dveyjx^ero, enre re

(piXot,

XaS

600

Tl
tu>
teal

olov

8rj

Oavfjbd^ofxev " E/cropa 8iov

aiyQJi'qrrjv

r'

epuevac Kal
els

OapaaXeov

iroXepbio'TrjV'

8' alel

irdpa

ye 9ea>v, 09 Xotybv dpvvec

vvv ol irdpa
7T/)0?

tceivos "Apr)<; j3porcx>

dv8pl

eoucd><;.

aXXd
ei/cere,
/2<?

Tpcoas TerpapLpuevoi alev

deots pbeveaivepuev
l(j>i

oirlcrcray

605

p,r)8e

iidyeo-dai*

dp'

(pr),

Tpwes 8e pudXa o-%e8bv r/XvOov

Meveadrjv 'Ay^laXov
re.

avrcov.

ev6'

'

E/crcop 8v(o (pcore KareKravev el86re ^dpp/r)^,

elv kvl 8L(pp(o iovre,

except Ajax, son of Telamon, who slays Amphios, to despoil his corpse.

and strives
610

Tat 8e irecrovr' iXerjae pueyas TeXap,(ovio<; Aias

ari) 8e fxdX'

iyyvs

Iojv,

Kal atcovriae 8ovpl <paet,v&,

1

Kal fidXev "Ap,(piov, ZeXdyov vlbv, 05 p

vale TroXvKTTjpbcov 7roXvXrjio<;.
777'

ivl IlaLaa)

aXXa

pbolpa

eiriKOvprjaovra puera Upiapuov re Kal vla$.

TeXap,a>vi,o<;

tov pa Kara ^(oarrjpa (idXev

vealprj
8'

Aias,

615

iv yacrrpl

irdyr)
8'

8oXt,%oo~Kiov e'7^09,
7re8pap,e <pai8ip,os

8ov7njcrev 8e 7reacov.

Aias

revyea crvX^acov Tpooes

8' iirl

8ovpar' eyevav

'

IAIAAOS
o^ea, 7ra/j,(f)av6(ovTa'

E.

123

ad/cos
eic

8'

dveBe'ifaro iroXXa.

avrdp

Xd%

7rpo<r/3a<;

veicpov ^dXiceov

t7%o?

620

icnrdcrar'

ov8' dp' er'

aXXa

Bvvrjcraro

rev^ea icaXa

hifxouv d<peXeo~daL'

eiretyero

yap

fieXeeo~o~L.

Setae B' 6 y' d/jLcplfiacnv /cpareprjv Tpuxov dyepca^wv,

o'i

-rroXXot re ical ecrdXol

ical

ecpearaaav ey^e' ^X 0VTe<i

'{(pdi/xov

>

oi i pueyav irep eovra

icai

dyavov
vo~p,ivT]v

625

Sxrav dirb acpelcov

6 Be ya<r<xdp,evo<; ireXeyii\Br).

*/2? oi p,ev rroveovro

Kara Kparepr)v
r)'vv

TXr}7roXep,ov B' 'HpaicXei8r}v,

(apcrev

re p.kyav re,
icparait].

eV

dvridew %ap7rr]86vi fiolpa

Br)

oi 8* ore

a^eBbv rjaav

eV

dXXrjXoicriv lovres,

630

vios 6' vla>v6<; re Atb<; ve<peXi]yeperao,

rbv

zeal

TXr)Tr6XefjL0<;

rrporepos irpbs puvdov eenre'

Tlepolemos challenges Sarpedon to single combat.

^apirrjBov, Av/clcov ftovXr)<pope,

Tt'9

rot dvdyKT)

nrrdiaaeiv evddB'
^revB6p,evot Be
elvcu, eVet
ere

ebvn
(pact,

p,d-yr]^

d8arjp,ovi (pcori

Aibs ybvov alyibyoio

eiriBevecu dvBpcov,

635

7roXXbv

/ceivcov
errl

ot

Aibs e^eyevovro

irporepwv dvOpdaTroav,
'

dXX' otbv'rivd
eivat,

<pao~t /3lr)v

HpafcXrjelrjv

epuov rrarepa dpao~vp,ep,vova

OvpboXeovra,
640

o? rrore Bevp' eXOuiv eve^

Xttttwv Aao/MeBovro<;,

ol'rjs

crvv vrjvcrl ical

dvBpdai rravporepoicnv
'

iXlov e^aXdira^e ttoXlv, ^pcocre

aol Be
icaicos
ere
etc

dyvtds'

p,ev 6vp,6s, a7ro(p0ii>v0ovcn Be

XaoL
645

ovBe ri

Tpcoeaaiv 6iop,at dXicap ecrecrdat

Avkltj^,
ifiol

eXdbvr'

ovB' el p,dXa /caprepos ico~i,

dXX'

V7r'

BpurjOevra

7ru\a? 'AtBao ireprjaeiv.

124

IAIAAOS

E.

Sarpedon

replies, the

spears are discharged at the same moment,

the challenger falls.

and

Tbv

S'

av
rj

Sap7rr)$eov, Av/cicov
rot,

dyos, avrlov i)v8a'

TXrjTroXep,'

/celvos

dirajXeaev "IXiov Iprjv

dvepos d<ppa8lr)o~iv ayavov Aaopuehovros,

o?

pa
8'

fiiv

ev ep^avTa

/ca/cd)

rjviiraire p,v0a>,

650

ov8' a7reSa)^' ittttovs,

wv

eweicd rrjXoOev rfkOe'

<f>6vov

col

iya> ivOdSe (prjpu

ipucp

koX Ki)pa pueXcuvav

8ovpl 8ap,evTa

ef ifiedev rev^eaOai,
tS

8' vtto

v%o<; ifiol Scoaeiv, yfrv^rjv

8' "Ai8t

kXvtottwXw.
pbeiXcvov e'7%0?
fia/cpci

/2? (pdro ^apTrrjScov, 6 8'

dvea^ero
dp,aprfj

655

T\r)7r6\ep,o<>.

koX

twv
jxev

jxev

8ovpara

K ^eipcov rfl^av
2ap7T7]8d>v,
alyjir]

ftdXev avykva p,eaaou

rjXd'

8e

8ia/M7repe<;

dXeyeivr]'

top 8e kcit' 6(p0aXp,d)v ipe/3evvi] vv e/cdXytye.

T\7]7r6\ep,o<;
@e(3X>iiceiv,
8'

dpa

p,T)pbv

dpicnepbv ey^el fia/cpS

p,ac/j,d>coaa,

660

al^fxrj

8e 8ceaavTo
Trarrjp 8'

ocrrico

iy^p(,p.<pdelaa,

en

Xoiybv dfxvvev.

While his companions are carrying

Sarpedon, Odysseus slays

off the grievously

wounded

many of the

Lykians,

01

p,ev

dp' avrtdeov ^apirr]86va 8101 eralpoi

ftdpvve 8e pup 86pv puCLKpov
'

i^e<pepov TroXepLoto'
kXKopbevov.

to p,ev ov Ti? iirecppdaar

ov8' ivoijae,

665

pur/pov i^epvcrat

86pv

pieiXivov,

ocpp'

eiri^air],

a7rv8ovTcov'

toIov
8'

yap e\ov

irovov dp,<pi7rovTe<;.
'

TXrjTToXepLOv
ie(f>epov

irepcoOev evfcvrjpuBes

AyaioX
670

7roXep,oio' vorjae 8e 8to<? '08vo-aev<;

rXripuova dvp-bv

e\a>v,

puaipLrjcre

8e 01

cptXov rjrop'

IAIAAOS
p.epp/r)pi^e S'
rj rj

E.

125

eirena Kara (ppeva Kal Kara 6vp.ov

Trporepco Acbs viov iptySoinroio Suokoi,

o ye rcov irXeovcov Avklcov airo 6vp.bv eXocro.

r)ev

ovB' dp' '08vo~o~fji p,eyaX/jTopi pLopcripov

i<pdipov Z/io? viov a7roKrdp,ev 6%ki ^aX/cco'

675

pa Kara irXr^Ovv Avklcov rpdire 6vp,bv 'AOrjvrj. evO' 6 ye Koipavov elXev AXdaropd re Xpop,lov re "AXKavBpov 6' "AXiov re Norjp,ovd re Upinaviv re.
tc3
'

but

is

checked by Hector, who, seconded by Ares, slays

many of
the

the Greeks,
ships.

and forces them,

stubbornly resisting,

toward

Kal
el
fir)
p-rj

vv

/c'

en

irXeovas Avkcoov Krdve

p,eya<;

8lo<;
'

'OBvcraevs,

ap' 6v vorjae

KopvOaioXos

EKrcop.

680

Be hid

rrpopd-^cov KKopv6p,evo<; aWotri %aXKcp,

Beipa (pepcov Aavaolac

XaprrriBcov,

%dpr\ 8' dpa ol rrpocriovri

8'

Aib$
p,rj

vios,
8/j

eVo?

oXocpvBvbv eenre'

IIpcafiiBrj,

/xe

eXcop Aavaolatv idcrrjs

ercetrd p,e Kal Xlttol alcov
<ye

Kelcrdai,

dXX' eirdp,vvov.

685

ev TroXei vp^ereprj, eirel ovk dp' kp,eXXov iyco

voarrjtras olxovBe cplXrjv

e'9

rrarpiBa yalav

eveppaveetv
,v

aXo^ov re

cplXrjv

Kal

v^ttlov viov.

/2? (pdro, rbv 8' ov re

Trpoo-e<f)r)

KopvdatoXos

'

EKrcop,
690

dXXd

iraprjl^ev XeXirjp,evo<; 6cf>pa ra-yicrra

toaacr' 'Apyeiovs, rroXecov 8' airo 6vp,ov eXoiro.

ol p,ev dp' dvrldeov SapirrfBova 8I01 eralpoi

elaav
K
8'

vir'

alyibypio Aibs irepiKaXXel

ol p,rjpov

cprjyco'

dpa

86pv fxeiXwov coae dvpa^e

r)ev

i<p0ip,o<;

UeXdycov, o? ol (piXos
eXure
tyv-)(fl>

eralpos.

695

rbv

8'

Kara

8'

6<p0aXp,cov Keyyr'

a^Xu?'

126

IAIAAOS

B.

aims

8' ifnrvvvdr), irepl Be 7rvoirj ftopeao

&>ypet eTTLirvelovcra KaKcos Ketcacprjora Bvfxov.

'Apyeloi

8'

vir' "Aprjl

xal "E/cropt, j^aXKOKopvarrj

iirl

ovre Trore irpoTpeirovTO fieXatvdtov

vtjS>v

700

ovre 7tot' dvrefyepovTO f^^XV' dXX' cilev birCaam %dov0', co? iirvOovTO p,era Tpcoeaaiv "Aprja.

"EvBa Tiva

irpwrov, rlva 8' vararov i^evdpitjav

ical

"E/CTcop re IIpidp,oio irais

^dX/ceos "Aprjs
705

dvriBeov TevBpavr',

eirl

Be

TrX^nnrov 'Opearrjv
'Opecrfitov aloXop,irpr}v,
fie/jL7]X(o<;,

Tprjxpv t'

alxfArjTtjv

AItcoXcov Olvofxaov re,

real

Olvo7rl8rjv 0'

"EXevov

6? p' iv"TXrj valecnce fxeya ttXovtoio

Xifivrj
iceicXip,evo<;

KrjcpicriSi,'

irdp Be 01 aXXoc
710

vaiov BomotoI pudXa iriova Brjfxov e%ovTes.

Hera and Athena

Toix; 8'

resolve to

come

to the succor

of the Greeks ; and

the battle of the gods begins.

a><?

ovv ivorjae Bed Xev/ccoXevos "Hprj

vafiLvrj,

'Apyelow; oXeKovras evl Kparepfj

J

clvtlk

A6rjvaii]v eirea irrepoevra TrpocrrjvBa'

*fl ttottol, alyi6%oto

7]

Albs

T6/C09,

drpuTcovr),

p' aXiov top fivdov

inrecrTrj/iev

MeveXdqy,

715

"IXiov eicirepcravT

evrelyeov diroveeaOai,

el ovrco fialvecrOai idcrofiev

ovXov "Aprja.
0ovpt8o<; dX/cr}?.

dXX' dye

Br]

kolI

vcoc fieBcofieda

Hera prepares her chariot of war.

*fl<;
rj

ecpar', ovB' diriOrjcre

Bed yXavKcoTra

'AByjvr).

p,ev

eiroixp^vri

xpvcrdpbirvicas evrvev ittttov?

720

"Hprj, Trpeafia Bed, Bvydrrjp /jbeydXoio Kpovoto'

IAIAAOS

B.

127

"Hfir) 8' a/i<' o^eeaal #oco? /3a\e tcafnrvXa, fcvtcXa,

XaX/cea

OKjdKvr\p.a,

cnB-qpitp a^ovi dpcpU.

aifiOiTos,

t&v

rj

rot yjpvtrkr) IVi/?

avrdp virepOe
725

^aX/ce' iiricraorpa irpoaapripora, Oavp-a IheaOaf

7r\P)p,vai

8'

apyvpov

etcrl

irepiSpofioi dftffroTepoidev.

Bicppo? 8e y^pvakoicn ical dpyvpeoiatv Ipacnv

ivrerarat, 8oial 8e 7repi8pop,oL avrvyes elai.

tou S' e apyvpeos

Brjae
/cdX' eftaXe, ^pvcrec'

pvp,b<$

nreXev avrap

eV

aicpw
730

^pvaeLov icaXbv %vyov, iv 8e Xeirahva

'

virb 8e

%vybv rjyayev "Hprj

tTnrow; oiicxnro8a<;, pLe/JuavV epiBos koX avrr^;.

Athena arrays herself

in armor.

Avrap
ttolklXov,
r\

'A67)vai7],

Kovprj Abbs alyw^oto,

TrerrXov /xev Kare^evev eavbv Trarpbs

eV
K(ip,e

ov8ei,

ov p

avrrj TTOu'](TaTo teal

yepaiv'

735

Be xitwv'

ivBvcra A;b? vecpeXqyeperao

rev^ecriv e? iroXep^ov Ocoprjaaero Baicpvoevra.

cifMpl

8' dp' u)p,ouriv fidXeT' alyt8a dvacravoecraav,

ffv

Beivqv, iv 8

irepi p,ev irdvrr) (poftos

aX/cij,

i(TTpe<pdv(i)Tai,
laiicr),

"Epiq, iv 8'

iv 8e icpvoeaaa

740

iv 8e T Topye'w)
Beivrf

K(f>aXr)

Betvolo ireXwpov,

re <rp,$p8vrj re, Albs repas alyioyoio.

8'
iir'

Kparl
if 8'

dpcptcpaXov Kvverjv Oero rerpacpdXrjpov,

%pv(Tir)v,

efcarbv ttoXlcov TrpvXeecra' dpapvlav.

@r]creTo,

o%ea (pXoyea iroal

Xd^ero

8'

e'7^09

745

fipidv fiiya artfiapov,

rjpoiwv,

tw

8dp,vr)cn a-rl^as dvBptov

rolaiv re KOTeaaerai ofipipLoiraTpr).

128

IAIAAOS

E.

And

the

two goddesses, with Hera as

Olympus,

charioteer, hasten to

"Hprj Be fido-Tiyi Sows

eVe/iou'ei-'

dp

lttttovs'

avTOfiarai, Be irvKai, p,vKov ovpavov, a?

T579
rjfiev
rfj

e% ov

^P ai

7ri,TeTpa7rrai /xeya? ovpavb<;

Ov\v/j,tt6<; re,
'

750

avaicKZvai irvieivbv vecpos

St'

r/8

7ri6elvat.
'ittttovs.

pa

avrdcov Kevrpr/vefcea? e%ov

r\p,evov

evpov Be Kpovicova Oecov drep

aXkwv

aKpordrr)

tcopv<pj)

7ro\vBeipdBo<; OuXv/xttoio.

and beseech Zeus

v

to arrest Ares, in his destruction

of the Achaeans.
755

Ev0

ittttovs

cmjaacra Bed

\ev/cco\.evo<;

"Upt)

Zrjv' vrrarov KpoviBrjv i^etpero /cal irpoaeefwe'

Zev
fidyfr,

irdrep,

ov

vep.eal^rj "Aprj

rdBe tcaprepd epya;

^

oacraTiov re

/cal

olov dircoXeae
tc6crp,ov,

\aov Ayatoiv
B'

drdp ov Kara

ip,ol

d^o?' oi Be
'
'

eicrfkoi,

repirovrai Kvirpis re kcu dp<yvpoTol~o<;

cicppova tovtov dvevres,

AiroWwv

760

09 ov Ttva olBe Oep.to'ra'

Zev

irdrep,

rj

pd

tl fiot 6^oA,wcreat, at tcev "Aprja

P'd^rjf;

Xvyptos TreTrXiryvla

e^airoBiwpiai

Zeus permits

the goddesses to interfere,

and to punish

Ares.

Tr)v B' d7rap,ei/36p,evo<; irpoae^T] vecpeXiyyepera Zev<i'

aypei p.dv oi erropcrov 'Adrjvairjv dyeXeirjv,

rj

765

e fidXccrr'

elcode Ka/cfj?

bBvvycn 7re\detv.

They return

to the

Trojan plain, where Hera, with the voice and

rallies the Greeks,

form of Stentor,
*fl<; ecpar',

ovB' d7ri6r}cre Bed \ev/cd>\evo<; "Upt],

t<w B'

fidcrn^ev B' Xttttovs'

ovk detcovre ireread^v

IAIAA02
fjbe<rar}yv<i

E.

129

yair}<i

re Kal ovpavov do-repoevros.

770

oaaou
77/xeyo?

8' f/epoeiBes dvrjp iBev o(pdaXfMoio~iv

iv dKoirifj, Xevcracov eVt oivoira ttovtov,

vyjrr}^ee<;
Xiriroi.

rocraov iiridpoiaKovaL Oewv

dXX' 0T6
r)%i

Br)

Tpoir/v l^ou 7rora/u,(o re peovre,

rjBe.

pods Sifioeis avp-^aXXerov

^Ka/xavBpos,
775

evd' iTnrovs earrjo-e ded XevKcoXevos "Hpyj

Xt/craa'
if;

o^ecov,

rrepl S' r)epa

irovXvv e^eue-

Toicriv S'

d/jL{3poaL7)v

Xt/Moec? dvereiXe vip.eaBai.

At Be ^drrjv
dXX' ore
earaaav,
Brj

Tprjpatcn ireXetda tv

Wp,ad'

ofioiai,

dvBpdatv 'Apyetoto~tv
p
'

dXe^efxevai. /xefiavtat.

'iicavov

odi 7rXetarot Kal dptcnoi

i7nro8dfioio

780

dp,(pl j3ir}v Atofii'jBeo';

elXofievot, Xeiovaiv eoucores cofio(pdyotaiv

rj

aval

Kdirpotcriv,
r\v<je

twv re

crdevos ovk

dXairaBvov

evOa

crracr'

0ed XevKwXevos "Hprj,

ixeyaXi'iropi,

HrevTopt,
05 toctov

elcrafievr)

^aXKeo^Mvw,

785

avBrjaaa^,

ocrov

aXXoi irevrrjKOvra'
t

AtBa)$ 'Apyetot, kuk

o<f>pa

iXey%ea, etBos dyrjToi'

fiev

? TroXefiov ircaXeaKero Bios 'A^iXXevs,

ovBe 7tot Tpwes

irpb

irvXdwv AapBavidwv
790

oiyye<TKov KeLvov yap eBeiBiaav 6j3pifxov eyx o $' vvv Be e/cds ttoXios tcoiXyq iiri vijvcl pudyovrat.
'

fl<;

etTTOvtr'

wrpvve

ptevos

/ecu

Ouptov etcdarov.

while

Athena rouses Diojnede

to

engage in combat with Ares.

TvBeiBrj 8' irropovae

Bed yXavtcwins 'AOijvrj'

/3dXe Hdv8apo<s

evpe Be rov ye dvatcra Trap* iTnroiaiv Kal o%ea(piu

e\o? dvayfrvyovra, to
IBpcos

pttv

la>.

795

ydp

pttv

ereipev virb irXareos reXaptoivos

I30
dcrirtBo^

IAIAAOS
ev/cv/ckov

E.

t&> retpero, tcdfive Be ^etpa,

av

B'

io~%a)v rekafjioiva KeXatvecpe? alfi

dirofiopyvv.

lirireiov

Be 6ed vyov rjylraro (pcovrjaev re'

She begins by reproaching her favorite as

father, Tydeus.

less

courageous than his

*H
kglL p'

bXtyov ol TralBa eoiKora yeivaro TvBev?.

fjtt/epb<;

800

TvBev? rot

fiev erjv Bifias,

dXXct

p,a%r]Ti]<;.

ore irep

fitv

iyco iroXefil^etv ov/c eiacrnov

ovV

eKTrat<pdcrcretv,

ore r' r)Xv9e vbcrfytv 'A%at(ov

7roXea<; p,erd KaBfielcovas,

ayyeXos

e?

@>]{3a<>

BaivvcrOai fitv avcoyov evl fieydpotcrtv eKrjXov

805

avrdp
[prjlBlw
crol B'
ere
r]

dufibv e^cov bv icaprepov, co? to 7rapo? 7rep,

Kovpov, KaBfieloiv Trpo/caXi^ero, rravra B' evttca

roiT)

ol eyu>v eirnappodos fja].

rot fiev eya> irapa 6' icrrafiat r/Be <f)vXdaaco,

Kai

Trpofypovews /ceXoptat Tpcoeaat fid^eadat'

rj

810

dXXd
r\

crev

/cdfiaTos iroXvdl^ yula BiBvicev,

vv ae irov Seo? ^o-^et d/cifpiov ov av y' erretra

TuBeo? ttcyovos iaat Bai'cppovos OiveiBao.

Diomede reminds
his protectress that
it is because of her prohicombat with the gods.

bition that he refrains from

Tr]v

0"

uTrafietfiofievo? irpoae^rj /cparepb? Aiofi^Br]^'

ere

yt,yvd)o~Ka>

Bed, Ovyarep Atos alytbyoto*

815

tc3

rot 7rpo(f)povicD<; epeco t7ro? ou8' errticevaoj.

fie

ovre rl

Bsos lo-^et d/cijptov ovre

fie fivr) fiat

ti<;

okvos,

d\X' en aeoav
ov
fi'

ecf>eTfie<ov,

a? eVeTetXa?

eta? fiaicdpecrcrt deois dvrticpv fid^eadat

e't

Tol?

aWoi?' drdp

ice

Atbs Qvydrr\p

'AcfrpoBtrr)

820

IAIAAOS
e.XOycr'
e<?

E.

131

tto'Ksijv, ttjv 7' ovrdp.ev 6%t'C ^a\/e&>.

rovveica vvv airo? t' dva^d^ofixi rjBe koX

dWov?

'Apyei'ovs i/ceXevaa uXrjfxevai evddBe rravra^'

jiyvcocTKO)

yap "Aprja

fjbd^Tjv

dvd /coipavtovra.
promises her aid in

Athena not only revokes

this prohibition, but

person.

Tbv
pLrj~e

8'

rip-eifter'

trreira
ipbtp

6ed yXavKoyirci 'Ad^vr}'

825

TvBeiBrj Ai6p,T)8e<;,

KeyapLo~p,eve 6vp,(p,

av y' "Aprja to ye BelBiOt p.i)re riv' dXXov dOavdratv toitj rot iycov iirnappoOos el/xc. d\\' ay' eV "Aprji 7rpcorco e'^e /iaW^a? I'mrovs,
rvyjrov Be ayeBlr/v, p,r)B' a^eo

dovpov

' '

Apr\a

830

tovtov

p,aivop,evov, rv/crbv kclkov,

dXXorrpoaaXXov,

0? rrpcorjv /xev ep,oi re ical

Tpcocrl fia^txecrdai,

"Hpy arevr' dyopevwv

'Apyeiotcriv dpt]^iv,

drap

vvv Be p,erd Tpweaaiv opuXel, rcov Be XeXaarai.

She takes the place of Sthenelos, and together

approach Ares.

the goddess

and

hero

*/2? (pap.evrj XOkveXov p-ev a^>' irnrwv were yayLO^e

835

X^ipX trdXiv epvaaa*

r)

'

8'

dp'

eyu./ia7re'a)?

drropovaev.

8' e? 8i<ppov eftaive rrapal Aiop.r)Bea Blov

ipLpbepbavla 6ed'

pueya 8' eftpaye

(pr'/yivos

d^cov
t' dpiarov.

/3pi6oavi'rj'

8etvt]v

yap dyev Oebv dvBpa

teal

Xd^ero Be pbdanya
abr'uc
r)

ijvia

IIaXXd<; 'AO/jvr}'

840

67T

"Aprji 7rpcoTfp eye p.(ovvya<; irnrovs.

rot o p,ev IleplcpavTa rreXcopiov e^evdpi^ev,

AlrcoXcov 6y

dpiarov, 'Oyjiaiov dyXabv vlov

p,tap6vo<>'
p,iv

tov

p.ev "Apr]*; evdpi^e

p,i)

avrdp

'Adijvrj

8vv' "AiBos Kvver/v,

iBoc o/3pip.o<; "Api)?.

845

132

IAIAAOS

E.

Ares leaves

the corpse which he is despoiling, and launches his spear at Diomede; Athena turns the spear aside,

T2?
tj

Be iBe /3poTo\ot<yo?

"Ap^s

Aiop,rj8ea Blov,

too o /xev Ileptcpavra ireXdaptov avrod' eaae ode irpwrov Kreivwv e^aivvro dv/xov,
fir)

/ceicrdai,

avrap

p"

Wvs

Aiop,rj8eos i7r7roBdp,oio.

ol 8' ore

Br)

a-yeBbv rjcrav iir' dXXrjXoiaiv lovres,

'

850

irpocrdev "Apr]? a>pea$

ey^ei' ^aX/celo)
teal

virep fyybv rjvia 6' ittttcov

/ze/za&>?

airb 6vp,bv

eXeaOaf

to

<ye

%etpt Xafiovaa Bed yXavKayrris ^Adrjvr}

i/c

cbaev vtt

Bid>poio ircoo-Lov ai%6i)vai.

but so seconds Diomede's cast that he

wounds Ares,
855

Aevrepos av6* 6>ppidro

ey%ei ^ok/cela

jBor)v

eTrepeiae Be

ayadbs Aiop,r)8r)<i IlaXXas 'Adrfwr)

veiarov e? Keveoiva, odi ^ayvvvcr/ceTO ixirprjv'

rfi
e'/c

pa pav ovra

rvyjav,

Bid

Be.

XP a Ka ^v
8'

eBa-^rev,

Be Bopv enrdcrev avrts.

e(3pa%e ydXtceos "Apr)?,

oaaov T
toi)?

evved^iXoi eiriayov

r)

BeKayiXoi

860

avepes ev rroXepbW epiBa ^vvdyovres dpijos'

8' dp' inrb rpop-os

elXev

Ayaiovs re Tpcods Te

Beta auras* roaov eftpay^ "Apr)*; euros troXepjoio.

who disavow s from

8' eK
el;

the battle-field, passing through the clouds to

Olympus,
O'lt}

ve(pecov

epefBevvr) cpalverai dr)p

Kavp,aro<;

avep.010

Buaaeos bpvvp,evoio,
"

865

Toto?

TvBelBrj Aiop,r)8ei ydX/ceo?

libv

Aprjs
evpvv.

(pawed* 6p,ov vecpeeacnv

eh ovpavov

IAIAA02
KapiraXlp.(o<i
8'

E.

133

i/cave

Oewv

eSo?,

alirvv "OXv/mttov, dvp,bv d^evcov,

Trap 8e

Au

Kpovlowt, KaOe^ero

8el%ev 8' afifipoTov alfxa

Karap'peov e wretX?}?,

870

Kai p

'

d\o<pvp6/xevo<i eirea rrrepbevra 7rpoar)u8a.

where he

tells

his woes to Zeus,

Zev

irdrep, ov

vefieal^r] opoiv

rd8e Kaprepa epya;

alel rot plyicrra Oeol rerXrjores elfiev

aXkr)\a)v Iottjti, yapiv dv8pecrcn cpepovres.

o~ol

irdvres fia^bf^eo-da' crv

fj

yap

Te/ce? d(f>pova Kovprjv, 875

ovXofievrjv,

t' alev

drjcrvXa epya fxepufKev.

ocrot,

dWot

fiev

yap

irdvres,

Oeol eta' ev

OXvfnrqy,

aol t' eirnrelOovrai koX 8e8p.t)fjiea0a etcaaTOS'

ravTTjv 8' ovt' eirei TrporifidWeai ovre ri epy<p,
a\.\.'
fj

dviels,

errel

avros eyeivao 7ral8' al8rfKov

880

vvv Tv8eo<; vlov, v7Tp(pla\ov Aiop,rj8ea,

fiapyalvecv dverj/cev

eV

dOavdroiai

Oeolcri.
eiri

Kvrrpc8a

p.ev

wptorov o-)(e8bv ovraae %etp'

avrai
p.01 eTrecrcruro 7ro'Se?.

icapird)

avrap

eireir'

8aifiovt tcro?*
r)

dXkd p?
i)

vTnjveiKav Ta^ee9

re

fee

8ripbv

885

ai/Tov rrr)p.ar^ eiraayov ev alvfjaiv veicd8eo~cnv,

Ke

a)? d/jLevrjvos

ha ^clKkoIo rvirfjat.
sympathy,

who Tbv
fj,7]

at first shows

little

8' dp' vir68pa I8cbv 7rpoae'(f>r} ve<f>e\rjyepera

Zev^'

rl fioi

dWo7rpoo~aWe
eaat
re
epi<;

7rapeofjLevo<; fiivvpi^e.
o't

e%0io~TO<i 8i fioi

Oecov,
(ptXrj

"OXv/jlttov e^ovcrcv

890

alel

yap

toc

7ro\ep,ol re p.dyai re.

p,T)rpo<i

rot pevos eo~rlv ddcryerov, ovtc eirteiKrov,

rr)v p,ev eyo> airov8rj
8d/jLvr)p,'

"Hpr)<;'

e7reeao-tv.

134
T&5

IAIAAOS
a'
-

B.

otcii

/ceivrjs

rdBe -ndo-yeiv

ivvealrjcriv.

aXX* ov fxdv <r' en Brjpbv dve^ofxai aX/ye' e^ovra' i/e yap epuev yevos iaal, ifiol Be ere yeivaro p.r\rr\p.
el Be

895

rev i dXXov ye Oewv yevev

Br)

coS'

di'drjXos,

Kal Kev

irdXai r)o~9a eveprepos Oupavicovwv.

but at length

commands Pa;on

to

heal his wounds.

*!$ (pdro, Kal Tlair\ov^ dvcoyeiv hjaaadai.

tu>

o eVl Uair]a>v 6Bvvr)(para (papfia/ca nrdcrcrev

1
'

goo

[rj/cecraT
<u?

ov fiev yap tl fcaraOvrjTOs 7' irervxro].

8'

ot] 07ro?
eov,

ydXa XevKou
co/ca

eVetyo/i.ez/0? crvveirrj^ev

vypbv

pbdXa S'

7rept,rpi<peTai kvkocovti,
''Apr/a.
e'lfiara

w? dpa KapiraXljxw^ hjaaro Oovpov

rbv 8' "Hftrj Xovcrev, yaplevra Be
irdp Be

ecrae'

935

Au

Kpovtcovi Ka0eero Kvhei yalwv.

irpb? Bcofxa Atb<> fieydXoio veovro
'

At

B' ai>Tis

"Hpr) t' 'Apyeh)

Kal

AXaXKOfievrjts 'Adrjvr),

iravcraaai, fiporoXoiyov "Aprjv dvBpoKTaaidcov.

THE

ILIAD.

BOOK
The Achaeans retain
the advantage.

VI.
The gods having left the field, among them Ajax, Dio-

various chieftains signalize themselves; tnede, Odysseus, and Agamemnon.

Tpcooiv 8' olcoOrj Kal ^A^aicbv (pvXoTTis alviy

iroXXa 8'

ap' evOa Kal evd'

Wvae

p-d^rj irehioio,

aXXijXcov Wwofievcov -^aXfiijpea hovpa,

pLeaa-qyv^ %ip.6evTO<;
Al'a<t

I8e

advdoto podcov.
5

Be 7T/3WTO? TeXapLcbvios, epKoq ^A^aiwv<,

Tpwcov

p^e

(pdXayya,

<poa)<;

8'

erdpoiaiv edrjKev,

avhpa
tov p
iv &
'

fiaXcov,

0? apiaTOs evl

py/ccaac tItvkto,

vibv 'Eucraojpov, 'AtcdpLavT* tjvv re p,eyav re.

kfiaXe 7rpwT09 Kopvdos <pdXov iTnrohaaetrj^,

77?} ^6,

pLT(i)7T(p

TTeprjae 8

ap

OCTTEOV

elcTCO

10

ai%p,ri ^aXKeiT]'

tov he

o~koto<; ocrcre KaXuyjrev.

"AgvXov

8' ap' 7re<pve fior]v

dyado?

diop.i]8r)$

Tevdpavihrjv, o? evaiev ivKTlfiiin) iv 'Apiafir)

dcpveibs j3lotolo, 0iXo? 8' tjv dv0pcoTroLO~c

Travras yap (piXeecrfcev 6Sc5 ewe ol/cta vaicov.

15

dXXd

ol ov Ti?

irpocrOev

twv ye tot viravTido-as, dXX'

tco 8'

f)Keve^
a/x(pco

Xvypbv oXeOpov

cx.^

k^o

Ouptbv uirrji/pa,

ai>Tov Kal

OepdirovTa K.aXrjo~iov, o? pa to#' Zmrav

ap,(po)

ka~Kev ixprjv logo's'

yalav iBvTtjv.

I36
Aprjcrov 8'
/3rj

IAIAAOS
E&pvaXo?
teal

Z.

'OcfieXriov

e%evdpi%e'
irore vvftfpr)

20

Be [xeT^ Alarjirov Kal HrjBaaov,

01/9

vrj'h

^Aftapfiaper) Te/c' djxvfxovL BovkoXlcovi.

8'
r/v

BoukoXicov

vlbs

dyavov Aaop,e8ovTO<i
/JLrjTrjp'

Trpeo-fivraTOS yevefj, gkotlov Be e yelvaro

iroipbaivwv 8' eir
rj

oecrcrt

filyr)

(piXoTTjrc Kal evvf},

25

8' inroKvaapbevrj BiBv/xdove yelvaro rralSe.

<fial8ip,a
'

Kal p,ev t)V vireXucre pbevos Kal

MijKLcrTrjid&rjs, Kal a7r' m/jlcov

yula

rev^e

eavXa.

'AuTvaXov

8' ap' 7re<pve p^eveTTToXe/xot;

UoXvirolrw
30

IIi8vt7]v 8' 'OSucreu? TJepKuxTLov e^evdpi^ev

ey^el ^aXKelw, TevKpos 8' 'Aperdova

Blov.

'AvtiXoxos

8' "AftXrjpov evrjparo

Bovpl <f>aeivS

NeaTopiBr)?, "EXarov Be ava dvBpcbv

Ayap,e/MVQ)V

vale Be SaTvioevro? evppelrao irap* o%0a<;

UrjBacrov
1

aiirei,vr)V'

$vXaKov

8'

eXe Arj'CTOs

r/p<w?

35

(pevyovT

EvpvirvXos Be MeXdvOtov i^evdpigev.

life,

Menelaos captures Adrastos, and is inclined to spare his

v

A8p7]<TTOv 8' ap' eireira fiorjv

ltttto)

dyaOos MeveXaos

%(oov e\''
6^(p

yap

ol

aTvop,eva> TreBioio,

evi f3Xa<p0evre fivpiKivcp,

dyKvXov dpfia
efirjTrjv

d^avT^ ev
7T/30?

7rpd>ra> pvfico avTQ) fiev

fj

40

iroXiv,

irep ol

aXXoi drv^ojievoi

(po/Seovro,

avrb<; B
7rpr)vr)<;

eK Bitppoio irapa rpoyov e^eKvXtadri

ev kovItjctiv 7rl arofxa.

Trap Be ol

ecrrr)

'ArpelBr}^
"

MeveXao?
B

e^cov BoXi^octklov e'7^09.

45

A8prj(TT0<;

dp' eirena Xa/3u>v eXXicraeTO yovvcov

vie,

Zcoypei

Arpeo<f

crv

8'

a^ta

Be'^at diroiva.

iroXXa 8' ev

d<f>veiov

iraTpos Keip,i]Xta Keirai,

IAIAA02

Z.

I37

^a\o? re xpv<r6<; re iroXvKp.7]r6<; re <riBr}po^, twv tcev rot yapicraLTO irarrjp dTrepetai' airoiva,
el

Kev
*f2<;

ep,e

a)6v 7re7rvdocr' eVt vrjvalv ^A^atSiv.

50

(pdro, to5 8'

fAtv
c5

dpa

dv/xbv evi cmjOecracv eireiQe.

6oa<;

koX

Bi)

Tax' e/zeXXe

eVt

vrja<i

'A%ai(t)v

Bcoaeiv

depdirovri Karate/Mew

aXX' 'Ayafie/Mvcov
eVo? rjvBw

dim'09 rjXde Qeoav, koX

6p.oicXr)cra<;

but

Agamemnon's taunt

leads

him

to relinquish his

thought of

mercy.

Tl

ireirov,
;

w MeveXae,
dpcara

tc

rj

Be

dvBpcov

rj

crol

7re7roir)Tai

av /crjBeat ovtco<; Kara olkov

55

irpbs Tpcocov toju lltj Tt<? v7reic<pvyoi alirvv oXedpov Xelpas 0' iiLierepas, p,rjB' ov riva yaarept fiijrrjp

Kovpov eovTa
.

(pepot,

p^rjB'

09 (puyoi,
real

aXX' ap,a irdvre^

60
r)pa}<;,

IXiov e^aTroXoiar' d/ajBecrTOL

'

d(pavTot.

fls eiTrcov erpeyfrev dBeX<peiov (ppevas

B

aiaifia irapenrcov.
rjpco'
'

dirb edev axraro yeipX

'

ABprjarov rov Be Kpelwv Ayap.kp,v(ov

6

ovra /card Xairdpr)v

8' dveTpdirer

',

'ATpeiBrjs Be
65

Xa

ev cni-jdea-L

f3d<;

e^ecnracre /xelXivov e'7^09.

e'/ee'/eXeTO

Necrrcop 8' 'Apyeioicriv

p,aicpbv

dvaa?.
spoil,

Nestor exhorts the Greeks not to turn aside for up the pursuit.
^ fl
fir)

but to follow

<f>iXoL

rjpcoes

Aavaol, 6epdirovTe<i "Aprjos,

Tt9 vvv evdptov eirLf3aXX6[xevo<i p^erbindde

<U9
fee

fjLifxveTQ},

irXelara

<j>epcov

eirl

v))a<;

ifcrjTai,

dXX' dvBpas

tcTelvcofiev

eireiTa Be teal

rd

e/crjXoi

*jo

veicpov<; dp. ireBiov

crvXrjaeTe TeQvrjwTas.

138

IAIAAOS

Z.

And the

Trojans would have been driven within the walls of Troy had not Helenos appealed to Aeneas and Hector.
p.evo<;

',

*f2? eliroov corpvve

teal

6u[xov e/cdarov.
'

evda

rcev

avre Tpcoe?

dpTji'cpiXwv vtt*

Ayaiwv
1

"IXtov elcravefirjcrav dvaXKeirjcrt Bafiivre ;,

el
pbrj

ap' Alvela re Kai "E/cropi

elrre
6'^'

rrapaara^

75

UpiajjLihri<$

"EXevos, olcovo7roXcov
tcai

apicrro?'
vp.p.1

Alveia re
Tpdooov KOi

"Ejcrop, eVel 7rovo<;

ficiXiara

Avklcov eyKeKXirai, ovve/c' dpiaroi

IQvv iare p.dyeo~Qai re (ppoveeiv re,
80

Traaav
<7T?}t'

eV

avrov, Kai Xaov epvKUKere rrpo irvXdwv

iravrrj eivoi-yopbevoi, irplv avr' iv

(pevyovras rreakeiv, Bijtotai 8e

X yappa

eP ai

ywaiK&v

yeveaOai.

avrap
r?/xej?

eirei ice (pdXayya<; iirorpvvrjrov airdcras,

pep Aavaolai

p.ayT)o~6p,eQ'

avQi fievovres,

/cat

fxdXa

rei.p6p.evoi irep'

dvayicair)

yap

kirelyei.

85

He

begs Hector to go to the city,

and

direct the

matrons

to suppli-

cate Athena.

"Etcrop,
fMTjrepc
'

drap av 7roXiv8e
crfj

/xerepyeo, etVe 8' eireira

Kai

ip.j}'

1)

Be %vvdyovo~a yepaias

vrjbv

'Adrjvairj^

yXavKco7ri8o<; iv iroXet, dxprj,

oc^aaa
ireirXov,

kXtjiBl

Ovpas lepolo

86fxoio,

0? ol 80/ceec yapteararo^ r/8e fieyicrros

go

elvai iv\ p.eydp(p icai ol iroXv <piXraro<; avrrj,

Oelvai 'AOrjvairjs

iirl

yovvaatv
ai k'

r)vic6p,oio,

Kai ol VTTOcr-ykaQai 8votcai8e/ea fiovi

771/49

ivi

vrjai

7jKeara<i iepeucre/xev,

iXetjcrr)

ao~ru re Kai Tpcocov aX6%ov<; Kai vqiria reKva,

95

IAIAAOS
at
/cev

Z.

I39
(pfjs,

TuBe'os vibv airoa-)(rj 'IXiov

al)(fiT)T7]v,

aypiov
ov
Bif

Kparepbv

p.i]o~Tcopa <poj3oio,
cprj/xt

eyco

Kapricrrov 'A^aicov

yeveadai.

ouS'

'A^X^d

Trod' coSe 7' iBei8i/j.ev, bpyayiov

avBpwv,
100

ov Trip (pact deas e%ep,p,evai"

fiaiverai, ovBi t/? oi

a\\' oBe

Xirjv

Bvvarai yueVo? lao<papleiv.

Hector complies, havingfirst rallied the Trojans and exhorted them to courage during his absence.
*/2? ecf)a9\ "Efcrcop
&'

ov ti KacrvyvrjTG) UTTiO-qaev.

avTi/ca B'

e'

b^oav

crvv

Tev%eaiv aXro ^ap-a^e,

jrdXXwv S' 6%ea Bovpa

Kara arparbv

(pX eT0

^^Tr)
105

orpvvcov p.a^lcraa0ai, eyeipe Be cpvXo7nv alurjv.

ol 8' iXeXfyOijcrav /cat evavrlot

earav "'A-yai&v
Be cpovoio,

'Apyeioi B' vTre^cap'qo-av, Xrjffav

<pav Be tip'

Tpcoalv a\e^i]crovra KareX6ep,ev'

"

aOav&TWv i ovpavov daTepoevro? &? iXeXi^Oev.

i/ce/cXero pbaicpbv

E/crcop Be Tpcoecraiv

uveas'

no

Tpwes
b<pp'
ei7rco

vTrepQvfjuOi TrjXe/cXeiTOt t'

eiriKovpoi,
dX/crj$,

avepes eare, cpiXoi, fivjjaacrOe Be

OovpcBos

av

iyu>

/Sei'o)

Trporl "IXiov r/Be yepovaiv

teal

/3ov\evrf]ai

^pierepr]^

dXo^oiai
e/caT6/j./3a<;.

BaipLoaiv apr)o-aaQai, vTT00"%eadai B'

115

The combat continues during Hector's

fury,

absence, but

with diminished

and opportunity is given for Glaukos and Diomede.

quieter scenes.

Episode of

*{2<;

apa
fj

(pGovrjaas aTrefir}

KopvOaloXos "Eicrcop'

apbcpl

Be fiiv acpvpd rvirre /cal

7rvfia,TT}

au^eva Bepp,a KeXatvov,

avTv1~,

deev aairCBo^ 6pL<paXoeaar)<;.

140
,

IAIAAOS

Z.

T\avKo<; 8
e>

'IrrrrciXoyoio irais, /ecu Tv8eo<; fto?

crvviTtjv p,epacore pudyecrdat,.
67r'

peaov dpcporepcov
ore
8t)

01 8'

o~ye8bv rjaav

dXXi]Xoi<Tiv lovres,

tov Trporepos irpoaeenre

fiorjv

dyaObs

Aioprj8r}<;'

The episode begins by Diomede's question " who Glaukos is ? "for he will not presumplitousiy engage in combat with gods.
TV? 8e av
ecrcrt

(pepurTe KaTaOvrjrojv dv6pco7ra>v

ov pev yap ttot' oirajira p-dyrj eve /cvSiavelpy

to irplv drdp pev vvv ye irdXv

crco

7rpoj3e/3r)ica<>

dirdvrccv 125

ddpaec, 6 t' ip,bv 8oXcyoaKiov e'7^09

ep,eiva<>.

SvaTrjvcov Be re iralSes epa> p,evei dvTiowcriv.

el

Be Tt?

ddavarwv ye

/car'

ovpavov elXrfkovOas,

ov/c

av

iyco

ye Qeolaiv eTvovpavLoKJL payolprjv.

130

ov8e yap ov8e Apvavro? vlos, Kparepbs Avicoopyos,

8r)v r)v,

0?

pa

Oeolcriv eirovpavLouTiv epil^ev

o? ttotc p,aivopevoio Accovvaoio Ttdr/vas

aeve /car' r)yddeov Nvcrrjlov al S' dp,a iraaat,

OvaOXa yapal Kareyevav

Oeivbpevai j3ovrrXr)yf
Bua-eO'

vtt'

dvBpocpovoio
Be

AvKovpyov
135

Aidovvcos

<po/3rjdel<;

dXbs Kara
/cparepbs
eTreir'

/cvpa,

Sens

8'

bireBe^aro koXttco
opo/cXr}.

BeiBioraT(p p,ev

yap eye rpopos dvBpbs

oBucravro Oeol peta ^uiovres,

edr/tce

Kal piv rvcpXbv

rjv,

Kpbvov
6eol<;
o't

irdl^'

01/8'

dp' ere Brjv

140

eirel

adavdroiaiv dirr'jydero iracn deolaiv.

edeXoipu p,d%eo~dai.

ovB' av iyco pa/cdpecrcri

el Be
ti'<?

ecrcri

fiporwv,
tcev

dpovpr)$ tcapirbv eBovaiv,

i/crjai.

daaov

W\

w?

Oacraov oXeQpov 7relpa8'

IAIAAOZ

Z.

I4I

Glaukos replies, commencing with the wonderfully beautiful simile in which mankind are compared to the leaves of the forest.

Tov
otj]

8'

avd

y
'

IttttoXo-^olo irpocr^vBa <pai8ip.o<; vlos'

rj

TvBeiBrj fxeyd6vp.e, tl

yeveyv epeeiveis
roirj

145

irep (pvXXoiv yevei],

fiev

Be

ical

dvBpcov.

cpvXXa rd
rrfkeOocaaa
o>>

ave/ios 'yapLdBis %ee/,

dXXa

Be 6'

vXt)

cpvei,

eapo$
i)

8'

itriyiyverai
cpvet,
1)

copy
ev
150

dvBpwv

yeverj

p,ev

8' drroXriyei.

el B'

eBeXets, ical

ravra
rroXXol

Barjfievai,

o<pp'

el8fj<;

T)p.erepr\v yeve-qv,

Be jxiv

dvBpes tcraaiv.

Sis\phos of Corinth was his progenitor, the father of Bellerophon, whose exploits are mentioned at length, and how he was sent to

Lykia and settled there.

v

Eo~ti ttoXis 'Ecpvprj p-v^co "Apyeos iirirofioTOio,

ea/cev,

evOa Be ^iavcpos

o icepBiaros ye'ver' dvBpcov,

icrvcpos

AIo\IBj]<;' 6

S'

dpa TXavKov

re/ced' vlov,

avrdp

rXavfccx; eri/crev dp.vp.ova BeXXepocpovrrjv

155

tco Be 6eo\
toiracrav.

koXXo? re real rjvoperjv avrdp 01 Upolros Kaicd

epareivr/v
p.i]craro
Qvp.cZ,
fjev,

0? p

e/c

Bi]fiov

eXaacrev, iirei rroXv cpeprepos

Zevs ydp oi vrro crKijirrpco iBdfiacrcre. rd\ Be yvvrj Upoirov errep-qvaro, BV "Avreia, KpvmaBiT] (pLXoTrjri fiiyrj/xevac dXXd rbv ov re 7rei6' dyaOd (ppoveovra, Baj'<ppova BeXXepocpovrrjv
Apyeicov
'

160

tj

Be yp-evcra/xevT]

Upoirov
,

ftacriXrja rrpoarjvBa'

reOvai'rjs, co Ilpotr'

f]

KUKrave BeXXepocpovrrjv,
p,tytjp,evai ov/c

o?

p.

edeXev (piXorrjri

edeXovay

165

w?

cpdro, rbv Be avafcra ^oA.09 Xdftev, olov a/covae'

142
tcrelvai fiiv p
nrep,Tre
'

IAIAAOS

Z.

aXeeive, o~e/3dacraTO

yap to ye

6vix<-2,

Be fiiv AvtcirjvBe, iropev S' o ye crrjp.aTa Xvypd,

trivaici

ypd^ra? ev
Bel'*ai 8'

tttuktS du/xo^Oopa ttoWci,

Tcevdepw, 6'^p' cnroXoiro.
170

rjvooyei
(3?)

avrdp

AvKirjuBe dsoiv U7r' afivfiovL TTOfnrr}.

Avfcirjv l%e

aW*

ore

Br)

advdov re peovra,

7rpo(f}povea><; fxiv

rieu aval; Avxitjs evpei^.

ivvrjfiap %eivicrae kcl\ evvea f3ov? Ispevcrev.

dXX' ore
kcli

Br)

Be/curr) icpdvrj

poBoSd/CTuXo?

r)cb$,

175

Tore

fitv epeeive Kal yree o-rj/xa IBeaOai,

pd 01 ahrdp eVel
OTTi
irpoiTov fiev
iretpve/Aev.

yap,jBpolo irdpa
Br)
o-PjfMO,

Upoiroio

<f>epot,TO.

icaicbv

irapeBe^aro ya/iftpov,

pa Xifiaipa-v

d/MaLfiaKerrjv eiceXevcre
180

t)

8' a/?' erjv Oelov yej/o? ouS' avdpdnrwv,

fio~o-r)

irpoade Xicov, oiridev Be Bpdrecov,

Be yjixaipa,

Beivov diroitve'iova-a irvpo<; pevos al6op,evoio.

koX rriv ixev Kareirecpire OeSiv repdeacn 7n6t]aa<;.

Bevrepov av XoXvixoiai fia^rjaaro /cvBaXtfAoio-c

/capTLO-T7)v
Br)
ti')v

ye p,dyr)v

(f>dro

Bufievat, dvBpcbv.

185

to Tpirov av KareTre<pvev 'Ajxa^ova? dvTiavetpas.

T(p 8'

ap' dvepxofiivcp ttvklvov BoXov ciXXov vcpaive'

etc

Kplva^
elcre

Avicir)? evpelrjs (<uTa?

aplo-rov?

Xo^ov

to\ 8'

ov ti ttuXiv olicovBe veovro'

190

TrdvTa^ yap KaTeTre<pvev d/xvfj,wv BeXXepo<f)6vTr)<;.

aU'
avrov
ical

ore 87 yiyvwo-ice Oeov yovov i)vv edvra,

[Aiv tcarepvice,
Tifirj?

BlBov 8' 6 ye Ovyarepa

r)v,

Bo)Ke Be ol
/xiv ol

(3a<TiXr)iBo<; rj/jucrv irdar)^'

Avkioi ri/Aevos

tclilov e\-oyov aXXcov,

KaXov

<pvraXirj<; /cal dpovprjs, ocppa ve/xotTO.

igj

IAIAAOS

Z.

H3

Bellerophon

left three children,

one of whom, Hippolochos, was father of Glaukos.

'H

6" TK

rpla re/cva 8at(ppovt BeWepotpovry,

'

'IcravBpov re

zeal

ItvitoXg^ov kcu AaoBup-eiav.

AaoBapei'rj p,ev
7/

irapeXi^aro p,r)Tie~a Zev,,

8' eretf' avrldeov XapTTr)86va xakfco/copv(TT7]v.

dW
?;

ore

8rj

/cal

KeZvos dir/^Oero reden deolaiv,

' '

200

tol o kcltt ireBlov to

AXrfiov olos dXaTO

ov Oupiov tcareScov, irdrov dvOpcowcou dXeeivcov.

"IaavSpov 8e
p.apvdp.evov
rr)v 8e

01 vlbv "Ap-q?

dros rroXepioio

2o\vp.otat /care/crave KuSaXtpiotcn,

xo\(oaafj,e'vr) xpvcnjvto?
e/*'

"Aprepus

e/cra.

205

'l7r7roXo^o? 8'
TTepbire

en/cre,

/ecu

eV rov Q-qpu yeveaOav

Be p? es Tpolrjv, icai pot, p,d\a

ical

cuev dpiarevetv
p,r)8e

vireipo)(ov ep,p.evai

TroW* iirereWev dWcor,

1

yevos irarepcov ala^uuep,eu, 0? pvey

'E<pvp7) eyevovro /cal ev Auki'tj

dpcaroi,

iv r

evpei'rj.

210

TavTT)<; tov yeveijs re

kcu a'lpLaro? evyop,cu elvai.

Diomede joyfully recognises that guest-friendship existed between

Bellerophon

and

Oineits, his
/3o)]i>

own grandfather.
Aiop.7)8r}<;.

^/J? (fidro, yrjdrjcrev 8e

dya06<i

eyX 0<* avrap

rL * v Kare7rrj^ev eVt ^Oovl Trov\vfioreipr),

o p.eiXi^ioio-i 7rpoar]v8a TCoip,kva
pLOt

\aa>v
215

H. pa vv

%elvos irarpdiloq eaat rraXaio^'

Olvevs yap irore 8los dp,vp,ova BeWepocpovrrjv

%eivio-

evl

iieydpoLcriv

ieiKocnv r)p,ar^

epv^as'

01

8e Ka\ aXkrfkoicri iropov eivyia

" coa r)lp a 8c8ov (polvi/ct

Ka\d'
<j>aeiv6v,

Oiveix; p.ev

144

IAIAAOS

Z.

BeXXepocf)6vTrj<; Be ^pvcreov Beira? dp,(pt,KV7reXXov,

220

Kai pav eyoi KareXeLirov

lu>v

iv S&>/za<x' epolai.
ere

TuSea
ro3 vvv
elfil,

8'

ov

/AefAvrjfiai,

iireC /i'

tvtOov eovra
A.a.09

KaXXi<p\ 6V' iv
<roi

Orjftrjcriv dircoXero

'A-^accov.

fiev

iyco eti>09 (piXos

"Apyel p,eaaa>
iKoyfiat.

av

6 iv Avkvt),

ore Kev tcov Bi)p,ov

to

225

And the two heroes agree

"Ey%ea
7roWol
KTeLveiv,
fjuev

avoid one another in combat and ex-

change armor.
S' dXXr)Xa>v aXecibfieda

KaX 6V o/jliXov
eiriKovpoi,

yap

ipuol

Tpooes KXenol t

ov Ke 0e6$ ye iropr/ koX ttoo-gX Ki^elco,

S'

7roXXol

av col

'

A-^acoX evaipe/mev, ov

fee

Bvvrjai.

rev\ea
yvojertv
tV

8' dXXrfXois

eirapLetyouev, 8<ppa KaX

oXBe

230

ore ^elvot Trarpco'Cot

ev^op^ed^ elvai.
Xttttcov
real

/2?
%eipd<;

apa
t'

(pcovijaavre, jcad*

dt^avre,

dXXrjXwv Xafterijv

7riara>aavTo.

evd^
09

avre TXavtcco KpoviBr)*; <ppeva$ i^iXero Zevs,

TvBelBijv Aiofit]8ea Teu^e' a/xet/3e
e/axTO/z/3ofc'

777)09

235

yjyvaea yaXiceiwv,

ivveaftoiwv.

Meanwhile, Hector has reached the Scaean Gates; and, after directing the women who meet him there to pray to the gods, he hastens on to Priam'' s palace.
"

EtcTtop 8' OJ9 5*a(a9 re

irvXas KaX (prjyov

i/cavev,

dp<p^

apa

piiv

Tpcocov aXo^oc Oe'ov ?}Se

OvyaTpes

elpoybevat TcalBds
/cal
7rocria<;'

re Kacnyv^Tovi re eras re
eirevra deols evyeo-Qai dvcoyei

S'

240

7racr<Z9
,

e^eiiy;'
,

7roXXr}cn Be KTjBe' icprjirro.

AXX

ore

8i]

Upidpboio Bopuov TrepiKaXXe

'

iKave,

^earfj<i

aldovayo-t Tervyp,ivov, avrdp iv avrcp

IAIAAOS
7Tvrr}KovT^
irXrjcriov

Z.

145

evecrav

6d\ap,oi %eo~Toto Xidoio,

8e8p.t]p,evot'

dWrfXwv

evda 8e TralBe?
d\6%ot<ri.

245

koi/jlwvto

Ilptdjiioio

irapd

/xvija-rrj'i

Kovpdcov 8' erepcoOev evavriot ev8o6ev auX.779

8di8eK

eaav Tejeoc 0d\ap,oi %e<noio \l6olo,

dWtjjXwv
8e8p,rjp,evoi'

irXricriov

evOa 8e yap,(3pol
250
liba-

KOip,covro Upidpuoco

Trap*

alBolys aXo^oicrcv.

Hecuba meets him

here,

tion to the gods,

and offers him wine, that he may make and drink.

"Ev8a ol r)7ri68(0po<; evavrirj ijXvde ptrjTTjp Aao8Ui]v iadyovaa, Ovyarpwv etSo? dpicrrTjv ev t' dpa 01 <pv X ec P b ^'7r0l T <par' etc t' 6v6p,ae'
'
>

Teicvov, TiTTTe \iTTOiv iroXepbov

rj

Opaavv
'

el\rfkovda<i

pudXa

8rj

reipovcri

8uo~oovvp,oi vies
<re

Ayaiosv
6vp,o<$

255
dvrj/cev

p,apvdp,evoc irepi

dcnw
7roX.to?
ice

8'

iv6d8e
%elpa<;

iXOovr' ig

a/cpr)<;

Au

dvaa^elv.
evei/cco,

dX\d
ft>9

p.ev',

oeppa

rot p,e\ir)8ea dlvov

cnrelo~r)$

Au

rrarpl ical
/c<zvt6<;

aWois
ovr/crecu,

ddavdrouxi,
at
ice

irpwrov, eneira 8e

Trlrjada.

260

dvBpl 8e
<u?

iceicp,r)(OTC iceicp,7)Ka<i

p,evos p,eya olvo<; de%ei,

tvvij

djxvvcov croicriv errjcri.

Hector refuses the wine, but directs her to hasten with the other matrons to Athena's shrine, and to seek to propitiate the goddess.

Meanwhile, he goes in search of Paris.

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275

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285

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8'

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295

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IAIAA02

Z.

147

Theano, priestess of
the lap

A (hen a,

receives the mantle,

of the goddess,

lettering

and Jays it on a prayer which the goddess does

woXet a/cpy,

not regard.

At
rficu

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6vpa?

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eavco KaXXtTrdpyos,

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310

'V2? efiar' evyoptevq, dveveve 8e

HaXXds

Hector, meanwhile, has reached the palace of Paris, hard by ; and he finds him busied with his weapons, but in HeleiCs apart-

ment.

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I48
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325

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Xaol

upbraids him for holding aloof from the combat.

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Paris acknowledges the justice of the refiroof andpromises

to follow

him at

once.

Tov

8'

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340

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IAIAAOS

Z.

149

As Hector is
's

turning away, Helen seeks to detain kirn, /leaping execration upon herself and her husband.
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dvOpcoTTOLat TreXcopied'

Hector does not delay, but bids her see that Paris quickly follows
him.
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Arriving at his palace he does not find Andromache, but is directed by a servant to the tower above the Scaean Gates.
tS

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IAIAAOS

Z.

151

fust as he reaches the city wall, Andromache runs to meet him, and with her a maid carrying Aslyatiax.

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405

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Andromache beseeches Hector

to think of her son and herself. Her whole family are dead, father and seven brothers, by the hand of Achilles. Hector is every thing to her.

Aaipovie,

cpOicrei ere

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152

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Hector assures Atidromache that he does not forget the things of which she has reminded him, hit even though he feels that Troy
is

doomed he must

still

lead the defence.

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And yet

the downfall of Troy and the death of all his father's house would not touch him as does the thought of Andromache

a slave drawing water for her captors.

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154

IAIAAOS

Z.

Hector stretches out his hands

at the

to take his

son; but the

boy, in fright

waving helmet-plume, shrinks back

maid.
it

upon

into the bosom of the Then the father, having taken off the helmet and placed the ground, kisses and tosses his boy, and, with a prayer

may be a mighty warrior and a word of comfort for Andromache, departs.

that his son

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6 7rdl<i 7T/30? koXttov ev^covoio ri6?]vr}<;

i/c\iv6r]

Idywv, rrarpbs cpiXov oifnv drvydefc,

Xocpov iiririoyairriv,
470
/eopvdos vevovra voijcras.
ical

Tapfirjcras ^aX/cov re IBe

Beivov air* atcpoTuTT}?

e'/c

B'

ijdXaacre rrarrjp re cplXos

rrbrvia pr/rrjp.

avr'iK

dirb Kparbs tcopvO* eXXero cpaiBipos "Efcrcop,

eirl

Kal rrjv p,ev KaredrjKev

yBovl irapcpavowcrav'
revere 7rfjXe

avrdp
elirev

o 7' bv cpiXov

vlbv eirel
t'

re yepaiv,
475

eVeufu/Aet'o?

Ait

aXXoicriv re deolcri'
Br]

Zev aXXoi
7raiS' epov,
<u5e /3ir)v

re 0eol, Bore

Kal rovBe yeveadai

a>?

Kal eyd)

"irep,

dpnrpeTrea Tpweacriv,
Icpt

dyaOov Kal 'iXlov

eliroi,
'

clvdacreiw

Kal Trore Tt?

irarpo<i 7' 6Be ttoXXov

dpeivwv'
480

K iroXepbov dviovra' (pepot 8' evapa fiporbevra

Krelvas Brjiov dvBpa, yape'ir) Be <f>peva
p,7]rrjp.

"Us
TraiB'

eliTu>v

dXoyoLO
B'

(plXrjs ev

yepalv edrjKe
Be^aro koXttco

eov
tg

f)

cipa pbiv KrjcoBei

B'

BaKpvoev yeXdcracra' iroats

eXerjcre vorjeras,

X et pt

pw

Karepe^ev
pur]

e'77-09

t' ecpar' ck t' ovopa^e' 4S5

Aatpovii],

p,ol rt Xltjv

aKayji^eo 6vp<2'

ov >ydp rt? p? VTrep alcrav dvr)p "AiBb rrpold^ei'

uoipav

B'

ov

nvd

cprjpv 7re<pvyp,ei>ov

ep,p,evai

dvBp&v

IAIAA02
ou Kcucov, ov8e
fiev icrOXov,
eTrrjp

Z.

155

a\\'
epyop

ei? oIkov

lovaa rd

<r'

avrijq

ra irpSiTa yeprjTat. epya Ko/xi^e, 490

p,e\ijaet

larov T

I'jXaKciTTjv re,

/cat

ap,(pnro\oi<Ti /ceXeve

i-noiyeaQai'
ip.ol

7ro\e/xo9 8'

dvhpeaai

ttclctlv,

8e fidXcaTa, toI 'I\/&> iyyeyda&ip.

(f>(i)vr]cra<;

'12^

apa

KopvO^ eiXero

(paiBifios

"

EtcTajp
495

a\o%os 8k <pi\r) ol/copSe /3e/3?;ei ivrpoTraXi^o p,svr), daXepop /card 8dicpv ytovaa.
iinrovpiv
8'

al\fra

eTreiO'

'itcave

86p.ovs ev vaierdovra<i

"E/cropos dpBpocpopoto, Kiyfjaaro S' ev8odi 7ro\Xa?

dp.<pnr6Xovs, rfjcriv 8e yoop Traarjaiv ivcopcrev.

al p.ev ov ydp

en
p,iv

cooi>

yoop "E/cropa

a>

ivl oXkco'
i/c

500

er' e<pavro virorpoTrop

ical

iroXep.oLo

X^eaOat 7rpo<f>uy6vTa /xeVo9

%elpa<; 'A^aiayp.

Pan's,

city -wall.

who had splendidly equipped himself overtakes Hector at the He excuses his delay, and the brothers proceed together
,

toward the scene of

conflict.

OvSe IIdpi<; Btjduvev iv v-tyrfXoZo~t, Bo/noicrtv, aXX' y\ eVei /cariSv tcXvrd rev^ea, ttolkiXo, yctX/cat, aevar' eTreir' dva aarv iroal icpanrvolai 7rTroi0d)<;. 505
to?

8' ore

Tt<?

(rrarb<i

'Ciriro<i,

atco<TTi]cra<;

eVl

tpdrvr),

8ecrp,6v d-TTopprj^as

Oety ire8loio icpoaivcov,

eutiOa)? Xovecrdai ivppeios iroTafiolo,

KuBtoiov
tofiois

vyjrou 8e Kapr]

e%et,

dfi<pl

8e ycurai
510

dicraovTac

8'

dyXa'irjcpi Tre7roi0(o<;,

pip.<pa e

yovva

(pepei p,erd t' rjOea

koX pop,6p Xttttcov

aKprj^,

f/o? IIpui/xoio Ildpis

Kara Hepydp,ov
(pepop, al-tya

rev^etTL 7rafi(pat,va>v cu? t' rfXeKTwp,

i/3e/3rj/cet

Kay^aXocop, ra^ie<; 8e

7r68e<;

8'

eTreira

156

IAIAAOS

Z.

"Eicropa hlov ererp,ev dhe\<pe6v, evr' ap' e/ieXXe

(TTpe-^recrd'

515

Ik yoapi)^, 66 l

fj

odpi^e yvvai/cL

tov Trporepos 7rpoaeec7Tv 'AXegavSpos OeoeiSrjs'

,

Hdet\

rj

piaXa

hrj

ere

ical

iaavpevov
a><?

tcarepvicG)

Srjdvvcov, ovS' rfkdov

ivaicnp.ov,

e/ee'Xeue?.

Tov

8' arrapLei(36p.evo<; 7rpoai<prj icopvOaiokos'''E/ercop' 520

et'77,

8aip,6vc\ oiiK av rfc rot dvijp, 05 evaio~Lpo<i

epyov drifujaeie

payi)*;,

eirel

a\/cipo<;

icrac
to
S' ifibv /cr)p

dXka
7T/30?

etcaiv pbediei<;

re

/cat

ov/c i6i\ei<i'

a^vvrai iv 6vp,&, 66' virep

TpdxOV, ot
ej^OVCTL

credev aio-%e' clkovco

0~lO.

7To\vV TTOVOV LVKa

525

aW'
Bcorj

topev ra

$' o-rnaOev apeo~o-6p,e6\

at

ice

iroOi

Zevs

iirovpaviOLat, deols alecyevirrjai

KprjTrjpa arrjo-aadai iXevdepov iv pLeyapoi&iv,

i/c

Tpoi7)$ iXdcravras ii)/cvi]pu8a<; 'A^cuovs.

LIST OF

BOOKS OF REFERENCE ON HOMER AND

THE
Autenrieth's

ILIAD.

Homeric Dictionary Matthew Arnold, " On translating Homer,"

in Criticism

4th edition, Harpers: N. Y. 1SS1.

in

Essays
Ticknor & Fields Boston, 1865 (J. R. Osgood & Co.).
:

0/ the Homeric Poems, translated by L. R. Packard H. N. Coleridge, Introduction to the Study of the Greek Classic Poets Gladstone, Primer on Homer
Bonitz, Origin

Harpers
Jas.

New

York, 1SS0.
1S42.

Munroe

D. Appleton

& Co.: Boston, & Co N. Y. or

, , : :

Mac-

millan & Co. London, 1876. Mundi Macmillan & Co. London, 1S69. R. C. Jebb, Primer 0/ Greek Literature Idem, 1877. Mahaffy. History 0/ Greek Literature, vol. I. . Harpers New York, 1SS0. Grote's History 0/ Greece, chaps, xv, XX., xxi. Harpers New York, 1856. Monro's Homeric Grammar Macmillan & Co. London, iSSi. Murray's Mythology Scribner New York, 1S76. Seemann's Mythology, translated by Bianchi . . . Harpers New York, 1876. Article " Homer," 111 Smith's Classical Dictionary. Article " Homer," by D. B. Monro, in Encyclopaedia Britannica Ninth edition.

Gladstone, Juvenilis

....
. . .

Of poetical translations may be named those of: George Chapman, 557~ I 634; Alexander Pope, 16S8-1744; Edward, Earl of Ueiby, 17991869; William Cullen Bryant, 1794-1S7S. Among recent editions of Homer published in England the following

may be mentioned:
Bell

F. A. Paley's school edition of Iliad I-XII, George London, 1879 D. B. Monro's Iliad, Book I Pratt and Leaf's Story of Achilles. The last two were published by Macmillan & Co. London, 1S78 and 1SS0. To these maybe added Dindorf's edition in two volumes of the Scholia of the Codex Venetus (see Introduction, vii), Clarendon Press Series London, 1875. For those who read German the following are added Ebeling's Lexicon Homericum (a very- elaborate work, begun in 187 1, and now approaching completion) and Seiler's Warterbmk der Homerischen GedichU (a very valuable book) Naegelsbach's Commentary on Iliad I III and the ediThe best tions with notes of La Roche, Ameis-Hentze. Koch, and Faesi.

&

Sons

'>

Bekker (1S43), La Roche (1S73), Nauck (1S77). Those who have the opportunity are earnestly advised to visit the Astor Library in New York, and to request the privilege of seeing the Edilio Princeps, or first printed edition of the Iliad, which appeared in Florence in 14S8. Its editor was a learned Greek, Demetrius Chalcondylas (lit. Bronze-Pen '), who came to Italy about the time of the fall of Constantinople. This splendid edition, published in two volumes
text editions are those of
'

folio, is

not only a fine specimen of an ancient book, but gives one an

excellent idea of the forms of the

Greek

letters

employed

in the best

manuscripts of the

Iliad.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.

In the following pages, Attic forms are indicated by being enclosed in they will be understood as being, in most cases, the equivalents of the Homeric forms which immediately precede them. Reference is uniformly made to the different books of the Iliad by the capital letters of the Greek alphabet. Thus A 5 signifies Iliad, Book I.
square brackets
;

verse

5.

The

following are the most important abbreviations

ace. signifies accusative.

; : ;

NOTES.
BOOK
"A\(f)a, \iras

FIRST.

Xpvaov,

\oifiov (rrparov, e^#o? dvdfcrcov. 1

army's plague ; the
strife

Alpha
1.

the prayer of Chryses sings ; the

of kings.

8d

'goddess,' the Muse,

not, however, addressed

She
song.
is

by name, nor

known

to the poet as one of nine sisters.

gift of

the daughter of Zeus

and can bestow and take away the

For an invocation of the

I.

Muse

in English, see Milton's

:

Paradise Lost,

Book

v.

n^X-n'taScw

Essay on Scanning, 4) pronounce -Sea; as one syllable, as if dyo. If we compare the two patronymics nTjATjiaSijs and nTjAetSrjs, we distinguish two forms of the stem of rirj\(vs, n?jA.7j- and nrjAe-, to which there have been added respectively the
[nrjAt/Soi/]

the

first

example of synizesis

(see

endings
its

-ia5r)s

and

-iStjs

'AxiAr)os

the loss of one A leaves the

-eo>s

with

natural short quantity.

The

substitution of

for

-f;or

[\y for

w)
The we

is

an example of metathesis quantitatis, or transposition of quantity.

Attic form of the gen. ['Ax<AAe'a>T] could not close a hexameter, for

should have \j
2.

\j instead
:

of

v^y

\j.
S\\v/j.t.

ovXofwvTjv \oKop.ivi\v\
is

2 aor.

midd. ptc. from

The

2 sing,

opt. 6\oio

a form of imprecation,

'may you perish'

is

(cf Lat. pereas)

act. signi-

and the change of meaning in the ptc. fication from 'cursed to bringing a
' ' ;

from the pass, to an

'

curse,'
I.

destructive.'
F'
;

Cf. Milton's

'mortal

taste,'
;

Paradise Lost,

Book
:

v.

V P^' (observe accent,

numberless G. 77, 2, n. 3 II. 257, ad finem) 3tjk as a definite numeral in signif. 10,000
'

it is
lit.
'

not used in Horn.

set,'
/'.

e. 'caused,' prose the final vowel would not be elided, but would be contracted with the preceding.
:

'

made.'

&A-y' [0A77)]

in

3.

l4>(Knovs: treated here as

we

find the fern,

form l(pei^.

the sound of final

an adj. of two endings though in E 415 Perhaps the poet avoids the monotony in syllables which would be caused by lp6lfias "A'ioi

1 The hexameter lines prefixed to the notes on each book, and giving in a form easy to remember the subject of A, B, r, A, E, Z, are found in the Commentaries on Homer by

Eustathius, Bishop of Thessalonica (see Introduction. V.); they are ascribed to Stenhanus Grammaticus, a grammarian of Alexandria. The translations of the same are by George Chapman (1 557-1634'), the earliest English translator of Homer.

l6o
1

NOTES.

to Hades,'

the
idirrw

person, not the place,

if

heteroclite dat. as
'A'iStjs
lair-,

from nom.
["AtSrjs,
iac-,

"Ats.

and 'AiSuuevs

adrjs]
iacio.

stem of
avroiis

is meant. The form "Ai'Si is a Horn, uses the nominative forms, irpota\j/v 'hurled forward to.'
:

stem of
;

Hence

irpaitwtyei/

corresponds etv-

mologically to proiecit.
4.
: '

themselves

phantom
first

tyvxh,

the real man to Horn, was the body, not the which escaped through the mouth at death. avr6s in
'

Horn, with very rare exceptions

instance of apparent hiatus.

is

always intensive

6e

cXwpia
is

the

G.

8,

H. 67

a.

i\dpia

really

tv\ [erevxe] the first instance of omitted augment, see Fe\dpta Kvveo-o-iv [kv<t'iv\. Sketch of Dialect, 4 in Attic we should hardly find re used thus alone, but rather 5. T ireuri used in colloquial sense, all there were,' 'all that chose to Kai
: : '

come.'

8' IreXtiero [8'

ircKetTo]
is

the relation of thought between this

clause and the preceding

Instead of

8e,

we should perhaps have had

conjunction yap.

such that irtkelero gives the reason for reSx*. in prose the subordinative series of clauses connected by co-ordinate conjunchypotaxis, on the other hand,
is

tions forms parataxis

is

the subordination

of dependent to principal clauses which

characteristic of sentences hav-

In an early stage of a language, as in the laning a periodic structure. guage of children, we find a great deal of parataxis as the language
;

becomes more developed, hypotaxis

is

more common, and sentences beinstances of parataxis in Horn.

'

come complex.
6. I

We
:

shall notice

many

o5

8^j

'

from the very time when

\cf.

Lat. ex quo)

to

irpwro.
81a-

Horn, also uses rb irpwrov and irpurov, the usual Attic forms
o-Hjtijv
larrifxi
'
:

parted.'

An

idea of motion

is

very

commonly

associated with

in

Greek, though generally derived from the context rather than

itself.
-1877s,

belonging to the verb

7.

'ArpetSns

for explanation of patronymic suffix

see G. 129,

c,

H. 466

&va|

Fava% (see on
I

v. 4).
<tvv(t)/xi\
:

8.

fyu8i ^vve'TjKt [(TWTJKe,

aor.

from
inf.

'

brought together
G. 265, H. 765.
:

in

strife,'

commisit ; phrase opposite in form, but identical in sense with

81a-

o-i-fiTW ipl<ravTe, v.
9.
first

|xd\o-0ai
:

of purpose.

Aivrovs Kal Aibs vlos

example of the
usual.
602,
1.

Homer
N.
1,

6 -yap the Apollo is meant (<-/! v. 36) pronominal use; restricted in Attic, in G. 140, H. 524. Pao-iXtyi: for construction, G. 186,
article in its

H.

10.

vovtov

[V^o-op]
S>pcrt

'pestilence.'

6\'kovto \&\\vvto]

of tense from

to o\4kovto should be noticed.

The change Thereby the latter

:

verb

is

made

to indicate the result, gradually accomplished, of the action

of the former.

Thus

lit.

we should
; '

translate

'

let
'

loose a pestilence

and the people were perishing

lence, so that the people

but the meaning

is,

he

let

loose a pesti-

were perishing.'
v.
5).

In short,

we have another

example of parataxis

(cf.

ILIAD
11.

I.

l6l
'

that Chryses f|Tt|ia(rtv rbv Xpvotjv [4k(?vov rhv Xpvarjv] and aTindfa both occur in Horn.; the first gives aor. ^ri'^ffe. dpT]TT|pa the first example of a spondaic verse. Such verses, which occur 20, generally end in a four-syllabled in Horn, about in the proportion of i word which just fills out the last two feet of the verse. Cf. vv. 14, 21, 74
'
:

dn/iaco

see also Essay on Scanning,

12. 13.
vfjas [voCr]
:

1.

orig. vrjFas, Lat. naves.

Xv<ro(ivos

indirect mid.

'

release for oneself,'

'

ransom.'
dircpeto-t

Cf, for
'

signif. in act. voice,

\vaai and \v<r, in vv. 20 and 29

[Sirei-

pos\

lit.

'endless.'
:

14.

<TTp.|Mvr'

first

example of that use of

pi. for sing,

which should

usually be noticed in translation, but sometimes has no other reason than

metrical convenience.

The word
15.

designates

of the priest.
xpvo-t'tp
1),

Cf. v. 2S, where trrffi/xa precisely equals <rTffip.ara. bands of wool,' ordinarily bound about the head See Horn. Diet.
'

8e, v.

Here we not only have synizesis (see on TIi)At)i<L[xp v <r v]but the two syllables thus pronounced as one are reckoned one
fillets

short syllable (see Essay on Scanning, 5, 5). The in this case carried suspended at the end of the

of the

god were

staff,

or perh.

wound

around
16.
17.

it,

to

mark
:

the priest

who came

as suppliant as under Apollo's

protection.

'ATpttSa

ace. dual.
:

VKVT||iiSes

this resolution of the diphthong, in

compds. of d,

'well,' regularly occurs

when

the last vowel of the diphthong is brought

before such combinations of letters as

make

it

long by position.
Kvrjfj.ls),

The

greaves, which were usually of bronze (see Horn. Diet.

were often
final -ot

elaborately ornamented, and formed a conspicuous part of the armor.

18.
is

6o

pronounce bv synizesis as one syllable

in its influence

for

though

reckoned short
8otv

upon the accent

of preceding syllables,

and hence cannot stand as the last syllable of a G. 251, H. 721, 1. The thought is if you release my daughter, my prayer shall be that the gods may grant, etc., parataxis. but the idea is expressed by two co-ordinate sentences, irrfXiv: for quantity of final syllable, see Essay on Scanning, 19.
it is

yet long in quantity,

:

dactyl

opt. of desire.

5- 4-

20.

4Xr]v:

often used in Horn, where

we unexpressive people should

and 8^x <r^ ai are examples of
to.

use only a possessive pron., 'mv.'

the infin. used as imv.

Xv<rai

G. 269, H. 784

fi^oiva

lit.

'this ran-

som.'
21.
a^d|ivoi
inf.
:

the ptc. agreeing with the subj. of an

finite verb.

inf.

stands in nom.

because the
22.

takes the place of a

inf.

So, in Latin

we

reg. find

the nom. as subj. of the hist.

lir-v4>T||iTi<rav
:

fixprjutai,
ill

cf.
i.e.

Lat. favere Unguis,

'abstain from words of

omen,'

'be

silent.'

later means Here the meaning is

62

NOTES.
to
his

more positive: 'shouted assent

prayer

(ivl),

bidding him

to.'

The
of

follg. infs. are

explanatory (epexegetical) of
Se'xGai [8ea<rdai]
":

4irev$ri/xi)aav.

23.

Upfja

[jepe'o]

2 aor. inf.,

consisting simply

stem and ending, for Sex -0""

24.
25.

G. 16,

4,

H.

54.

6vjiu

local dat.
.
. .

'

in his soul.'
:

Kpa,Tpbv

2tXXv

'

G. 190, H. 612. was laying a hard (stern) charge upon him.'

first

In the separation of eVi and ereWcv, we have our

(t/j.tj(tis
'

instance of tmesis

from t4/xvw, lit. cutting'), by which is understood the separation, All prepositions were in a compound, of the preposition from the verb. In their next stage they blend in meaning with certain originally adverbs. verbs, forming with them a new compound idea, though often written separately Last, the elements thus blended are unithis is called tmesis. formly written as a compound verb. In the Homeric language we observe all three stages, between which tmesis occupies a middle or transition place. It is often difficult to decide whether a preposition is adverbial or whether it is separated from a verb by tmesis. If we have a compound, it must differ in meaning from simple verb -J- preposition. Here iiri and tTfWev preserve the meaning of the compound fTrirtWeiv 'enjoin.' 26. Ki\i(j>: not 2 aor. subj. from pres. kixmo, for that would be /ci'x<>This form /cixetto supposes a stem /cx e "> lengthened to /cix-, and must be regarded as a subj. pres. from assumed pres. kj'xwFrom the stem kix*- we have the forms ipf. 6kixt?m 6,/ subj. Kixfa>, opt. KixtLy, inf. kixvvat, ptc. KtxeisFor subj., see G. 253, H. 720 b. 8t)8vvovto. for elision, see Sketch of Dialect, 4. aS-ris: 27.
;
:

>

'

again.'

28.

xP^^F-U
:

aor

subj. of a defective verb fxP a "rlJ-*[<toi\

:

F r
b.

subj.,

see G. 218, H. 739

toi

for dat., see G. 184,

irpCv 29. adv., not conj., 'sooner shall her,' etc. Notice here again the tendency to use short co-ordinate sentences (parataxis), instead of combining several of them into a period p-iv [avT-fiv]

H. 595 old age come upon

2,

this enclitic pron. of

3d sing,
in a

may

stand for

all

genders.

30.

"Ap-ye'i:

used

was so important
rpas or warpCSos]
31.
:

a city

broad sense for 'Peloponnesus,' of which it svl FoUu apparent hiatus wa/rpTjs [w<:

The frame

instead of
in front of

thrown
again,'
'

H. 589. loom was upright (iVto'j, from "a-rri/xi) horizontal, as in hand-looms of our day, and the weaver stood it, stepping alternately to the right and left as the shuttle was tti in tK-ot^eTQai implies repetition 'going to over and over
2,

for gen., G. 182,

of the Horn,

plying.'

dv-riowxav

'approaching,' assimilated form, from

&>,

avTiiovtrav.

The

ov passes into

to

which the o
\&v\
2,

is

assimilated.

See

Sketch of Dialect, 18, 1. 32. &s k v?]cu [us av vey]

conjunction in
33.
final clauses.
'

zee

is

occasionally joined to the

G. 216, N.
:

&3 &p aT

[o : jto>s eij]

when

>s

H. 741. means 'thus,'

it is

always oxytone

ILIAD
except in the phrases *a\ ws,
oi>S
'

I.

163
:

us.
is

*8io-ev

the aug.

is

here properly

used as long, because account

taken of a letter of the stem, rememis 8F1-,

bered though unwritten.

stem, iSFettrtv.
34.
irapd, Giva
its
:

That stem

and the

aor.,

with lengthened suggests by

'

along the shore.'

iro\vtpXo<r3oio

its

sound
35.

meaning.
: '

Such words are

.

called onomatopoetic.

&ir&v)9e

far away,' aw6, &vtv,

. .

iroXXa (cogn. ace.)

sing,

fy>a6' [f/paro]

and the suffix -Oev or -de 'was praying earnestly,' ipf. 3d

r6v
[ou]

36.

from apdofiai. &vaKTi for

:

case, G. 184,

2,

H. 595 b

the

first

instance

Aip-w mother of Apollo and ArteSee v. 9. mis, whom she brought forth on the island Delos. Chryse and Killa were unimportant towns in |uv [fiov] Xpv<rny 37. the Troad. The term Troad (tj Tpaids, sc. %upa. or -yi}) designates the region

where the
'

article

fills

the place of the relative.

G. 140, H. 243

Leto,' Lat. Latona, greatly revered as the

about Troy

dfKptBeSTiKas

'
:

protectest,'

lit.

'

standest about.'
fallen

The

figure

may be

of a warrior standing over

in
:

and defending a
Horn, denote a
for gen.,

Notice that most of the perfects

translated as
topi
:

state,

companion. and are to be

presents

TmSoio
suffix -<pt is

'mightily.'

The

G. 171, 3, H. 581 a properly an instrumental suffix, and has

suffix

its

original force here.

The same

appears

in

Latin in

tibi, sibi,

and

mihi.
39.
2;j.iv0eO

'Sminthian;' this word probably means 'destroyer of

toi
[crot]

field-mice' (o>tiy0os), which infested fields of grain

X a P^
:

cvTa

pred. adj. with vr)6v \veuv],

eirl
.

may be

translated by adv. expression,

'for thy pleasure.'

over,'
i.e.

pi|/a

(unaug. aor. from lpt<pu)

'roofed

'built.'

40.

KaTot

?icr|a

[icaTtKavffd]

'

consumed

utterly,'

lit.

'

burned

down.'

The form
3.

*7ja is

produced from the stem ko-

(k<xv

or naF) by

lengthening the stem-vowel, after the analogy of liquid verbs.

of Dialect, 20, 41.
^j8()
:

See Sketch

orig. correlative of rj^ueV,

:

but often used alone,

is Kpaialvov,

ko.1

Kp-^nvov eeXStop [itpavov t^iv eux^"]

Horn. pies,

strengthened

form of Attic Kpaivu.

42.
rta-tiav. distinguish
r,

ria>,

'honor,' from rluu, 'punish.'

For

subj.,

G. 251,
43.

H.
:

721,

Ps'Xexo-iv: dat. of
2,

means

or instrument.

tov

for gen., G. 171,

:

H. 576.
3,

44

ko,t'

for loss of accent with elided vowel, G. 24,

:

H. 100

Ou\vp.irou> ['OKvpirov]

'

Olympus

'

in

Thessaly, the
in

home
;

of the gods,

more than 9,000

pose the

ft.

high,

its

summits clad

perpetual snow.
to

Some

sup-

little less

lofty Bithynian

Olympus

be meant
:

this

would be

much nearer
[KopSioi/]
:

Kara Kapr)vv the Trojan plain. where were the palaces of the gods Ki"ip (only
the ace. of specification
is

in

'down from summit,' nom. and ace sing.)

especially frequent with verbs denot-

ing emotion.

164
45.

NOTES.
JljAOuriv [(tt\ ro?s diyttou], see

on

Ov/tcp, v.

24

au.<J>r|p<ed
:

tc <paps-

Tprjv [koI afipTjpecpri cpaperpav].

a/xipripecpta (a/x^i, icpitpm)

'

closed at both

ends.'

Notice that the naturally short

arsis of the foot.

This liberty

is

final o is here used as long in the taken especially in words ending in three

short syllables.
46.
gtcXa-ygav
:

the full stem K\ayy- shows itself in the aor., though

&p (Spa) inferential iv. b, H. 328 b. n. meaning of which must often be felt rather than expressed. Here we might give its force with Se thus and then it was that,' or 'and you may be sure.' 47. avroO Kivn9e'vTos ' as the god himself moved.' avrov stands in
not in the pres. K\dfa, G. 108,
particle, the
'
: :

'

contrast to oiarroi

V\'it

[jjei]

vvktI oikc&s

'

like the night,'

i.e.

silent

and awful
48.
|XTa
. .

for case of vvktI, G. 186,

:

&ir<ivv9
.

?tjkv

H. 603. governs gen. vwv, though used absolutely in v. 35 'let fly into the midst; perd is adv. (see on v. 25), and
'

we have no
49.

tmesis.
:

Distinguish:
:

lov, 'violet;'

Us, 'arrow;'

Xos,

'one.'

8eivT|

attributive
'

'

a dreadful twang began from the silver bow.'

'

Distinguish fiios, life,' and $Us, bow.' The armor and ornaments of the gods are generally represented as of gold Apollo, as god of light (*o?/3os,
;

There is an evident onomatopoeia in this verse. Among many examples of onomatopoeia in Lat. and Engl, the following may be given Monstrum horrendum informe cui lumen adempv. 43)

bears the silver (white) bow.

tion, Vergil's

Aeneid,

III, v.

658 (from the description of Cyclops), and

the lines from Tennyson's Princess,

'

The moan

of doves in

immemorial elms, and murmur

:

of

innumerable bees.'
in de-

50.

ovpfjas [6pas]
tipos,
'

'

mules

'

the

word

is

perhaps connected

rivation with

mountain,' mules being specially adapted to service in

mountain roads; for case of

'assailed;'
&PY<>ii$
1.
:

oiiprjas, G. 158, N. 2, H. 544 d. itr-ta-^tTo has the same force as in v. 31, 'one after another.' the radical idea of the word is bright.' Hence the two signifs.,
4irl
' ; '

'white

2.

(as here) 'fleet,' 'quick,' because

quick motions produce a

:

dazzling effect like that of white color

currdp

expresses a slighter

opposition than a\\d, but

51.
syllable,
p'\os

is
:

(o-)^ireuK^s

more strongly adversative than 5e. example of the lengthening of a final short
forgotten,
t<p-(r)fii.
4<f>tcCs
:

on account though it had ceased

52.

of original initial consonant not wholly to be written.

:

pres. ptc.
:

from

PaW

[e/3aAA.e]

'

was smiting.'
'

vekvcov

gen. of material

0au.ei.al: adj.,

best translated as adv.,

:

thickly' (see

on

v. 39).

avd orpaTov wxto 'sped (up and down) through the encampment.' Notice in this and the follg. verse three cases of the omission of the article. H. 530 b. ttj SeKcrrT] 54. the word for day in Horn, is always ?ifiap (cf. adv. ivvrjfiap, v. 51); but this fern, form of the adj. suggests that the form koXkto-oto [^(caAeo-aro]. yfiepa was not unknown to the poet.
53.
:

ILIAD
55.
Tcp

I.

165
:

Y^p

tori 4>p(rl 6fJK

is

[ra7s <pptff\v abrov tirtOriKtv]

'

put into

his heart.'

(ppstrl

dat. after compel,

verb;

t<

is

dat. of obj. remotely

affected.

G. 184,

3,

H. 596.
v. 46.

56.
4

pd: see on
'

The

force of particle

may

here be given by:

will

you know,' or you

see.'
;

Those acquainted with German

e.g.

be reminded

of fa joined to the verb

Denn

sie

sah

sie ja sterbend.

opdro [iuparo

or idpa]

middle voice used without appreciable difference of meaning

from the
57.

active.
:

8' ^irfl oflv

'and so when.'
This
is

In tfytpdev
:
'

peej

we

see the stem of ayeipu (ayep-) repeated

[i]yepOri(rav] and <5/a.7j-yehad assembled and were

gathered together.'
sion.
'

an example of Homeric fulness of expresin the

We

see the
'

same thing

Hebrew poetry,
H. 601
dp-pc
;

in

what are called the

'

Parallelisms
5S.

of the Psalms.
for case, G. 184, 3, N. 2,
for) them.'

touti

translate

rose up and

spoke among (and

59.

vvv:

i.e.

'as things

now

are.'
:

lw]

Aeolic form

ira\i|nrXaYX0Vras
60.
ct

(*&*-iv, tr\d(w)

'baffled,'

lit.

'driven back.'

Ke(v)

as ks(j')
Ijv.

= the particle &v,

According

ft e,

idv (which

is

never

found

in

Horn.) and
;

to Attic

usage this conj. should be

ft kc is
;

followed by subj.

but we shall find

many instances where

followed

by the opt. to express a bold supposition, possible but unlikely

sizes the contingency.

empha-

61.
lied, is

el 8tj

'

if

really

'

8^j,

like Lat. tarn, to

'

properly a temporal particle, and means

all its uses,

which it is perhaps alnow; and this meaning

'

underlies

even where
'

it is

introduced to give dramatic vivid:

ness to a statement or narrative

62.
iptCoptv (from ipew,
tative subj., G. 253,

8a;xa
')

fut, not pres. indie.

ipwfxev [epwru/xa/]
: :

inquire of

for hor-

H. 720 a

not devoted, like the priest, to

ndvns (ixaivo/xai) some one deity

; : '

'seer,'

'prophet;'
'sacrificial

Upevs

priest' (hence hptvu, 'offer sacrifice,' 'slay')

he learns the will of the

gods by
64.

sacrifice

ovcipoiroXos
lfiro<]
:

reader of dreams.'
2,

k' tfrroi |&e

potential opt. G- 226,

in

b,

H.

722.

8 ti

the indir. interrogative

1,

is

H.
65.

248.

The. direct

employed question was:

reg.

dependent questions.
ix^"TaT0
'

G. 87,
:

ri

xo-oto

from

Xt&o/xai.

tvxwXrjs [eux'is]

for gen., G. 173,

fault for a

vow

(unfulfilled) or a

I, H. 577 a.; translate: 'finds hecatomb (not offered).' For deriv. and

meaning
66.
fat.'

of ot^/9t;, see Horn. Diet.

Kvfo-o-Tjs: for gen.,

G. 171,

1,

H. 574;

'savor,' 'smell of burning

Upon

this,

as

it

rose to heaven, the gods were

supposed to be

nourished.
67.
fJoviXeTai [PovArirai]
';
:

translate with at Kev,

'

on the chance that he

may wish
question.

some translate, 'whether he may wish,' and regard as an indirect Goodwin MT. 53, n. 2, says that an apodosis, e.g. 'that so we

166
may learn,' is
is that,

NOTES.
to be supplied.

L. R. Packard suggests that epeiofiev

is

really

the apodosis, and that the difference between this and ordinary conditions

whereas usually the verb of the protasis precedes the verb of the
only in thought, not in time.
of, in this case,

apodosis in time as well as in thought, here (and in similar cases), the priority
is

Willingness to relieve

is

evidently

thought

as subsequent to the ipeiofiev; hence Professor

kziybv dpvvai \rhv Aoiybv knafivvai

Packard suggests the name posterior condition for such cases *\\>-w diro dat. of advantage is commonly r)fiu>v~\ used after this verb in Horn, instead of the gen. of separation, which
:

would be quite
68.

natural.

8>s iiiritv

G. 184, 3, N. 3, H. 597. KOT'dp* to \ovtws or ravra ovv

'

tlir&iv
: '

eKade^ero].
;
'

69.

S\a

occurs only in the phrase ox

fyifros

far the best

it

thought to be for e|oxa

70. 8s

(ee'x, 'project'), 'eminently,' 'prominently,'

lies in

is

where, however, the idea of prominence

FrjSn. [jj'Sej]
;
:

the

e,

not in exa.
lit.

see on v. 51

irpo t() eovra:

'the things

that were beforehand

is

'

the article, expressed with the two preceding ptcs.,

omitted with the third.

77877.

All of these ptcs. denote time with reference to

that which was,' that which i.e. the present, was beforehand),' t-6-vr-a (for ia-6-vr-a) and i<r-<r-6-/ieva show the future, and the past the original elements of which they are composed more clearly than the

the secondary tense

Hence

translate,

'

'

was

to be,' 'that

which had been

(lit.

Attic forms ovra, eoSfieva.

71.
Wjr<r(i) [vavcrl]
: '
:

dat. of advantage, instead of gen. after a

i.e.

word
See

of ruling

acted as guide for the ships,'

showed them the way.

ager Trojanus,
'

on

v.

67, G. 184, 3,
tiirco

H. 597.
:

"IXiov

i.e.

precincts of

Ilium.'
tion.

[els]

freq.

used in Horn, as prep, with verbs of mo-

72.

Q\v

Sid [lav-roG-vvTiv

'

by means of

his prophetic art

; '

e.g.

at Aulis,
is

where Kalchas had directed the

fjv is

sacrifice of Iphigeneia.
is

Divination

the

special gift of Apollo, as the gift of song

that of the

Muse

(v. 1)

poss. adj., for which in Attic the article

would be a
rel.

sufficient substi-

tute.

G. 82, N.
8
cr<piv
:

2,

H. 238, R a
6
is

rf\v

yv:

pron.

73.

the article (with demonstrative force) which receives

crcpiv.

the accent on account of the enclitic

is

o-rpt(v)

a<pi<rl{v)

but as this

always reflexive in Attic, the unemphatic avro?s would be the prose

<r<pi(v).

equivalent of

Connect the

dat. with

ayop^aaro

ical

fiereenrev (see

on

v. 5S).

74.

KeXecu [iceAeueis]
(piXf

from pres.

xeKofiai

Si^iXe
a

often written as
;

two words, Ait

v.

(ivO^o-ao-Sai

closes

spondaic verse

see on

11.

75.

\if\viv

deep, persistent wrath, as in

v.

compare with x<^

if

" ;,n d

kStov, vv. 81, 82

iKa,TT]-P\7ao [-# AtTov]

'/77/ix,

the

first

part of. the

compd.
an

is

derived from the root of

the rough breathing represents

orig. initial

consonant, and thus the lengthening of the last syllable of

"

ILIAD
the preceding

I.

167
suffi-

word

is

explained.

The

following caesura would also

5, 4.
:

ciently account for the lengthening.

See Essay on Scanning,

trvvdov,
6fio<rov\

76.

iyu>v, <rvv9(o,

6p.ocrcrov

[iyw,

irvvOco

'give

heed.'
77.

^ \Uv [^/tV]
;'
it

'

'verily.'

irpo<ppwv

the adj.

is

best translated as
o.pi\-

adv. 'heartily

agrees with the (omitted) subject of the infinitives

(ftv x*-<><r *tJifV

X
subj.
:

^***

"-

The

subj. of these infs.

would be nom. being

the

same as the
its

subj. of the verbs

of thinking, hoping, threatening,

on which they depend. After verbs and promising, the fut. inf. is usually

found, and

is

omitted when identical with that of the principal

verb
78.

jr<riv

dat. pi.

from
' :

frros.

I expect to enrage.' xk wo"H-' pation was correct is shown in vv. 101-108

6to|iai

That the
n'va.

seer's antici-

-iravTcov

'Apyctwv
a.

Kpa-r&i
79.
in the

'rules mightily over all the Argives,' G. 171,

:

3,

H. 581

Kal 01 [ko\ avr^] the transition from a rel. to a demonstr. pron., second of two parallel clauses, is common in both Greek and Latin.
ical

Perfect correspondence would have required

in the

second clause.

G. 156, H. 818,
80.

r. d.

8t x.wo'tTai [orai/

c^ <

"? Ta l
:

G. 207, 2

xlpTj'i:

assumed nom.

X*pfc, prob. derived from x*' P 'one who is in the hand of,' 'vassal.' From this stem x*P~ is formed the comp. x*P tiUV [x^P> v ]- In Horn, the heroes (fiaffiKrjts, Swytvtls) fill almost the entire stage ; the common
l

people are hardly mentioned.

Hesiod.
81.
ctircp
: :

The

farmer's hard lot

is

described by

In Attic

we must have had

least,'

tfvirep

with
'

follg. subj

X5Xov yt

'

his

anger at

as

opposed
' :

to
lit.

k6tos,
'

spite,'

'

grudge.'

KaTair^Irn,

(from

-ireVa-ai)

digest,'

boil down,'

stronger

abiding

than the English expression, 'swallow one's anger.'

82.

dXXd,

'

yet,'

introduces the apodosis

6<j>pa

T(ki<r<rr) [fitxpts

hv

re\t(TTi].

83.

<n-fj0to-<r,

totoi [to?s <rr^0e<n]

in v.

here the preposition

:

is

expressed,

which was omitted

24

4>pd<reu

in active voice, 'point out;' in

tl
<pr)ixi
:

midd. 'ponder' (point out for one's self) 84. tov [aurrfv] compds. of irp6s with
:

'whether.'

not the dat

dira|iipdp.vos

lit.

'

and tlirov govern the ace, making an exchange <eirt<n is to be

; '

understood, and thus comes the

85.
'

common

meaning, replying.'
'

Take courage, and speak

:

forth whatever divine

message thou
to

knowest.'
86.
dat.,
<5t

dat.

governed by

ptc.

eux<W

*>

'

by prayer

whom

'

for

G. 184, 2, H. 595 b. <5 rt seems not to differ sensibly in meaning from the simple relative the enclitic t4 is freq. thus added simply to give
;

greater weight to a
87.

word

or for metrical convenience.

Aavaoion

The
'

three

common Horn,
in vv.

designations of the Greeks,

'Achaians,' 'Argives,'

Danaans,' occur

79 and 87 in close proxim-

68
Gladstone sees
in 'Axcuol

NOTES.
a constant reference to the ruling class.

ity.

'Apye7oi,

he says,

is

applied only to the Greeks serving before Troy,

while Aavaoi refers to the Greeks as fighting men.

ful
;

cal

It is, however, doubtwhether these distinctions are observed and it is probable that metriconvenience has much influence in the choice of the appellative.
oiiTts
:

88.
N. 3,

referring, of course, to

Agamemnon

for accent, G. 28,

:

H. no jxv [eVtow] o)vtos Kal lirV x0ovos SepKOfwvoio 'while I live and have the gift of sight upon the earth.' eirl x^ ov ^ s SepKeadai is a phrase of equivalent meaning to rjv, so that we have another example of the Homeric fulness of expression, noticed in v. 57. live C/., in English, and breathe.' eir-olTti: fut. from iiri-<pepu. 89. koXt|s [ko/Aojs] 90. ov8 4]v 'A-yajjiejivova iVns not even if thou shalt say Agamemnon,' to whom Kalchas had referred in his hint in v. 78. The apodosis of i)t> elirris is tiroiffei, which may be repeated from the preceding
'

'

'

verse.
91.

iroXXov

[iroAii]

the Horn, dialect shows a nearly complete decl.

from each
decl.

of the stems iroKv-

and iroWo-

the Attic dialect has a mixed

eii^erai

See Sketch of Dialect, 13, 3 'boasts,' 'claims to be (and is).' The Horn, chiefs pretend no
both.
;

made up from

false

mod-

esty

but neither does the word imply arrogance.

position

It

simply asserts Aga-

memnon's conceded
Hence,
96.

among
2.
'

the Achaians.
is
'

The

orig.

meaning

of e$xoncu, according to a plausible etymology,

speak

in a loud voice.'

1.

'

pray
'

'

(aloud)
it

boast.'

'And then

was

that the faultless seer took courage (aor.),

d.p.ti|iiov

and

was speaking (ipf.) from w to v, seen also

words,
is

(o pri v.

and

fiwfios,

'

stain

')

the change

in avwvvfxos (a priv.

and ivo^a) and a few other

;

characteristic of the Aeolic dialect

lit.

'

faultless,'

externals,

but only of

e.g.

of lineage or of personal appearance.

93
94.

= 65.
With
'ivtK

dpnTTjpos

sc.

iirifi.4fi<piTat

the simple gen. of cause

might perhaps have been used, as in

95.

v. 93.

Notice the transition from a relative, and hence subordinate, to an

independent sentence.

We

might have had

'

and whose daughter he

did not release and whose ransom he did not receive,' or ptcs. might have

been used,
97.

ovk airo\vaas
:

Kal ovk airoSela/xecos.

irpv in this verse is

an adv.

in the follg. verse

.
.

it

is

a conj.
.

We
.
.

find similarly used, in Attic Greek, Trp6repov

itpiv
diruxrei.

irplv

and irp6a9ev
inf. is

fut.

from

air-aiOew.
:

98.

airb

8o|icvai [airodovvai]
4>i\a>
is
:

the subj. of this

v.

suggested

by

Aavaolcriu, in v. 97

see on

20

cXucwiriSa ko vpnv [K6pr\v,

H.
'

125,

Exc. d]
'

the adj.

diversely explained as 'round-eyed' and

bright-' or

gleaming-eyed.'
:

99.

airpidrnv

adverbial

'

without purchase,'

i.e.

without paying the


ILIAD
price exacted by
I.

169
:

Agamemnon
&7iv
:

dvdiroivov

also adverbial
(v.

'

without a

ransom,'

i.e.

without handing over the aTcpelffi' &iroiva

the appropriate

20) voluntarily
'

offered by her father

word
(ifv

for

conducting

'

hecatomb of
100.
\uv:

living creatures.
:

Xpvo-rjv

already mentioned,
*c
;

v.
is

37

[avrSv]

irnri0oi-

potential opt. with

the form

redupl. 2 aor., of which there

fiyayov, elirov, ijvtyitov

are

many examples
101
103.

in

Horn., but only three

15, 2.

in Attic.

See Sketch of Dialect,

|uvos
[/ueVoui]

= 68.
. . .

(l)ir|iir\avT(o)

'

his

diaphragm, dark on
or mid-

both sides, was swelling mightily with

riff,

fury.'

The diaphragm,

a large muscle in the center of the body, was regarded by the

joy, fear, rage, love. The Greeks as the seat of the various feelings, same may be said of the word 'heart in English. The adj. a/j.<pin4\aivai, 'black on both sides,' seems to be appropriate to <ppeves in its literal sense The (pptvts as in the center of the body, and charged with venous blood.
'

can be said to be

filled

with

/xeueos,

'

fury,'
: '

only in their derived meaning.

his

The phrase may

104.
ol [ayT<]
6<T(rt
: :

be

translated freely

gloomy heart was

: '

filling

mightily with rage.'

defective noun, used only in dual
limiting
his

two

eyes.'

dat.

the verb, instead

\ap,irT6wvTi
:

of gen.
v.

limiting the

noun.

G. 184,

3,

N. 4,

H. 597

see on

31

&kttiv

2 plupf.

from
it is

touta

and

really a redupl.

form
in

FiFiitTi)v,

so that the hiatus before

only apparent.
irpcoTKrra
koLk*

105.
all.'

[irpurov]

form a double superlative

(v.

'

first

of

= KO.K&:
3,

the accent, instead of disappearing with the elided

101)
is

vowel, as in case of prepositions

syllable.

retracted to the preceding

G. 24,
Kaicuv

H.

100.

The

ace. is cognate.

Translate kcik'

dcroSfie-

vos:

'

with ill-boding glance.'

:

106.
ctiras
:

ntr.

pi

rb Kp^yvov

lit. I

'that which

is

sound.'
the two

2 aor.

with intermediate vowel of

fjvtyKa.
[icaicd]
:

aor.

C/., in Attic,

forms fjvfyxov and

107.
Tel koik'

subj. of
$pt<rt
:
:

iffrl,

the

inf.

fiavrevtadai

depending

upon the pred.

108.
109.

adj. <p(\a.

see on v. 24.

r&.<reras [ih-eAeo-as]

Kal

vfiv

' ;

and now,'

a special instance of the habit referred to

: '

'didst thou bring to pass.'

in altl, v. 107
OeowpSiros,' i
e.
:

BeoirpoiMttv oiYopcvitis
'

art declaring in thy capacity of

art declaring as

110.

8^
v.

'in very truth,'

by divine direction.' or perhaps with ironical

Kvcko. is

force,

'

forsooth

'.

See on

61

tov [tovtov]

the antecedent of ovveica [ol eve/taj

:

i.e. to?s 'Axam. 'on this account, because.' <r<|Cv [outoiV] (from Ti5x) devises.' Cf. Lat. machinatur.
: '

tcvx

111.
sis,'

Kovpip

gen. limiting &iroiva

XpwrfC8os, nom. Xpva-tjU, ' Chry'

feminine patronymic, formed from Xpioijs,

Chryses.'

The

patro*

'

I70
nymic"ending
112.
is -iS,

NOTES.
nom.
-is.

G. 129,
avnrjv

9,

H. 466.

Chryseis means

'

daugh-

ter of Chryses.'

?0\ov [tfdeXov]

in

emphatic contrast with

'I

airoiva in

previous verse.
113.
koA. -yap
:

the ellipsis

is

ovk ede\ov

well might refuse, for.'

K\vTai(ivTJo-TpT)s
tra,

gen. after irp6 in comp.

the wife of

Agamemnon, who

G. 177, H. 583. Klytaimnesafterward proved unfaithful to him, and

at

with her paramour Aigisthos accomplished his death, remained during the war.
114.
Kovpi8t]s
'
:

Argos
bride,'

wedded,'

probably

derived, like

Kovprj,

from

from the custom of cutting the bride's hair immediately before marriage ISev not reflexive, else it would have been accented eOev \ou], but unemphatic = avrris. xtpeiwv [xt'/wl see on v. 80.
Kfipw,
cut,'
:

115.
116.
117.

'

not in figure nor in stature, neither in mind nor in

:

skill.'

Kal ws

see on v. 33.
:

(iov\op.(ai)

For

elision, see
[<ra>j/].

Sketch of Dialect, 4

Ippcvai

(for ecr-fxevai) [tlvai].

<rdov
:

118.
act.

tToiiiao-aT*

'put in readiness,' aor. imv. referring to a single

the subj. in this final clause, because the aor.

119.

&>

[$>)

we have

imv. has regularly the force of a primary tense.

120.
Xtvo-a-GTt [opart]
(cf.

G. 202,
rel.

1.

the ace. of the

pron. has passed into

a conj.
AXXt)
:

quod'xn. Latin).

In prose
i.e.

we should have had

given to another.'.

'is

going elsewhere,'
3,
'
:

'is

Sti
\u>l:

^p\erai
dat. of

disadv.
121.

G. 184,
f|((pT
'

H.
lit.

597.

the verb has

become so established
(sc. iireai),

in its derived

meaning,
122.

answer,'

exchange words

that

it

takes an ace. of

the pers. like vpoaeepi].

The verse
ttoLvtwv
s -yap
:

begins in courtly style

but, instead of the usual close,

&va avSpwv 'Ayafiefivav, there follows the contemptuous <pi\oKTeavd>Tare

vdi'Twv
123.
:

'of
'

all

men.'
?

How, pray

124.
thinks,

l$nv wfjta [lantv noivi]

translate the verse

'

Nor

at all,

me-

do we know of common possessions stored up abundantly.' iroXfwv 125. The first ri is relative; the second, demonstrative Ten years of the 8e8ao-Tcu pf. from Salo/xat or Sareofjiai. [WAe&>j/]. war had been mostly spent in raids upon the lesser cities of the Troad, of which Achilles had destroyed twenty-three. It was in such expeditions
:

that Chryseis and Briseis were

made

captives.
:

126.

iraXCMoYd ravr'
;

eirayeCpeiv

'pile these

up

(so as to be) col-

lected together
v. 39-

'

ira\i\\oya expresses the result of iiraydpeip.

See on
'

127.

rfjvBi

i.e.

Chryseis

irp<S-cs (2 aor.

imv.

rpo-lrj/xi)

9tu

send
of

her forth (out of respect) for the god,'

i*. for

Apollo.

0e

is dat.

advantage.

: :

ILIAD
128.
I.

I.

171
Cf. Verg.

TpiirX-g rerpairXTJ rt

'

thrice, yea, four times.'

irov\.
1

Aen.

94, terqut quaterque

at Kf iro8i [edv

129.
t-f is

8uxv
It is,

[5?]

2 aor. subj. 3 sing.

-<ri,

The

subscript in the Attic form

logically be written

derived from the orig. ending

and should not

in 5ywt.

perhaps, to be explained as a mistaken correction of the

the
<

copyist,

who remembered

subscript in the Attic form, and

assumed

that

it

should also be written in the Horn, form

ootids

iroXiv Tpoii]v

unlike Tpon;* vroKitdpov (v. 164), undoubtedly refers to the city Troy.
131.
8r|

For the
dyaOos
orig.

orig.

pronounce Sij ou as one syllable by synizesis meaning of Sri, which is here apparent, see on verse 61
:
:

irtp iS>v
,

'

very brave as thou

art.

'

wep

is

a freq. attendant of the

its

concessive ptc

but no concessive idea belongs to xep, which retains

;

meaning, 'in high degree' (from Ttpl)

icXtrT

here

it

qualifies ayaOos,

'

very

brave.'

132.

vow

[ycji]

'

cheat by

craft,'
:

'

craftily cheat
'

'

or v6tp

may

be taken as a local dat. in its first meaning nearly equals think to cheat.'
'

cheat in thy thought,' which

133.

f\

tfltXeis:
inf.

'dost thou really wish?

6<j>p'

?xU 5
i.e.
'

used as the
axn-us
:

equivalent of

?x"' ar>d parallel with follg. r)<rdat

;

adv.
idly,'

from

avr6s, with
gift,'

'without a
134. 136.
0v|xov
:

changed accent lit. 'in this very way,' as is explained by Stviyavov.

:

vainly,'

'

Sevo'fievov [Sto/xevov]

G. 98, H.

1,

H. 371

b.

apo-avres:
'suiting
it

aor. ptc.

from stem

dp- (dpapicncw).

ap<ravTs kotA
off of the sentence

to

my

wish.'

The sudden breaking

by suppressing the apodosis, (diro<riccT7j(rij: lit. becoming

'

indicated by the dash,

silent').
{ei.
fiii

is

called aposiopesis

If expressed, the

apodosis would
139.

have been something

137.
ii
cl
.

like

Ka\ws
[edv

Cf. Vergil's
$w<riv],
iyu>

Aen.
8
is

I,

SuKixriv

5e

kcv avros IXufiai

marks the commencement

be rendered
'

of the apodosis.

and

not connective
instance of
its

it

may

then,' or left untranslated.

A similar

use

occurred

in v. 5S.

ksv iXufiai

an instance of that use of the subj. in

Horn, which closely approaches the fut. indie, being, perhaps, a little In Attic there are only two grades less positive. G. 255 and .v., H. 720 e. fut. indie, and opt. with &v (potential opt). of expression, The Horn,

language has
with
&y, subj.

five varieties of expression,

fut.

indie, subj., fut. indie,

with &v, opt. with &v.

:

rtov [tr6v] Aiavros Ajax, the son of Telamon (A&zj TAoua>was the strongest of the Greek heroes, and during Achilles's absence the bravest in defence, as Diomede was the boldest in attack. Cf. B 76S, T 226 'OSuxiios OSviraews] see on'Axi\f)os, v. I. Odysseus, the son of Laertes, of the island Ithaka, was the shrewdest of the chiefs, and the
138.
yioi),
['
:

hero of the Odyssey.

cession, the

Agamemnon
:

is

made

to insult gratuitously, in suc-

139.

most distinguished of the Greek warriors. lAv (Xttficu 'will go and take.' d|u |Xv

'will take

and

172
bring.'

NOTES.
KexoXe&o-erai
' :

fut. pf.

from

x<>A<fo,
ice

i.e.

'

he shall not only become,

joined with KexoKlivfTcu

but remain angry

(cf. Ke/cA^o-p,

138).

(&v)

is

and

'Uufiai, as

described in
:

v. 137.
'

140.
141.

fjtra<f>pa(rdjj.6(r0a

we

will consider hereafter

'

(/xero).

In this and the

follg. vv.

occur several instances of aor. subjs.

:

with shortened mood-signs (see Sketch of Dialect, 17)

ayeipo/xev (142), 6elojj.ev [du/j.ev\
(143), fi^aofitv (144).

4pv<r{a)onev,
all

These are

hor-

tative subjs.

142. 143.
'

iptras

from nom.
:

sing. iperi)s.

Ka\AiirdpT|ov

compound

of

na\6s,

'

beautiful,'

and

iraptta,

cheek.'

143.

from which
144.
sel,

Join &v (for aud by apocope, G. 12, N. it is separated by tmesis.

Translate dp\os as predicate
: '

3,

H. 73 D) with

P^jo-opcv,

Let one man,

who can

give coun-

be leader.'

145.
147. as
'

Idomeneus was king of Crete. 'EKaep-yov &$p' iXao-o-u [tV i\d<rrj]

'

ordinarily explained

Far-worker

(l/cas,

tpyov),

i.e.

'

Far-darter,' referring to the force of the

Sun-god's darts, even at a distance.

ends and
tector
')

Autenrieth derives the word from

i.e.

upyw

lit.

'one

who

shuts far away,'

('

either

from

evil

('

Pro-

or in the lower world

Death-god
(uir6,

').

148.

inroSpa: perh. for uiroHpait

SepKo/xai),

(angry eyebrows), 'with scowling glance.'

finer

lit. 'looking under' There can hardly be found a

example of indignant invective than the passage vv. 148-17 1.

dvaiSctnv
')

149.

tiriei\i.ive

clad in (as with a coat of mail,

lit.

'

clothed

upon with
passive.

shamelessness.'

Verbs which take,

in the active voice,

an

ace. of the person

G. 164,
liyvvfit, '4irt<n.v

and of the thing retain the ace. of the thing hrl does not lose its final 197, n. 2, H. 553 a
the double

in the
letter,

because
150.

Lat. vestio, has initial F.

:

dat

is

natural, because in obeying a

com-

mand one

also obeys the giver of the

command

[cf.

in Lat.

dido audiens

esse alicui; in other

words,

eirecri is

the nearer, roi

(ctoj)

the remoter (indias a definitive

rect) object.

It

comes
:

to the
i.e.
'

same thing
thy words.

to explain

tireo-i

appositive of rot

'thee,'
:

H. 500 d
?
'

irclOtjTai: dubitac.

tive or deliberative subj.

How

can one obey

with heroes.'
:

G. 256, H. 720
;

151.

68<Jv

cogn. ace. after lAdefttvai

[i"\0e?v]

translate: 'either to
:

go on

a foray or to fight mightily

frf>i

see on v. 38.

153.

p.axT)cro(itvos [naxovfia/os]

final syllable is
5,

here used as long

4.
(>i
:

before the caesura.

Sight.'

See Essay on Scanning,

'in

my

G. 184,

5,

H.

601.
:

154.
chiefly in
chattel.

ovSi pAv [miH

cf. v.

77.

Wealth

in the heroic

age consisted

cows and horses.

Cf. the derivation of Lat.

pecunia and Engl.

155.

Phthia in S. Thessaly was the hereditary kingdom of Achilles.

ILIAD
The two
156.
6f the Thessalian plain.
ri
f\
:

I.

173

fine-sounding adjectives which close the line describe the fertility

the diphthong

thesis before follg. vowel, or the

the following

ij,

may "be considered as shortened in the may be pronounced by synizesis with

tire ty.

157. Notice the flowing sound of the first half of this spondaic verse, on account of the number of vowels as compared with consonants.
158.
<rot
:

dat. of association

with Sua, G. 186, H. 602 b

yet the
repeti-

verb
tion

(ffir6nc6a regularly takes the dat.

o~v, o~oi

indicate great emphasis.

apvv(xvoi
:

The

accent of aoi and

its

159.

Ti|x^|v

'

seeking to obtain satisfaction,

apvvpcvoi,
Its

pres. &pvvfj.at,

meaning
u/*M aT
'

is

comes from a different root from aetpw [afyw]. 'attain to.' kuvuto implies nom. Kuvwirys,
:
'>

primary

lit.

'with the

eyes of a dog,' 'dog-faced.'

(Cf. in v. 225 the equivalent expression

kwos

%X WV
of
is

c f-

traits

the

a ' so z 344> where Helen reproaches herself.) The noble dog seem scarcely to have been noticed by the Greeks.

The word

constantly, both in

compounds and
is

alone, used to convey the

extremest reproach.

the account of 'Argos,' Odysseus's faithful hound (Odyssey, p 272). 160. tcSv gen. of cause, esp. freq. with verbs of emotion (see on
:

The

single exception

v.

65)

lAtTaTp&rfl

becomes

verb of emotion
i.e.

in its

derived meaning;
cf.

lit.

'dost not turn thyself about,'

dXryCgco
:

'dost not regard,'

v.

Lat. re*

spicere

'not to care

for,'

see

180.

161.

Kal 8^

'

and now?

poi

could be joined with iwetAeTs, as

;

verbs of threatening govern dat. of person in both Greek and Latin

is

but

better construed as dat. of disadv. with a<patpr)<rto-dat (see on v. 67)

:

avrds

'

in person.'
10

162.

Itti

[i<p\

<]

when
'

dissyllabic preps, follow their objects, the

accent

is

drawn back

to the penult.
:

This retraction of the accent

').

is

called

anastrophe
the

(ava<TTpo<pr)

turning back

See Sketch of Dialect,

6.

In

the second half of this verse, an instance occurs of the transition from
relative clause to an independent sentence: 'for which I toiled much, and the sons of the Achaians gave it to me,' instead of and which the sons of the Achaians gave to me (see on v. 79).
'
'

<roC dat. after laov, lit. 'equal with thee,' This is an instance of what is called eomparatio compendiaria, or abridged comparison. Cf. Xen. Anab. II, III, 15, y Si rrjs rjkeKTpov u\pews lty$ ifKtKTpov ovStv Siecptpe, where r)\ei<Tpov

163.

ov \uv [ov

ftriy].

i.e.

'equal with thy prize.'

oirirdT' [6(Jra'].

164.
cities

irroXCeSpov

'

city,'

not Troy, but some one of the numerous

on
v. 125).

on the Trojan plain

t6 ttXciov
: '

(see

165.

the larger (harder) part.'

is

iroXv-diKOs
lit.

the latter
spring-

part of \his
ing,'
i.e.

compound
'

the stem of
:

diWw,

'to leap,'

'much
'

fatiguing.'

iroX(xoio

generally to be translated

combat,'

not, as in prose,

war.'

: :

74
166.
8Uirov<r'
;

NOTES.
:
'

bring to pass.'

The

act.

forms

eVai,

Sieiru rarely

occur in Attic
1

the midd. forms are extremely

common

in the sense of

follow.'

&T&p

auTdp

[aAA<f]

see on v. 51.

167.

Agamemnon,

as generalissimo of the forces, has his special por..he

tion (yepas) of all plunder, set apart in advance of

general distribution.

Achilles comes in only on a footing equal with the other chiefs

t <|>C\ov T 'iywv:
lit.

6\iyov

'with (a prize) small

and sweet,'
'

i.e.

'precious though

small.'

168.
tired.'

iirel

k [eV^i/] icdpco iroXefiil^v

when

have fought myself

iirtl

169.

ttjii

'

I will go,'

pres. with

the usual fut. signif

?\

see on v. 156.

170.

l!)v [tevai]

<rvv vr\v<rl [vavtrC]

i.e.

we

constantly find 'with the

cf.,

ships,' instead of 'on,'

'on board of the ships;'

a-'
[<roi]
:

among many
Translate:

examples, vv. 179, 183 171. d<j>ueiv fut

:

dat. of advantage.
lit.
'

inf.

from

pres. acpva-crw,
in dishonor,

draw

off.'

Nor do I propose to stay here wood and drawer of water) for

'

and to draw thee wealth and riches.'

cf. v.

(like a

hewer of
fj.d\t-

173.

|A&\'

'

by

all

means,'

85.

So the modern Greek uses

'

<rra: cf. Lat. maxirne, as the equivalent for 'yes,'

pf.

certainly.'

&ir-

a-<rvrai

midd. from

<reva>

with pres.

signif.,

'

impels.'

Notice

how smooth-

flowing this and the follg. vv. are from the numerous liquids which they
contain.

174.

ivk' ^|Aio

[ifjiov
:

eW*a].
:

175.

oX K Tijr/jo-oua-i
final

shortened
10,
2.

see on v. 137 pp-fa-a \ht)ti4tt)s\ with vowel and recessive accent. See Sketch of Dialect,

176.
'in

2x.^ l<rT s:

'most hateful
v.

my
:

sight;' see on
HioTpecpts

153.
'

\e7s]

and

Sioyevris,

form, G. 72, 1, H. 222. jaoi AioTpe^es PaTi\T}es [biorpttptTs fiatrtZeus-fostcred and Zeus-engendered are
;' for
: ' ' '

common
177.

epithets of kings, both implying

to Zeus.

membership

in the heroic line

and a pedigree running back

As

usual with an angry man,

Agamemnon
man

charges the quarrel-

some

spirit entirely

upon

his opponent.
is

178.

Physical strength
gift of

nothing for a
tcapTepos
o-<ri

to be very
!].

proud

of,

being

purely a
179.

the gods

[Kparepbs

rrdpoio-i [eraipois].

180.
after the

Mvpfu86vtr<ri [Mup/nlSoa-t]

distinguish
(for) the

in translation the dat.

verb: 'play the ruler among

Myrmidons,' from the

gen. with the

same verb

'

be ruler over the Myrmidons.' The Myrmidons

<r$lv
[a-ou]
:

were the subjects of Achilles.

181.
182.
69ofj.ai ((rov)

see on v. 160.

kot^ovtos: 'trouble myself about your spite.'

<os:
is

adv. of comparison, 'just as.'

The important

part of the
;

apodosis

4yd k'

#70* (subj. with e nearly equals fut. indie.)

but the

::

ILIAD
tV
'

I.

175
the appear-

(ilv

irt(i\f/ta

is

brought in to save

Agamemnon from
;

ance of defiance to Apollo's command.

The sense may be thus given

;

Though

(fitv) I

my

retaliation

comply with the god and send, etc. yet (Se) I will have upon you, the cause of my loss for I will go in person and
: '

take, etc'

133.

vnt

}ifj

with

(i.e.

'

on

'

or

'

by

')

one of

my

ships.'

185.
vv.,

Agamemnon

appears

in a hateful light in this

and the two

follg.

ply

when he to show

declares that his motive in the threat which he

his greater power.

makes

is

sim-

The

distinction

between
is

Kp3.rtp6s

and

(ptprepos

the

former referring more to physical strength, the latter to

resources of various kinds in one's

(vv. 2S0, 281).

command

clearly

made below
'

187.
himself

la-ov jiol <j>a<r3(u

'

to

speak on a

level with me,'

to assert
ofioiuOrj-

my

equal

'

Tow
:

is
'

originally a cognate accusative.

fievai [6/xoto)d?)t>ai] &vrr\v

is

to liken himself to

me

before

my

face

; '

ivrij*

adv.
188.

(cf. a.7rpi&TT)v, v.

99).

IInX*ia>vi

dat. of

possessor
-187J1,

the patronymic ending -iuv

ol
:

is

infrequent in comparison with

see on v. 7

this is

one of the

common

cases where the dat. limiting the verb takes the place of a gen.

limiting the

to Peleus's son,
breast.'

noun rjrop or arr^Ottrffi. Translate vv. 188, 1S9 and his heart was perplexed in double-wise

'

Woe came
shaggy

in his

190.

<pdtryavov

probably derived from trpdfa, and so originally mean-

ing 'slaughter-knife,' but here equals |ios, Hop, and

means 'sword.'
up the
rest

191.
Chiefs.'

tov3 y&v dvao-nrjxeis

'

should

make

start

of the

At

the assembly of chiefs (0ov\i] yep6vr<v), the speaker stood

sitting.

and the others remained

v.

Cf. vv. 5S, 63, IOI.

II.

The
c.)

opts, in this

represent subjs. of direct discourse (G. 256,

720

changed to
ivapCXfli

opt. under the influence of the secondary tense fiep^pt^ev

'strip off

armor'

(tvapa.),

presupposes, of course, the killing of Aga-

memnon.
192. 193. 194.
of tense
9v\i6v: 'fury.*
tos [ecus]
-fjXfle
:

metathesis qnantitatis.
:

S' 'A0rjv?i

5e in apodosi; 'then

See Sketch of Dialect, r, 4. came Athena.' The change

Cf. v. 58.
?\Kt

marks the commencement

ovpav<S9v
[i

of the apodosis.
irpb
.

195.
v. 3-

ovpavov]

tmesis.

Cf. vpoiatyev,

196.

du.<f>u

governed by
6wi0cv
v.
of.
'

<pi\4ov<ra, for Krj5ofi.4in)

ical /C7)8eat

takes the gen.

Cf. v.

209;

cf.

also H. 2O4,"EKT0pd. irep tpi\4eis

<rri\ 8'
:

avrov.
'

197.

behind
198.
199.

'

(see

on

she stood behind,' or perh.

k6;xt]j ?\e [el\e]
:

she stepped up from

hair,'

'

plucked by the

gen. of

part taken hold

G. 171, 1, H. 574 op&ro [eaSpa] see on v. 56.

:

b.

Notice the four aorists

in this

and the next

verse, all describing

' :

176

NOTES.
0d|AJ3ncrEv [iOaiftcurev]
:

single acts quickly accomplished tTpairTo (2 aor. midd.

|t&

with

v. 160),

from rpiirca) 'turned him about.'

:

here used in

literal

sense (contrast
(see

200.

01 [ayrjj]

nearly equal to poss. gen. limiting

u<r<re

on

v. 188).

Translate the last hemistich: 'for her terrible eyes shone brightly.'
Seivi
eyes.'

Or
two

may be taken
<j>dav9ev
[

as predicate: 'dreadful
.

was the gleam

of her

(pay drier ay]

'

Cf. Kpr\r\vov [icpcivoy], v. 41.

and having raised his voice (as preliminary to speaking) he was addressing her with winged words.' Words are called winged because they 'fly' so quickly from the lip to the ear.
201.

Translate

'

202.

TCirr(e) [Ti

-irore]

a5r(e):

'again,' as
!

if

he had said 'One

:

vexation after another, here you are once more

'

alyioxoio Aibs tskos

example of a combination of words (three dactyls) which fits easily into the verse, and is used, perhaps, as a half-conventional phrase, without very distinct thought of its meaning i\^j\ov9a3 [(\-fi\v9as] closes a
:

spondaic verse.
233.
8t)

[%s]: see on

find 'ArpeiSeto.

v. 56 'ATpt8oo ["ArpuSov]. See Sketch of Dialect, 1, 4.

In B 185 we

204.

TeXi(r3ai: fut. inf. midd. with pass, signif.

Tjs

205.

virpoirX(T)o-i

'because of his deeds of arrogance.'

dat. pi. fern, of the poss. pron. St,

which
is

is

poetic.

^s In Attic Greek, the

place of the poss. pron. of the 3d sing, sonal pron. avTov, avT?)s.
of a possessive
.
. . :

supplied by the gen. of the per-

The
1T
'

article alone
: '

has also frequently the force

'

no distant day,' right soon.' potential use of subj. (see on v. 137). oXexo-j] d kc irfOnai [iav 207. to o-ov pittas : 'that wrath of thine.'
T ^X a
07
at

&v
irldri]

see on v. 67.

208.

203
210.
prs.
'

ovpav69v

cf. v.

195.
'

196
:

Distinguish i/i^s

adv

'alike,'

and

Z/xus: conj. 'yet.'

:

IpiSos

gen. of separation, 'from

strife.'

?Xko [cKkov]

imv.

be drawing.' with words,' 211. iWi

: '

if

<S 3

'4t(t*1

it,o \Sxrrr ( p

Z<ttcu]

lit.

only deeds of violence be foregone as shall be,' an elliptical phrase capable

'
:

of different interpretations.

It

may mean

'

as you will do (in any case),'

or

it

may

refer to the future humiliation of

Agamemnon,
:

in

which case a

word must be
be.'

supplied, and

we might

translate

'predicting

how

it

shall

In this and the

follg. vv.

three different forms of the future of e/>/

occur. 212.
tSSe vol? kitp('j)
:

meris), see on v. 202, which

another freq. combination of words (penthemihow decide t<5 fits easily into the verse
:

whether relative or demonstrative

214.
(>Ppios [S&ptws]
:

The presence
:

of conj.

8e'

decides.

notice omission of the article,

which would be

expected in Attic
216.
o-ipcotTepov
:

txxeo

lxH

'restrain thyself.'

poss. pron. (poetic form)

formed from dual of the

ILIAD
pars. pron. of 2d person.

I.

177
14,
1.

See Sketch of Dialect,

Translate :' the

spon-

word

of

you both,'
:

i.e.

of

Athena and Hera

It is

elpv<r<rao-9ai (closes
is

to be from a root (a)epF-, Lat. serv.xre. It is easy to derive, from the idea of 'drawing to one's self (for protection),' the meaning 'defend,' 'maintain,' 'respect.'

daic verse)

'respect,' 'observe.'
(F)ep'j-,

doubtful whether this form

derived from the root

ipvu, 'draw,' or

217.
tion of

Kal [xaXa irtp K\o\fj.vov

ko.1 irep

[icalirep

(like Sis irtp, v. 211)

may

/xd\a Kex^ a'M ,""'l tne separabe compared to tmesis, ntx

:

'

^-

fxtuov agrees with subj. of fipvacraffdai,

i.e.

dfj.4

or rtvd.

218.

'

Whoso

obeys the gods, they hearken well to him.'

For

senti-

In eicKvov we have the first example Prov. xv. 29, John be. 31. of the gnomic aor., to express a general truth (so called because this use

ment,

cf.

of the aor.

is

freq. in proverbs, yvcofiat).

G. 205,

2,

H.

707.
rel.

The

aor.

here

is

equal to a prs. and hence the subj. in conditional

:

sentence.
If r'

8s K Jrnr9n.Tai

general condition referring to present time.

it

before %k\vov
82.

is

for re,

may be compared
;

with the same word in vv. 81,

in

There the
in
:

enclitic is

found with no connecting force

here
it

both princi-

pal and subordinate clauses

stands only in the apodosis.

'surely.'

Others

would see
219.
?\

t\ the particle
ipf.

toj,

and translate:
tffxi,

3 sg.

from defective verb

i5/u,
:

Lat. aio, occurs in Horn,

only in this form.

In Attic Greek,

sing, prs.,

sing, ipf., are found. in

9,

- (r\(Qi
ifle'w
is

and fy and

?},

and 3

[e<rxl

'held,' 'stayed;' for formation

see G. 119, II. EL 411, D.

wire

220.

[iWej

from

ovS
a

'

&ir9T]tre

first

instance of litotes.
its

Litotes (\iTorris, 'simplicity')

form of statement which, because of

is

studied simplicity, and evident inadequacy,

accepted for
'

much more
fail

than

it
'

actually asserts.
'

Here,

e.g.

'

did not disobey

obey

'

did not

to

obeyed

at once.'

Examples
'

of litotes are familiar in

'

all litera-

tures.

Compare

Milton's

with unblessed feet

'

with feet accursed.'

it is

Nor

is

this figure of

speech by any means confined to poetry, but

a citizen of 'no

very

frequent in prose:
'not his least.'

e.g.

mean

city;' his last service

was
per-

Dr. O.

W. Holmes remarks

that the

humor

of

manv

sons consists largely in understatement.

ican humorists will be evident to

That this is very true of Amerany one who peruses a few pages of
the pf. in Horn. freq.

Mark Twain
221.

or

Artemus Ward.
'was gone.'
ipf.
'

ppV|Ki:

plupf. naturally

=
'

As

prs.,

so the

222.
223.

8w}it' fc
of,' i.e.

into the palace.'

|ict<3i

Saffiovas dXXovs

lit.

'

into

the midst

after other deities.'

: '

dTarrripots
Xi]Y

hard,'

'

unfeeling.'

224.
225.

xk 10

see on v. 210.
(

kwJ>3 5(i}iaT' ?x wv

see on v. 159)

lessness, as KpaUr\v ihifoio (ex w ") denotes

expressive of utter shameextreme cowardice: 'with the

:

eyes of a dog, with the heart of a deer.'

It

might be more natural to

say in English

'

with the eyes hi a dog, with the heart of a hare.'

178
226.
227.
the
Is v6\e}u>v
: '

NOTES.
for combat,' last syllable of ir6\e/xdv lengthened
&;xa

in arsis before caesura

(a)lifia.
'

To

'

lie in

wait in

ambush

is

the highest test of the courage of

to the
'

Homeric
ktjp
v;
:

hero.

This duty

falls

champions,'

api<TT?jes

&pi(rHJ<ro"i [apurrevai].

228.
tinguish

lit.

'

death-angel,'
:

i.e.

death in person, certain death.

:

Dis-

and t6 K?)p 'heart.' eiISetcu [8o(ce?J from Horn. pres. etSa^ai. Notice parataxis in sentence introduced by $e ydp. kcxtj. orpaT^v eipuv: 'through229. Xaiov [A.'jJof] 'more gainful.' out the broad (widespread, as lying in camp) army.' 230. airo-aiptio-oa;. the failure to elide shows that aipeco orig. began with a consonant, which, however, is sometimes [cf. v. 182) ignored oxns [hs h.v] efir?] for subj. see on v. 218 <re3ev [<rov] gen. depends upon the adv. olvt'iov. G. 182, 2, H. 589. 231. nom. in exclamation, which sometimes takes the place Pao-iXsvs of a second voc. (it here follows oivofiapes). G. 157, N., II. 541 ovtiK-'op

8avoi<ri

for dat. see

on

of no account' (o&tis).

v. 180, among worthless subjects,' lit. people The second half of the verse explains how it is
'

'

possible for

him

to be Stino&opos.
.
.

232.

f\

yap av

Xwj&jo-aio

'for verily thou wouldest offer insult

(el
/xr]

for the last time,'

were not thy subjects worthless

ellipsis,

ovrtSlvots avdtr'else
'

ao

s).

Instead of supplying the

'J
: '

we may use

the

word

(='if
final

this

were not so
ejrt
:

else thou wouldest surely,' etc.

'

233.

adv.

'

besides,'

thereto.'

Notice the lengthening of a

vowel before

follg. liquid (easily

pronounce
234.

iirl fi/xeyav.
:

Cf. v.

and doubtless doubled in pronunciation) 283, and see Essay on Scanning, 5, 3.

in the

rdSe o-Kfjirrpov

each speaker

assembly received from the

herald the scepter, which gave the recipient the right to speak (the floor)
as long as he held
it.

Cf.

235.

<J>v<m:

fut. act.

T 218 from <pvw

\Uv [miH-

irpwTa:

'first,' i.e.

'once for
dat.
pi.

all.'

to|atjv

(rtuvu, 'cut'):

'stock,' 'stump.'

6p<ro-i:

from

vpos.

236.

irtpl

yap pa
: '

\a\Kbs

2X;|/V
!

the verb takes two accusatives as a

it (e,

verb of depriving
237.
238.

for, see (/Sa)

(irtpi) its

the steel hath stripped off from

here

neuter) on every side

p-iv [aurcj].

leaves and bark.'

SikcutttoXoi
'

'warders of
in

justice.'

8|u<rras irpis
(lit.

At&s

clpv-

aTtu
It is

maintain the laws

the

name
is

of

before the face of) Zeus.'

pf.

uncertain whether eipvarai

a sync. prs. \ipv(o)vrai\, or a

with

For root and radical signif. see on v. 216. 239. 6 8 and this.' instead of r6 from the influence of the pred. noun opKos. H. 513 c. 240. 'AxiXX^os: obj gen. after wod-fi,' longing for Achilles.' I'gercu [a<pl$cTcu] utas: in Attic Greek, a prep, would be required. G. 16a, H. 551.
prs. signif.
:

'

<5

ILIAD
241.
v. 2S.

I.

179
'

tois

dat. of

advantage after xp0'M e '>

ii<j>'

to help them.'

See on

242.

ct' (Lv \oray]

"Eicropos

gen. of agent
to,
'

is

natural, because

iriwTOHTt is in effect

a passive verb and equivalent

are thrown down.'

The

gen. might equally well be connected with Qvi}<tkovt(s.

dfivijas
ti^r'
: :

243.
244.

'

thou shalt rend.'

as in v. 120, re having no
re.

= quod,
on
:

appreciable force.

Thus

simplicity,

It is Horn, and no boasting, for the hero to call himself &pio~Tos 'Axaiuv. ^coojicvos see on v. 1 53. 246. irirap(u'vov (pf. ptc. from irelpu, pierce ') 'studded.' tlero

re

is

equal to

on never

loses

by

elision.

'

[eKa0e'(,*eTo].

247.

tTt'pcuOev:
(ipf.

'on

(lit.

from) the other side

: '

'

cf.

Lat. ex altera parte.

kyA\v\.i.

from
1

urtvlu)

was giving vent

to his rage.'

touti: see

on

v. 58.

248.

avopova-t:
:

aor.

from opovu

[Zpvvfxi].

Xiyus

'clear-voiced.'

d-yop^Tqs
frfiTwp.

lit.

'one who speaks

in

the ayopd;'

synonymous with
force
of
teal

24:).

tow

[oj]

poss. gen.

limiting y\6o-<ri)s.

The
x.

can

hardly be given in English.

pliv [ippa]
.

Cicero, dt Sencctute,

has translated this

verse: ex ejus lingua mclle dulcior Jluebat oratio.

-yXuKtav [y\vKVTcpa].

G.
:

98, n. 1,

H. 371
i.e.
'

b.
life
;

250.

to

'

for him,'

before his eyes,' 'during his

:

'

for dat.,
is

G. 184,
tain
;

3, N. J, II.

601

u,tpo-7rv
is,
'

the derivation of this

word

uncer-

its

probable meaning
-j>Sia,9'

mortal.'
-^o-av]
:

plupf. pass, from tpdivw. form with plupf. 01 [aiirJ)] Tpu<fev \Tpd<pr)o~av, 2 aor. pass, from rp(<pa>] This hysteron-protcron tj8' iyivovro the natural order seems reversed. may be explained by saying that the order is the natural one to one look-

251.

[q<p0ivto or

4<pdi/xcvoi

Yet the sync. 2 see on v. 158

:

aor. <pdinriv coincides in

ing back. 252.

of
'

|Atu.
'

TptTttToiot [cV rplrois]

this use of

perd with dat. in sense

among

is

wholly Homeric.
[airors].

Cf.
:

61
is

253.
Feir-.

o-<J>i

p.T-ciircv

Zenrov

redupl. 2 aor. from stem

fell

The

full

form was

e-Fe-Fetr-ov.

After the digammas

et.

away, the
the

second and third epsilons were contracted into

syllabic augment.

The

initial 6 is

Sec Sketch of Dialect,

:

15, 2.
;

254.

'12

ttotoi

interjection expressing either dismay, as here

or de-

light, as in

272.

Before vocatives &

aor. opt.

is

always written
yijdtu.

<5.

Cf. Engl.

and oh
255.
256. 257.
ynSTJirai
:

3 sg.
:

from

KCjtapola.ro

redupl. 2 aor. opt. from x^p">-

'If they learned all this (tale) of your strife': the gen. (dual)

depends upon rdSe.

180
258.
irepC (in

NOTES.
the
first

hemistich)

irepieare.
f$o\jA-i)v,

The verb takes

after

it
;

a gen. (as a word of superiority), and

the explanatory
inf. /idxzffOai is

as an ace. of specification

precisely equivalent to an ace. of specifi-

cation fj-ax^v-

239.

diKJ)"

*>e,

KT ^

'

an example of parataxis
tyuv

instead of

Se,

we might
{sc.

have had,
260.

in prose, yap.
rj].
:

1\insp [H^cp or

attracted from

nom.

vpsTs

core)

by the preceding apsioai. 262. oi yap ttw [ojitw yap]

v. 137-

ZSujuu

[ISoi/u ay,

or Ztyonu]: see on

263.

oiov Il'.p3oov

attracted into the ace. by roiovs avepas of v. 262.

?iv

regular construction would require olos

Xlnpidjos.

Peirithoos was

king of the Lapithai, a powerful tribe in Thessaly. Exadios, and Polyphemus were chiefs of the Lapithai.
of Peirithoos with

Dryas, Kaineus,

To

the marriage

Hippodameia, the wild

tribe of

Centaurs were invited.

Under the

influence of wine, they attempted to carry off the bride and other

women

of the Lapithai.

Theseus and Peirithoos led the resistance, and

the Centaurs were overcome.

of Athens,

The

fact that

Theseus, the national hero

was associated by old legend with Peirithoos, probably led to the interpolation of v. 265 in the interest of Athens, by some Athenian
rhapsodist.

266.

KupTixroi

metathesis.
: '

See Sketch of Dialect,

7,

2.

8?';

em-

phasizes the superlative

the very strongest.'

keivoi [^KeT^os].

267.

pv

\fj.-o"\

so also in vv. 269, 273.

Otjpal)
:

268.
'

<pi]po-lv
; '

(probably an Aeolic form for

'wild people,'

lit.

wild beasts
270.

the Centaurs were represented, in later times, as half

cVn-wXccro-av
:
:

man

and

half beast

transitive,
'

sc.

avrois.
far
'

Ig dirtrjs yalT\%

defines tt)\69v,

from

away, [namely] from

a remote land.'

avTol: the fact that the heroes

his reputation

themselves

'

sent for

him shows what was

even

in his youth.

271. kot 6j' avrov: 'by myself,' either as single combatant or at the head of his followers. The meaning is that he was not a subordinate, but fought independently. This no one of his present contemporaries

could imitate (ovtis av fxax^ono).

273.
(iv

pov\a)v fjvviev [ruv fiov\a>v fiov <ruvU<rav]

'

listened to

my

counsels.'

G. 171,

2,

H.

576.

274.

Compare
try 0.60s

the repetition of the verb irtidofiat in this

v. 266.

and

follg. v.

with the repetition of ndpriarot in

275.

wp
:

Hv

see On

v. 131

aToa-'peo [acpaipov]

see on v.

230
276.
277.
[cp'E(P l-

KovpTjv
'ia.
:

see on v. 98.

prs. imv.
g?e\'

n^Xefoi]

from taw. pronounce h7)~tdt\\ by

:

synizesis.

epi'j^psvai

Pa.G-1X.fj1.:

for dat. G. 186, N.

:

1,
'

II. 602.

278.

otf7ro9' 6|>Cns
p.p.op
:

'never a

like,'

i.e.

always a greater,' an example

t.

of litotes

2 pf.

from

fxelpofxai,

see Sketch of Dialect, 22,

ILIAD
279.
230.
5tc [<]
Itro-i,
:

I.

l8l
See on
v. 86.

enclitic tc
:

without appreciable meaning.

in protasis
;

ytivaro

both

the apodosis begins with dAA*.

For

loss of accent of ak\' with elided vowel, see G. 24, 3,

:

H. 100

irXc-ovtxo-i [irAfWi]
(

for dat. sec

:

on

v.

179

For distinction between

Ttov
[<r6i/].

Kopr 36s and fyiynpos

232. 2S3.
dat. of
<rv Se
:

see on vv. 17S, 1S6.

thou,' turning to Achilles

'

and do
:

Xo-<rofi.(ai)

this elision
fitQ4fi.ev

could not occur

in

prose

'AxtAX^i
fit6lrifii\,

advantage with
to abate thy

[fieduvat, 2 aor. inf.

i.e.,

from
is

trans-

late

'

wrath for Achilles.'

since he

the reliance of the

Achaians.
284.
237.
258.
Tro\^|ioio
:

objective genitive after

ircpl
.
.

'ipKos,
.

'

bulwark of

(in)
:

combat.'
see on v.

88' avT|p [oSe 6 dcVjpj.

gppcvai

[irepe?i/aj]

Agamemnon
:

has no substantial charges to

make

against Achilles,

but can only reiterate what he has already (vv. 175 follg.) said. 239. Tiv(a) 'one (at least);' he means, of course, himself,
subj. of TceiffeffQai, after

rivi

is

which a

is

cogn. ace.

291.

irpo$tov<r\.

often taken from xpodew, in which case the form

On this account do words But one may consider irpodeoua-i irp3Ttd4affi, as if there were a pres. Oea formed from the stem Oe- of rldrj/n, and translate: 'On this account do they (i.e. the gods) permit (lit 'set before ') him to utter words of insult.' 293. i\ yap kv koAoi|at)v see on v. 232.
requires no comment.

One would
(oi)

translate
?
'

'

of insult rush forth for

him

to utter

294.
295.
is

irdv gpyov

' :

in

every matter,' not necessary to sense but anticiprohibition

: '

pates Stti

k(>> tfwris.
:

yip

calls attention to the fact that the

fi)]

a-fifxaive

the reason for the others

if

command

^rire'AAeo.

Translate

Lay these comshall not be

mands on
2t6.

you choose (8^); you certainly (yap)

6ta>

giving directions to me.'

ov yap

repeated sarcastically from

Agamemnon's

threat, v. 2S9.

297. 298.
ofrroi
' :

Common
xeP T '

verse to introduce a transition.

(scarcely differs in

meaning from $i%)

:
'

'by

force.'
s'iveko,

by no means.'
' :

Distinguish o&toi, and outoi

these.'

Kovprjs [Koprjs evena]

on account of a maid.'
:

299. tw \tivi] i-tC p.' &4>\ex8e y Sdvre; 'since you but took away what you gave.' 300. tuv dWciiv part. gen. depending upon ti twv in follg. v. takes up again tuu &AKwi>, but is not necessary to complete sense.
:

302. 303.
'flow
;

til'aye: with
if
:

ti,

it

is

generally supposed that

/3oi/Ae is to

be

supplied: 'but,
ipur\<rti

thou dost wish, come on.'

yvioxri [yvutri].

ipwiw, in this and in one other place,

'

441,

means
dis-

'

elsewhere always,
dvo-rf|rnv
:

hang back from,'

on

'

recoil from.'

305.

for apocope, see

v. 144.

The assembly was

solved by rising, ava^-firriv \vaav [avaaraurts tKv<rav].

182
306.
Ito-as [Iffas]
:

NOTES.
an
e

was frequently

prefixed, for greater ease in

F.
'

pronunciation, to several words which orig. began with

to say iFiaos than
viginti.
F~tcros.

It

was easier
cf.

Another example

is ieiicotri,

twenty,'

Lat.

McvoiTidorj for formation of patronymic, see G. 129, 9 b., H. Considerable familiarity with the events of the Trojan war is taken for granted. Here it is assumed that Patroklos will be known by his patronymic alone ols erdpotcriv tojs iralpots.

307.

466.

one of Homer's habitual epithets o\a8e [els aAo]. 309. ipira$ from nom. sing. e'psTTjs r-Kpiva' the verb is used in a pregnant signif. chose (for and sent) into.' cciicotri see on
0oVjv:
:

303.

'

64CTOS, V.

306.
(Jfjo-e [i&il3a.<re]
I aor. with causative 'and among them,' adverbial.
: :

310. 311.

signif.

4v 8':

eirt'irA.eoj', cf. such phrases H. 547, b. 313. The people had not washed during the continuance of the plague. Now they are to bathe themselves and cast off {t&a\\ov) the offscourings (KvfjLara) into the sea. This rite was symbolical of their desire to remove whatever in their persons had occasioned displeasure in the god.

312.

tccXeuOa

species of cognate ace. after

5,

as iivcu 6$6v, G. 159, N.

315.
316.

TtXfjsero-as

'

bringing fulfilment,'
if

'

effective.'

8iv'(o)

see on v. 34;

the noun were in dat., the accent of the

: '

elided form would be Blv.

(see

diTpu-ycroio

restless,' a habitual epithet

on

v. 308).

317.

ovpavov: ace. of limit of motion, used very freq. in Horn., without

cXio-o-opivi)
irtpl

preposition, of both persons and places.

'

Kairvu

whirling around in smoke,'

i. e.

the fragrant
color) the

rose within (distinguished by

the burning wood.
Kairva
:

its

smoke of burning flesh smoke which ascended from

adv.
:

is

local dat.,

and

irtpl is

318.
320.

rd

[rat/Ta]

i.e.

'

their duties.'

ImjircfXTjo-t

for the threat,

see v. 181 follg.

Ta\0vf5w>v
:

Herod,

(vii.

134) tells us of those

who

still

claimed

to be descendants of the Horn. Talthybios

Evpv{3drr)v: in

B 184 a

like-named herald of Odysseus

321.

is

mentioned.
icrjpvKe:

tw

01 2<rav [&
it

avru ijoWl
'

word

of wider signif. than

our 'herald;'
thing like
'

involves the idea of personal service rendered, some-

body-servants,'

henchmen.'

Oep&irav,

on the other hand,

implies a relation
knight.

more near equality even than

nom. agreeing with subj. of (see on v. 21 ).
'

that of esquire to his

323.
'

e\<SvT({)

ayefxeu, here

used as imv.,
/';;

take by the hand and lead

324.
(see

l 8 K (at| 8uT]<ri [iai>

Se

yuv)

5y] iyii 8

example of 8e
ko.1 pt-yiov

apodosi

on

v. 137),

'

then

I will

325.

t6:

'

it,' i.e.

his

come and take.' coming and taking

'even more

ILIAD
dreadful.'
is

I.

I83

This comparative, like Kt'pSiov from KtpSos, Kvi/repov from formed from the stem of a noun and has no positive. pi\09 'cold,' 'chill,' so that piyioi/ lit. means 'more chilling.' (LaX. frigus) Kparipbi/ ctcAXev parataxis, emphasizing the successive 326. acts. We might have expressed it as a dependent clause 'while he was laying a stern charge upon them.'
Kvuy,
:

323.

irti

T6 tcXicKas

"

the preposition

is

here expressed which was

the inception of a

omitted
330.

v. 322.

Apa

'

ween.'

vr|0rnrv

aor. denotes

feeling, 'feel delight.'

331.
8o;i6V<o
:

TapPrjo-avTs

also of sudden feeling, 'struck with dread.'

aX-

'reverencing' (his rank), of habitual mental attitude.

ipiovro
6
-yva>
: :

332.

"were they asking.'

tpeofia.i

tlpofiai
is

= epofiai

[ipwriv.]

333.
334.

a real hiatus, whereas tyvu FpVi

only apparent hiatus.

The
later,
p.01
:

heralds, in

Homer, are under

their patron.

the especial protection of

Zeus

Hermes was
see on
:

335.
336. 337.
3,

v. 153.

[6'j]

article
:

used as

relative.

o-<pwi:

'you both.'
2,

IIaTp6K\:is

H. 180. Below, v. o-<pwiv: the dual forms of the pron. of 3d pers. are enclitic. Con333 trast this form with atm, v. 336. t<5> airs* [tovtw ai>T<i] 'both of
:

contracted 3 decl. voc. for TlarpSKKees, G. 52, 345, occurs the 2 decl. form.

N.

these

men

themselves,' not, as in Attic,

:

'

the same.'

339.
340.
cl

irpas

'before the face

of.'
'

tov

with strong demons, force,

8t|

that king, ruthless as he

is.'

Y^vrjrai [lav ytv-qrai].

aire

synizesis (see

on

v.

277).

341. 342.
343.

t;iio [^juoO]

obj. gen. after

XP 61 ^constr. in

rots fiAXois: dat. of adv.,

common

Horn, after this

is

verb instead of gen. of separation (see on

v. 67).
'

To

'

think at the same time of the past and the future

the

mark

of wisdom, for

we judge
:

of the future only by the past.

similar

expression occurs r 109.

344.
|xax^oivTo [fiixoivro]
strictly
<j>\u>
:

as the tense of

oUe

is

primary, the

mood

should
345.

be subjunctive
see on
inf.
:

the opt. represents the purpose as remoter.

v. 20.

347.

d-yeiv:

of purpose (see on v. 5)

Srrjv [ptirtiv].

348.
343. 350.

aixovv'

because she loved Achilles.

connect with
:

Tapwv
01/

v6<npi \taadels-

depends upon tir(, a dependence not indiu\s the cated, in this case, by anastrophe, Sketch of Dialect, 6, 1 sea near the shore irtWoj the deep sea. iroXXa: used as in v. 35 with 351. Tip^xaTo: from prs. apao/xat stretching out his hands, ix. toward the ipi-yvws: verb of praying.

1$ aAds
:

fftv(a)

'

'

sea, the

home

of Thetis.

*84
352.
irep
:

NOTES.
'very,' heightens the
:

meaning

of nivwddSiov, see
it

on

v. 131.

6cj>c\\7 |><peiAe]
'

ipf.

3 sg.

Be

careful not to connect

with 6pt\Ku,

increase.'

356.

^Tijnrey: sec on v. 11

cbrovpas [airavpdvas]

anomalous

aor. ptc, referred to diravpuw.

from nom. sing, fltvdos [fiddos]. went up to the top of.' Hence the idea of departure or flight, and the meaning left with follg. gen. of separation, a\6s. fjVT' [So-irep] any one who has seen a mist disappear from the surface
358.
359.
fiivdivcri
:

dv8v

lit.

'

'

of the sea will appreciate the propriety

and beauty of the comparison,

361.

Kare'ptgt:

'stroked,' uncertain

gests the pres. Kara-pffy, but the meaning

from what prs. The form sugwould more readily be derived

:

from Kar-opeyw. tiros '8 <:<|>aT', 4'k t' ovop-ajjev 'spoke (lit. 'spoke a word ') and called him by name/ The name of the person usually follows immediately. Here tkvov is equivalent to such a name.
362.
<re <j>pvas
:

'you,'
<re
:

i.e.

'your heart, 'your breast.'

tppevas is in

partitive apposition with

(see

on

v. 150).

263.
365.

t'8o}Mv [ei'SaSjufv]

pf. subj.

.See

Sketch of Dialect,
tlSvig
:

24, 4, d.

Tavra iravra

obj. of dyoptvu.

implies in a general

way

the omniscience of the gods, even of those, like Thetis, of secondary

rank.

366.
(see

u\6 |X69'
v. 125).

i.e.

in

one of the marauding expeditions

in the

Troad

on

Achilles speaks with perfect naivete, unconscious that

participation in such warfare might be considered cause for censure

4\$t\v:

wife Andromache.

Thebe, under Mt. Plakos in Mysia, was the home of Hector's IcpTJv orig. meaning 'strong,' Cf. Z 371-425.
:

though the later common signif. 'sacred' is also frequent in Horn. 367. This verse is a brief description of ancient warfare the sacking
:

of the city includes the slaughter of

most of the men, and the

sale into

slavery of the

women and
:

children.

363.
369.
370.

tu

\Uv

like irdvTa in v. 367, refers chiefly to

women.
v. 167.

til:

'fairly,' 'justly,' 'duly.'

K 8' gXov
8* afi9'
:

as y/poj of the generalissimo, see

thereafter.'

on

'

and

372-379
330.
381.

= 12-16, 22-25.
:

irdXiv

as in v. 59, of place, 'back again.'

The

simplicity of the language

and thought guards

sufficiently
is

against obscurity, and

6

we

easily perceive that the subj. of <pi\o$ ?tev

it.

ytpwv or a word referring to

382.
(JeXos
:

sing,
01

used in collective sense.

Cf. v. 51

cf.

also Idnpv

XW,

v. 357.

In

8e vu \aol

and ra

5' i-rru>x iT0

Krj\a 6to?o,

we have good

examples of the demonstrative use of the article, the substantives being and they were appended as appositives ' and so (vu) they, the people
; :

'

'

ILIAD
speeding, shafts of a god.'
tive.

I.

I85
:

iir-oo-<rvrpoi
is

in form, a
d<r<ru-

double compara-

The

reg.

comp. from &yxi

aoaov, and to

(Aeolic for aaao-)

rtpot

is affixed.

384.

djijii

see Sketch of Dialect, 14,

:

1.
:

335.

Geoirpoirias

see on

v.

109
')

'EkcLtoio

nom."E<faTos

is

regarded

as a short form ('pet-' or 'nick-name

for 'Ekottj^JAoj, v. 370.

386.

irpuTos

i\6jj.t)v

'

was the
'

first

to urge.'

388.

i\irtCkT]<rev |iv3ov

uttered a threatening word,' the verse begin;

ning with spondees befits the portentous announcement

see G. 159,
r.,

for ace.

/j.v8oi>,

H. 547
:

d.

[6s].
:

390.
391.

ire'jrjrouo-i.

Translate

ing the other

(tV

&vclkti Apollo (cf. vv. 36, 75). But heralds have just gone forth from my tent lead8*')i the maiden, Briseus's daughter.'
'

are escorting.'

'

332.

ttjv [fr].

393.
Irjos
i)vs
:

irip(-<r\io [irepie'xou]

lit.

'

hold (thine arms) about,'

'

protect.'

an anomalous form; commonly explained as gen. of Horn. adj.

changed breathing, and translated 'brave.' If we acwe have here another instance of Homeric naivete (see on v. 244). But it is quite probable that the orig. form was eoto [00], gen. of possessive pron., and that this could orig. be used of all persons. Here it would mean 'thy.' 394. Aia A.io-ai final vowel lengthened before liquid, as in v. 233.
[aya96s] with

cept this rendering,

395. 336.
potaiv.

In-ti

'

by word
i.e.

'

<3yT)xas

aor.

from

dvivtyAi,

'

didst please.'

iraTpos:

Peleus.

Connect

<re'o

with

a/covcra; irarp6s

with

/te-ya-

'when thou wast saying not strictly necessary, depend upon the idea of saying implied in evxo^vT)s. when once upon a time.' 399. oiriro'rc 400. As the three deities here mentioned are the very ones who are most active in behalf of the Greeks, Zeus will be likely to aid the Trojans,
397.

oV()

&|>i](r9a:

'

as afivvat could

'

were

it

only to thwart their wish.

vir\vo-ao
:

401.

vw6,

'

from under the weight

of,'

for the deities are

thought of as having already laid hands on Zeus. p.aKpov 402. 5>\ [3>Ka] cf. Lat. ocior, oaus
:

'

long

'

in reference

and depth, lofty.' 403. When two names for the same object existed side by side, one was frequently referred to the speech of the gods the other to the speech
to height
'
;

B 813). The divine name is usually of clearer significance Briareus means Crusher (0piap6s). Alyaiwv may be traced back, through 047^7, to alyh, aiaaa), and probably means Rusher.'
of

men

(</.

'

'

'

404.

oi iraTpos
Ka(
:

patris sui, Poseidon

oS

is

gen. of possessive pron.

249,
'

compare *in meaning with xal in v. Notice the paronomasia in vir-fSftffav and tSrjacw.
406.

he

it

was whom.'

407.

Xa]& yoiwv: gen. of part taken hold of

(cf.

vv. 192, 323).

The

186
form yovvwv
yovva>v.
is

NOTES.
a simpler one than Attic yovaruy.
It consists of the

of the word, yovu-,

and the gen.

pi.

ending

-wv.

Out
v.
: '

of

stem yovFwv has come

The F is heard

before, instead of after,

irl Tpc&;o-<ri

403.

aX Kv irws tSeVgo-i

dpfjijcu
;
'

on the chance that he

may perhaps choose

409.
&.crai

to give aid to the Trojans

we have here an exam:

ple of the posterior condition (see on v. 67).

(from present

eiAe'cu,

stem

FeA-)

depends upon

ideKyiri.

Though a liquid stem, it takes the tense-sign a in 1 aor. The initial F accounts for the apparent hiatus aha sKaai, as also
syllabic

original

for the

augment

in 2 aor. pass. td\r)v (F6.\t\v).

:

410.

&iroKTi,vO(JL'vo\>3

here used as passive, though usually the pass.

of airoKTeiva) is represented by the proper tense of anoBvriaKw.

412.

[ori re]
. . .

see" on v.
:

244
'

&ti\v

'folly,' 'infatuation.'

413. 414.
415.
&irr|u.(ov

KaTtt

x.eov(ra

tmesis.

alvd

adv. with
[fl'8'

re/coDcra,

having brought thee forth to

2 aor.
'

my

woe.'

aXQ' 6<|>eXes
:

iife\]

perh. a kind of litotes

full

from bpei\a> dSaKpvros Kal of joy and happiness.'

;

416.

juvvvOa

adv. limiting eVri understood

:

iari

may be

translated

'continues.'

irep

as in v. 131

Stjv (orig. SFtjv)

lengthens a preceding

vowel.
418.
ir\o

(2

'therefore.'

'thou hast become.' aor. from WAo/noi) KaK D a ^H T* K v equivalent to o*Va reKovaa, v. 414.
: :

tu:

419. 420.
'

TOVTO

&ITOS
:

[rOVTO

TCI ?7TOs].

"OXt>|i.irov
ai'

the mountain in Thessaly

(cf.

v.

44),

not vaguely

heaven.'

'on the chance that

:
'

'

(see

on

v. 67). v.

421.
also

irapTip-evos

sitting near,'

with idea of inaction, as in

4S8

cf.

688, 694.
p.T

423.

Al0ioirnas

as in v. 222.

stream flowing around the earth.

pious folk
S. E.

The Homeric Okeanos is a great The Aethiopians are represented as a

on
v. 92.
{cf.

who
S.

dwell in two tribes on the edge of the earth's disk, to the

diivfiovas: see
acU>

and

W.
:

424.
v. 497).

xG 1?*' 5

kcitoI

though more conveniently translated as adv. SaiTa girovro [uttovto]. on ground of a feast.'
: '

426.

x a ^ K0 P aT ^s
{cf. v.

8(0

[5<2;ua]

' :

palace with bronze

threshold.'

The

palace of Zeus, as well as those of the other gods, was the work of

Hephaistos
427.
signification,

607).
:

yowdo-op.ai
'

has acquired the secondary meaning and transitive

beseech.'

428.

d-s(3T|crTo [oW/St?, cf.

'

133]

aor. with inflection of 2 aor

avrov
429.
430.
loth.*

there.'

vuvaiKOs

for case, see

on

v. 65.
jBi'j?,

dtKovTos: gen. dependent upon

'in despite of

him (though)

Do

not join the gen. with

:

airrivpaiv,

which takes a double ace.

43L

dvwv

appropriate word, because a hecatomb consisted of cattle.

ILIAD
43?.
iroXvPevOios
:

I.

187

from nom.

sing. iro\vf)fv6Tis.
v. 71).

_ Ivt6$
)

constantly

used

in

Horn, as a prep, (see on

i<rria

43P.

o-ra\cvro

'they took in their (force of midcl.

sails.'

For

pictorial representation of Horn, ship, see Horn. Diet.,

Pktc IV.
letting
it

434.

irpoTovouriv vxfwVres [2 aor. ptc. vcp-tiwi]

' :

down by

(slacking off) the fore-stays.'

43?.
436.

tt|V

i.e.
'

vavv

irpoepccro-av

from wpo-epeWaj.

mooring-stones,' large stones serving the purpose of anchors, to which ropes were attached. KareSr]o-av 'bound fast.' The
vvas:
:

vessel
'

was anchored, bow toward the

ttI ptryjAivi
is
: '

sea,

by the

ei/val.

The

trpvnv!]<Tia,

stern-cables,' kept the stern close to shore.

437.

frango)
fJaivov

seen

in

the effect of the orig. initial F of fayfuvt (Fp-iiyvu/j.1, the lengthening of the preceding vowel by position
:

were disembarking,
large

i.e.

one after another.

This
(it

is

the descrip-

tive ipf.

Notice, in vv. 437-9, three examples of tmesis.

433.
dactyl)

The
is

noticeable.

number of spondees in this verse The slow movement of the

contains only one

it

line suggests that

describes the debarkation of the most important person.

La Roche says

that the spondees are appropriate to her slow motion along the plank,

and the dactyl

440.

to her spring
:

from

its

end

rl Pujjlov

for her restoration

was out

of fear of the god, not

from any love

441.

for her father.

tWci [Mdei].
irpo
p.'

442
443.
444.
of result.

ircp(rcv
:

'

sent

me

forth.'
(cf.

a-y(iv [yei']

inf.

primarily of purpose

v. 8),

incidentally

sign.

l\a<rop.X0a aor. subj. from i\d<riconat, with shortened moodSec Sketch of Dialect, 17. he received with jov.' 446. tSeijaTo \aipo>v kXcittjv famous.' 447. 4>iXtjv see on v. 20
:

'

'

445.
440.

65CITJ9

'in order (of size).'

:

xe?vhJ/avTo

x t P v ^VTOfLai
' '

l%

used for washing hands aloud 450. iwydXa

:

ov\o-xvto.s

a denominative from x*P vl tyi water (dAe'co, x<) 'scattered barley.'

'
:

'

in praying, stretched

[cf. vv. 35, 351) x r P a ivao^wv the Greek, forward and upward the hands with upturned palms.
:

451, 2
453.

=
T|(xi7

37, 38.
. . .

i\S(l): correlative,

'

as

explanatory of

e/cAues.

Very

likely in prose

V. 454 is added as so.' wc should have had two par.

ticiples, e.g. Tt/xTio-as, l^dufros, instead of the indicatives {i)ri/ji^<rat, ityao,

without conjunctions.
English,

Wc

often have such

explanatory sentences in

shown

to

be subordinate, not by a conjunction, but, as here, by

lower tone of voice.

being uttered
4"6.

in a

<]St]vvv:
etfa.vTo
:

'

now

forthwith.'

458.

of silent prayer, contrasted with nyd)C

tCx^Ot

v. 450.

188
irpopaXovTo
:

NOTES.
each one of those

who

participated in the sacrifice threw

some

of the ovAoi
:

upon the

victim's head.

The order

of sacrifice

follows

The hands were washed and

the sacrificial barley

was as was raised

Then, after silent prayer, the head of the from the earth (v. 449). victim was sprinkled and the forelock cut off and burned (Odyssey, 7 446). These were preliminary rites the victim's head was now drawn back and the chief person present, king or father of family, slew and Then the thigh-bones were cut out and covered up with two flayed it. layers of fat. Slices of meat from other parts of the carcass were laid upon them, and the whole was burned with libations of wine as the portion of the gods, who were supposed to be cheered by the savor (kvio-t), vv. 66, 317) which rose toward heaven. The following may 459. aiipva-av [aveipuffav] aor. from avcpvw. have been the succession of forms by which we arrive at that in the text: the unaugmented, apocopated form would be avFepvcrav, assimilation
:
:

gives aFFipvaav,
460.

the loss of one F leaves a.F(=av)(pv<rav.

. .

Kara

KciXv\|/av

'

covered up

close.'

461.
462.
463.

8irrvxa

ace

sing. fern, agreeing with Kviai\v understood.

:

<rxi?is [o-x'fcts]

from nom.
'

sing. ffxK"(ireVre, 60e\us) on which the were placed for roasting. merely symbolical partaking was
'

ireu/irw^oXa

large

five-tincd forks
')

vitals ((TirK&yxva., 'heart, liver, lungs

464.

tTclo-avTo: 'tasted of;'

this

followed by the actual feasting, Baivwro

465.

(v.

468).
ijxij>

T&AXa
'

'

the remainder
it

'

of the victims
spits,'
i.e.

oj&Xota-i 8ir-

pav:

lit.

spitted (so that

;

was) about
(from the

'transfixed with spits.'

466.
467.

tpvo-avTO

'drew
:

off

spits).'

tstukovto

redupl. 2 aor. from revxw.

' :

463.
share.'

8cutos eurTjs eSiiicTO [eSetro]

fail

of the equal

(i.e.

fairly divided)

469.
for food

e 'ipov 'ivro [rbv

epwra

(t))v ops^iv) i^ui/ro]

'dispelled the desire

and

drink.'
:

470. 7rTTi|/avTo orig. meaning of tirio-Tefiopai is 'fill full;' hence construed with gen. of material. A later derived meaning is crown.' From the word in this sense comes ffTf/xfiara, v. 14.
'

471.

vi>\LT\Tav:

from vufxdw,

'distribute.'

Sewas, 'drinking-cup,'

was

went about, pouring as they went a few drops into each cup, tirdpxr8ai Seirdtao-i, which the receiver immediately poured out as a libation to the gods. Then the cups were filled for chinking, the wine being clipped out with the irpSxoosA fuller description of
held by each guest.
Kovpoi

The

the whole ceremony

'

is

given in Odyssey,

y 340
'

!irapd(MV<H

hrt,

successively

'

for all the guests; aptdnti/oi,

having made the hallowed

But the 'hallowed beginning' was to pour a little wine, as above described, into each cup. The dat. Seirde<r<n may accordingly be
beginning.'

taken as local,

'

in the cups,' or as dat. of

advantage, for the action was

performed

'

for the cups.'

ILIAD
472.
473. 474.
uo\ir[j: includes

I.

189

song and dance.

irai.T|Ova [iraiava].

KaXov

[/caAaiy]

ue.Wovres 'Ekj.P70v: 'hymning Hekaergos (Apollo);' for epithet, here a proper name, see on v. 147 (ppe'va: ace of specification.

any twilight

'came over them;' there is scarcely 'darkness,' comes on rapidly. 476. They slept, not on board the ship, but on the shore, near which (sec on v. 436) the ship was moored.
475.
^irl
.

?|\0ev:

'came

on,'

in

Greece, so that

ievt<pas,

477.

^ipi--yvcia

'

early-bora.'
cf.

The

first

part of the

word contains the

root of Engl, 'early;'

'Htis
["Ett>sj
:

Grk. apurrov, Germ. Friih-stuck : 'early meal.'

\url
see on v. 222.

'Morning-red,' 'Aurora.'
' ;

478. 479.

dvd-yovTO

put to sea.'
:

1'kjx:vov \ik6(jhvov\

2 aor. ptc.
:

without connecting vowel and with

' '

change of breathing. The meaning is a coming 'favorable' wind (cf. Lat. vcntum secundum).
4S0. 431.
crrrjo-avTo Ij-tov
v
. . .

wind,

i.e.

'

following,'

'set

up

their

mast (see on

ffreiKavro, v. 433).
'

irpijo-e air,

'blew

into.'

and

is

used of
is

water,

fire.

The root irpa- means to The common form of the

'

spurt forth,'
prs. in Attic
u;juj>i

prose 482.
the

iriftirpripi,

with the meaning

spurt forth

fire,'

'

burn.'

adv. 'roundabout.'
oreipi]
:

local dat. 'at the stem.'

The thought
wop<pu;>ov
is,
:

is

of the boiling

of the water seen at the stem, rather than caused by the stem.

Of course
dis-

two ideas are closely connected.

vtjos

used with no
gen. absol.

tinct notion of
:

any particular color; the meaning

orig.

'boiling,' 'swelling.'
if
'

gen. with artlpri, yet naturally translated as

:

483.
irtpdw).

SiairpTJo-o-ovo-a

meaning

of Trpaaa-u

is

pass over,'

(irtpas,

This passage illustrates the transition to the later common meaning accomplish see also r 14 Kara v;xa fer undam. 484. Ka-rd errpardv opposite the encampment.'
'

; '

'

485.

ipucro-av [ftputrav].
vtto
:

486.
'

adv. 'underneath.'

2p|iaTa

uaicpd

'long shores,' it.

props.'

487.

to-KfSvavTo [ia-KeSavvwro]
u^jyic
:

'

began to disperse.'

488. 489.

see on v. 247.
vl- is

vlos

to

be scanned short

TOS

is

often found, in inscrip-

tions, for vl6s.

490.

iraiXe'-tTK-ETO, <j>0i-vv-9--o-K, iroBc'-c-o-Ke [ViroiAe?, icpBelpiro, iir6-

0a]

for these iteratives see

Sketch of Dialect,

25.

KuSi&veipav

'hero-ennobling,' elsewhere always epithet of fiaxy491.

irT(5A.euov
:

last

vowel lengthened by the ictus

of <p(\os, referred to in v. 20,
is

<}>\ov
is

K^p

ace. of specification.

The use

especially

frequent
493.

when
i< tou>

the adj.
:

joined with parts of the body.

'

thenceforth,' ut. since the interview with Thetis.

494.

fcrav [peaav].

190
495.

NOTES.
X^0T [iire\av6dvero]
i$tT\uwv
:

gen.

pi.
:

from
359

i<ptrfi-fi.

496.

d\V

4j

7(f)

like

<5

5e, v. 191

dveSvcrcTo

for form, see

is

on

v.

428;

here followed by ace, whereas aviSv in gen. of separation.

it is

v.

followed by

497.

ovpavov

ace. of limit of motion,

cf. v.

240.

498.

tipvorra: 'far-thundering,'

compounded

of eiipvs
frrsp

Lat. vox).

This form

is

ace.

sing. 3 decl.

H. 551. and ity (F(tys dXXuv [x^P's T "

162,
3,

&\\wv]
590. 501.

avToio

gen. with adv. of place irdpoi8{e), G. 182,

vir

H.

589.

SeJjiTtpfj [5e|iaJ

dvOepewvos

'

underneath the

chin,' a

prim-

itive suppliant gesture.

503.

ovTjo-a

'

helped.'

Cf. v. 395.

hemistich of this verse and of v. 41 are identical. 505. wicujiopuTOTos &XA.UV 'swiftest of fate as compared with others,' gen. after superlative on the same principle as that by which comparatives
last
:

504

The

govern gen.
raros
irdvTaiv.

Regular would have been uKvp-optorepos &\Kwv or

wKv/xopii-

506.

firXeTG-

dTdp vvv yt: 'he was already; but now'

titov
'

in addition.

507
503.

356:

<rv irtp |uv

do thou
'
:

at least (if

Agamemnon

has heaped

disgrace upon him) honor him;' yet see on v. 131.

509.
flij>p'

cttitWci KpdTos Tpo6<r<ri

[ecus &v].

bestow might upon the Trojans.'

&v

510.

tCxwo-iv,

6(j)tXX(i)<riv

subjunctives after temporal conj. where the

G. 239, 2, H. 758 ocpeWaxrtv i magnify him with honor.' 511. Zeus is silent, because to give his promise would excite Hera's many Latin masc. substs. of 1 decl. e.g. ve^eX-TryeptTa [-t7/s] wrath.
designation of time
: '

is

indefinite.

Tififj

poeta, pirata,
irtipdrris

do not add
s
'

in the

nom.

sing.

Cf. the

Greek

ttoitittis,

512.
513.

us
'x

as
:

so.'
fast.'

T' *p-'T4)VuIa
:

'held on clinging
into.'

ifxir^pvuta (2 pf. ptc.

from
time,'

ifupvco)

lit.

'having grown

Sewrepov afins: 'again a second

like irdXiv avris,

an example of Homeric fulness of expression

Kardvevo-ov
is

276.

514.

signification

the head.

The word of opposite 'assent,' lit. 'nod down.' avavevw 'refuse by a nod', lit. 'nod up,' i.e. toss back This motion is still the ordinary sign of negation in Greece
:

and
prep

in

515.

southern Italy (Magna Graecia). orig. form was air6 dirccvir(e)

:

Fetire

hence the

final

vowel of
on
v.

is

not elided.

Cf

it elSu
lit.

oii
'

toi

?.ti 8'os is

(e*T SFeos, see

thee.'

33): 'thou hast naught to fear,' need not fear to refuse, for there

there

no fear upon

Z.us

is

no power higher than himself which

can punish him

for neglecting Thetis's prayer.

ILIAD
616.
8r<rov [8<roi']
:

I.

191
would have
nearly equal

the dat. of measure of difference, 8<ry,

given the same sense as the ace. of extent

to iv train (rf
v. 575),

jwru

irio-iv

or to part. gen. iravroov.

517.

6y6r\<ra.s- 'vexed.'

518.
the

Xoivia

'ipya- (sc. tcrrai)

'there will be sad doings.'

8 re

Koiyia.

has

same root

as Lat. lugco
:

= on re

'

in that

'

(sec

on

vv. 120,

244, 412)

<j> ^l <rcis

^ ut -

fr

tyiyfu-

519.

ep(3r\tri:

520.
[ad].

from ipiBu [epedifa]. Kal aSTws: 'even as it is,' 'even now' (see on
'
:

v.

i33).___aUv

522.

&it6o-tix

depart,' 2 aor. imv.

:

from

airoirrelxo-

523.
524.

[leX^trtrai [yueAijo-et]
ci 8'

cf. cfxol /xe\-f)trerat

with Lat. mi/ii erit cura.

&yt

see on v. 302.
:

'for not anything of mine can 526. ov -yap l/ibv iraXivd-ypeTov, kt\ or ren/xup might be be recalled or can deceive or can fail of fulfilment supplied with e/i6v, 'not any pledge of mine,' etc.
; '

528.

Translate

dark eyebrows.'
probably means the
529.
ujxJ3p:So-i(u
:

Kronion spoke and nodded assent to her with his Kpovlwv [KpoviSris] patronymic from Kp6vos, which
'

'fulfiller' (npaivu).

whatever belongs to the gods

Acn. I, 403.-^ waving forward.' adds the idea that the motion of the hair corresponded with the nod to his nod.' we might translate 530. Kpards (gen. from nom. Kaprj) 'from his head.' Distinguish
dwellings
is

utensils, clothes,

'immortal.'

Cf. ambrosiae comae, Vergil,

iircppuiravTO (from -po/uu, a derivative

from

pc'a>)

'fell

'

from Kparos, 'strength.'

cXeXi(jcv

'shook,'

'made

tremble.'

The

three

verses 52S-530 are said by Strabo to have suggested to Phidias the conception of his greatest work, the statue of Zeus in the temple of Olympia.
531.

povXevo-avTe 8i-p,a-ycv [PovXeuffd/xevoi]

'

dual subj. with

is

pi.

verb,

translate:

took counsel and separated.'

The form

2 aor. pass,

from
cf.

-fx-fiyw (rinry- Tjuoy-

rtixvw).

being a strengthened form of the root r^a- ran-, Sec Sketch of Dialect, 23, 1.
:

2 aor. from aWo/xai, Lat. salio, with smooth breathing. consonant a accounts for the apparent hiatus, and would naturally have been represented by the rough breathing. Z:ts sc. I'jStj, suggested by the motion implied in cAto. Zeus's 533. dwelling b thought of as near the summit of Olympus. His interview

532.

&Xto

The

lost

with Thetis has taken place at a lower level, cr on another peak of the mountain.
534. of
all

rrarpoz
the

not to be taken
deities,

Olympian

but

literally,

for Zeus was not

title

the father

rather as a
:

Lrtpuvre Oeuv re) cnpoO [a-iperepov] which it closely resembles in form {rf oZ
the hardihood.'

rf.

[rf. war^p meaning with oZ in v. 404, <rFov and o-tpov) ?tXtj had

of

honor

in

'

'

192
535.
dvTioi ?orav
:
'

NOTES.
rose up and went to meet.'
as

The

signs of defer-

ence are the same

536.

among gods
:

among men.
fail

oiS |uv fjYv<H Tl (r *v

'

nor did she

to recognize him,'

i.e.

'

she recognized him right

prolepsis.
\T]\f/is,

well.'

We

have here an example of

Prolepsis,
lit.

litotes
'

and and

For

litotes,

see on v. 220.

'anticipation

(np6-

irpo-\a,u@dvai), is the introduction of a

word

earlier in the sentence

than would naturally be expected.

ing.'

It is esp. freq. after

riyvoiriatv,

verbs of 'know-

Here

fj.iv

is

introduced as obj. of

instead of the clause

:

'on crv/xcppdffcraTo standing as object.

Cf

the example in the Gospels

of,
'

'

knew

thee that thou wert a hard man,' instead

knew

that thou wert.'

'

Cf

also,

from the Merchant of Venice (Act

learned Bellario,
538. 539.

how he
:

writes.'

It is

iv., Sc. 1) : You hear the easy to see that prolepsis adds

vividness to narrative.
aXioio -vepovros
KepToju'onri
:

the
pi.

'

old

man

of the sea

'

was Nereus.

ntr.

as substantive, yet, in v. 582, iireecat is

supplied.

540. 541.
(<rot),

tis

&' ail (5tj,

a3)

'

who now
v.

again
:

eovra (and (ppovtovra,

542)

the subj. of
the

inf. Sj/caj^u*"-

<re, suggested by dat. rot This SiKa(tfxv means 'decide,' 'rule,'

join with

aa

wc use
542.

word
:
:

of a judge or referee.
ntr. pi. of adj.

KpvTTTuSia

used as cogn. ace. after

adj. in Horn.,

(ppoviovra.

543.

irpo^pwv

always used as pred.

voT)<rns [0 av voiiaris].
:

and hence best

:

translated as adv. (see on v. 39).

deigned.'

Translate with TerATj/cas

'

hast kindly

om
I, v.

544.

i7CtTi]p

uvSpwv re Oiwv tc
65.
[eftreerflat]
:

Cf.

divum pater alque hominum

rex,

Verg. Aen.
546.

tlST|tmv

fut. inf.

classed with olSa; see Sketch of Dia: '

lect, 24, 4, d.

x a^,ro '
sc. rj

TOt 2tovt[o]

they

(fivdoi) shall

be hard for

thee (to know).'

547. 543.
faruuefe:
iirtvra.: 'then,' 'in

that case.'

De\ci>}u: this

old form of subj.

sg. occurs

eleven times in the

Horn, poems.
553.
|rfj

ti

...

juTttXXa: 'do not be inquiring at

all

about each one

ravra
is

of these things, nor seek to

know them/

Instead of rovrov, which should

the ntr.
pi.

properly be the antecedent of ov

(v. 549),

used,

because ov
551.

is

a general relative.
:

Powtus
iroicv

'

large-eyed.'

" Hera's eyes are likened to those of an

ox or

heifer in respect to size, fulness,

:

and majestic calm " (Ameis).

552.

predicate;
?
'

lit.

'thou hast spoken this [t6v) word as what

oZrds lariv ov Hicis
in

sort of a saying

=
is

iroTos 6 fxvQos

553.

Notice the Greek idiom (also usual

French and German) by

which the present

the perfect.

used with an adv. of time, where the English uses and certainly heretofore, at least, I have not Translate
:

'

asked

(lit.

'do not ask') nor sought to know.'

G. 200, N.

4.

ILIAD
654.
555.

I.

193

&T<r 9&T)ar0a [a &v

SctSoiica
:

tdt\T)s].

gamma
533
a nod.'
55).

compensation for a dino longer written StSFottca (see on v. 33). t j <r otjt Karavtioui I think that thou didst confirm to her by
the
first

syllable lengthened in

'

Ti;iTJ<rjjs:

for subj., G. 216,

H. 739
'tis

iroXtas [noWovs]

notice

synizesis.

561.
(adj.

8ai;xovCT),
Sa'tfiwy)

aUl
:

\il/
'

itizi: 'Perverse,

always
' ;

think.'

Hcufioviii

from

lit.

under influence of a god

generally,

though not

always, in bad sense, 'infatuated,' 'miserable.'

Notice variation in

quantity between

sound
562.

of this
ttiro

and oieat. Notice also the musical, flowing verse, made so by its many vowels.
oi'ct,

v. 558,

Ovjiov

prepositional phrase used in the predicate as equiva-

lent to adj. airodvfiios.

564.

Tovr'
:

' :

this,' i.e.

my

present course of conduct

I

tjiol

(xeXXci

<}>Xov elvai

i.e. it

will

be because

choose to have

it

so.

In this passage

we have

a striking example of anthropomorphism; the gods are depicted

simply as stronger men.

inquisitiveness and

Zeus is an angry husband vexed provoked thereby to arbitrariness.

:

at his wife's

C63.

xP a ' :r JLwa lv
' l

construed with ace. lovra

'

(sc. ifj.4)
(lit.

and

dat. of adi.e.

vantage toj
against
567.

(<rot)

translate:

keep

me

off

from

for) you,'

'avail

my
'

assault.'

i$ilj>

[tyw]

2 aor. subj.

from

icplrj/n

ddirrous

lit.

'

not to be

touched,'

resistless.'
[4k6.97)to\.

569.
570.

KaOtjoro

6\9r\<rav [oxOe'a]

orig. a possessive adj.

'were indignant' (cf. v. 517). OvpavCcovts inhabitants of heaven.' from Oupavos. Translate
: :

'

572.
573.
586).

inl ?ipa
it is
:

fyip-.iv

'

offer pleasing service

4vl belongs with <pe'pav,

from which

separated by tmesis.
'

avexTd,

endurable,' properly verbal adj. from ovf'xo/uoj

(cf. v.

574.

HvtKo. 6v)yru>v

'
:

in

behalf of mortals,' with a certain contempt as

575).
(lit.

contrasted with 4v
575.

0(o7<ri (v.

KoXiobv tXavvTov: 'raise

r|8os
:

'drive') a din.'

576.

(root Fa5- of avtidvw, ifivs)

(v.

shows the same

>

loss of
'

rough

breathing as aA.ro

532)

tu
is

\tptCova. [to

mistic expression for 'discord

among

the

x ft P ova Ta X^P'A euphegods.' The article (rd) appears

(cf. vaptlirri,

here to be used exactly as

577.
555)irapu<j>r]'Ai
:

usual in Attic Greek.

v.

'talk over (to one's views),' 'advise'

rapa!^ 'confound.' [veiicr)] o-vv The apodosis, for suppose he choose ' tCmp -yup k' 9eX-)<ri he can do it,' or some equivalent expression, is suppressed (aposiodoTtpoirnWis noun formed directly from aartpesis, see on v. 135).
579.
vhkht]o-i
.
. .

530.

'

'

194
povfi,
'

NOTES.
lightning,'

by the
'

suffix -rrjs

denoting the actor.

Cf., in

meaning,

Lat. fulminator.

581.

i%

kiiw
;

from the places where we

'

sit

'

(i.e.

from our abodes),

used like imv.,

as in v. 534 the word for seat is eSpa, not e5os. 582. Ka9iirro-9ai 'approach,' address; for
' :
'

'

inf.

cf.

V. 20.

583.

VXaos [Aes].
87ras umpiicvireXAov
:

cup which may be used as bowl. No such forms are found, however, among ancient cups which have come down to us, and Schliemann has suggested that a/Kpi- may refer to the two handles, one on each side. He would translate two-handled,' or perh. two535.
adj. usually explained as describing a

of hour-glass shape, the base of

'

'

mouthed.'
586.
TrXa9i
:

2 pf.

imv. from stem r\a-, G. 124, H. 409 D,

translated,

10.

This

imv. with avaffx^o

587. 588.
131-

may be
: '

Patience
'

and bear up,

eyes.'

lest,' etc.

v 6i}>8aX(xoiri

in

my

sight,'

befcre

my

For force of
xpair|ieiv ti
:

irep

in this verse, as in vv. 577

and

586, see

on

v.

583.
is
,

'to

ward

off

anything' (from you,

sc. <roi).

This
v. 566.

the same construction as that in

v. 28,

but different from that in

'to cope with,' lit. 'to bear one's self against;' the depends upon the adj. apyaKeos. 590. rtrayuv: redupl. 2 aor. ptc. of a defective verb, the stem of which, ray-, is probably the same as of Lat. ta(n)go, Eng. touch{?) I flew,' lit. 'was carried along.' 592. (pspdjATrv

avrupiptoOat

infin.

'

593.
\(vnv\.

Kttirireo-ov

by apocope and assimilation from

Kareirtffov.

kv^ev

284).

Lemnos was the dearest of all lands to Hephaistos (Odyssey, The extinct volcano, Mosychlos, explains the association of HeSivriES
(ffivofiai,
'

phaistos with this island.

594.
itants of

injure

')

name

of

marauding
'

tribe, early inhab-

Lemnos.
iraiSbs tStjaro \t\.pl
:

536.

may be
is:

translated

took from her son in

her hand;' but a better rendering

cf.

'received at the hand of her son,'

186.

Thus

x'pi wtuSdj j s simply a fuller expression for weu5/: 'at

the hand of her son,' instead of 'from her son.'

597.
598.
that
it

evStjjia:

adv. ace, passing 'towards the right.'

:

wvox^ei
'

the orig. meaning of the verb has been so far extended

nectar,' instead of
'

means was pouring

vupTo
:

was pouring wine

vpvvfju.

; '

cf.

the Engl, expression 'brass and/r<wj\' 539.

600.

syncop. 2 aor. with intrans. signif. from

:

irowrvvovra

intensive

form from stem

irvv- (pres. irvcw)

with a

strong reduplication-syllable,
632.

not-.

8aiTbs

tt<rn.s
:

see on v. 468.
'

604.

&|iiB4|uvai

answering one another,'

'

responsively.'

ILIAD
605.
ou>
:

I.

195
icaTffiv

ovrdp

correlative to ptv, v. 601

Xajnrpov

<J>aos

^eXC-

'the sun's bright light sank.'

606.

KaKKfovTs

by apocope and assimilation from KaraKtiovres,

ptc.

of KaraKelw, a parallel

form
lie

to /coro/cei/uoj, but
rest.'
:

which has taken on a future

sense.

Translate: 'to
diMpcyv^jcis

clown to

607.

(a.fj.<pi

and

yvTou)

'strong alike in either arm,'

ap-

propriate epithet of Hephaistos, as indicating that he was ambidextrous,

i.t.

able to use one hand as well as the other.

LSvtflO-i irpairCSto-o-t

608.

[ddviats <ppeaiv\
rest.'

'with wise mind.'

l'i<avoi
:

610.
611.

Koi(xd0'

'was wont to

8tc

opt.

in temporal

clause implying a general condition referring to past time.

xPv<r<^P0V0S

articles of use or

ornament

of the

Olympian

deities

are ordinarily represented as of gold.

BOOK SECOND.
Brjra
8'

oveipov e%et> arfoprjv,

/cal vfja<; apidfiei.

Beta the dream and synod cites ; and catalogues the naval knights.
1. Translate Oeoi and avepes as appositives of &W01 others, both gods and heroes.' 'nnro-Kopva-rat lit. equipped with horses,' i.e., as horses were used in war only to draw chariots, 'fighting from chariots.'
: ' '
:

2.

iravvvxiot
fast,'

adj. translated as adv., see

on

424

ovk i\t: 'did

not hold

i.e.

his sleep did not continue

unbroken throughout the

it

entire night
4.

{cf.
:

611).

TijiTJo-T)

deliberative subjunctive, not changed to opt. as

[i]ntp/j.ripie.

might
I

naturally have been after the secondary tense,

tion in the direct

Zeus's ques-

form would have been

c.

irws
:

ripsaw ;

'

How

can

hon-

or?

'

G. 256, H. 720
f]8e:

iroXe'as

[iroWovs]

synizesis.
inf. tiwrtntyai,

5.

subject of <paivero anticipating the

but attracted

from
6.

ntr. to fern,

by the pred. noun

:

fiovKrj.

o\ov (vKKvpi)

'baleful.'

7
8.

201.
t'9t
:

pdc-K
p.d\'

'

Up

go
:

'

/Science

refers

more

to the start,

I81

to the goal.

10.

dTpKws

'

very exactly.'

rpeK-,

the radical syllable

of

a-rpeK-tws,

is

identical with torq-, the radical syllable of torqueo.

'

Thus
d-yo-

the adv. means,

pct;iv
:

not twisted (from the truth),' 'unswervingly.'

inf.

for imv.
Kupt| ko|i6<ovts
:

11.

[avr6v].

'letting

mark
12. 13.

of frce-bom Greeks, in distinction

ndprj is ace. of specification.
irav<rv8fr| (atvu)
oi>
'
:

the hair grow long,' a from Orientals, who shaved their

heads,

with

all haste.'
d|i<|>ls

irdXiv evpvd-yviav
<}>pdi;ovT<u
:

i.e.

Troy.

-yap

'in

[o-jk4ti yap].

'are

diversely

minded.'
14.
fityrt)

iviYvaptytv XKro-o|AtvTi
to her

'hath bent them by her prayers

frccibus inftexit.

(Xcercro-

wish

(eVi),' cf. Lat.

15.
'

!<j>tjirTai

(3 sg. pf.

pass,

from amw)

lit.

'are fastened

to,'

it.

hang

over,'

'

impend upon.'

ILIAD
19.
d|iPp6(rios
:

II.

197
of Ppor6s, which $ being a strengthening Hence jSporo'r, not nPporSs,
7,

compounded
/j.

of o priv.

and the stem

is nop-, ixpo-,

identical with that of Lat. mor-ior,

letter,

before which

disappears
N.
1.

if

initial.

but &/x$puTos.
kc'xvto
:

G.

14,

See also Sketch of Dialect,

is

plupf.
Nr]\T)ta)

from x[NrjAei'w]
:

20.

the adj.

here the precise equivalent of a

poss. gen. NtjAjcds.

21.

ytpovrwv:

whole depend;?
thought will

is the partitive word upon which this gen. of the might seem natural to answer naAto-ra, but a little suggest that the word denoting the part must be of the same

What
It

gender, and usually the same part of speech, as the gen. of the whole.

Here
22.

the partitive

word
is

is

r6v

[ov].

juv

connect with

irpo<Tt<pr).

leto-afievos

'
:

having likened him-

self to.'

The form

aor. ptc.

midd. from

elSo/jiai,

and the

dat. T<p de-

pends upon it. For e prefixed, see on A 306. 23. Verses 23-25 will be found easy to turn into English hexameters; see Essay on Scanning, 8. For a Lat. version, cf. Verg. Aen. IV, 560, Kate dea, potes hoc sub casu ducere somitos ? Cf. also Silvius Italicus, iii. 172, Turpc duci, somno tolam consumere noctem. 24. iravvuxiov see on v. 2.
:

25.

lTiTTpa<paTai [iiriTeTpan/Atvoi
4;is9ev

eiVi]

3 pi.

26.

[eV
'

'']

vvs (2 aor. imv.

pf. pass, from rptirw. from awirim) lit. 'put

:

to-

gether,' hence
it

apply the mind to any object,'

8 [yap]

'

perceive,'

'

hearken.'

Here
G.

takes the gen. Ifntdev as a word of mental action, see on

2, II.

273.

171,

576

for parataxis, sec on

5.

28-32=ii-i5.
34.
ey.'

|i\t4>pwv: 'honey-hearted,'
AvT)T) [avfj]
:

2 aor. subj.
:

35.
36.

ttir3TJ<rTo [oW/St;]

i.e. 'whose heart's core from avit)ni. see on A 428.

{<pp4\v) is

hon-

tA: cognate ace. with

ntr. pi. subj.

<f>poveovra

'

JjicMov: notice

with //. verb.

pi.

pondering those thoughts.' ^~ This is not uncommon in

here be found, in that there

Horn., but a special reason for the

may
'

would have been a certain ambiguity had the sing. e/xtAAt been employed. It would then have been possible to read, which he was not destined to accomplish whereas the translation is, 'which were not destined to be
;

'

accomplished.'
37.
<}>f)
:

lit.

'

he

said,' ie.

'

he hoped,'

syllabic verbal forms in Horn,

he expected.' All long monohave the circumflex accent {cf. Sketch of

'

Dialect, 15,

1).

38.

ijSt]

[p5ei],

cVy 01

to

Dot h these words belongs initial

F,

hence
f>a

the hiatus before each

(apa) hints at the

is

only apparent

The

inferential particle

knowledge which the reader (hearer) possesses

It

of the

subsequent course of the war.

alas
I

may be

translated with o: 'which,

'

Cf

8v

j>a

in v. 21

'

whom,

of course.'

I98
39.

NOTES.
Notice not only that eV/ and Qfoeiv are written separately in this The verb is the same
-yap
:

verse, but also that the prep, follows its verb.

which was employed in Thetis's prayer, A 509 the arsis by the ictus.
40.

a lengthened in
not causal.

Sid io-pivas

'

throughout the conflicts

; '

Sia

is

local,

41.
op<j>r|
'
:

tvpeTo (sync. 2 aor.

'

a divine voice.'

from iydpw, 'arouse'): 'he awoke.' QtCr\ shed itself about him,' i.e. dpjpe'xvTo (xw)
:

'

rang
42.

in his ears.'

Verses 42-46 are interesting as describing

how

the

Homeric hero
paXa,K6v
(cf.

dresses himself.
6p0o9ts
:

He
;
'

sleeps,
'

it

appears, without clothing upon his body.

of wool.
in

reflexive,
'

having raised himself upright.'

Lat. mollis)

soft

the tunic

was

43.

Notice the force of midd. voice

tiXeTO in follg. vv.
Se, v. 43,

PaMtro, 'put on his;'

also in
final

48r)<raTo, fiaKero,

Notice the lengthening of a

short vowel in

and

vtt6, v. 44,

before follg. liquid, which was,

doubtless, doubled in pronunciation.

accented part of the foot, which

quantity.
45.

fact,

These vowels both stand in the alone, would account for their
hilt.'

apyupdi^Xov
&(|>0itov deC

'

with silver-studded

46.

'

ever-abiding,' both as the

work

of Hephaistos,

and

as conferred for a perpetual possession on the house of Pelops

101).

(cf. v.

48.
49.

*H<&s ["Eos]

'

Znvl <J>6a>s ept'ovTa to announce the day.'

50.
52.
Ki)pvKta-<ri

' came to.' r irpo<re|3rJ0-TO ' to tell the light to Zeus,' [Ail (pus ipovaa]
: :

i.e.

KcXcwra

KeKevu in Attic Greek always takes the ace.

toL

01
It,*

\iv, sc.

KripvKfs.
:

(= 01)

Si, sc.

'Axaioi-

53.
54.
i.e.,

[/caflt'^To]
:

'was holding

its sitting.'

Nearop^T)

adj. is equivalent to Hivropos, the gen. sing, of

noun,
is

'the Nestorian ship' equals 'the ship of Nestor.'

/WtAf/oj

ap-

positive of the Httrropos thus implied (see on v. 20).

For Nestor, the

of Tlvkoi,

wise king of Pylos, see

locative case of ITiJaoj,
55.
tial

247 follg.
yev-.
:

IlvXoivevfos

compound

and stem
BovXt|v
;

irvKiirf|v T|pTi)vTo
is
'

callidum struebat consilium.

'

The

essen-

idea of -kvkvos

firm

'

hence

sound,'
:

'

wise.'

56.
%\0oi>,
'

kXvt
in

2 aor.

my

sleep.'

imv

^vvirviov
:

best taken as adv. ace. limiting

night,' not necessarily
v. 40).

Sid vvkto,

'

through the

all night,

but implying a protracted vision (see on

:

57.
58.

pdXi<rra dy^KTra

lit.

'

most
:

nearest,' a
'

double superlative.
size,
lit.

ctSds T pt-yESos rt <J>v^v re

appearance,
;

and form.'
'

elSos

refers

more

to the exterior
:

semblance
of

<pvt)

means
(cf.

'growth,'
irp6s

build.'

59.

pi irpotr&iirev

compounds

07?ju/

and

tlirov

with
84).

always take

the ace, not the dat, of the person addressed

ly

60-70 23-33. Notice that messages are repeated the form in which they were first given.

in

Horn, in exact-

ILIAD
71.
diro-irTdfivos
:
!

II.

199
stem of which appears
for
in

2 aor. ptc. of irero/tai, the

three forms
72.

irtT-, irre-, irrn-.

:

8wpT|5o|JLev

aor. subj.

For form, see on A 141

mood, see on
is

67.
73.
t\

G^jus ktrrCv

'

as

is

right.'

The antecedent
rel.
Oe'juis

of the rel. pron.

the idea contained in vfip^a-ofiat, but the

is

fern,

instead of ntr. on
v. 5).

account of the influence of the prcd. noun

74.
crvv vt\v<rC
:

(see

on

'

with the ships,' which are thought of as being taken

itoXvkXV|ixi
:

along like companions..

K\r]is [ic\e(s], Lat. clavis,

'

with

many
'

rowlocks.'

The
it

was a hook used

in

pushing open the bolt of a

rude

door.

Then, from the resemblance of

to

this

key

'

to a rowlock,

comes
75.

mean

'

rowlock.'
:

ipr\Tfinv

inf.

for imv.
i.e.
'

&Mo0v &Wos

'one from one point,

another from another,'

76.
77.

from many different touti 8' &v<rrr] see on A 68. ^inaGoevros gen. from 7i[a\fj.a86ets.
:

points.'

This and the follg. verse are conventional formulae, always fol78. lowed by a speech. iv-<r4irco from stem treir-, unaugm. 2 aor. from iv{v)4ic<o cvioirev 80. Observe the lack of correspondence between the 'tell (see on v. 484). the one of the 2d, the other of the 4th, form. protasis and apodosis,
:

'

'

81.
82.

voa-<pio|M0a
Cf.

hold ourselves

aloof,'

'

turn away.'

91.
is

84.

Nestor, usually prolix in his speeches,

here a model of brevity.

He

closes his speech with the exhortation already used by

Agamemnon,

i\\' &yere, and hastens from the council of chiefs to the popular as-

sembly.

Notice the force of the prep, in iir-effTr)<rav 'rose up at his word.' were hurrying to the spot.' cto-i: lit. 'go,' i.e. 'fly.' 20va: 'swarms.' 87. ,t|vt [Sio-irep] elm has freq. the pres. signif. in Horn. esp. in comparisons. The thricerecurring termination -aa>v in this and in the follg. verse has been thought
85.
:

86.

ir<ro-TJovTo

'

to suggest the
89.
ters.'
lir'

hum

of bees.
'

pVrpuSov (Porpvs, 'bunch of grapes'): 'like clusters,' in clusThe adv. suffix -Sov (or -Stjv) denotes the manner of an action. the thought is of locality, not of over the flowers AvBto-i
;
:

'

'

motion.
90.
ireiror/jaTai [ire7r6T7]vrat]
:

pi.

pass,

from

irordofiat.
is

91.

rav [tovtwv]
'

the article has not only demonstrative force, but

diro
:

emphatic,
phe.
92.

of these.'
3,

follows

its

case,

and hence
'

suffers anastro-

G. 191,

N.

5,

H. 102

D,

^idvos (nom. ftwv or

r}wi>
'

as

extending far into the land,

Sketch of Dialect, 6. PaOefTjs lit ,' deep shore, i.e. deep' concave,' hollow.' Others translate
'
:

'

Mow-lying.'
tion, see

i<rriy6uvro (a-Ttxdo/xai)
18,
1.

'

were advancing.'

For assimila-

Sketch of Dialect,

200
93.

NOTES.
IXaSov
(t\r),

'troop

')

see on v. 90
(2 plupf.
'

the special point of compariSoieo)

:

son

lies

in the

word
its

SeS^jei
'

from

'was

ablaze,' 'spread

like wild-fire.'

So-<ra:

Rumor
:

is

called Aibs &yye\os (v. 94) because

so mysterious in

origin

it

cannot be traced to any

man

hence must

have come from Zeus.

94.
d-ye'povTo

95.

TeTpTJxei

shortened to
97. 98.

2 aor. midd. from ayeipu. (unaugm. plupf. from Bpaaau had been confused,' was rpax-)
:
:

=
in

rapda-ffw,

stem rapax;

'

'

an uproar.'

po6vTs Ip^njov: 'by their shouts were trying to restrain.'

tiiroTt (r\oiar' [ffxotvTo]
:

'

on the chance that they would restrain

'
:

themselves from.'
99.
4pTJTv0v
:

See on A
tfyepOev,

67.

(cf.
'

57)

were held back,'

i.e.

kept in order.

ko.0' e'Spas

along the benches.'

Kdp, rti\<i)v: 'wrought with art,' lit. 'grew weary in making.' 101. Vv. 101-108 represent figuratively how Agamemnon received his commission and prerogatives from Zeus. The scepter was prepared, by the

special direction of Zeus,

by Hephaistos

it

was sent by Zeus's envoy

regularly

Hermes
103.

to Pelops,

the founder of

Agamemnon's house, and

Argeiphontes.'

descended to the hero himself.

8ia.KT6pa>
dpY'i<j>ovTr)
:

'

the guide

Hermes

is

called SiaKTopos (di-dya>) as 'guide 'of the souls of the departed to the

lower world.
the

It

seems better

to transfer into English as a

word
:

apye'C<p6vrr)s

(supposed to be a compound of &pyeiapy-, in brightness,'

locative case
<paivai)
lit.
'

from the root

he

who appears

which appears in which may

probably a apy6s, &pyvpos and

refer to the swift-

proper name

ness of his motion (light being associated with swiftness), or to the succor

which he brings. The story of how Hermes slew the hundred-eyed whom Hera had set to watch Io, is a later myth, and there seems to be no warrant for the translation, 'slayer of Argos,' which is given in
(light)

Argos,

some

dictionaries.

106.
107.

iroXvapvi

heteroclite dat.
:

the only nom.

is

iro\vapvos.
10, 2)
<po-

0vrT'(a)
:

for i/eVrTjy (see

Sketch of Dialect,

anomalous form is a pres. inf.; a longer form, <pop^(j.eva.1, also occurs. Like hvaaanv in follg. verse, the inf. denotes purpose, with a mingled idea of result. G. 265, H. 765.
pfjvai [<pope?v\
this

108.
all

"ApY'i iravH

that territory over

be king for all Argos.' Argos is here used for which Agamemnon bore sway, i.e. most of the Pelo'

ponnesus.
109.
t<5 ((TKi)irTpa>)
:

'

upon
it

this,' lit.

'

with

this,' dat.
(cf.

of means.
245),

The

possession of the scepter,

will

be remembered
'
:

gave him

who

held

it

the right to speak.

:

111.

jii-ya

adv. ace
in all

ve'8-ncrt

involved,'

'

entangled.'

Agamem&ttj

non, like
Papefrj
:

men
<

times,

blames the gods for

his mistakes

grievous infatuation.'

'

ILIAD
112.
less.'

II.

20I
'

<tx*tXios (x) Ka.TVv<rv see

: :

lit-

'holding fast to his purpose;

here, 'relent-

113.
of the

itrnipo-avT
first

on A 514, 527. what vowel has been elided

dirov&o-Oai

the a

syllabic

is

used as long.
:

Cf. 'AiroWaiva,

14/21.
e is

115.

lowed
<UXora:

to

the full form is ouff/cAeta, and one drop out instead of being contracted with follg. a eVe/ is both temporal and causal. S>\e<ra Lat. perdidi.
Svo-icXta [8uffKA.eS]

al-

eirel

116.
117.

(xAXei <|>iXov etvai

see on

564.

iroXXdwv iroXiwv [iroWwi/

tov -yap Kpdros
: '

iroAewj'].

118. 119.
dat.,

for his might.'

' :

Kal r<ro|itvowri -iruBeVGai

5,

See on A 509. even for posterity to learn

of.'

For

G. 184,
fitt\J/

H.

601.
:

120.

oOtju

'

thus vainly.'
:

121. 122.
186, n.

AirpTjKTov [&irpaKT0v]

'

fruitlessly.'

dvSpao-i
1,

dat. after iro\tfil(etv, as after iroAe/xeeo

i'4>civTai
: :

and

fidxo/j.at,

G.

H. 602.
'

3 sg. pf. pass,

lit.
'

from

<palvu.

124.

opKia

mard to(iovts
i.e.

having slain oath-sacrifices to be desacrifice.'

pended upon,'
125.

having concluded a firm alliance by

[6'eroj
:

8<r<roi ?a<ri

eiV/].

126.

8iaKoo-p.t]0i(jiv

'should arrange ourselves.'

The verb might

have stood
127.

in the inf.
:

dependent upon
I-

464\ot/xfv as in vv. 124, 125.

i-Kaorov

V.

Hkcuttoi,
:

which makes equally good sense.

128.

Seuofo/ro [Stotvro]

a primitive

way

of saying that the

It is
;

Greeks
late,

more than

tenfold outnumbered the Trojans.

a mistake to suppose

that brevity of speech

comes early and naturally

it

comes rather

and
irAe-

often only as the result of study.

129.
oj/ov,

irXtas

=
:

it

\ iova s [irAeovs]

perhaps, after the loss of v from

the

was

lost

instead of being irregularly contracted with follg. a

into ov, as in Attic.

130.

irroXtv

t has been called a parasitic letter

it

is

supposed to
iroAeyuos

have been developed, in vulgar pronunciation, it was found convenient in poetry to retain it.
131.
chiefs.'

in woKis

and

and

dvSpes stands as appositive to

eir'tKovpoi

'

allies,

spear-brandishing

132.

ir\d|ov(ri

lit.

'

cause to wander,'
:

i.e.

baffle in the

purpose of capAibs

turing Troy
134. eviavTot
:

flwo-' [iwai]
pi. 2
;

pi.

pres. indie, of tdco.

:

|3epdao-i (3
'

pf.
'

from Paivw) [fcBaai]

'are gone.'

years of Zeus
filled.
:

for he determines their

number and with what

on A 407.

they shall be 135.

Sovpa
:

'timbers.'

For the form Soupa

pi.

for Sopva, see

is

X&vvrai
served
136.
137.
(cf. v.

the Attic usage of ntr.

36).
'

with sing, verb

here not ob-

irou:

methinks,' as in
:

178.
TroTtSryfievai [irpoffSt^dfit vai]
'
:

iaT

'

[?ji/Tat]

cf.

239.

ex-

202
pecting.'

NOTES.
The form
atfrws: see
is

syncop. 2 aor. ptc.

{cf.

$ex Ga h

2 3)

&W-

see

on A

384.

138.
(a priv.

on A 133; cf also
:

v.

342

dxpaavrov [dnpavrov]
take,'
i.e.
'

and Kpatvu).
ov -yap
<Lti

141.

alp^<ro|iev

lit.

'

we

shall

no longer

there

is

no longer hope
142.
toio-i
3,
:

of our taking.'
dat. of interest loosely

connected with the whole sentence.

'

G. 184,
143.
'

n. 4,

H.

601.
:

usually /j.erd with ace. means to the midst of,' Here nerd means throughout.' 145. ttovtov is the specific word 6a\d<ro-ris, the generic. Instead of taking ir6vrov as appositive of da\d<r<ry)s, each word may be joined sepaThus 6a\d<r<rT\s would have the same force as OaAacrrately with Kv/xara. ffiva: 'sea-waves of the Ikarian deep.' The Ikarian sea was near the
(ato ttXtjGvv
after.'
'
;

island Ikaria, west of Samos.

Daidalos was said to have escaped from

of wings made of feathers united by wax but Ikaros flew too near the sun, the wax was melted, and he was drowned in the sea to which he gave his name. 146. &pop [dipere] 2 aor. of upvvfjo. with act. signif.

Crete, with his son Ikaros, by

;

means

'

147.

8t

kivt|o-t)

[orav

Kiv7io~p]

Ze'<f>upos

a boisterous (not gentle)

wind to those living on the east side of the Aegean, as all can testify who have felt at Smyrna the afternoon sea-breeze, there called Bates (modern Greek Mfidrris 'Eju/Jott/s 'In-comer') Pa0v \i\iov 'high-standing

=
:

(lit.

'

deep') grain.'
XajJpo's

148.

adj.

with adv. force

iiri

t' r^vei

(sc.

as subj. Xyiov)

'and
ears.'

it

(the standing crop)

bows before
:

the blast
dat. of

(4irl sc.

ZMpvoy) with

its

atrra^veo-o-iv (nom. dcrraxis)

ctXaXTjTu)
:

means.

149.

'

with a cheer.'
vavs] (ace. pi.)
:

150.

vfjas

4ir' [eirl

no anastrophe because vowel

air.'

is

elided (Sketch of Dialect, 6).

151.
IVtcito aeipopevT]
'
:

rose and stood in the

152.
to

&Xa Slav

8?os is

one of Horn. 's habitual epithets.

:

Other words

which
153.
154.

S?os is freq.

applied are

the earth, rivers, and certain ancient

towns.

ovpovs

'trenches' in which the ships were drawn to the sea.

(pres. midd.
ptc.

Upivwv
i.e.

from

'lt)fii)

lit.

'sending themselves
Ufjitvaiv is

along,'

'hurrying.'
Ytj/ji

The

hiatus between otKaSe and

only

apparent, since
ing)-

began with a consonant (represented by rough breathace. pi. of adj.

155.

vrre'pfiopa
fate.'

used as adv.,

lit.

'beyond

fate,'

i.e.

'contrary to
156.
also on

v8a kcv irvydt] (revxo)

'then would have been

eirv

brought to pass.'
n-poo-^ewrev
v. 59.
:

separation of npbs from

not

common.

See

ILIAD
157.

II.

203
if

dTpvTwvn
'

either 'the impeller' (brpvyu, as

brpvrdivr\) or 'in-

domitable
159.
160.

(d priv.
:

and

rpvtc

'wear

').

int

here used of extension over, 'over the sea's broad back.'

ko.5 [Hard]:

apocope, and assimilation

in the plain of Troy.'

cvxXt|v:

pred. ace.

after KaTaK'nroiev, 'as a boast,' conveniently translated 'to glory over.'

162.

iv TpoCfl

'

diro

'

remote from.'
is

164.

dtYavois: conventional epithet (see

;

on

202),

not particularly

appropriate to Athena

it

is

much more
where an

appropriate to Odysseus, and

may have been

hiatus
:

interpolated from v. 180.

firjSk fa,

<pwra tKaffrov,

initial

Notice two cases of apparent consonant has been lost.

is

Notice, too, in io}dr aKaSf,

v. 165,

that the final syllable of vrjas

(cf.

long

by position, because a\aSe

165.

orig.

began with a
fail

Lat. sal).

Sc. 'Axaiovs as subj. of ikKefiev.

166.

ov8

'

dir{0t]o-

'

did not

to obey,'

'

obeyed

at once.'

For

explanation of
167. 169.
like
Cf.

litotes, see

on

220.

44.

drdAavTov (compound of d copulative 3,/xa and ri\avrov) hence takes dat. as a word of likeness. weight with
;

'of

'

170.
171.
fiiv [cf.

co-tcuSt'

[eorwTa].
:

Kpa8iT)v teal 6v(xdv

accusatives of the part, in apposition with

of the

150).

The coupling
.

two nouns

is

also

an example of
with idea of

Homeric
175.

fulness of expression.
.

tv

ttco-ovtcs

'

having tumbled on board

of,'

confusion and fear.

176.
icdS 8c
:

see on v. 160.
ttita.
: '

182.
183.

Construe
$r\

as obj. of

vvii)ite,

yet

cf.

273,

26.

8c Oc'civ

and he started

to run.'

184.

'IflaK^o-vos

the herald, like his master, was from Ithaka.

For

position and duties of herald, see on

oi

321.

The

o in os is long

because
in

has an orig.
186.
ot
:

F.

For

dat.

oi,

see G. 186, H. 602.

dat. of advantage, for

he was going to use the scepter

of,'

Aga596.

memnon's
183.

behalf.
:

Translate

'received at the hands

ki\c^T

pres. opt. as

if

from

k^xw

["X c' ,"u 1-

and cf. A See on A 26.

The

opt. is indefinite, a general condition being implied.

G. 231, 225, H.

729

b.

189.

cpTjrv-o-a-CTK-c (iterative aor.

from

ipt\T\ioi)

irapatrrds

'would
v. 200,
:

step up to and detain.'

190.
it

Acu(j.6vic

here used in a good sense,

'

'

Good

sir

'

Below,

has the bad

sense,

wretch

'

(see on A 561)

kcikov us (ko.k?>v j&s)

Sj, as adv. of comparison, takes the accent

when
H.

it

follows the

word

which
194.
in

it

lect, 6,

would Rem.

regularly precede.

G. 29,

N.,

104, a.

Sketch of Dia-

announcing

Odysseus uses the same word which Agamemnon (v. 75) had used his intention yet immediately after he puts himself in the
;

204
number
195.
of those

NOTES.
who were
(oi>
:

not present in the council of chiefs to hear

iravres aKoixra/iev)

what Agamemnon said

(iif|

by ellipsis H. 743. 'For mighty is the wrath (or 'lofty is the thought') of a 196, 197. king fostered by Zeus, and his honor comes from Zeus, and Zeus the councillor loves him.' In v. 196 occurs an example of parataxis (see on |iT)TTa see on A 508. A 5)
of a verb of fearing, see G. 218, N.
2,
:

ti pe|r|

for this use of subj., ordinarily explained

188.

ESoi, lipevpoi

indef. opt. in a relative clause

d/xoK\-f)<ra<ri<e

implying condition,

the iterative aorists ehdcrao-Kc,

acts.

implying a number of single

&Koue

200.

fjo-o:

2 sg.

imv. from

^fiai

ical

'hear (now and

henceforth, pres. imv.) others' words.'

201.
crio
:

does not lose

o'L
:

its

accent,

i.e.

is

orthotone, not enclitic, because

contrasted with
202.

vapt9|uos

precisely as

we say
'
:

'

of account.'

203.

0$

irtos

nullo modo.

\uv [fi^v].

204.
thing.'

ovx d'yaObv iroXvKoipavfTj

a multitude of rulers

is

no good
fern.

Notice the

litotes

notice also in the gender of ayadiv an example

is

of the frequent use of a ntr. pred. adj. where the subj.

Cf. in Lat. sentences like triste lupus stabulis;
'

masc. or

the wolf a grievous thing

felt,

to the folds.'

This verse expresses the demand often so strongly

in

and especially

times of violence, for one strong controlling hand.

In the next verse, too,

205.
d-yKvXo(i^Tw

we have

the idea of the Divine Prerogative which

Cf.

has been such a support of royalty.

:

279.

pronounce
I
'

-ea>,

as always

when

final,

by synizesis.

206.
1

This verse

is

weak and obscure

99.

in this connection,
lectio

and was

probably interpolated from

rule
'

A
'

varia

for jSoiA? uj?

is

is fiacriKevr)

for them, instead of

<r<pl<ri

plan

for them.

No word
'

expressed to

which

refers,

but the word fSaaiXtis implies

:

subjects,'

and for

this

word <r<pl<ri stands o-iriiirrpov the scepter,' the king's badge of power df/xio-ras (nom. sing. Oe/us) the ordinances which he lays down. The prose word for dtfiiares would be Btaixol, Lat. instituta. 207. Koipavt'uv 8itt as ruler was arranging.' noipavewu is ptc. nom. For eVco, see on A 166. sing. 208. For irrto-a-evovTO and &iro, cf. vv. 86, 91.
'
; :

'

'

'

209.

iroXvcpXoCo-poio
imitates,

example

of

an onomatopoetic word,
it

i.e.

of

word which
210.
211.

when spoken,

the sound which

describes

(cf. trfxa-

payei, v. 210).

atyiaXu: local dat. 'on a broad strand.'

ip-f\rvOtv

212. 213.

see on KoXwa (KoAwdo))

:

v. 98.
:

&Koo-p.d t iroXXd t

'was screaming,' 'was brawling,' cf. A 575. in Engl, we join both adjs. to the subst.
:

without any intervening conj., 'many unbecoming words.'

ILIAD
214.
|xd\|/
'
:

II.

205
:

vainly,'

and ov Ktvrd
it

koo-jiov

'

not

fitly,'

seem
50).
N.,

to a certain

extent similar ideas, so that

rather surprises us that they should be

joined by an adversative conjunction, ardp (see on

[ipi(tiv]
:

4pi'nveu

H. 765 215. One of the commonest ways of quarrel is with words hence cilcraiTo ipt(f/i(vai easily suggests Xtytar, on which on tfffatro depends from dSo/uLai [SoKtw]. 216. aiio-xio-ros his ugliness of soul is left to be inferred from his ugliness of body. To the Greeks, that the first should be found in connection with the second would seem almost obvious. It has been remarked that Thersites impersonates all the qualities most opposed to
for inf.
eireo
77877,

depending upon

see G. 265,

the ideal of a hero.

It

should also be noticed that he

is

almost the only

character taken from the

in the Iliad.

common

people

who

is

portrayed with any detail

The heroes of the poem are the nobles (the Stoyevus 0acrtThe audience was chiefly composed of nobles; the poet was in sympathy with his audience, and when he does introduce a man of the common people like Thersites, he makes him as hideous as he can (see
\rjes).

on A 80)
217.
pede).

viird

'under the walls

i-rtpov -iroSa
:

of.'

tr\v [77V]

'in one foot'

(cf.

Lat. claudiis altero

ox "ca peculiar pf. with Attic redupl. (and G. in Verb List, H. 424 r>. ir. 219. &rrevf|vo0 an obscure form (probably a pf.) from uncertain present. Autenrieth connects it with the root of &vQos, 'flower,' and thus
218.

(tvvoxwk6t (ffwexv)

ft

>

change of stem vowel) for

:

6ko>x<*-

meaning 'bloomed upon,' 'grew upon.' was 'most hateful to.' For another example of the double superlative, see on v. 57.
readily derives the

220.

p.dAio-Ta ?x^ l(rro s

221.

t<)

*ydp v6lki(tk [fvelKei]

'.

the clause with ydp

is

a reason for

the bitter hate (x" (<rT0 *) which was felt for Thersites. 222. kjkXtjyws 2 pf. ptc. from K\d(o> (stem K\ayy-).
:

223.

licTrd-yXws
II. in. 1.).

probably derived from

4k-tc\i}<t(tw (cf. 4^eir\dyri,

Xen.

Anab.
224.

|xaicpd
Tt'o

of cries that penetrate 'far,'

:

i.e.

'

piercingly,'
:

'

loudly.'

225.
cis
:

[t(ws]

for case, see

derived from the root

x a_

>

8rj air synizesis on A 65 X aT ^ v0 'd '* se en in x a ^"> g a P e >' X" oy

'
' > >

'

takes the gen. as a word of want.

226.
irXeiav: in ordinary prose
7rA.e7os
:

an

adj. of Attic

2d decl.

The

inter-

change of forms
228.
8i8o|v
tice that the

and ir\fws
is

illustrates metathesis quantitatis.

Thersites

as great a braggart as he is coward.

Noipf. fut.

use of the subj.

dr

&n

[otclv]

eKwfxev in

the

temporal
with

clause containing a general condition

marks
:

SiSo/xev as prs.

and not
[&v]

229.

cmStvccu

[{iriSey]

k^ tis oXtrti

for use of

ice

indie, see on

137.
:

231.

8r]<ras d-ydy*.!

'shall

have bound and led captive.'

206
233.
subj. of

NOTES.
KttTi(rxH
:

for form,

cf.

141

the use of the

mood

suggests the

purpose

common
if

in relative clauses in Latin, but not a prose-

Greek construction.

It is exactly parallel, in

connection, to pfoyecu, and

may be
234.
with.'

translated as

we had

iVo

/ccn-t'crxeai-

ov \uv

[oi> /j.-fiv].

koxwv
G. 70,
iTp

gen. after

7ri/3ao-/ce'yuev

in the

sense of 'bring into contact

2,
:

H.

574.
'

235.
236. 237.

eXYX ea
:

lit.

reproaches,'

i.e.

objects of reproach.
(idw)
: '

'

by

all

means.'
'

lu>|Av

let

us leave.'
/'.if.

"ypa ireo-o-ejiev

digest his gifts of honor,'

see

how much

good they
238.
239.

will

do him without our support.

:
'

x.T|fwis [ol tyuels]

we

also,' as
:

well as Achilles.

8s Kal

'Ax^Tja

T|Tp/norv

'

for

he also insulted Achilles

$0 [ou

; '

causal idea here underlies the relative clause

= avrou]
A
394).

notice

the lengthening of the vowel (eo) before a liquid (see on

240
241.

= A 356.
He
finds in the indignities

Thersites has not a whit more affection for Achilles than for

Agamemnon.

heaped upon Achilles convenhe cannot leave Achilles

'remissness,'
'
:

ient additional charges against

Agamemnon, but
eppecriv

without a thrust at him

fieG-rjiitov
:

ov x<5Xos

he has no wrath in his heart.'

:

adj.

instead of a subst.

fj.eOrjfj.o(Tvvr}

which

would have been

242.
232.

in exact contrast with xciAos.

:

Xo)J3t)o-cuo

Thersites uses the very words uttered by Achilles,

244.

irapiVraTo
f|viira'Tr
:

'was standing by
is

his side.
:

245.

contrast the tense with that of irapicrraTo

'broke out
the
aor.

in reproof.'

The form

one of two (only) instances of a very peculiar

reduplication in 2 aor.

syllable -air affixed to the word.

The stem of The

iviirrca is iviir-

the redupl.
is

is

other instance

epu/co/cov, 2

from ipvKava (stem

246.
247.
dxpiTop/uOt
p.t]8'
:

ipvK-).

See Sketch of Dialect,

212.
'

15, 2.

cf. afitTpoeirris, v.
'

and undertake not,' and venture not.' comp. of kcxkos249. 8<rcroi in order to connect naturally with what precedes, a gen. of the whole, e.g. Trdvrwv, must be supplied, dependent upon fiAAov. 250. The potential opt. in this and follg. v. is equivalent to a mild
'idtK
:

248.

xepeiorepov [xeipovd]
:

imv.
251.
v6<rrov cpvXd-rmv
it.
:

lit.

'watch the return,'

le retonr.
:

i.e.

watch that one

fail

not of
253.

Cf. in
ti
i\(

French, garder
;

kcikus vo<rTTjo-op,v
'

freely,

'

whether our return shall be to

our advantage, or to our hurt

with deliberation.
255.

it

should be entered upon, accordingly,

repetition of vv. 254-256 suggest

The weakness and

that they are justly bracketed as interpolation.

fjo-ai sit
:

in colloquial sense,

not of actual sitting posture, for he

does not

down

until v. 268 (cf. also vv. 211, 212), but of his avoid-

'

ILIAD
ter his abuse

II.

207

ance of any laborious occupation which would leave him less free to scat-

on

ever}' side.

257.

rb 8i

KO.C:

'and

this also.'

TrreXea-jitvov ?<rrai \Te\eir6-ficrtTat].

<ppi\v)
is
:

258.
see on

d(j>paivovra

(a priv.
irtp

and
:

'talking

folly.'
'
:

kixt|o-o|jlcu

141

ws vv

w8e

wSe

antecedent of woirtp

in this

way

just as now.'

259.

'OSuTiji,

dJjxoicri

apposition of part to whole.

kxttii\
:

'OSuotjj is

simply

a more emphatic ipoi

260.
p.T)S KnA.T]fj^vos

opt. of desire.
I

&t)v

'
:

and may

not be called,'

i.e.

'

may

no

longer be.'

261.
553-

Take
Td
t*
:

<re

and elpara as double

ace. after airo-Svcrio.

G. 164, H.

262.

see on

86

see also Sketch of Dialect, 14

ad finem.

atSw: ace. sing, from aiSds.

d(/Hj<ra> (cuplrjfxi) 'shall smite 264. Connect d-yopfj0v [ and drive you with unseemly blows from the assembly to the ships.' If w\T)yr)<Tiv belonged with we-KK-nyds, it would probably stand as cogn. ace. The stroke took effect on both shoulders and on the portion of 266. the back lying between (and below) them, i.e. fieratppevov.
:

G. 55, N. ayopas] with

1,

H. 181.

268.
viTo

o-KTiirrpov iiiro \pvo-cov

exactly as

we
i.e.

say

'

under the stroke

being both local and causal.

dxptiov I8wv
dxviip.voi
'
: :

269.
270.
f|8v

lit.

'

looking uselessly,'

casting silly looks about.

'

grieved,' probably because of their desire to return.

merrily.'

271.

tis 'iir<rKev: for iterative aor. see

on A 490.

tij

'many

a one.'

The

indefinite pron. as here

in

used

is

said by Gladstone to represent public

opinion
272.
ir6iroi is

Homer
:

[cf.

81).

"fi irdiroi

for accent of

& and meaning

;

of

ir6iroi,

see on

254.

used only here of pleasant surprise

t6S
is ace.

8^j [^817]:

see on

61.
:

274.
'

of the object

dpwrrov, of the predicate.

Translate

which he has wrought.' 275. ^ir(r-PoXov lit. one who throws about words.' pdwv 'restrained from his speeches' (see on v. 239).
this is

by

far the best thing

: '

l<r\

d-yo-

276again.'

Of|v

gives ironical turn to the sentence

irdXiv

ans

'back
Sevre-

For similar doubling of words of nearly similar sense,

dvf|<ri:
i\

cf.

pov aZris.

fut of av-irini.

278.

fyoLtrav
it

irX'nGiis:

collective

noun with

pi.

verb

dvd

'

ia~rr\

Odysseus,

seems, had taken his seat after chastising Thersites.

The

epithet wToAiiropdos (for wtoXi- see on

v. 133) is appropriate to Odysseus from the special share which he had, through the device of the wooden

horse, in the reduction of Trov, a story not related, however, in the Iliad.

279.

irapd

adv.
:

'

by his

side.'

280.
281.

dvioyei

plupf. with signif. of ipf.

: '

irp&Toi t Kal iioraToi

those in the

first

and the

last ranks,'

'nearest and remotest.'

'

::

208
284. 235.

NOTES.
vvv
Sfj
:

'

now
:

as

it

appears.'

i\iy\ia-rov

superlative in -kttos formed from

ppo-rotcn.
:

noun e\eyxos

(see

on

325)

0(j.vai |0e?yac]

dat. of the
3,

person in whose

view anything has a certain character.

iTfio-o-i
:

G. 184,

N. 2,

H.

601.

p.po-

see on
fjvircp

250.
:

286.

viria-rav [-e<rrr)(rav]
is

'

under
to
it

'

a promise
'

really as natural a
lit.
'

which they assumed.' ' Standing metaphor for pledging one's self
self.'
rjvirep is

as

assuming,'
is

taking to one's

a kind of cognate

ace, for virea-rav

287.
evSdS'
in

equivalent to vir4<rxovTo.
:

used as

2n <ttxovts A 30 for the whole

'

while

still

on the way

hither.'

"Ap^os
of the

region about Argolis,

whence most

Achaians came.

288=
289.

113.
:

wore

regularly in Horn, equals Sxrvep or &s, re having no appre-

ciable force.

290.

See on A 86. 68upovT<u veWOai

:

it is

only by an extension of the orig. meaning

inf.

of oSvpovrai that

it

can take the

'

of the purport of the lament.

The
:

verb comes to mean:

291.

express by tears their desire.'

The course

of thought vv. 291-300

is

may be

thus outlined

The

case of the Achaians

hard

't

is

hard enough

(ir6vos) to

make one

return

For even a month's absence from wife in stormy seas is a nine years' absence. There is then no occasion to blame the Achaians but still it must be remembered that, hard as is the case where so much has been borne and the object not gained, yet honor forbids a return empty-handed hence the closing exhortation Bear up yet a while, friends 292. diro away from (see on v. 178). There is no elision because of the orig. Fin follg. word. 293. <ruv i.e. on board of (see on v. 74).
wearied out.
;

painful

how much more

'

'

'

'

'

294.
after a

8v

irep clXcoxri \'6v

:

hv el\v<ri\

subj. in conditional relative clause

primary tense

'

whomsoever the wintry gusts and

:

rising sea

confine in harbor.'

295.
298.

Tj(iiv fufivrfvretro-i f/ueVou<ri]

dat. in designation of time,

a.

'

as

we
and

remain here.'
a6e\(p(6s-

G. 184,
:

3,

N.

I,

H. 6oi,

v&crOai

sc.

rtva as subject

Kv6v

[/cei/^v]

cf. iiSe\<f>6s

299.
300. 301. 302.

Saupcv

aor.

pass.

subj.

from stem

tia-,

'

learn,'

of

which

Si-Sa-<TK<a, 'teach,' is

a pres. with causative signif.

*Te6v: 'really.'
(<rri
oi!s

Se: parataxis;
n^|
. .

<j>e'pourai

we might have had tare yap. as many as the death-fates have not
' :

swept away.'

p-fi is

used instead of ob because the antecedent of the

is

rela-

tive is indefinite,

which

the

same

as saying that a condition

is

implied.

G. 231, H. 835.

ILIAD
303.

II.

209
day.'
'

X 1!

Ka* ""P" 1!*

eva
ko.1

'

('*

was Dut the other

)

Notice that
yesterday or

the Greek says 'yesterday

the clay before the
'

and

the day before,' instead of

(cf.

Svo, v. 346).

Aulis was the Boeotian town on

Euboean Gulf where the Greek

:

fleet

assembled and was delayed by

adverse winds, while on the point of sailing for Troy. from Horn. pres. iiytpedo/aai, formed from stem ayep-. 304. ^ytptQovTo

G. 119, 305.
306.

11,

H. 411, D.
irtpC
:

C/.v. 448.

d>x<pl

an<pi is adv.

and wcpl prep.

(cf.
'

Engl.

'

round about').
'

TeX^e'o-o-as
;

on A 315)
307.

probably best translated, old rendering, 'unblemished.'

:

bringing fulfilment

(see

TrXaravio-Tw [irAaraj/?]

the

'

plane-tree,' not unlike our

maple

in

appearance, grows especially by springs and along watercourses

j>itv [4$ its fppfi]-

S0v

308.
iirl
:

ivBa.

'
:

then,' carries

back the thoughts to x ei (* Te

(cf.

* ai

"P^C'
8a<j>oivds
(cf.

with ace. denotes 'extension over'

It is

vv. 159, 299)

'blood-red.'

compounded

of 8a- also (a- [Sid] 'thoroughly'

e.g.

per

with strengthening force as Lat. prefix,

310.
iirat^as.

^otfxov

pa
v^jiria

permagnus), and <p6vos, 'gore.' gen. of separation after the idea of motion implied in see on A 56.
:

311.
312.

TtKva

'tender
(2

(lit.

'infant') brood.'

viroirim](ioTs

pf. ptc.

from

-irr^iro-eo)

'crouching beneath.'
ninth,

For

dat. ireTaAois, G. 187,

H. 605.
the mother-bird

313.

Translate

'

eight, but

was the

which

hatched her brood.'

314.
IXceivd Terpt/ycoTas (2 pf.

from rplfa)

'

twittering piteously.'

315.
316.

Connect

Tt'icva
:

with a^rptiroTaro as

its

object.
i.e.

tAe\i.dfievos

'having coiled himself,'

:

so as to launch himself

irrtpvyos 'by the wing.' du<pia\viav (pf. upon the mother-bird screaming.' ptc. from stem lax-) &j>a-yc and translate 317. Join KOTa 'swallowed.' 318. dp^Xov (prefix dpi-, 'very,' and 8fj\os, 'plain ') 'conspicuous.' Translate the whole verse the Deity, who also sent it, made of it a con'

'

'

spicuous
319.

sign,'

i.e.

a miracle.
ace. after ?07jce,

For double
olov tnixGil
cto-fjXOc
:

G. 166, H. 556.

The

latter half of

this verse is identical with v. 205.

320.
321.

' :

at

what a thing was brought to

'

pass.'

here used, as the connection shows, of a sudden, disturb:

ing entrance.

Translate

when

therefore dreadful monsters

(pi. for sing.)

intruded
323.

among
:

the hecatombs of the gods.'

'

dvtw seems nom. pi. from an

adj.

adv.
to us

in silence.'

For
cf.

a similar use of adv. in pred.

416,

where

more
:

natural,
'

95.

The

varia

lectio is Hvecp,

adj. avews

speechless.'
'
:

325.

8\|/ip.ov,

d<piT\<TTov

late, late of fulfilment.'

This repetition of

2IO
the
[ou]

NOTES.
in

same idea
:

words of similar sound

lectio is oo (see

is

called paronomasia.
i).
is in

8ov

a conjectural varia
irTo\jifo(i.v
:

328.
spot.'

see on v. 130.

Sketch of Dialect, n, As the pres. of the verb

a8i [avr69i]
erect
:

-fa

the fut. would in Attic be in -aw (or

If the elision

-tw).

'on this very

had not taken place before

rot, ral for 01, at.

(FeVeo)

we might

have had rocraavTa

330.
-nis [S>s]
:

erect,
cf.

ea as one syllable by synizesis.

332.
334.

els o Kev [ecus &v\.

Ttov

terribly/ ntr. adj. used as cognate ace dvcrdv'Axaicov: 'under (because of) the shouts of the Achaians.' G. 191, VI. 7 (1) b and c, H. 656 b and c.
o-p.ep8aX.eov
'

iiir'

335.
336.

eircuvTJcravTes [itratvtaavTts]
TOitri
:

agrees with 'Apyeloi, v. 333.

H. 601 Tep^jvios: 'Gerenian.' Gerenia is said to have been a town or district in Messenia whither Nestor fled while Herakles was sacking Pylos. Another explanation makes
G. 184,
3,

N. 2,

Ttprjvtos

"yipwv.

337.

d-yopdaa-Oe (d in arsis, as in
1.

14, 21, etc.)

for assimilated form,

see Sketch of Dialect, 18,

338.
ots
:

for case, G. 184,

'

339.
will

irq 8t| PtfcreTai:

2, N. 1, H. 595 b. whither pray will go?'

i.e.

'what in the world

become of?'
ev irvpi
'

The 'covenants and

(v. 286).
Si\
:

oaths' referred to are those at

here joined with opt. of desire, as

Aulis before sailing for Troy

340.
it
:

into the

fire.'

is

freq. joined with imv., to strengthen the expression of wish.

: '

One

might paraphrase

and shrewd counsels.' 341. o-jrov8a.t, Seia(: in their literal sense, libations and right hands,' standing in conjunction for the league of friendship of which they were dxpiyroi [ct/cpa-roi] compound of a privative and Kepavvvfii. the sign. 'Unmixed' wine was employed in solemn libations; wine was not drunk unmixed. e7reiri0p.ev [e'7reiroi0e/iei/]. 342. airrws: see on v. 138.
Perish, then, our resolves
'
:

343.
344.
346.

cvpe'fievai [eypeiv].

& (en) us irplv:

<j>6ivil9iv
:

'still as

heretofore.'

G. 119, 11, H. 411, Connect 'Axaicov as part. gen. with rol

eva
[oi].

ical

Bio

see on v. 303.

347.

avTwv

subjective gen.,

'

no accomplishment
irplv

shall be theirs,'

i.e.

they shall accomplish nothing.

348.

Uvai depends upon

-rrpiv is

fiou\evacri

irpCv: see

on

97.

Which
349.

a conjunction, which an adverb?

:

"yvtoiievai [^i/coi/ot]

cf. $6ftevai,

98, 116

tJ'O'cios

pred.

noun

where we should expect a pred. adj. 350. yap oiv for in any case.'
:

\f/tv8es.

'

351.
dat. or

Iirl virucrlv

Baivov
dat.

eVi
;

with dat. differs

:

little

from eV or avv with

in their ships.'

from the simple

translate

'

were going away

ILIAD
352.
pression.
4>6vov koI Kfjpa
Cf. in Engl.
' '
:

II.

211
Homeric
this

slaughter and death,'

fulness of ex-

death and destruction.'

strictly

and the follg. ptc. becomes for the moiri8eia lit. on the right.' ment, to the speaker, Kartvevcre Kpoviwv. As the augurs in observing the flight of birds looked toward the north
353.

aorpdTTTCDv

an anacoluthon;
<pt)iJ.l

should be in ace. case, but

Karavtvcrai Kpovlaiva

'

(perhaps because Mt. Olympus lay

able quarter of the sky,

in that direction), the east, the favor<f>a(v<i>v

: '

was on the right

revealing.'
iirtiyw.

354.
355.

t<3

'

therefore,' dat. of cause

eim-yto-Ow

from

nva

'many a one'
:

(cf.,

for a similar wish,

;
'

Job

xxxi.

io)

Tpwwv
356. 358.

dX<5xo

'

a Trojan wife.'
:

'EX^vtjs, kt\.
fjs

'

Helen's pangs and groans

the gen.

is

subjective.

vrjds

navis suae.
aAAcov
jrC<nrj]

359.

6cj>pa irp6tr9'

[5Va irpSrcpov

iWuf

tirlainjTat]
fate,'
i.e.

'

in

order that in advance of others he

may overtake death and

Cf. this

that

death and fate

may

overtake him.

cumbrous form
'

of denunciation

with vv. 123-128, and see note on that passage.

360
361.

avros r ii
dird3X.TjTov

p/rjSco, iriCdto

r dXXw

do you not only consider for

?iros
lit.

yourself, but

comply with the advice

:

of another.'
:

'to be lightly esteemed.'

'word,'

i.e.

'counsel.'

362.

Nestor

will fight better

'

The soldiers insists on the importance of arrangement. <j>v\a: under the eyes and with the support of friends
number
of the smaller (pprirpas
:

tribes,'

includes a
<|>pT]'TpT)<J>i

'

clans.'
-(pi.

363.
206
D.,

[(ppdrpq]

dat. sing,

with

suffix

G. 61, N.

3,

H.

Sketch of Dialect, 9, 1. 365. 8s tc vv: 'and who perhaps,' implying that th'ere might prove to be no cowards among the host and thus nerving the people to greater
exertions.

366. 367.

?t)<ti [77]

KaTd, <r<p^as
:

^ KaC

[fl Kal]
'
:

'

by themselves (see on A 271). whether owing even to divine power,' cf. A

:

'

'

83.

368.
370.
371.

%
?)

kt\.

or simply because
:

of,' etc.

ixdv [^ yuV]
[ti

'verily.'
:

dyopTJ
that.'

'in the agora,' local dat.

oi -yap

yap]

'

would

One can
'

see from this passage

how

ti

yap comes to be a particle of wishing.

is

For
I

if

had,

etc.,

then

should the city bow,'

373.
t<3
: :

equivalent to

'

would that

had, then should,' etc.

'then

'

(see

on

v. 354)

^(ivo-cit (aor. opt.

from

rjfivw,

'bow

down')
374.

see on

v. 148.
:

d\ovo-a

aor.

ptc.

sacked,' describes what follows

being from aKiffKo/xat. irepOopivii having been taken.' upon aXovaa

:

'

'

376. 378. 379.

\ur 2pi8a$
fjpxov
s \>.Cav

'

into the midst of strifes.'

:
'

x a^ ira ' va)V

:

began

it

by

my
:

anger.'

380.

from PovAeixrontv. dvd8XT]o-is (ava&d\ka>, 'postpone') verbal noun governing ob&ov\t)v

is

easily supplied

jective gen. (cf v. 436).

212
381.
tere.

NOTES.
|vvaY<i)Hv"Apt]a: 'we

may

join battle,'

cf.

Lat.

pugnam

commit-

382.

tis: 'each one.'

ada> (6-fiyu), 6e<r9u,

384.
i.e.

dpficiTos

Give force of midd. voice to the verbs 07jahis spear,' his shield.' by translating having looked on both sides of his chariot,' &|i4>ls ISwv
: ' ' : '

having seen well to

Kpivcop^a
: '

it.
'

385.
386. 387.

decide between one another,'

'

contend.'

|iTrrTcu
\uivo$

shall intervene.'
lit.
'

avSpaiv
'

the fury of men,'

;
'

i.e.

'

the furious combatants.'

388.

rev

of

many

a one

the gen. probably limits reKafxdv, although

d^t<pi-

that cannot easily be translated except in connection with a<rw(Sos

fipdrris,
'

the strap of the man-protecting shield of

Ka|iiTCH
:

many

a one.'

389.

as subj.

sc.

ris

X eiP a: acc

f specification.

390.
392.

titoivcov: 'tugging.'
(ii|jLva^Lv
:

an intensive form from

/ueVco.

ftlfiuu (cf. v. 296),

which

is

reduplicated form from

393.
o<i

01 2iriTa fipiaov e<ro-iTai 4>iry'av

'

'
:

there shall be no safety to

him

to

flee,' i.e.

he shall find no safety from.'

sc.

394.
395.

us Sre [orav] xvjxa:

Kivn,(rr|
:

IdxV-

sc, as object, t6 [avr6] referring to Kvfux.

:

396.
397.

<TKOireXa> [cf. Lat. scopulus)

appositive of
all

aicTfj.
i.e.

"iravToiuv dvejiwy

waves of
'

kinds of winds,'

raised by

all

kinds of winds; the gen.

tcu: subj.
that.'
is

is

subjective and denotes the cause.

'

-yoxov-

Hvefioi.

Translate:

whenever they

rise

on

this side or

on

398.

opfovTo \&pvvvTo\

ipf

implying a pres. optonat

KcSoo-d^vTes

[(TKfSacrOfi'Tf s]

400.

tiXkos &XXti> &>

i.e.

'

one was performing sacrifice to one, another

to another,'

the different tribes

made

offering,

each to

its

patron deity,

according to
401.
402.

its
:

own
i.e.

national rites.
'moil.'

fS\ov
6
:

'toil,'

'

he,'

Agamemnon.
:

403.
404.

irVT(UTT)pov
KCKX'qa'Kev
: '

'five-year old,'

was inviting
-y^povTas
:

'

part of the sacrifice.

to age, but equals
'

and so full-grown. which always made not used here with distinct reference
to the banquet

counsellors.'

dpio-T^as IlavaxcH&Jv
: '

in definitive

apposition with ytpovras.

Translate

he was inviting from among the

the"

counsellors the following champions of

collected Achaians.'
of this hero see

406.
407. 408.

TvSt'os vtov

'

Diomede.'

For further account

is v.

E and Z 119-236.
Nearly identical with this verse
169.

Menelaos stands on a higher footing than the other chiefs, and his presence is expected at the banquet without special invitation |3<W|v
dvaflo's
:

'good
;

at the battle-cry.'

No trumpets

are mentioned in the

Ho-

meric poems

hence the voice was important.

ILIAD
409.
style.

II.

213
in

d8tX<pfv [a$e\<p6v]

example of prolepsis, natural

animated

See on A 537.
TT(pitrrr\(rav
:

410.
ipf.
?

how

distinguish the

unaugm.

aor. (used here)

from

ov\o\VTas
in

see on

449.
:

412.

Magnificent form of address

'

Zeus most glorious, most

great,

wrapt

black clouds, dwelling in aether.'

the

The

abiding-place of Zeus was

aKpordrri KopuQrj iro\v5etpd5os OvKu/jlitoio,

towered out of the

(vv. 414, 415)

A 499. The summit of Olympus With the substance of the prayer may be compared several Old Testament invocations of
drip into
aldr)p.

Jehovah
413.
e.g. S6s,
'

e.g.

Josh.

x. 12, 13.

tireXfitiv infs. depending on a verb of praying, which can easily be supplied, iiri with both verbs adds the idea upon the earth,' for sunset and darkness are thought of as falling from heaven upon the earth.

tt(j)8vvoi

and

414.
\t?v.

irprjves:

pred. adj. with /xfKadpov denoting the result of Karafia-

Kara

trprivis

0a\(ai>
:
'

'lay low.'
fire.'

415.

irpfjo-ai

irvpos

burn with

irvpSs is gen. of material

:

for

orig. signif. of wpr)du, see

on
:

481

Ovperpa
if

the

pi.

suggests folding

or double doors

Sijtoio
:

pronounce as

written

Srjoio.

417.

poryaXe'ov

418.

6Sd

denotes the result of Sajfat {cf adv. equivalent to dat. pi. of oSovs-

irprji/es, v.

414).

The English

equivais
:

lent of the

whole expression

iv kovItj<tiv o5a{ kafalaro [Aaix&dvoiev} yaiav

'bite the dust.'

419
36)-

&pa implies the knowledge

of the hearer that

it

was not

in ac-

cordance with Zeus's plan to grant Agamemnon's prayer (see on vv. 35,
420.
lit.
'

8kto

syncop. 2 aor. from 8exoyua, see on

i.e.
'

23

dp^yaprov

unenviable,'

unhappy.'

421-424
425.
426.

= A 458-461.
:

rxC3<riv: local dat., 'on splinters diiiretpavTts [dvairelpavTa]

:

t\ov [vvepe?xov)

wapal, trporl, inral).

{cf. in A 462, ^iri axKy*)apocope and assimilation. intdpirrreip is perhaps for virepl, a locative form for inrep {cf. metonymy, the name of the god for 'H4>ao-roio
'
:

the element over which he presides.

427-432
434.
435.

= A 464-469A
122,

Cf.

where the courtly beginning of the verse was

in

sharp

contrast with the abusive ending.

Xsy-SpeGa
:

La Roche would

translate, as the verb

has no object,

which involves confounding the roots \ey- and \X"- I' seems better to translate, 'let us be talking with one another,' although in the few passages where \ey<rdai has that sense an ace. ravra is added.
'let us lie idle,'

varia

lectio is 8?;
'

vvv

juTjfce'ri
'

ravra \tya>/xf6a, kt\.

refer.

But

it is

not easy to

see to what the

these things
:

436.

dp^oXXupcSa

see on v. 380.

fyyv

61

see on

353.

214
438.
439.
'

NOTES.
Ktjpti<r<rovTs d/yttpovrttv
:

'

let

them

collect

dfipdoi <S8
'

'

assembled just as we
'

are.'

a>8e

by proclamation.' seems never to mean

case,
i.e.

as follows

in

440.
'

Gdc-crov

Homer. more quickly than could otherwise be the

:

'

very quickly.'

This

is

an example of the absolute comparative.

Pao-iXfjes

442-444
445.
kings.'
ol

= (very nearly) vv. 50-52.

ctinf)'

'ATpetwva

'
:

the son of Atreus

and the (other)

362
?

446.
'

KpCvovres

i.e.

according to Nestor's advice,

v.

p,Tot St

and

in the midst.'
al-yiS'

What
The

verb
:

is
'

to be supplied with 'Ad^vij

447.

(nom. alyts)

the
is
'

aegis,' or shield of Zeus, often lent

by

him

to

Athena.

aegis

precious,' epiri/xov, because not subject

to age or decay,' ay^paov adavarrfv re.

Of these

last

two epithets
this

it

may

be said that they always occur together, and except in always applied to persons.
448.
is
'

phrase are

T-iis: may be explained as possessive gen., whose hundred tassels,' probably better considered as gen. of separation: 'from which dangle.' Cf ^epeOoyrai (from stem oep-) with riyepeOovro (stem ayep-), and

but

see on v. 304.

of apron or flap hanging

tassels, finely

of the aegis seems to be a kind from the shield and ornamented with precious For a fuller description of the twisted of golden thread.

The Homeric conception

aegis, cf

E 738

follg.
:

449.
in

Ka,TO|iPoios

a frequent primitive

method

of estimating value

is

oxen (see on
450.
451.
452.
kv

154).
'
:

irau|>do-<roi>a-a
:

resplendent.'

join with
:

Sipa-ev.
'

KapS^T)
i.e.
'

apposition of the part with the whole,

in

each one

i.e.

his heart,'

in the heart of
dv/xcp

each one.'

Perhaps

this

passage should

lead us to explain

in

24 as an appositive of 'Ayafxeixvovt, rather

than as a local dative

y^vk ^ wv [y^vKintpos] cf A 249. Here follow five similes: (1) the forest fire, suggested by the gleam of the armored host; (2) the flocks of birds, referring to its numbers and tread; (3) the swarms of flies, to its persistence; (4) the goat453.
:

453.

herd and his flocks, to

bull

its

systematic ordering according to tribes

(5) the

and herd,
ixaQev

to
:

Agamemnon's pre-eminence

^vre

[u>s ort].

456.

tance, instead of in the vicinity of the light.

'from far away;' the point of view chosen is in the disThis illustrates a (uniformly

noticeable) diversity of

Greek from Engl, idiom.

'
:

the twv: connect with x a^ K0 "< a "d translate (vv. 457 and 458) resplendent gleam from the vast expanse of bronze of these as they

457.

Oionreo-t-io marched along came through the upper air to heaven.' (6e6s and stem ereTr-, cf v. 483): lit. 'divinely spoken,' then 'marvellous,'

'vast;' here epithet of xa^fo^: the 'broad expanse of bronze armor.'

ILIAD
459.
lated.

II.

215
464,

tv

is

taken up again by rwv in

v.

and must be

left

untrans-

460.

\r\vStv, "ycpdvcov, kvkvcov

appositives of opvidwv.

461.
the the

The river Kayster is in Lydia, flowing south of Mt. Tmolos into Aegean just north of Ephesus. The vale through which it flows is Asian mead,' whence perhaps the name Asia may "Actios \fificov
: '

have spread, as the designation of one of the grand divisions of the globe.
462.
&"ya\X<}(i,va, -irTtpv-yeo-a-iv [irrtpv^i]
: '

sporting exultingly on their

pinions,' dat. of means.

463.
din.'

KXoyyrjBbv irpoKaBi^vTwv

The

ptc. (agreeing
in

alighting one before another with a with the gens, in v. 460) describes most vividly
: '

which a flock of birds alight, those settling later dropping which have already touched the ground. Notice a flock of doves, as they alight rt in this verse, as in v. 456, has no translatable meaning.
the
in front of those

manner

465. 466.
quired.

irpoxyovTo:
iroSuv
It is
:

'

were pouring

forth.'

if

vir6

had purely

local signif. the dat. noaai

would be

re-

simplest to recognize here a transition to the causal signif.

(i.e.

Translate: 'under

because of the tread of J the feet of themselves

and the horses.'

467.
contain.

?orov

'they halted.' This and the two follg. verses are remark-

ably flowing, on account of the numerous liquids and vowels which they

468.
469.

aSpTj

may refer
:

to any season, here (as in v. 471) to

'

springtime.'

firndtov [jivttov]

from nom.

sing, fxvta.

Sc. with IQuta, T)Xa<ritov<Ttv

or similar verb.
471.
yXd-yos (nom. sing.)
Iirl Tp'-otcreri
:
:

heteroclite
'

form of
and

y<L\a, 'milk.'

472. 474.
lation

of hostile aim,

against the Trojans.'

is

Tovs simply anticipates rovs in

oSare [Scnrep]: see

v. 476,

best omitted in transirXaxt

is
'

on
;

v.

289

al"ir<5Xia

al-yuv

'wideas any

grazing (goat-) herds of goats

'

the epithet irAoreo

true to
is

life,

one
rial,

who has

ever seen goats grazing will recognize; alywv

if,

gen. of mateis aff.

pleonastic

as generally considered, the

:

first

part of alir6\ia

al-rdXoi ctvSpes

ifSpfs seems superfluous, but there are

e.g.

many

similar

instances of

its

use

170, fZain\r}i avSpl (cf.

:

216, 275, 485).

indie, in

475.
vo(iu:

peia

[jSaS/ais]

SiaKpCvtotri
:

we should have

prose

local dat

fiL-yeoxriv

2 aor. pass. subj.

'when they have become

intermingled

in the pasture.'

The

subj. in the temporal clause implies a

repeated
477.

act.

Uvai

G. 229, 225, H. 728. inf. of purpose (see on

8)

(itA 8

adv.

'

and among

them.'
478.

In giving to

Agamemnon

the majestic head of Zeus, the broad

breast of Poseidon, and the slender waist of Ares, the poet

shows

that

established types of representation of the different deities already existed

in sculpture.

NOTES.
d-yXT|<|)i

480.
Povs
is

[ayeKy]

'in the herd.'

Sketch of Dialect,
designates
218.

9, 1

comm. gender and

:

the appositive ravpos

the sex.

2-irXero

'

is

'

gnomic

aor.,

see on

A
:

481. 4S3.

Po'eo-o-i [jSoi/o-t]

dypofuvn.o-1
: '

sync. 2 aor. midd. ptc.

from aytipw.

T|p<r<riv [yfpuo-iir]

among
5,

the heroes,' dat. of interest loosely

connected with Qoxov-

G. 184,

H. 601.
is

484 whence
(v.

'ia-irtn: 'relate.'

The form
(v. 455),
is

2 aor. imv.

from stem
'

<reir-

'say,'

ao-ire-ros,

'untold'

and

0e-o*ire'-o"ios,

divinely spoken'

457), are

both derived.
it

There

a pres. iv-iirw (for

j/-<r(e)ir-eTe.

iv-o-tirw),

and Hadthe

ley considers to-rcer* 2 aor. imv. for

Curtius, on the other

<re-<rire-T6.

hand, makes

simply a redupl. 2 aor. imv. for

What

relation of the

stem

o-eir-

to the

stem Few-

is, is

not clear, but the two ap-

pear to have been confounded by the Greeks.

the daughters of
priate before

The appeal

to the
is

Muses,
approtest of

Mnemosyne ('Memory') and

of Zeus (v. 491),

commencing the catalogue (vv. 494-759) so severe a the Minstrel's memory. See Introduction, p. xix.
485.
Trdpeore
kXs'ds
;
' :

sc
:

iravi,
'

suggested by iravra.
Distinguish
:

486.
'

oiov
'

only rumor.'

olos,

'

alone

'

otos,

such as
488.

olos,

of a sheep.'
:

p.v8T|o-o|iai, 6vojit|v&>
is

aor. subjunctives.
cf.

It is uncertain

whether

the &v

to be repeated with the ovo/x^vw,

fjTop
:

137, 262.

490.
492.

lit.

'

heart,'

i.e.

'

lungs.'

\ivj\tra.iaQ'

80-01 [fxyr/o-aivTo

avrwv

ocrot]

'

should bring them to

thus given

mind
'

as

many

as.'
:

493.
all,

irpo-irdo-as

the force of irp6 in this

compound may be

as one proceeds forward in an enumeration.'

494.
785.
It

At this point begins the catalogue of ships which ends with v. was known among the ancients by the name Botwrla, because the
v.

Boeotians (Boiwtwv,
ity

494) stand

first in

the enumeration.

Their prior(cf.

may be due

to the fact that the expedition set sail

from Aulis

303) in Boeotia.

To

the ancients this catalogue

greatest importance, and

was regarded

as

was a document of the authoritative upon the question

and the

as to what towns in ancient times belonged to the various districts of

Greece.

Its interest at the present time is chiefly geographical,

student will most easily become familiar with the location of the places named by referring to the three maps (from Kiepert's Atlas of Hellas and the Hellenic Colonies: Berlin, 1872) which follow. For most other details,

he must refer to the Classical Dictionary. should be remarked that many of the Homeric localities ceased in after times to be inhabited, or can no longer be identified by their names, so that the maps are to a certain degree conjectural. The catalogue prehistorical, mythological, etc.,
It

sents few grammatical difficulties.

496.
fers to

ol

8'

ol (in this verse

its

and
lit.

in vv. 499, 500, 503, 504, 505, 507) reis

Boiwtwv as

antecedent,

tc

without connecting force (see on

86)

vju>vto: 'possessed,'

'fed upon.'

ILIAD

II.

217

BOEOTIA, PHOKIS, LOKRIS IN

498.

THE HOMERIC

AGE.

VV. 404-535.

appears later in pi. form e.g. Tpata the place whence the later appellatives, rpatKoi and the Lat. Graeci, were derived. Thebes itself is not mentioned because that had 505. 'Yiro9T|f3as already been destroyed by the 'Eiriyovoi, lit. 'After-born,' i.e. sons of those who made the first attack upon Thebes, but only its successor, "CitoQrf
:

GcVimav

like Tlkaretav (v. 504)

:

Qttnrftai, UAareiat

/3a,

the 'lesser' or 'later Thebes.'

appositive of a

seems rather strange that &\cros, 'grove,' should be an There may have been no proper city aside from Poseidon's grove and temple, as there was no town at Olympia except
506.
dXo-os
:

it

city.

in connection with the sacred Altis.

509.

tuv

resumptive of Botwrwv
v
:

(v.

494),

somewhat

like

row's in v.

476
'

join with ficuvov, 'were embarking,'

set sail (see
'

i.e.

r&v in v. 464, from Aulis,

whence the expedition

510.
511.

on

v. 303).

Kovpoi
I8'(e')

fighting youths
[oi)

of the nobility.
:

ij8e

Mwveiov

adj.

'

Minyeian.'

The famous

tribe of the

Minyai took the principal part Their capital was Orchomenos.

514.
515.
vircpwiov eio-ava.Ba.o-a
: '

in the

Argonautic expedition.

after she

had gone up into the upper

Z6fia>.

chamber,' added instead of a partitive appositive to

"Ap^i: dat. 'to Ares.'

irapeX'aTo
:

Thus

it

was that Ares was the progenitor

of the Minyai

from stem \ex~G. 184,

3,

516.

rots

dat. limiting verb (sVtixoWto), instead of gen. (of posses-

sion) limiting

noun
:

(v4ts

vrjcs).

N. 4,

H.

597.
is

519.

IIv9wva

the later Delphi.

cliffs,

The

epithet irsTpfcoaa.

propriate from the mighty

side of the

which

rise

more than 1000

36.

feet

most apon each

522. 526.

o'l

t'

chasm dpa
: '

in
:

which was the oracle.

cf.

for force of &pa(f>a),

2p.irXT]v

hard

by,'

contains the root of jreAas,

ieK-r\<j[ov,

and gov-

erns the gen.

21
529.
polated.

NOTES.
This verse was generally regarded by the ancient
critics as inter-

The frequent
for.
:

repetition of the fact of his inferiority of stature

seems uncalled
530.
is

Kko.o-to

plupf.

from

Kaivvfiai

with signif of
.

ipf.,

'

excelled.'

It

followed by ace, not by the gen. as a word of superiority

:

IlaveX-

Xrjvas

'the united Hellenes.'

This expression designates the collective

(v.

inhabitants of Northern Greece, as Uavaxaioi

lective inhabitants of

404) signifies the col-

Peloponnesus and islands.

'

535.

irc'pnv [irepa^l

opposite.'

Uptis : designation of certain islands,

see on
536.

366.
:

\uvea. irvaovTts

'

breathing (breath which

is) fury.'

The

ace. is

cognate
538.
542.

"A|3avTs

the

name
'

of one of the aboriginal tribes of Greece.

?4>a\ov=67rl
SiriOev

ttjs

a\6s:
:

on the

sea.'

KO^owvTes

i.e.

with the front part of the head shorn and

with a long queue, like the Tartars or Chinese.

Ko/jtSwvTes,

Contrast with

icdprj

and see on

v. II.

The Abantes were

i.e.

a wild barbarous race,

hardly Hellenes.

544
tirjiuv,

dodecasyllabic verse,

consisting of six spondees.

:

For

see on v. 415

dptipl <mfj8eo-o-i
:

'about their breasts.'

shows apocope and assimilation. is to the Erechtheum at Athens, not of course the sumptuous Ionic temple of which the ruins still stand The site of the Erechtheum was there, but a far earlier, ruder shrine. the most sacred in the Acropolis, for here it was that Poseidon had left the mark of his trident in the rock whence issued the salt spring, and here it was that Athena had called forth from the rock the sacred olive-tree. Here, too, was worshipped the rude image of Athena, which, like that of Ephesian Artemis, was believed to be A<o7reT?7s, fallen from Zeus.' 'propitiate him,' i.e. the deified Erechtheus whose 550. p-iv IXdovrai worship was founded and sanctioned by Athena. 552. Ilereoio very peculiar form of gen. for Tiered from nom. Hereds. 553. tu 'to him,' i.e. Menestheus. 555. There is great similarity between the last hemistich of this verse and that of r 215.
549.

KaS

i<rv [/cafleTo-ec]

prep,

cu> vt)u> [t<

avTTjy vet].

The

reference

'

557.

8uoKaiSKa

[8<5eca].

558. 559.
'

tv'(a): local, 'where.'

The Cyclopean

walls of Tiryns are in parts quite perfect

still.

They
tion
:

are built of

enormous stones, and have

this peculiarity of construc-

a tunnel runs lengthwise through the wall, from which, by openings

above, the defenders could appear at any point on the top of the wall to
repel an attack.

Troezen was the home of Aithra, daughter of king Pittheus Here she brought forth Theseus, the national hero of Attika, and here he passed his boyhood before going to seek adventures and his
561.
(r 144).

ILIAD

II.

219

TAINARON

THE PELOPONNESUS
throne at Athens.

IN

THE HOMERIC AGE.

W.

550-637.

Epidauros was the seat of the most famous shrine of

Asklepios (Aesculapius). Here were great curative establishments, famous

physicians, and one of the largest theatres in Greece, the latter
existing in

now

good preservation. 562. AK-yivav Aigina was ruled by Aiakos, the progenitor of Achilles. The towns from which the contingent of Diomede came were among the most famous and powerful in Greece. 568. oySuKOVTa [oySoriKovra]. 569. As Argos heads the list of towns represented in Diomede's contingent, so does Mykenae that of those in Agamemnon's.
:

220
572.
575.
86i [o5]
:

NOTES.
'where.'
: '

alyvaXov dvd irdvTO

throughout the whole

coast-line.'

576.

twv Ikotov vnwv

'of the ioo ships of these.'

ra>v (masc.)

tovtwv is possessive gen. limiting vquv, and is the antecedent of o'i in v. 569 and of o'i in v. 573. ISiio-aTo clad himself in.' 578. Iv 8' adv., and among them.' 580. This verse is probably spurious ; if translated, it should be con:
' :

'

nected with Kv5t6uv

in

fipioros: here, as in

91,

used of pre-eminence
of:

wealth and dignity.

586.

tuv: limits vewv, as

in v. 576, 'their sixty ships.'

'brother

commanded.' 'apart,' 'by themselves,' a sign of the dir-d-repGe (&rep) [&vev] 587. different footing on which Menelaos stood from the other chiefs. 590. See on v. 356. Little censure of Helen is implied in this verse.

commanded

for him,' instead of 'his brother

:

595.
pi'l'iKa
:

dvTO|veu
'

(Sj'tojUoh)

[avrdw]

'meeting with.'

Odfivpiv tov
is

Thamyris, that Thracian.'

Not

the historical Thrace

here

Macedonia at the foot of Olympus, where the worship of the Olympian deities and the Muses was first developed by such singers as Orpheus, Thamyris, Musaios, and thence extended to Greece generally. These singers were considered the fathers of Greek poetry. Here Thamyris is represented, like a rhapsodist,
referred to, but Pieria, a region in southern
as wandering about

and
'
;

visiting the courts of different kings.

:

597.

o-reOro -yap evxoyvos viK^ortiv

'for he declared with boasts that

(cf.

he would conquer
dcCSoicv
'

join inf. directly with ffrevro

in

T S3)
et

ei/irep

&v

even should the Muses

person sing

; '

for

&v w. opt. see on

60.

604.

Alirvnov

adj. equivalent to Altrvrov,

the gen. sing, of noun.

See on B 20, 54. it has been remarked that 609. 'A-yairf|vwp leader is not again mentioned in the Iliad.

With

ai/tpes sc. fiat.

this single

Arcadian

614.

rl

p,|iT|Xei

for phrase,

cf. v.

338.

Living in the interior,

they had no experience or knowledge of the sea.

616.
8<r<rov
j>*
: '

as far

as,'

i.e.

'

over as large a space

as.'

617.
but
is

vt6s

p-yi

'shuts

in,'

'includes.'
its

iepyei agrees with 'AXeltriov,

understood with the other subjects;

:
'

object is"HA.iSa understood.

lit.
'

Translate freely
clude Elis.'

as

much

of Elis as they include,'

as far as they in-

619. 625.
626.

iroXs 8*

|i(3cuvov

'Eimol: 'for the Epeioi embarked in large

sc. Jjcrav.

numbers.'
ot 8' K

AovXfyoio
:

vaovo-i

'lie,'

lit.

'dwell.'

"HXiSos &vto,;

'opposite Elis.'

The poet has placed

629.
631.

these islands too far to the southward.

:

d-irvd<rcraTo (vaiu)

'

withdrew.'

Odysseus was king of a large island-kingdom.

The

collective

ILIAD
name
he
is

II.

221

for his subjects

specially associated,
'IOdiojv:

632, 633.

was Kf>a\XTjves. Ithaka, the island with which was only a very small part of his domain. the town Ithaka; the other three places in these

two

vv. are all thought of as situate in the island Ithaka.

635.

Tyrmpov

'main-land,' probably
' :

Akamania and Leukas, then a

promontory
638.

dvrnrepaia.

land lying opposite,' probably that part of

Elis situated over against the island Zakynthos.

This and the

follg.

verse give the reason

why Thoas came

of

leader of the Aetolians.

The most famous

of the sons of

to be Oineus were

Tydeus and Meleager.

(v.

Tydeus perished before the walls

Meleager, by the act of his

643.

own mother.

Meleager alone

is

Thebes mentioned

642) as the most famous of the sons of Oineus.

Translate

'

and

it

had been charged upon him

to act as king

for the Aetolians in every matter.'

lies

Verses 645-670 describe Crete and Rhodes. In the center of Crete Mt. Ida, over 6000 feet high. North of this, on the coast, was Knosos

(written also
tyna).

Knossos and Gnossos)

south, Gortys or Gortyn (later Gor-

In the eastern part of the island lay Lyktos, Miletos, Lykastos.

lay near Gortyna.
east, Ialysos

In Rhodes only three towns are on the north, Kameiros on the west. The disproportionate length of the story of Tlepolemos (vv. 65S-667), grafted in upon the account of the Rhodians, has suggested that it may have been composed by a Rhodian rhapsodist.
655.
658.

Phaistos and Rhytion named, Lindos on the

8id
Pitj

construe with
:

Koa-fiTjOtVrcs.
'

'HpaK\i]iT]
:

i.e.

to the

659.
660.

d^ero

subj. is 'HpaxArjs suggested

al^Tjuv:

mighty Herakles,' cf. v. 666 and r 105. by adj. 'HpoKA.7jeijj in v. 658.

;'

8ioTp<J>'a>v

'noble warrior

SioTpe^tcau here signifies

simply that those

661.

whom
: '

he slew belonged to the heroic stock.

ixiyrpuia

8' lirel ofiv

and so when.'
<j>CXov
'
:

662.

irarpos soio

his father's

own

(4>(\ov)

uncle

(mother's brother).'
667dX-yea irdo-xwv
:

common
:

phrase apparently half conventional,

the Rhodians
KaTa(j>vXo-

and often used because

668.
o KTl9ev

it

conveniently closes a verse.

'they dwelt,'
ie.

[uKr)Or)ffav]

8dv

'

according to

tribes,'

equivalent to koto <pv\a, v. 362.

670. There were later legends of a golden shower which Zeus had shed upon the island Rhodes. Another story about the island was that the sun shone there every clay in the year. On the face of the coins of Rhodes is the face of the sun-god Apollo on the reverse side, a rosebud
;

(^5or).
671.

The

small islands mentioned, vv. 671-680, are

Syme, Nisyros

Karpathos, Kasos, Kos, Kalydnai.

as Sporades.

They
;

constitute the group

known

They

are situated, reckoning from

Syme and Nisyros

to the northwest

Rhodes Karpathos and Kasos

as a centre:
to the south-

222

NOTES.

TUE HOMERIC PELASG1C ARGOS, OR THE DISTRICT BETWEEN MT. OLYMPUS AND THE MALIC GULF ROUGHLY CORRESPONDING TO THE LATER THESSALY. VV 681-750.

west

Kos

to the north

islands near

Kos

Niptvs

Kalydnai probably designates a number of small the repetition of the name in this and in
:

the follg. vv.,

common

in poetry of all languages, is called epanalepsis.

It

serves to keep alive the attention of the reader or hearer.

names
faced'

of the parents of Nireus

suggest that

Aglaia, 'splendor,' Charopos,

was hereditary.

The

significant

'bright-

his beauty
:

674.
fluous,

twv &XAa>v Aavauv

as gen. of the whole,

&\\wv would be superin

because the gen. of the whole should include the word denoting

the part, and i\\wu would exclude Nipeus.

Explain as

505.

675.
676.
cros,

dXairaSvos

'

feeble.'
cf.

KpdiraOos: metathesis for Kdpirados,

Opdaos, Kaprepds for ddp-

Kpartp6s.
'

English,
curds.
677.

Sidgwick mentions, as illustrations of the same thing in Brummagem for Birmingham, and, in local dialects, 'cruds for
'

'

Kuv
tois

ace. sing, contracted for

K<W.

The nom.

sing, is K6ws,

contracted
680.

KcSs.
:

for dat. see

:

on

v. 602.
;

681.

tovs

stands here without a verb

perhaps ipew

(cf. v.

493)

is

to

be supplied.

ILIAD
684.
subjects,

II.

223

Mvpp,8ovS,"EXXt]VS, 'A\aiol:
Mvpixttovts
a

ning with the more specific.

names arranged in order, beginis the special name for Achilles's

E\\T)ves refers particularly to the inhabitants of UfAatryiKbv

"Apyos, 'Axaioi designates in general the Achaian host under the com-

mand

of

Agamemnon.
Translate: 'of their (rwv)
fifty

685..

ships again Achilles

was com-

mander.'
686.
^fivtiovro
:

(prs. nvdo/xai or
/JUflVTIffKO).

/jli/jlvtio-koj).

'were mindful of;' assimilated ipf. from stem /xvaThe meaning seems to be nearly that of
'

687.

Translate

for there

was no one who would lead them

follg.

into line

of battle.'

688.

In this and the three

verses the circumstances of the cap-

ture of Briseis are described, see on

392.

692.

ko.8

^{JaXev

i.e.

airtKreivev.

694.

rSjs

for gen. of cause with axevv,

This verse
tire

is

very

weak and
:

unpoetical,

see also on A 65. cf. v. 689 and Zenodotus rejected the en;

passage, vv. 6S6-694.

tyev KctTa
cf.
:

699.
700.

d}i<f>i.Spv(jWjs

'

KdTtx y T 2 43with both cheeks

>

torn,' in sign of

deepest grief.

The
tive
:

wife of Protesilaos

was Laodamia.
ov8'
I
:

Cf Wordsworth's Laodamia.
(/x^v).'
:
'

703.
'

ov84

|iv

[=

/x-fiv]

negation strengthened by double negayl \uv [ufa]

'
:

but by no means

assure you

certainly.'

Translate the last hemistich

though longing for

their

and yet com-

mander.'
707.
irpdrtpos [irpoytvio~Tepos]
:
'

younger.'

708.
ancient

This and the

critics.

follg. verse,

as repetitious, were rejected by

some

714.

im* 'A8(i^t<o

vw6 occurs several times in connection with tIkto>,

(cf.

with the dative of person

715.

vv. 725, 742, 820).

"AXKijo-ns

of her death in her husband's stead.

the tragedy in

by Euripides, Robert Browning's translation of Balaustiori's Adventure should be read.

:

famous

for the beautiful story, as told

723.

'tkKti

\Lo\6it,ovra

koxu

6\oo<f>povo$

iiSpov

'

tormented by the

dreadful sore (from the bite) of the deadly water-snake.'

The

story of

how

the recall of Philoktetes, necessary in order that

Troy might be
of Herakles,
It is

taken, because in his possession were the

bow and arrows

was accomplished by Odysseus,

in vv. 724, 725.

is

not found in the Iliad.

alluded to

731.

'

Ao-KXiTiruoi)
'

here

is

a case where the original reading seems to

have been
741.

A<TKhiriri6o.
:

t6cto

used indifferently of either parent

[irt]
'

'begat' or 'brought

forth,' cf. follg. verse.

743.
vras
:

f\\uiT\. t?
'

shaggy monsters,'

on the day when,' as in v. 351 i.e. centaurs, see on A 268.

<pfjpas

XaxWj-

' '

224

NOTES.

750. A<i)8(ivrjv: generally located by geographers in Thessaly, not far from modern Jannina, although a scholion in Codex Venetus places it in Molossis in Epirus. Here was the most venerable oracle of the Hellenic Zeus disclosed his will in the rustling of the holy oak and the race. murmur of the waters of a cold sacred stream at its foot 8v<rxifxepov
:

'

wintry.'

751.

Translate

'and who cropped their

fields (Zpya)

about the lovely

Titaresios.'

752.

irpofei \npoii\ai\
irpo-iew.

accent inconsistent with

above.'

its

formation as

if

from

a pres.
754.

Ka0vlirep6v

'

down from

This verse describes, in a

poetical way,

how

the clear waters of the mountain stream (Titaresios)

river of the plain (Peneios).

refuse to

mix with the muddy

This verse assigns the reason for the refusal of the waters of the The former is a branch Titaresios to unite with those of the Peneios. (airoppoi^) of the Styx, connected in some mysterious subterranean way
755.
'

with

it,

and the water of

this dreadful river,

it is

taken for granted, unites

first

with no other water.

758. 759.

Notice the slow movement of the

observe the paronomasia.

hemistich,

suited to the solemn words opKou yap Seivov.

IIpoOoos Ooos

This verse marks the conclusion of the catalogue of the Greeks. Now, before enumerating the Trojans, a moment is taken to answer the who was the bravest chief ? which were the fleetest horses ? questions 'iweire 761. ri% t' dp see on A 8 ox' dpurros see on A 69
: ' ' ' : :

see on v. 484

jiowra

for sense in

which the word

is

used, see on

1.

762.

avrwv

f|8'

Hinrwv

'

of the

men themselves and

v. 762.

of their horses,'

both words
763.
in this best.'

in apposition
p*"y'

with rwv,
:

passage

way to manage the fern, gender mares of Admetos were by far the Admetos was the son of Pheres, Qr)pJiTid$r]s. Mares were preXtnroi piv
is

fipwrrai

the best

to translate: 'the

ferred in ancient warfare.

and short final syllable made long compared with birds not as swiftIn other words, there is no emphasis laid on the first footed, but as swift. part of the compound iro8-a>Ktas (see on tpvox^i, A 598). equal as <TTa4>vA.T) iir\ vutov cto-as of one age.' 765. ol-frcas measured by the plumb-line over their backs.' Perhaps we are to think
764.
6pvi0ds us
see
:

for accent of &s

before

it,

on

v. 190.

The mares

are

'

'

of the use of the plumb-line in connection with the square in the

way

often practised at the present day to determine whether two points are of

equal height.
backs,'
i.e.
;

simpler translation is: 'like a plumb-line over their

<TTa.<pi\i):
lit.

'straight-backed,' not hollow-backed.

'

'a bunch

of grapes

then, from similarity of shape, a

:

'

plummet.'

766.

Opty' [tdpctye]
in

from

rptcpu.

Apollo served as herdsman to Ad-

metos

Pereia in Thessaly, and there reared these famous mares.

ILIAD
767.
4">P ov "ApTjos
<popcovo-a$
:

II.

225
flight

'carrying (where they went)

caused by Ares.'
769.
8<ppa
'
:

as long as.'
:

770.

d}j.vp.ova

'faultless,' in

sense of

92.

No

chief

and no steeds

could compare with Achilles and his divine horses so long as they were present in the camp.
773.

Xoof

i.e.

the

Myrmidons.
:

'hurling hunting-spears.' For dat., see G. 188, seems rather strange that, so far away from home and on a warlike expedition, they should have had with them 'hunting-spears.' 776. \utov a species of clover.' 'were standing.' We are 777. Jforao-av (plupf. with signif. of ipf.) to think of the parts of the chariots as taken asunder, and laid separately dvdKT<ov away. To fit them together for service was evrvveiv Hpfiara i.e. of Achilles and the under-chieftains of the Myrmidons. 780. 01 8 with these words the poet leaves Achilles and the Myrmidons, and turns back to describe the advance of the other chiefs of the vjmhto, ktA. as if the earth were to be devoured.' The Achaians. opt. is one of simple conception, and an opt. with &v may be supplied as the conclusion of the condition. Thus (ws and e being separated) as h.v as would be the case, if the earth were devoured et-rj, el x^av ve^oiro (by fire).' The meaning is (probably) that the splendor of their armor as they marched was as if all the earth were aflame. Ait (final syllable used long before 781. us for accent, cf. v. 764 jus): supply viro<TTevaxi(*i, and translate 'as it groans under the might as Zeus makes the earth groan beneath his of Zeus,' or more freely power for dat., G. 184, 3, H. 596, 597. 782. Ip-do-a-fl sc. subj. Zeis. The myth was that the giant Typhoeus was buried in Kilikia in the country of the Arimoi. The monster thus buried is the personification of a volcano ; now and then he moves himself slightly, which makes an earthquake ; and Zeus occasionally 'lashes' the

774.

ai-yave'Tjo-i

Uvts

1,

H. 607.

It

'

'

'

'

'

region where he 784. 785.

tJiv
.

is
.

buried with his thunder-bolts,

epxojit'vwv
:

i.e.

with lightning.
irocnri.

connect as limiting gen. with

'

irtSioto

best taken as local gen.

on the

plain.'

Cf.

14.

The account
their order the

of the host of the Greeks

is
it

now complete,
:

and, before

passing on to the muster of the Trojans,

will

be well to enumerate in
Peneleos, Leitos,

Greek

chieftains.

The

list is

as follows

Arkesilaos, Prothoenor, Klonios

(v. 512),

(vv. 494, 495),

Askalaphos, Ialmenos

(v. 517), Ajax (v. 527), ElephenSr (v. 540), Ajax Telamonios (v. 557), Diomedes, Sthenelos, Euryalos (v. 563), Agamemnon (v. 576), Menelaos (v. 586), Nestor (v. 601), Agapenor (v. 609), Amphimachos, Thalpios (v. 620), Diores (v. 622), Polyxeinos (v. 623), Meges (v. 627), Odysseus (v. 631", Thoas (v. 63S), Idomeneus (v. 645), Meriones (v. 651), Tlepolemos (v. 653), Nireus

Schedios, Epistrophos
(v. 552),

Menestheus

226
(v.
(v. (v.

NOTES.
Pheidippos, Antiphos
(v.

671),

678), Achilles (v. 685), Protesilaos

698), 727),

Podarkes

(v. 740),

Eumelos (v. 714), Philoktetes (v. 718), Medon Podaleirios, Machaon (v. 732), Eurypylos (v. 736), Polypoites fortyLeonteus (v. 745), Gouneus (v. 748), Prothoos (v. 756),
(v. 704),

six heroes in all.

786.
788.
counsel.

wKe'o [o>/cia]

nom.
: '

d-yopds d-yopcvov

fern, from wkvs, see Sketch of Dialect, 13, 3. were holding assembly,' i.e. were gathered for

789.
791.
794. 137

%cv

fjSt:

'both
:

and.'

da-a.ro (eftoiJiai)

'

likened herself.'

Sc'yimvos (2 aor. ptc.

vav<j>iv [vewi/]
:

midd. from 8exP ai

'

'expecting,' see
:

on

v.

see on v. 363.

owpopjirjOcicv

'should start 'on

their return.

The
:

opt.

may be

explained on the general principle of ora-

tio obliqua, after

a secondary tense.
see on

795.

i<ra(Avr)

A
:

306.
'

796.

p.i)9oi <j>CX.oi

aKpiToi

endless talk

is

dear,'

i.e.

you are

all

too

fond of words when deeds are needed.

797.
802.

ws
8c
:

itot'
'

elpTJvT);

'

as once in time of peace.'

now,' as in
to

282.

Translate the verse

(ye) so
'

'

Now

enjoin

upon you especially

802-806).

do precisely

(i.e.

as

is

described in vv.

803.
804.

iro\\o

pred. adj.
:

'many 'are,

etc.

Translate

'

Diverse from one another are the languages of

ap\ci
'

widely scattered men.'

805.
i.e.
'

toio-iv olo-l ircp

to those for

whom

he

is

commander,'

his soldiers.'
otf

807.
808.

ti ^yvot]o-cv

litotes,

see on

220.
is, what and they

'ikvo*

d-yop^v

'

dissolved the assembly,' performed, that

cirl

was properly
809.
gate.

the duty of Priam

tcvxcci

8'

co-o-cvovto

'

were hurrying to arms.'

irdo-ai irvXoi
'
:

the whole gate,'

i.e.

both doors of the Scaean

'

synizesis of last two syllables koXcovt) mound.' Here again we have an allusion to two languages, that of men and that of gods, see on A 403 Ba-riciav (fidros, 'bramble'): lit.

811. 813.

tt6\ios

'Thornhill.'

815.

8iKpi0cv [SieKpi6r)ffav]

'

tation (vv. 805, 806),

and

after the

was arranged according to Iris's exhormanner of the Achaians(vv. 362 ff.,

'

446, 476.

Before taking up the

list

of the Trojans in detail, a few

words as

to the

composition of the host will be in place. The entire force consists of sixteen detachments. Five of these came from Troy and its more immediate vicinity (vv. 816-839), while the remaining eleven (vv. 840-877) are

ILIAD

II.

227

from the allies (tirUovpoi). Of these last, three divisions came from Europe, and nine from Asia. It will be noticed that Trojan reinforcements came from many cities (e.g. Sestos, Abydos, Miletos) which were subsequently important Greek colonies and became thoroughly Hellenic. We are not to assume any important difference in race between the Greeks and Trojans. They worship the same gods, have essentially the same
customs, and confer together without interpreters, using the same language.
as
is

shown by

Yet the Trojans stand upon a lower moral level than the Greeks, their practice of polygamy, and their forces are less homo-

geneous,
(v. 804).

the
On

allies

in

particular speaking

many

different languages

the general topic of race, language, and character of the

i.

Trojans, see Curtius's Greek History, vol.

pp. 88, 89.

816.

TpoxrC
:
'

the Trojans proper,

i.e.

the inhabitants of

Troy

ko-

pvO-aioXos

with tossing helmet.'

"

818.

|ji|xa6Ts "YX 'U

'

pressing forward with their spears,' dat. of

instrument.
819.

AapSaviwv

'

Dardanians,' inhabitants of Dardania, a district on

'

the N. side of Mt. Ida.

nelles,'

preserves the

The modern name of the Hellespont, Dardamemory of this word. The Dardanians are next in
(v.

valor to the Trojans.

821.
PpoTui: appositive of 'Ayx'tat)

820), as
is

is

also Ota oi'A<ppoSirr}.

The
by

contrast between the words Oed, f}por$

made

the

more prominent

their position.

822.
litotes.

ovk olos

'

by no means alone,' may be regarded as a kind of

kinds
of,' in

823.
taken.

irdo-rjs

'

all

which sense
'
:

iro<n,

5,

may

also be

824.

iroSa

vdarov [v4arov=
this

tcrxaToe]

remotest extremity,' northernlies in springs, as

most point
825.

of Ida.
:

\ukav iiSwp

phrase describes water as

it

contrasted with the flowing water, bright with the light of the sun (ay\abv
SSap). The same expression, Mavpb Nepi, Black Water,' is a very frequent name for springs in the Modern Greek. The expression, those who drink the water of,' has passed into poetry as an equivalent of those
' ' '

who

live in.'

838.
839.

'Apio-p^ev
ai'0a>vs
:

[<?|

'Aplafas].
; '

may
:

perh. be translated 'sorrel

yet see on

482.

840.

IleXeurywv

the origin and race (ethnical affinities) of the Pelas-

We know that they were widely spread over the Greek peninsula in the prehistoric period, and we see from this passage that a part of them remained in Asia Minor. Hdt. i. 94 speaks of Pelasgians in Lydia and in Etruria. They are described as an agricultural people who settled in fertile (cf. the word here used, 4pi&w\ai<a) plains,
gians are uncertain.

'

228

NOTES.

and gave the name Larisa (or Larissa) to their cities. Eleven towns bearing this name are enumerated by ancient authors, of which three were in Asia Minor. The one here referred to was probably near Kyme in Aiolis. The epithet iyxta-tfi-upovs, mighty with the spear,' is inconsistent with the
'

peaceful character usually ascribed to the Pelasgians. 844. Qp^iKas The Thracians dwelt along the coast from the Hellespont to the river Hebros.
:

845.

tv-rbs epYi:

'includes' (as in

v.

617),

i.e.

shuts off to the west

and separates from the races of Asia Minor. 846. Kikovwv a warlike tribe whose city Odysseus plundered on his return from the Trojan war, (t 39-61). They are to be sought on the
:

coast, just west of the

Hebros.

848.
851.

Ilafovas

the Paionians were a

:

Macedonian

tribe.

IIa<p\a-y6vwv

Paphlagonia was on the south coast of the Pon-

tos Euxeinos, west of the river Halys.

852.

'Eve-nay

the 'Evcroi, a tribe of the Paphlagonians

who
'

subse-

quently emigrated to the Adriatic Sea.

'Eueroi, Lat. Veneti,
fields,'
(cf.
*

Hence

are derived the

:

names

and ultimately Venice

<vypoTpaa>v

living in the

wild

; '

the suffix -repos has here not exactly comparative force

'

bpiffTcpos

dwelling in the mountains

'),

yet

suggests

certain

contrast with those

858.
ol&)vitrTT|s
:

who
'

dwell in the towns.

one

who

divines from the flight of birds-of-omen

(oluvol), 'augur.'

862.

"^piiyas

See on A 62. the Phrygians are again mentioned and more

fully de-

scribed in T 1S4-187.

They dwelt
Askania
is

in central

Asia Minor, were drivers of

glancing steeds, and possessed a land rich in vineyards.

863.
better
'Ao-Kavtrjs
:

the town on the lake of the

same name,
it.

known

in later times because the important imperial city of

(seat of the council of Nicaea, 325 A. D.)

also, Ascanius,

was situated upon

Nicaea Hence,

the son of Aeneas, received his name p.p.acrav (2 from stem fia-, pres. fiaiofiai) were eager,' cf. fj.tfj.a6rts, v. 818 vxrp.ivi this form is an isolated dat. sing, of 3 decl. all other forms are
plupf.
;

of

decl.
M-rfoo-i
:

864.

the Myjovts [Matovcs], or

'

Maeonians,' were the people

who were later called Lydians. 867. Kapuv: nom. pi. Kapes,
of Asia to

a people occupying the southwest corner

:

Minor
'

Pappapotfxivojv
; '

in the later classic use, fidpPapos

mean 'non-Greek
868.
869.
4>0ipu)v
:

here

it is

not used in that sense, but the

ar, d

came compound
upos-

signifies

rough-voiced.'
ntr. sing. ace. obj. of
:

ex ov

>

explained by

MaidvSpov the Maeander, from the winding course of which is derived the Engl, word 'meander,' was one of the great rivers of Asia Minor, flowing westward into the Aegean sea at Miletus MvkolXiis Mykale, a promontory in Ionia opposite Samos, was the scene of the
:

ILIAD

II.

229

great naval victory over the Persians gained by the Athenians on the same day as that on which the battle of Plataea was fought, B. C. 479.
872.
i]VTt KovpT]
:

connect, not with

Uv

[j?e<],

but with xP v<r ^", used

with special reference to bracelets or necklaces.

873.
of apKiw.

Wjmos

'fool.'

kirr\pKtcrt

'ward
of
is

off;' the original

meaning

876.
chiefs

The list closes with the names who fought for Troy. The Iliad
Glaukos
' :

two
so

of the very noblest of the

their exploits that

full of

they need no fuller mention here.

to Hector.
is

Sarpedon, the son of Zeus, ranks next mentioned at length in Z 145 follg.

877.

Avktis

Lykia,' on the south coast of Asia Minor, east of Karia,

the remotest point hitherto mentioned

To

this fact

Sarpedon alludes, E 478

whence allies of the Trojans came. Hdv9ov a river in Lykia, not

:

the Xanthos of the Troad.

We will recapitulate the leaders of the Trojans as we did those of the Greeks (v. 785). They are as follows: Hector (v. 816), Aeneas (v. 820), Archelochos, Akamas (v. 823), Pandaros
(v.
(v.

827), Adrestos,

840), Pylaios (v. 842),

Amphios (v. 830), Asios (v. 83S), Hippothoos Akamas, Peiroos (v. 844), Euphemos (v. 846),

Pyraichmes (v. 848), Pylaimenes (v. 851), Odios, Epistrophos (v. 856), Chromis, Ennomos (v. 858), Phorkys, Askanios (v. 862), Mesthles, Antiphos (864), Nastes (v. 867), Amphimachos (v. 871), Sarpedon, Glaukos
(v. 876),

twenty-seven chiefs in

all.

BOOK THIRD.
ap

a/xfia o

a/x<p

Jl<\ev7)<;

0101$ fiouos eariv aKoirat?.

Gamma
1.

the single fight doth sing 'tzuixt Paris

and the Spartan

king.

For the connection,

?KaoToi
KXayyTj t3
is
:

refer

back

to

476, 815

T|Yp.6v<r(ri [yye-

jio<n]

'

in separate divisions,' according to Nestor's advice

in

B
2.

362.
Ivoittj
:

two nouns

'with roar and cry;' the distinction between the KXayyv denotes an inarticulate sound, while voirf\ But it is probable that the two words (iveirw) describes spoken words. are used here as nearly synonymous to express more strongly one idea I'crav 'were marching.' (cf.<p6vov not Krjpa, v. 6; see on B 352) B 190 and 764. 6pvi0S ws the clause introduced by it does not prepare the 3. fri)T irep [Sxrirep] way for anything which follows, but is explanatory of dpviQes 8>s ovpavoOi irpo lit. in front of the sky,' i.e. flying just below the vault of
that
:
:

'

the sky.
4.

oSv

so,'
'

'

once for

all.'

fyvyov

gnomic

aor., see

on

218

d0<r<}>aTov
5.

unending.'
:

ire-rovTcu

the subject

is

really at t (v. 4)

rat ye (not necessary to

sense) repeats this subject

rl

po&uv

Vf is occasionally

used with

gen. of place whither.

H. 641 a, adfin. For Okeanos, conceived as a broad stream flowing around the world, see on A 413, and cf. Horn. Diet. IIii\|icUoi(ri 6. the Pygmies,' men a irvyix'fi (distance from the el'

bow

to the knuckle-joint) in height,

were fabled to dwell

in the south, in

India and Egypt.

Their land was yearly invaded by the cranes, with

ineffectual warfare.

which they waged desperate but

7.

Espial
'

'

at

early morn.'

irpocJMpovTcu

lit.

'

bring forth' (to

light),
8.

commence.'
Tp&es
818.
fiiv (v. 2)

01 8t: antithesis to

piva irvdovrts: see on

536.
9.

pepawTEs

see on

dW^Xouri

for case, dat. of adv., G.

184, 3, N. 3,

H.

597.

ILIAD
10.
cir* [is]
: :

III.

231
:

adv. of comparison

KOpv<f>rj<ri
1

local dat.

kcltI-

\evev
11.
is

gnomic
u.\lc'.v(>)

aor.

What

is

the Atlic form of

:

aor. of

x"
in a fog the flock

(agrees with dfiix^v)

it

'better

'

because
7(e):

not shut up in the fold as

12.

would be

at night.
as.'

toxo-ov

&trov

'(only)

so far

without weight
these.' irowo-C

in translation in cither clause.

13.
[noffl]

tuv

with strong

demonstrative
'
:

force,
;

'

of

kovCo-oAos cLcXXtjs

thick dust-whirl

'

for etymologies of both

words see Horn. Diet.

14.
15. ire8ioio

8iVpT]<r<rov
^ir'
:

for orig.
:

meaning
'

ttXX-fjXouri idvTs

of irp-liacru [irpaxTco], see on A 483. as they advanced against each other.'

for gen. see

' :

on B 785.
played the combatant in the fore-front of battle.'
a/j.v/xa>v,

16.

jrpop.dx^cv
'

OeoaSi'js

of godlike beauty,' like

(sc.

of externals only.
t6cl
:

17.

irapSaAenv

Sopdv)
{cf.

'

leopard-skin.'

pi.,

for the

bow

consisted of three pieces

18.

45).
8e,

avTup
on

scarcely differs here from

50).
lit.

except that

it is

not postposiKCKopv-

tive (see
0(j.eva

A
:

Sovpe 8vo

he held one in each hand

i.e.

yjxkKu

'helmeted with bronze,'

:

'with point of bronze.'

19.

7rpoKa\To
8'

20
21.
in this

us o5v

'

'was challenging,' by mien rather than by words. and when then.'

apiftyiXos: 'dear to Ares,' very

common

epithet of Menelaos, but

book

only.

Compounds
b,
:

of adjs. with the oblique case of a

irpoir&poiOev 6|uXov [irpb
6/u.i\ov].

noun

arc unusual.
22.

H. 473
pxiKpa
:

ad fin
'

(xcKpu f3ij3uvTa

taking long strides,' like a valiant hero, explains

as a lion

ipxtp-svov.
23.

cognate ace. with ftt&wvTa.

:

us

tya-P 1]

'

rejoices.'

The

clause

beginning
(v. 21),
-

with us does not close the period begun with ws iv6r\atv

but

forms a second protasis

25.
-yap

the form of a comparison) to ix^PV ( v 2 7)> the principal verb of the entire sentence irr\ . . Kvp<ras [ttrnvxaiv].
(in
.

the greediness with which he devours shows his hunger.

:

i ircp

&v

followed here, after a primary tense, by subj.

:

{cf.

597.)

28.

6<j>3aX;jLOicri

for this regular dat. of means,

587.

Homer

often uses iv

6(p6a\fx.o?(rt,

see on
:

29.

&Xto

for breathing, see

foot.
:

on

532.

He

sprang to the ground, for

'gives place in

Paris
33.

was on

-iraXCvopo-os aireVrn

'recoiling steps away,'

i.e.

terror.'

The
in the

aor. is

gnomic.

Vergil, Aen. II, 379, has

imitated the

phrase
34.

words trepidus
adv.
;

refugii.
i.e.

vrrd

'seizes his limbs below,'

his

knees tremble under

him.
35.

irapeias

in partitive apposition

with

fiiv.

In the repetition of re,

which adds rapidity and vividness

polysyndeton.

to the description,

we have a

case of

232
38.
39.

NOTES.
olcrxpots
:

the meaning

is

active,

'

injurious.'

Avtrirapi:
else).'
"

'cursed Paris.'
unborn.'

tiSos

dpurrc

'a hero in beauty

(and naught
40.
still

d'-yovos

'

Another rendering

is,

'

without children,' a
the extinction

more

terrible imprecation to a Greek,

who regarded

of a family as the greatest calamity.

Paris, according to the

Odyssey,
tl airdiKeo

had no children by Helen.

41.

KaC K to PovXo(j.t|v
zee

'

I could wish even this.'

Supply

as protasis of Kal
42.

KepSiov
:

?iev.
<re

2^ivai [eii/ot]
(lit.
'

sc.

as subj.
;
'

iiiroxj/iov

iXXwv; 'object

of susis

picion to
jective.

of) others

cf.

Lat. ceteris invisum.

The

genitive

sub-

43.

tcdpij
<j>

Kojxdwvres
: -

see on

1 1
.

44.

* VTS

P tc represents
of)

ipf tense

and should be translated

'

who

said' (thought)

dpicr-Hia: translate as subj. of ennevai: 'that a hero

was (playing the part

45.
dX.Kr|
:

champion.'
J>pso-
:

ir'
'

[exeo-Ti]

local

dat

Pitj:

'might for attack;'

?
'

strength for defence.'

ToiotrSe 4tv
-/5,
:

46.

i\

'

did you, though such a coward

interrogative adv.
fipi,
'

*j,
'

for

which

we
'

should expect
'

is

Distinguish
'

surely,' also

he said
47.

ipf.

3 sing,

from

say

'

ff

or

'

(in

second part of dependto

ent double question

d-ycCpas
'
:

i))

or 'than.'
eTr7r\cw<ras,

preliminary in time to
remote.'

which

it

is

subordi-

nate

having sailed upon the sea after having collected.'

d-irhjs
:

49.
50. 51.

'

See on

274.
'nation.'

Notice the alliteration

8tjH"i>:

x^Pf"1
ovk dv

'

KO/n]<|>r|v

appositives of the follg. sentence, of which the

most important word

62.
8-fi

is di>j}yes.
'
:

|ievias

could you not then withstand

is

'

The

potenI'

tial opt.

used interrogatively
a.v?iyts

here equal to an imv., 'withstand then

The two verbs

on

and

/xeiixtas,

each other, stand

in

thought in

though grammatically independent of the relation of protasis and apodosis (see

18, 20).

53.

ovk dv

xpao-(iT|

the opt. would have been regular to correspond

with fiiydijs (see on

56.
?\
:

137).
el /t^ SeiS-fi/xoues f)<rav,

'surely

'

supply as protasis

and see on

232.
57.
59.
0-0-0
:

2 sing, plupf. from

.

evvvfii.
:

"Ektop, ItcI
aTip^s
tlo-i
:

V(Ko-as

/j-^i

wp6<f>epe
:

completes the sense.

60.

pred. of KpaSlr).
i.e.

61.

'goes,'

'is

&s see on v. 2. driven,' equivalent to a passive verb after

ireXtKvs
in place.

which the gen. of the agent

62.

is

8s KTd(ivrjo-i [hs hu 1kt<Lhvt)\

o^t'XXei
'

sc.

as subj. ireKeicvs.

63.

dTdp^rvros

attributive,

'

an unterrified

mind.

ILIAD
64.

III.

233

irpo^tpe
:

'bring forward (as a reproach),' 'reproach with.'

Xpvo-frjs
ties

i.e.

'

resplendent,' for her temples

gifts (see
'

more than those

of other dei-

shone with golden

qvtoi
:

on

61

).

66.

'

in person,'

by their own

act,' i.e.

without request of the

receiver,

who

should, therefore, not be

will,'
'

held responsible for them

ckwv
68.

'

by his own
Kddia-ov
:

of himself.'

'

bid

sit

down.'
:

70. dn4' 'EXivr) teal KTTJ)iao-i

'for

Helen and her treasure' (which

parties fight for the possession

Paris had carried

of an object

away with

her).

Two
'

which lies between them. Hence is explained the transition from the orig. meaning of afj.(pi(s), on both sides of,' to the meaning,
'for,' 'in

behalf

of.'
'
:

71.

Kpeio-o-uv ^viyrai

shall

have proved himself the stronger

'

;
'

am-

plifies the

meaning
:

of
all
'
:

viK-fjari.

Cf. vv. 2, 6.
all in

72.

d irdvra
ot 8'

'

without exception,'

due form.'

73.

&M01

but do you, the others.'

Top.6vTs, kt\.

ptc.

joined by zeugma with two objects, though more appropriate to the second translate t 'having concluded ('struck') friendship and having rati;

fied-by-slaughter-of-victims (rffivu) sure oaths.'

74.
va.lov.Tt
:

opt. of wish, standing

(the Achaians).

between two imvs.

toI

Si,

kt\.

but
75.

let

them'
:

for

"Ap-yos used as Northern Greece.

in

30 for Peloponnesus

'AxoitSa: used

76.

&Kovo-as: ptc. assigns the cause of lx*PV

\Ua-<rov [nitrov]
'
:

(cf.

474).

77.

freq.

used as

ntr.

substantive

dv&p-yc [hvup-

yt]

was forcing
|ii<r<rov
it
:

back.'
:

78.

adj., translate

'grasping his spear at the middle,'

i.e.

holding

horizontally and using the shaft as the

l8pvv8T](rav
seats,'
:

means

of forcing back

the Trojans
late
'

'

were brought

to order.'
is

We should transfirst

took their

were

it

not that this act

mentioned as

taking

place, v. 326.
79.
t<5 ("EKTopt)
:

dat. after

in composition.

Translate (vv. 77, 80)

'but the long-haired Achaians were bending their bows at him, nor were
they only (t) aiming arrows, but were also (re) striving to hit him with
stones.'

By

a kind of

zeugma

4ireToa(ovTo includes the actions described

more

particularly by titv(tk6/xvoi and ZfiaMov.

Had

the construction

been perfectly regular, we might have had TirvtrKSfievoi and fiaWovrts. Xdto-o-i [Aiieo-i] nom. sing A.Say or Aos [xftfos]. G. 60, 5, 16, H. 202, 10. [laxpov lit. over a long distance.' 81.
:
:

'

82

Agamemnon

quickly comprehends Hector's purpose, and, in alarm

cries,
'

lest injury

should be done him,

see on

Hold

(lit.

restrain yourselves)

Argives; throw no more, Achaians.'

83. 84.

o-Ttvrai

B
:

597.
'

dvtw tc y^vovto

became

silent,'

in expectation of

word from

Hector (see on B 323).

234
85. 86.

NOTES.
eo-o-v|wvs

ik\vt
1,

' quickly,' adv. formed from pf ptc. of aevw, ' hasten.' imv. redupl. 2 aor. followed by fiev as gen. of source.
:
.

G- 176,
87. 88.

H.
:

582.
lit.
'

p.v0ov

word,'

i.e.
:

'

proposal.'

Axaiovs partitive appositives of aWovs, translate: 'others, both Trojans and Achaians.' avTov as referring to the same person as the subject of Ke\erai 90.
Kal
'

Tpuas

e.g. 'proposes,' to be supplied) might have stood in nom. case, but, being coupled by Kal with Meve\aov, follows that word in case.

(or verb of similar signification,

94.

^iXottitci,

SpKia
:

accusatives of effect.

G.

159,

N. 3,

Translate (freely)

'let us,

the rest, conclude a league of friendship

H. 546. and

ratify a firm treaty.'

95.

Vergil
98.

This verse occurs fifteen times in Horn, and is thus imitated by Aen. XI, 120, Dixerat Aeneas, Mi obstupuere silentes. emphatic by its position iaov SiaKpivB-rjuevai [-Kptdrivai] as
:
:

aor. inf. denotes the single act just

99.

commencing,
Kai
v/xas].

'

are parting.'
ireirotrdt
[TreiroVflare]
.

'ApytCovs Kal Tpuas

pf.

[rj/xas

pi. 2

from

iro(7x,

without connecting vowel, perh. for neirovdre.

Aristarchus read here,

100.

ireircurde.

Translate

'on account of

my

strife

(with the Trojans) and the

(cf.

beginning (of that

v. 57)-

strife)

made by Alexander'
:

tov

e'/ye/ca

vsTkos opuptv,

101.

6a.va.T0s Kal jiotpa

Horn, fulness of expression

lie

(cf.

vv.

2, 6).

102.

T0varj

'
:

may he
:

dead.'

SixucpivOciTe

aor. pass. opt. ex-

pressing desire.
103.
202, 2
d|- (see

&pv [apvt] for this we find later (v. 117) &pvas. G. 60, 5. 4, H. ol'o-T and &t: anomalous aor. imvs. formed from stems oV-, Sketch of Dialect,
-vf}

20, 4).

104.

Tt Kal i\tkl<a
oio-op-ev
:

it

was the black ewe-lamb which was sacred

(cf.

to

the earth
105.
pfrjv

fut. indie.
:

npixnuHO
;

'

mighty Priam'
opKia
is

IV, 133, odora canum vis) to conclude the treaty it

'

Tdp.vT)

B 387 cf. also Vergil, Aen. auT6s 'be present in person

;
:

Agamemnon, not Priam, who

if

actually slays

the victims (vv. 273, 292).

106.

ot6s

lit.

'

in person,' refers to $lriv Upid/xoio as

pi. iraTSes,

it

were

/cpare-

pbv nplapov

which here refers chiefly to Paris, we may perhaps compare aixuvrdcav (v. 49), which refers chiefly to Agamem-

With

non.
108.
8*
:

this verse gives a

second reason for bringing Priam.

'

Besides
flighty.'

the arrogance and faithlessness of Paris,

109. 110.
ols \oh &v]
p.T'
:

young men's minds are

both,'
i.e.

sc, as antecedent, tovtois, a dat. of adv. with Ktvaaei.

:

dfKpoTlpoiari

'

among them

for the old

man and

for those

whom

he counsels.

ILIAD
112. iravo-ao-Oeu
'
:

III.

235
after
.

varia

lectio Travo-tadai,

which would be natural

a verb of 'hoping
iroXc'iioio
:

{cf. v.

28).

The

aor. inf. refers to a single event.

for gen., G. 174, II. 580.

:

113.

Kpvj-av

ipvKca properly

means

'hold,' 'detain.'

As
:

joined here

with prepositional phrase implying motion, we

may
:

rows and held them

chariots.'
cf.

there.'
'litiroi

Ik (d Imrwv) Bav
is

'drove into 'descended from their

translate
apfj.a,

Notice that

freq.

used

in

Horn, in the sense of

770.
irXtjo-iov

115.

dWrfXcov
djujus
:

'

near one another,'

sides,'
i.e.

near another
as they lay
116. T

'on both

i.e. one suit of armor lay between the suits of armor

on the ground. t see on vv.

. . : :

34, 35.

117.
120.

TaXOufBios
olo-tpvai
:

Agamemnon's
anomalous
illustrious
Iris's

herald, already mentioned

320.
a.irCdr\art
:

aor. inf., see

on

v.

103

ovk

takes the dat. like simple -KtideaBai.

Translate: 'and he, I assure you,

execute the commissions of
brings before

did not
121.

fail to

obey

Agamemnon.'
office is to

ati8' [auTe].

proper

the gods (B 786), but here she acts on her

own impulse and

our eyes Helen, the occasion and the prize of the single combat.
124.

AaoSiKijv

should regularly be

dat., as

appositive of ya\6cp

(v.

122), but the influence of the nearer elx* prevails over that of the

more
it

remote
126.

eiSofiewTj.

SiirXaKa

lit.

'

double-mantle,' so large that, like a shawl,

was

folded before being thrown

upon the shoulders

iroXe'as

d^8Xovs

[iroA.-

kovs ad\ovs].
128.
130.
KGev [o5, avTTJt]
vvp.<J>d [vvfMpm]
: :

not enclitic, because emphatic.

the

word

(Lat.

nympha) properly means

'bride,'

but

is

also used of a married

woman who
134)

has not lost her youth and

dW-rfXoio-i fyipov

beauty.
132.
61:
its

antecedent

is ol (v.

tir'

'were

bringing war against one another.'

134.
i-aTai [^vrai].
'iarai ffiyfj
:

'remain quiet' (see on

v.

78 and
as

B
it

255)-

135.

doTrto-i kekXiiu'voi

'leaning on their shields;' the

kairis,

rested upon the ground,

gives us a picture of
138.

came up to the breast of the warrior. The verse the Homeric warrior as he stands at rest.
viK-fiffri]
\

Tip hi K viK^o-avTi [os $4 nt

i.e.

e is used with the ptc.

would be in the conditional relative clause to which it is equivalent. kk\t|0-t) (more freq. in Horn, uncontracted -ecu) fut. perf. of /caAe'w, which in the pass, voice often has the general sense 'to be' (see on A 139,
as
it
:

260), but

is

never exactly equivalent to

:

it.

140.

dvSpbs irportpoio

Helen
:

is

regarded as no longer the wife of Sparta

Menelaos {cf. r 172) &<rr>s and Lcda, who are thought of as

t^Cbt licyeyauTa (v. 199).

ie.

tok^wv

e.

Tyndareos
also called

still living,

though Helen

is

236
:

NOTES.

141. 69dvT)<ri a 'veil,' also called KpySenvov and Ka\{nrrpT), was worn by (noble) women and maidens when they went out of the house or into the presence of men. 143. k< GaXdjioio the 6d\afios was in the rear of the house. 144. This is the only passage in the Iliad where the attendants of a noble lady are mentioned by name. Aithra has been mentioned, B After Theseus became king of Athens, Aithra resided there, and 561. was put in charge of Helen when she was carried off on a certain occasion by Theseus. Kastor and Polydeukes rescued their sister, and brought Aithra as her slave to Sparta, whence she seems to have accompanied her to Troy. Of Klymene nothing more is known than that she came from Sparta. 145. Eitaial irvXai the Scaean gates are the only ones which are mentioned by name in Homer. but Priam and his suite the follg. names 146. ol 8' ajx(J>l Ilpiajxov stand on the same footing with those included in the phrase ol afupl TIplap.ov, and might have been in the nom. case.
:

'

'

'

'

149.

8T];xo ,ypovTs

in apposition with subj. of elaro [^pro], 'sat as

elclers of the people,'

i.e.

occupied, in virtue of their function, this promi-

nent place.

The

follg.

episode (vv. 149-160) illustrates, by

its effect,

the

power

of Helen's beauty.

As

she approaches the tower,

'

it

so impresses

these old

men

that they declare that they cannot

(to

blame Trojans and

gain possession of)

Achaians that they endure wars a long time for such a woman.'
150.
151.
iroXep-oio
:

gen. of separation, 'from

combat
:

'

(see

on A 165).

Terrtveo-o-iv eoiKbVes

[rtrn^iv

ei/c^res]

the comparison of the

cheery gossip and soft tones of the Trojan elders to the chirping of grass-

hoppers
152.

is

not meant in a contemptuous spirit; the Greeks considered

this chirping

an especially pleasant sound.

:

Xeipidexo-av
is

lit.

'lily-white' (\elpwu,

'lily');
'

then,

when
'

the

epithet

transferred from things seen to things heard,

[('a<ri].

delicate,'

feeble.'

UtfTl

153.
155.

toioi
fJKa
:

for construction, see on SritaoytpovTes, v. 149.

'

softly,' the

admiration

all

the deeper because expressed in

hushed tones.
158.

alvws 2oiKv
i.e.
: '

as

we say 'she
'

is

fearfully like.'
face.

As

<Sira:

lit.

'into her face,'

159.
oiiB(e),

as one looks

upon her

Kal

<5s

even thus,'
'

despite that.'

In this phrase, and after

the adv.
6irto-<rta

is
:

printed with the circumflex accent (see on

for time to come.'
cJhdvt}

33).

160.
161.
called.'

KaXV<raTO

[e/caAeVaro <pwin)o~as]

'

raised his voice

and

162.
163.

l}iio l'8g

connect gen. with

:

irdpoide,

'before me.'
:

[Wps]
poi
:

see on
'in

56

the enclitic
3, t. 5,

may be used more

601.

than once

my

eyes.'

G. 184,

H.

'

ILIAD
166.
final

III.

237

is

|ovo|jnr|VT]s

'

in order that
75j

clause dependent, like uppa

(v. 163),

you may call by name,' a second upon 'i(ev

is

167.

Boris: predicate.

Notice

in

the follg. dialogue that S8e

the

pron. constantly used in the question, outos in the answer.

tinction
is

Thus

the dis-

the description
163.

observed that 65e refers to something not well known, of which oStos, to something well known. is to follow
;

K<j>a\rj

best taken as dat. of respect, the

same construction as

'Greater in the head' means that the head is the part which attracts notice and marks the difference in size. We might transthe head of others is loftier,' or others are superior in late freely
in vv. 193, 194.
:

'

'

stature.'

170.

-yepapov;
is

'stately.'

Pao-iXfji

pred. appositive

of

ai/8pl t

'a

man who
172.

a king.'

Cf.

474.
'
.

cuSotos t 8eivo5 t

object of reverence and dread.'

Priam's

kind invitation to Helen to draw near reminds her of her unworthiness, and suggests the first words of her reply (v. 172). The apparent hiatus
before
eievpe

and lengthened
fidva-ros
:

final syllable

before $av6s are explained

by an
173.

orig. F.

koxos

iV. 'suicide.'

174.
175.

yvsorovs

here used in the sense of 'brothers.'

iralSa: Helen's only child

:

was Hermione (by Menelaos)

ofiTjXiKiTjv [6/j.7)\iKas]

'

companions,' abstract noun used instead of con-

crete.

176.
179.
in

[Sia tovto]. to t& -y(e) i.e. my wished-for death d(i<poTtpov This was the favorite verse of Alexander the Great apposition with the follg. clause, fia<Ti\fvs nixM-V"*!*- G. 137, N. 3,
:
:

H.

501.
aiJT(e)
i)
:

180.
lectio,

'

besides.'
' :

itot' tr\v
it

ye:
!

'if it

was

really

he

'

Varia

itot
fj

it\v

76
:

yes,

was once he
I

183.
184.

pd vv

'

surely as

now

see.'
ical,

^Sti KO.C: 'already

once;' for

see

A 249

$pvylr\v

see

on B 862. trap' ox^ds Sa-yYapCcio 187. tTTpardwvTO were encamped.' 'along the banks of the Sangarios.' The Halys and the Sangarios were Both empty into the Pontos Euxeinos, the largest rivers in Asia Minor.
:

'

the Halys lying farther east.

183.
'A;i.d^ov3

dvTidvapat

the

Amazons

are said to have lived east

of Greater Phrvgia on the 191.

banks of the Thermodon.

Scurcpov

192.
in

tovSc

connect with iptetvt. expressed by prolepsis in the main sentence, so that 88e,
:

the dependent clause, might have been omitted.

195.
ol: for dat, for
3,

See on A 536. which the poss. gen. would have been a near
N. 4, II. 597.

equivalent, see G. 184,

197.

utkw

'

I liken,'

probably for

ewe-enc-w (cfrceAos, fo\os).

238
200. 201.

NOTES.
ov: 'in
turn,' in contrast
'

with

Agamemnon
(irep)

(v. 178).

Kpavafjs tP sovo-tjs:

though very

rocky' (see on
irpoaefyr)

131).

203.
205.

dvrCov nii8a

governs the ace. (t^v), like

:

or irpoaeeiirev.

Scvpo itot' 4jXv0

Before the expedition against Troy an effort

negotiation,

was made to secure the restoration of Helen by seus and Menelaos were envoys.
206.
d-y-yeXiTjs

and Odys-

[ayyeKos]

'

as an envoy,' best taken as nom. sing. masc.

in apposition

with 'Odvairevs.
:

207.

vitnra, <j>i\Tj<ra

'discharged the duties of host (|eVos) and

entertained.'

etvifa
:

is

the

word

of

more general meaning.

208.
209.

tSdny

see on
:

299.

d"ypo|ie'voi.<riv

see on

211.

djx<pw 8' eop.vco,

kt\

B 481. The two nominatives

&/j.<pw,

'OSvffirevs

are to be explained by the principle of apposition of the whole with the

part.

213. Translate (vv. 213-215) 'Then indeed Menelaos spoke rapidly, few words (but) with a very clear voice, since he did not use many words nor missed the right word, though he was the younger.'
:

215.

"ve'vti

occurs only here in the sense of yevea, 'age.'

:

216.

dva'|ie(')

opt. of repeated action in

temporal clause.
ear?;, elSeu

G. 233,
icard

H.

760.
o-rd-o-K-e-v, 18--o-k--v
:

217.

iterative

forms for

X0ovbs 8p.p.aTa ir^as describes more minutely viral 5e ISetTKs. The thought in this verse is that Odysseus used no gesture in 218.
speaking.
220.
'

Ivup-a: ipf.

from

vwfj.dco.

You would have

[varia lectio
'Ui)
:

said that he

was a sullen fellow or

from
"rj/it.

(lit.

'

and

')

simply a blockhead.'
221.
it|
:

2 aor. opt.

222.

?ttu vKpd8eo-<ri

the lengthened a before

<r.

vitpd^ea-cri

lost initial consonant,

in this case
'
:

indicates a

Cf. vi<pds

and Engl. snow.

224.
226.

<5Se dYCur<rd;at9

'did

we so much wonder.'
a.
i.e.

tis t> dp'

cf.

8.
1,

227.
228.

K<}>a\^v: G. 160,

H. 549

variously explained as 'long mantled,' flowing mantle,' or 'fine mantled,' i.e. 'with fine-woven mantle.'
TavvTrcirXos
:

'with

229.

Ai'as

' :

Ajax son of Telamon, brother of Teukros, from

'

tlje

island of Salamis (see on

145).

230. Here Helen's eyes fall on Idomeneus, and though Priam had not asked his name she goes on to speak of him, and of how Menelaos had entertained him as he came to Sparta from Crete in clays of old. In a. similar way, as her eyes run over the host, she is reminded of her own

brothers
edge.

who had died in Sparta during her absence, without her knowlFor an admirable translation in English hexameters of this
7.

beautiful passage (vv. 234-244), see Essay on Scanning,

ILIAD
231.

III.

239

^cpeOovrai
Yvoitiv
:

see on

304.
'

ko,C t": and also.' H. 722 ta poi pCa -ytivaTO ptjttIP lit. 'one (and the same) mother with me (i.e. the same with my own mother) brought them forth;' i.e. 'the same mother brought them forth who also brought me forth.' n'ia has the same force that 1; au-riij would have, and governs dat. in the same way. G. 186 and n. 2, H. 603 and a. This abbreviated comparison is called

235.

for opt. G. 226, 2 b,

:

238.

in Latin comparatio compendiaria

(cf.

163).

242.

8u8iots

give StSFi6Tfs, in

from stem 6fi. This stem reduplicated would which the first e would be long by position. To retain
2 pf ptc.
.

this long quantity of the first syllable after the

disappearance of the
icrriv. ut.

F, e

was lengthened
me.'

into

ei

(see

on

33)

& poC

'which

lie

upon

243. tovs koLt\v ato [yaia lK<L.\\r*Tev ai/rovs] : lit. the earth was holding them fast,' i.e. they lay buried beneath the earth.' Notice that the common legend of the immortality of Kastor, and the mortality of
'

'

Polydeukes,
of
it

is

shown
'

to be later than

Homer by

the poet's ignorance

as evinced in this passage.

244.

a0i

there,'

i.e.

4v AaKeSalfiovt.

Notice the melodious close of

this verse.

245.

6tuv

gen. of possession; the gods referred to are Zeus, Helios,

is
'

Gaia.
246.

The

narrative
:

here resumed from

'

v.

20.
'

i)<ppova

lit.

gay-hearted,'

cheery,'

i.e.

making glad the heart'

For other epithets

248.
249.
'ISaios
:

of wine, sec Horn. Diet, olvos.

-6s,
:

for

see Essay on Scanning, 5, 4.

in order to
'

irap'.OTd(ivos

stand by his

side,'

he had
(v. 149).

first

to

climb the tower of the Scaean gates, for Priam was there
250.
#p<r0
:

aor. midd. with intermediate

vowel of

2 aor.

In ordiuptreo

nary prose we should expect a conjunction, pcrh. yip, between

Ka\fov<Ti,

and

'summon;'
:

the absence of the conjunction, asyndeton,

adds

vivacity to the description. 252. 255.

T(ipT|T6

H.

854.

subjects are Priam, and ipitrroi Tpdcov ko\ 'AxaiUv:

for use of ice with ptc. see on v 138. 2iroiTo, vaoi|iV These verses resemble closely vv 7375 these optatives expressive of a wish differ little from the future indicative they are joined with v^ourai, which always has a fut. meaning.

viKTjVavrv

256-258.

259.

pyno-v: 'started with fright,' at the thought of Paris's clanger.

:

IraCpois

for dat. see on

50; the king

(v.

is

constantly attended by his

kraipoi, in the

same way
lit.

as

Helen
'

143) by her an<piiro\oi.

260.

oTpaXt'ws

'hurriedly

for

it

was necessary

to

(orpvvw). There was need of haste, go to the palace for the chariot and return to the

Scaean gates.
261.
fivruf or

KaT-Tivv: 'drew in the reins,'

i.e. after untying them from the rim of the chariot, to which they were made fast while the char-

iot

was

at rest (see

Horn. Diet cut

10).

2 4
262. 263. 265.
266. 267.
irdp Si ol
:

NOTES.
fypv
{
:

and by his 'were guiding.'

side.'

'iimitiv

=
:

e| oxecDf, see
'

on
'

v. 113, cf.

770.

Io-tixowvto

they strode.'
:

iipvvro 8' avriic' KimTo,

and then straightway uprose,'

i.e.

to bid

them courteous welcome. KTjpvKts 268. vvvayov

. . .

'

trusty pledges of the gods,'

i.e.

the heralds were bringing together the the heralds, Greek and Trojan, were

bringing forward from their respective sides the victims destined for sacrifice.

270.

mon

jnVyov : were mingling the wine,' i.e. were pouring into a comreceptacle the wine which both parties had brought for a common
'

purpose
271.

Pao-i\v<ri leaders,' nobles,' of both Greeks and Trojans. This libation might not be poured with unwashen hands.
: ' '

fidxaipav

'his (force of midd. voice in ptc.) sacrificial knife.'

89.

For representation of pdxcupa, see Horn. Diet, cut

272.
01
:

dat. of adv. limiting

G. 1S4,

3, n. 4. H. 597. [%pTo]: 2 plupf pass, from atipa>

&wpro instead of poss. gen. limiting lcpos. Translate ol &a>pro, lit. hung for him.' &wpro
'

[a'lpu].

give in plupf. by reg. change of stem

ijopro,

is aep-; this would and metathesis quantitatis gives

The stem

us &uioto

aUv

[dej]

'always,' for, as commander-in-chief, the regular

exercise of priestly functions belonged to

274.
veipxiv (3 pi.
1

Agamemnon.

from ve/aw) distribution was made of the hair of the victim's head after it had been solemnly cut off, to each of the nobles, that they might each have a token of their participation in the sacrifice, and of obligation to help fulfil the agreement. see on A 450. For attitude in prayer, see Horn. Diet, 01 275. iwy
aor.
:

cut 14;
Ill, 176.

cf.

also

ad caelum cum
:

voce

manus tendoque

supinas, Vergil,

Aen.

276. Ztv ir&Tcp invocation similar to B 412. The summits of lofty mountains were specially sacred to Zeus, as the Greek Church to-day

consecrates them to Elijah

ingly,

f Ay tos'H\ias).

In addressing Zeus, accord-

Agamemnon
ffM.os
:

277.

on the deity presiding over the region. as the sun daily traversed the earth from east to west,
calls
all

he would be witness of
278.
iroTafioC:

violations of plighted faith.

:

'Gaia,' 'Earth.'
ties

-yaici the goddess Trojan plain olrlwo-Qov: 'ye who punish,'/.*, the two chief deiof the lower world, Hades and Persephone.

'rivers 'of the

279. 283.

Stis

k'

tirfopKov
1

6|i6<r<rn, [os

tv imopK-fio-p].
exactly parallel to ^x e TW
'

vewpe9a: the

pi. of

hortative subjunctive takes the place of the

vewfieda
is
(

imv., which lacks this form,

v 2 ^2).
-

285.
286.
289.

Tp&as
fjv

airoSouvax: see on
:

413.

nva

HoiKtv
:

repeat
if

oAk 490uo(ri

'

for or iv4 fiev. they shall refuse,'

/rfi

si reatsabunt.

ovk forms one

idea with the verb; otherwise

must have stood, not

ovk.

ILIAD
291.
122)
292.

III.

24I
destruction of
239,
2,

t&os iroX^oio
Kixetw
O.TT&
.

i.e.

victory and

the
for

for
.

form see on
:
'

26

mood, G.

Trov (cf B H. 760 a.

Tdji

cut

off,' i.e.

severed the upper part of the gullet

explains affiralpovras.

from the lower.

294.
293.
Oujxoi)

xa\Ka>=
:
.
.

/xaxalpy (v. 271).

life,'

8mo|Avous
.

'bereft of

&<x>v: 'but they were drawing off wine (with the vpixoos) from the mixing bowl into the cups (Seiraecro-i) and were pouring
otvov
it

out.'
it

The
was
vurp

libations
filled.

were poured upon the ground separately from each

'

cup as
299.

See on A 471.
-irrj[i.T|vtuav
:

8pKia

work mischief by

violating the oaths.'

i.v

The
f>toi

opt. in the conditional relative sentence

might lead us to expect

cos

instead of the opt. of wish without &v.

0"<p'(<)
:

300.

for dat. of disadv. see

cf.

similar symbolical actions,

301.

Livy

i.

24;

on v. 272 Exodus xxi.

88t otvos

for

6.

avTiov

k>A

tkov
8ii.fj.aev

poss. gen. instead of dat. like a<pi (v. 300)

for

&\ox.oi 8' &XX010-1,

\oifft is dat.

more

explicit statement, see

355.

&\~

of agent.

302.

This verse closely resembles B 419

AapSavi8T]s
:
:

303.

royal line ran thus

dp a see on B 36. Priam was sixth in descent from Dardanos. The Dardanos, Erichthonios, Tros, Ilos, Laomedon, Pri:

amos.
306.
at the

The passage beginning with commencement of the book

[oC irwrl
:

this verse (vv. 302-326) will

in facsimile
: '

08

ttco

" H ^ niodo

TXtjcroiiai

be found from Codex Venetus. shall I have the heart.' ~kv

1.

<5c|>0aXp.oitri

see on v. 28.
:

307. 308.

Mv\dw

for dat. G. 186, N.

:

1,

H.

602,

Zevs p-dv [mV|> ht\.

all

willingness to leave

This verse is a pious expression of Priam's things with Zeus as the all-wise. The relation of
all, is indi-

Zeus to the other Olympian deities, as the superior of them cated in the phrase Zeus re Kal adamroi 0eol &W01.
309.

Oavdroio t^Xos

periphrasis for

Odyaros.

ireirpwpivov icrrCv

[ireVpoiTOi].

310.

t-s

81'cppov

&pvas 9to

the dead lambs were carried back to

for burial, for the flesh of victims slain in ratifying an oath

Troy was not eaten,

but buried or cast into the sea.

form see on A 428. were measuring across,' i.e. from side to side. 316. irdXXov were shaking them,' so that all knowledge of the position in the helmet might be lost. In v. 324, irdWe means was shaking,' until the lot should fly forth from the helmet. 317. depth] (2 aor. opt. from o(p-6j,ui) opt. explained on the principle
312. 315.
Ptjctto
:

for
:

Sicjierpcov
:

'

'

'

of the oratio obliqua

it

stands here as indirect question.

:

318.

Xaol 8' rip^cravTo

is

'and the people offered their prayer.'

What

the prayer was,

more

particularly described in the four verses begin-

242
ning with
v. 319.

NOTES.
The people continued praying during
the preparations

and while Hector was shaking the helmet. 319. tis: 'many a one' (see on B 271).
321.
(i.e.

Ta8s

fe'p-ya

per' ap.<|>oTpoi(ri.v

'iQr\K(v

'

has occasioned these doings

war) between both parties.' Both sides agree in recognizing the guilt of Paris and in wishing his death. 325. fi.xj/ opdcov each chief had scratched his mark upon a lot (x\i)povs,
this
:

v. 316),

and Hector turned

Xtpvro

his face

away

that he might not appear to fa-

vor his brother.

326.
:

here, for the first time, the sitting-down of both hosts is

mentioned, though they had long since dismounted from their chariots

and

laid

down
2kito

their
:

armor

(cf.

vv. 78, 113).

327.

extended by zeugma to apply to Iwnoi, though appropri-

ate only to apfiara.

The

natural verb with

their

'irrvoi

would be

'Laravro.

328.

04*4*'

&p.oi<ri:

'about
oyt<p'

shoulders;'

cuirass,

sword, and

shield could be said to be

iopoun.

the shoulders by a
(v. 114)

strap, Te\a/j.uv.

The sword was suspended from The combatants had previously

armor. This and the seven following vv. are interesting as a description See Horn. Diet, for of the process of arraying the Horn, chief in armor. pictorial representations of each article of armor named.

taken

off their

330.

332, 333.

hence
8'

Paris had appeared on the battle field in light armor; fjpp.cxr* was necessary for him to borrow his brother's cuirass For process of adjusting cuirass, see avTG: 'but it fitted himself.'
it

Horn. Diet, cut 59. dpyupdnkov 334.

entire sword.

epithet applying only to the hilt; x**- l{eov t0 the

>

338. ^YXS two spears seem to have belonged to the complete equip01 iraXdinj^iv [reus iraKa/jLais] for the ment of the warrior (cf. v. 18). two datives, standing in relation of whole and part, see on A 150. 339. <as 8 a{Jrs: 'and in the same way.' ua-avrws is adv. formed directly, with changed accent, from 6 ai>r6s (see on A 133). 340. K&Tp9ev lit. from each side.'
:
: : '

341.

Tpwwv Kai'Axaiwv:

best explained as gen. of place, limiting 4s

Ht<r(ff)ov after the

analogy of the gen. with adverbs of place.

holding,' the

G. 182,

2,

H.

589.
iyjev
: '

342.
344.

was

Ka( p ryyvs o-rrJTnv: 'and then the two

'

amazement was prolonged. drew near.'

at

kot&vt:

subordinate to (rdovre,
347.

shaking their spears in rage

ktA.
:

each other.'

pdXev
shield.'
&'

ko.t' do-ir8o,

'struck full in the midst of Atreides's

hit.

round
348.

fidWui takes the ace, not the gen., of the object

:

01 atxp.^
3, N. 4,

'but
597.

its point.'

For

dat. oi (referring to

x a *- K s )>

see G. 184,
349.

H.

<S>pwTo xa\K<j) (dat. of

accompaniment)

'

raised himself with his

ILIAD
spear,' i.e. drew himself up ward and forward.

III.

243
down-

to his full stature for a stronger thrust

350.
351.

7reu<i|J.vos

'

uttering a prayer besides

D, c
fie

'

(eVf).
its
first

dva: for accent, H. 158 antecedent omitted (</. A 230).

to

8: article used as relative,

rrp6rtpo<s koLk' feop-ye:
'

was the

work me harm.'
352.
8iov
:

topyc. 2 perf. from pefa (stem Fepy-). implies illustrious birth and beauty, but has no necessary

reference to character.
353.
tis
:

form, G. 119,
354.
irapao-xfl

'many a one.' 12, d, H. 361

:

ppi-yT]<ri

3 sing. pf. subj. from (nytw

relative sentence,
o Ktu

for

D.
[t>s

irapatrxT)

subj. in conditional

hu]

= tav
8ta piv

ris irapaaxV:

355.

dji/irtiraXuv
:

redupl. 2 aor. from ava-irdWw.

first

357.

the lengthening of the

syllable of Bid

is

necessary to

make a
358.
itself.'

dactyl.

Such a verse as
:

this is called acephalous.

'

^pTJpeioTo \cpr)pei(TTo]

lit.

had leaned against

past.

;
'

here,

'

had forced
:

359.

dvriKpvi irapaC

'right

on

Sid|i/r|<r (Bi-a/j.dw)

'cut

(lit.

'mowed') through.'
362.

dvo(rx6;xvos

'
:

having raised himself,' to strike with greater

'crest' or 'ridge
off.
'

force

(cf. v.

349)

the helmet,

was

to

One object of the <pd\os, the make blows glance harmlessly

d|i<f>l

of

For

illustration,

see Horn. Diet., cuts 20, 128.

363.

avrw:

i.e.

a/xcpl tu>
:

<pd\y.

8ia,Tpv:pv (2 aor. pass. ptc.

:

from

Bia-dpvnroi)

agrees with eyxos.

for idiom, see on B 303. Such an exclamation of vexation and disappointment does not imply, in the Homeric hero, profanity or disrespect toward the gods. Turar9at: for meaning of aor. inf. see on v. 112. 366. Translate, wither* ecpdfirjv 'and verily I believed that I was sure to take vengeance on Alexander for the injury to me.' In /moi, twice used, we 2 aor. pass, from iyvvfit. 367. &yr\ [e'oyrj] have the common use of dat. (of disadv.) limiting the verb, instead of a

TpixGd T Kal TCTpa^Oa

365.

poss. gen. limiting the

noun

(see
:

on

v. 338).
(lit.

join with tji'x^-

368.

Translate this verse

:

'flew
i.e.

'leaped') from

my

hands a use-

less thing

nor did
see on

I strike

him,'

only hit his shield and cut through

his cuirass

ira\d|AT|<{>i,v [7raAa/x&>f ]
:

369.
of

f)

A 219
:
'

tirat^as Xd|3tv

'sprang upon and laid hold

him
370. 372.

(sc.

avriv) by the helmet (icSpvdos).'

4irto-rp6v|/as ifXicc

turned over and was dragging.'

: '

6\tvs t6to,to Tpv<j>aX.tns

was stretched as a helmet-strap

on A
159).

'

(lit.

'holder').
373. 374.
'rjpaTo:
tl
p.r|

aor.

from
:

&pvvu.ai (see
'

dp* 6v v6i\<rt

unless at just that

moment

(&pa)

had sharp-

ly discerned.'

244
375.
'

NOTES.
Pods
'
:

'

ox-hide.'

means ox with reference

lixavra.

Translate
Keivrf

'

po6s, by a kind of zeugma, and 'ox-hide with reference to the strap of the hide of an ox slain by violence.'

Here the word

to Kra/j.evoto,

'

376.

[iceu-fi]

'empty.'
resistance.
:

dji' e'<rirTo

'followed close

after,' i.e.

being empty,
380.

made no
>

YX" x a^ K4 ^'!
peia |xd\'
KaXiovo-'
: :

*'*'

w tn
'

h' s se cond lance, for, like Paris

(v.

(v. 18),

he had two spears, one of which

381. 383. 385.

355) he

had already hurled.

'very easily.'

probably
:

fut.

ptc, G. 120,

Translate

'

and she
eavov
:

laid hold of

U [rjei]. 2, H. 374, 1 and plucked with the hand her

of,

fragrant garment.'
Kafioxxra.

connect, as gen. of part taken hold

with

386.
387.

|iiv

for constr., see

:

on B

22.
[corn)],

vaiTOiio-T]

join with ol
is

dat.

of adv. with fotteiv (ipf.

from

aa-Kew).

movable

sometimes appended to the contracted form

of 3 sing. ipf. [cf

A
:

436).

388.
391.

(iiv

i.e. yprjvt/.

Keivos is translated as if it were e'/ce?. rounded or turned,' properly of posts and bars of a bedstead, then applied, with perhaps the more general meaning polished,' to the bedstead as a whole. 393. Note the difference in meaning between the aor. \0e?v and the
icetvos

8 y'

'there he
'

is.'

8ivwroi<ri (Stvoio,

turn

')

lit.

'

'

'

'

presents epxe<r9ai, Kadifriv.

394. 395.
396.

xpolo
Tijj
:

f r

for dat. see

:

g en f separation after Ovjaov on B 142

-

\-fiyovra, see
:

on A

224.

'

wrath,'

'

indignation.'

ical p' a>s

(cf. v.

'

and so when.'
6'

svorjtre

'

she observed,' the

(v. 386).

women
:

about her
397.

420) only saw the ypr/bs ira\aiyevr)s

irepiKaXX^a Scip^v a-TT|9e&

ijiepotvTa Kal c5,a(AaTa p.app.a(povra

'beauteous neck, lovely breasts, and sparkling eyes.'

istic
gil,

These characterdisguise.
Cf.

marks the goddess allowed

Aen.
I,

to

show through her

her.'

Ver-

402, Dixit et avcrtens rosea cen'ice refulsit.

:

398.

0d|xpT]o-v

'

amazement seized

2ttos t' i^tar' 2k t' 6vop.a^

see on
400.

361.
:

fj

see on v. 46.

The

particle of

asseveration here, as
:

often,

stands in an interrogative sentence.

as gen.
i.e.

iroXtwv [ir6\eo)v]
irpoTtpco
:

best connected

partitive with adv. 7rp

here local, 'farther away,'

farther

401.

from Sparta. $pvyias gen.

:

limits

iro\la>v.

It

may be now your

352.

considered either as
favorite at Troy.

partitive or possessive gen.

402.
p.epo'ircov

Kal Ki9i
:

'
:

there also,' as Paris

250.
Siov: see

is

see on

A
is
:

403.

8tj: 'forsooth.'
0(=\i
:

on

v.

404.
405.

'

resolved.'
'

iraptVTTjs

didst thou

come

hither and art standing by/ see on

A 6,

197.

'

ILIAD
406.
'

III.

245
! '

Go and

sit

by him and withdraw from the path of the gods

the gods.
subj. with shortened mood-sign.
a,

i.e.

give up thy place 409.

among
:

iroiTJ<rTai
2,

Sketch of Dialect,

17, G. 239,

H. 760
' :

877, 7.

410.
bat,

vjJiT<rt]Tdv

blameworthy,' because, by the result of the com'countless,' 'endless.'

[of.

Helen belongs
dtcpiTa:

to Menelaos.
'

412.

lit.

undistinguished,'

i.e.

Helen's
follg.).

expressions of penitence and self-abhorrence are frequent

414. 415.
<rx.eT\T)

Z 344

(ex u )
:

'

'stubborn,'

'

self-willed one.'

from &7r-ex0ai'pw. 'and between both' (peoples); for gen. see on v. 341 and G. 182, 2, H. 589. p/nT(<rop.ai see on v. 409. 417. oX-qat (2 aor. subj. midd. from 6\\vfii) [oKy] the subj. is poten&irx8T]'pu>
p-eo-o-w

aor. subj.

416.

8'

d|i<}>0Tpa>v

cognate ace, G. 159, H. 547 b. 419. lit. 'having held (drawn) down (over her head),' Ka,Tao-xo|Avn 'having veiled herself with' (see on v. 141).
tial

(see

on A 137)

oItov

420.

fipx* 8i 8a.Ip.wv
ap,<pliroXoi
ttj
: :

422. 424.

the meaning is, mentioned by name

:

'

for a deity led the way.'

in v. 143.

join with KaTt6rjKe

:

'

placed for her.'

2,

425.
427. 428.

'AXej-iivSpoio
8<r<rt

for gen. with adv. of place, see G. 182,

:

H.

589.

irdXiv Kklvcura.
:

oatlis aversis.
'

^Xu9s, kt\.

indignant exclamation, like our,

!

Ah

there you

are

back from the combat 429. having succumbed 8auffe

1

'

to.'
:

431.
432.
434.

<|>cpTEpos

'superior.'
'
:

f$(r\

dat. of respect.
'

irpoxaXea-o-cu
iraveo-Ocu
:

call forth

against yourself,'

challenge.'
troKefjilfav,

the gen. iroKe/xov, or the supplementary ptc.

may be
436.

supplied.

T&xa.

'

speedily

'

this

word has never

Sovpi [Srfpa-n]
:

in

Horn, the meaning

viro.

common
437.

in Attic, 'perhaps.'
(jlv9okj-i
|ic
. :

connect with

join with irpoaetmev.

438.
439. 440.

Ovpov: see on
' :

150, 362;

cf.

also v. 442.

<rvv 'A6t)'vt)
f|[uv
:

by Athena's

help,'

i.e.

the credit

is

not his own.

i.e.

Paris and the Trojans.

always expect another time when they shall

441.
Tpa7reio|iev [rapirw/jifv]
:

The show

indolent and cowardly industry and courage.

2 aor. subj. pass,

from

rtpiru.

Sketch of
antecedent

Dialect, 23, R.

442.
to
&>s (v.

d(icJ>sKttXv\|/v

'enveloped,' 'encompassed'

w8e

446).

445.

Kpavdrj

the adj. Kpdvaos

means

'

rocky.'

It is

used as an epithet
identifies, as the

of Ithaka (v. 201).

The

ancient prehistoric rock-city at Athens (south-

west of the Acropolis) was called Kranaa.

first

Pausanias
little

stopping-place of Helen and Paris, a

;

island

between Sounion

and Keos

Strabo, an island off Gytheion, the seaport of Sparta.

246
446.
447.

NOTES.

For distinction between trrepyui, Zpapai, <pi\ea>, see Dictionaries. Helen is the counterpart of Paris, with the same weaknessesLike him, she can see the right and deplore the wrong and yet though she has, in words of bitterest reproach, just painted Paris's character as coward and seducer and has declared that, now that he has been conquered she does not by Menelaos, it would be a shame to go to him (v. 410) resist his allurements, and at the last follows him not unwillingly (v. 447). And thus, before ever Pandaros's arrow had wounded Menelaos (A 205 follg.), the two original causes of the war, Helen and Paris, had broken the compact (cf. vv. 71, 72).
;

449.

dv' 8p.i\ov

sc.

Tpwwv.
:

453.
nial ovk

ov
$lv

Kvi8avov

the positive denial includes the qualified de-

KevOdvoiev,

which would form the regular conclusion to

t<rov Kt]pl jieXaCvT)
fxeXaivri,

d
: '

rts

iSono.
454.
o-<|>iv
:

black death.'
456. 457.

for dat. G. 184, 2, H. 595 b Cf, with the expression Kt)p\

t)8'
'

like

Horace's atra cura.

S16.

Tpwes xal AdpSavoi

<|>avTai (sc. olaa)
:

cmicovpoi

see on

appears to be (and

is).'

MevcXdov

pred.

gen. of possession. 459.

&iroTivp.ev
:

inf.

coupled with imv.

Cf.

enSc/re,
inf.

without any sensible

difference of signification.
diately follows

20,

where the

used as imv. imme-

an

opt.

460
461.

287.
.

rirl

fjvOv

'shouted assent,' while the Trojans admitted by

their silence the justice of Menelaos's

demand.

Cf.

iirevcp-fi/xricrav,

22.

BOOK FOURTH.
Aekra,
In Delta
Oetov ayopr], opiccov ^i/cr*?, apeos ap-yr\.
Gods' Assize; the Truce
is

is the

broke

Wars freshly

rise.

The gods have been witnesses of the entire combat between Paris 1. and Menelaos, and now, after Greeks and Trojans have pronounced upon
the result (r 455-461),
it is

natural to await their verdict.

It is to

decide

upon

this that they

:

d(ovro]

ipf 3 pi.
.

t|y Po wvto \Ikk\t\<j\.hold an assembly (vv. 1-S5) from ayopaofiai for explanation of the assimilated form,
;

see Sketch of Dialect, 18,

2.

1.

Sa-trcSw

'

on the
'

floor,' t\e. of

the houses which

H<pouarot iroiyatv

ISviycri

TpatrlSeaai,
:

for change from original meaning, see whatever belongs to the x.pwrous on A 598; for form, see H. 312 D gods, for wear or use, is freq. represented as of precious metal (cf. xpvSee on A 611. <ri(f, v. 2).
3.

&ivoxoi

A 608. was pouring

'

4.

SeiScx/vr

[StStiyfjifvoi

fjacw]

lit.

'

pointed,' here

'

pledged one an-

other.'

seems to contain the roots of both The noun irapa$o\ri (Engl, 'parable') means 'comparison;' hence the adv. comes to mean by way of invidious comparison.' 8oial \iiv: the correlative is found at t< 5' <x5re (v. 10). 7. 'Ap-ytCn Argive,' for Argos was a chief seat of the worship of 8. Hera 'AXoXKOfitv^ts either proper adj. from the town Alalkomenai in Boeotia, where Athena was especially honored, or descriptive epithet derived from root oAk-, lit. warding off,' protecting.'
6.

Ktpropiiois

'sharp-cutting;'
irapafiXT|8T]v

it

Kflpca

and
'

renvoi

'covertly,' 'maliciously.'

'

'

'

9.

<l<ropo<i><rai
2,

rtpirecflov
;

'

took delight in beholding

tiVopJaxrat,

'

for use of

ptc, G. 277,

H. 789 c. for form See also Sketch of Dialect, 18, 1.

10.
to
:

G. 120,

b,

H. 370 D,

a.

easily understood as standing for Paris,

in this

though he has not

:

been mentioned,

book, by

name

<|>iXo|i.(KiSifs

Mb

<f>iAo-(<r)/ie-

248
S-fjt,

NOTES.
with
ntili6.it>,

cf.

Engl, 'smile,' and notice the same interchange of

in Saupvov, lacrima.
;

and
G.

which may be recognized

irap-fifxp\K
:
'

11.

12, N. 3,

avrov
12.

stands by his (t<?) side for apocope of irapa, H. 73 D. for form fj.f/j.$\o>Ke, see Sketch of Dialect, 7, 3. a more common construction is ri rivi afivvetv (see on A 67).
' ; :

Kal vvv

14.
15.

8-irws 2onrai
f[
.

fj

one case of the habitual practice referred to in aUi, v. 11. TaSe fyrya i.e. what the result of the combat shall be.' \is6Tipov ij] dependent double question the sub' : .

junctive

is

dubitative.
: '

i 8' afi irws but if on the other hand by any means.' This is 17. an alternative which Zeus neither expects nor desires, for it is inconsistto8 i.e. <pt\6T7)ra ent with his promise to Thetis, A 509, 523, 558
:

0a\e?v.
18.
oltceorro
:

opt. of desire, as is also iyoiro in follg. verse.

Pronounce
This might

k~oi as one syllable by synizesis.

20.
err-tp-vj-av
:

(ivfa

lit.
;

means

'

utter the syllable

juw-.'

express various feelings

proposal.
23.
24.
fipci
:

here, indignation at the last part of Zeus's

descriptive
:

ipf.,

'

was

seizing her,' with increasing power.

"HpA

dat. of interest limiting e^oSe (2 aor.

from xo^Savw) instead

of gen. of possession limiting <tttj6os.

25
27.

=
ov

A
:

552.
jioi
:

28.

on account of orig. initial F in 78pco<ra Kaxd to the ruin of,' appositive of Kuov.
:
'

see
50.

on

v. 24.

30
31.
35.
alive,'

Cf.

517.
:

Scu|u>v(t)
wfjtov

see on

561.
:

pe(3p<i0ois

(from fli&pdxrKw)

the expression 'eat raw,' 'eat

seems to have been in common use in Greek in such connection as here. Cf. Xen. Anab. IV. viii. 14. are 37. pjjov from the stem ipy- or pty- two presents tpSu, (if (a
:

formed.

39
40.
41.

A
:

297.
:

p.ep.cufc

connect with 18e\u,

its

'

desire eagerly.'
it

Tifv

placed after
it is

noun, that

may

stand nearer the

rel.

adv.

30j [ov], of

which
'

the antecedent.
:

42.
43.

SiaTpCpciv, cda-ai

infs.

used as imvs., see on A

reluctant

20.

SuKa
: '

have conceded to you,' used absolutely

yet with

kwv

ae'tcovrf

ye Gvfiii

voluntarily,

mind.'

An

expression that

seems to contradict itself like this is called oxymoron or paradox (o|u and H&pop lit. pointedly foolish '). We have an example in Acts xxviii. 21 'to have gained this harm and loss.' 44. at, kt\. the relative clause precedes the antecedent, which last is found in v. 46.
:

'

45.

vairrdovori

lit.

'

dwell,'

i.e.

are situated.
really

ir6\ries
is
: '

stands as subj.
in.'

by a strong

personification.

The meaning

are dwelt

ILIAD
46.

IV.
partitive
'

249
word
is 'IA.101,

rdwv

gen. of the whole.

ircpl Ktjpf
:

The
adv.

the
is

name
local

of one city
dat.

irepl

is

exceedingly/ and

icripl

47.

&'|1|1Xcd

the ending of the gen. sing.

a>,

a contraction of do,

occurs after vowels.

48.
is

G. 39,

3,

H. 136 D,

b. 3.

Cf.

468.

The

latter part of the line

(what follows the caesura)

identical in both verses.

The wants
of

of the

gods are thought of as

precisely the

same as those
551.
:

men.
irp6<T0'

50
54.
elfil

Tttwv [tx]

governed by
'

1<TTanai

irpol<TTafxai

= irpoardTris
cf.

With
ovk clw

p-e-ycupa), 5i<nr4p<rai
:

may be

supplied.

55.

translate

refuse to permit.'

For ovk

in protasis,

ovk

idcKwcri,

57.
59.

r 289. ovk dr^Xco-rov

irpto-pvrdTqv
:

cf. v.

26

follg.
signif.,
'

has double

oldest

'

and most
'

dignified,' as

explained in
61.

follg. verse.
:

k6c\t]u.<u

for signif., see

on r 138

<ro

dvdcr<ms
clause,
'

an

in-

stance of parataxis.
ruler

We

should naturally use a

rel.

who

art

among

all
:

the immortals.'
'

64
67.

9do-o-ov

right quickly,'

See A 5. an example of the absolute use of the

first

comparative.
&pwo-iv -rrpoTepoi
: :
'

be the

to begin,' a

pleonasm

virip

opKia
70.

see on r 299.
pterd
:

for

meaning with ace, see on A

:

222.
v.

73.

irdpos

p-cjiOAiiav

'

already eager,' for she had expressed in

20

her unwillingness that the war should stop with the victory of Menelaos.

74
75.

=
:

B
i.e.
:

167.
[oij]
' :

olov

adv.

'

as.'

fj: gnomic aor., see on

218,

r 4

do-rt'pa

meteor.'
:

'stream forth from it (rov).' join with Itvrai and translate Athena is likened to the falling star in radiance and swiftness; arrived on earth, she begins at once to execute that of which her appearance was the sign (ripas). Cf v. 86. r 342, 343. 79. 80 dv8pirwv: gen. depends upon neither to^7js nor tro\4/j.oio taken 84. separately, but upon the compound idea of both together (see on B 145). Aao8oKa> sons of Antenor have been mentioned, B 822, r 123. 87.
77.
diro

78.

88.

IldvSapov;
dpi<pl 8^ p.iv
:

cf.
sc.

B 827
(<TT7i<rai>.

SiJopA'Ti [(^rovffa]

90. 91.
93.

Ato-^jiroio

cf.

825.

irWoio

opt. in potential use,

would be joined
itfv is

in

prose with &v.

:

It implies

a protasis of which r\alr)s

(if

apodosis.

Translate

'

would
etc.

you obey me? (cf r 52).

you would obey) you would have the courage,'

250
94.
l6s,
'

NOTES.
eimrpo[v [iiriirpowcu]
; ' :

2 aor. inf.

from
;

iirnrpolijfii.

Distinguish

arrow

?os,
:

'

one
'

; '

Xov,

'

violet.'

95.

Tp<ie<r<ri

in the sight of the

Trojans

'

for dat. (loosely con:

dpoio see on A 159. nected with whole sentence), G. 184, 5, H. 601 tov [ou] gen. governed by irap', which would have been written 97.
:

vdpa had
after

it

not suffered elision

(cf.

350).

The caesura

in this verse

ira/tir para,

which separates

with that in B 30,

fotTOi.

from its case, may be compared where the caesura comes between a/x<pi(s) and <ppdirap'

98.
99.

dpr)iov [Speioi/]
irvpfjs
:

the Attic form occurs v. 407.

for gen. after the prep, in composition, see G. 177,

:
'

H.

583.

100.

6t<rroKrov

direct thine

arrow

at,'

governs the gen. as a verb of

aiming.
102.

irpTO-ydvv

firstling,' *>. earliest

born

(in the spring)

and so

the oldest.

103.
105.

voo-Wjo-as

'

after thy return.'

Zr\\da.s
'

co-vXa :

'

was stripping

(of its cover),'

cf. B was laying

:

824.
bare.'

atyds

gen. of material.
f3e$\-fiKti, for rvxhcras [rvx^v] would require which once on a time he himself had fairly smitten under the breast.' He was lying in wait below the mountain goat (chamois), which he shot as it peered down at him from a ledge of rock.

106.

8v

construe with
: '

gen.

Translate

109.

K^pa: final a (regularly long by contraction) here loses half

initial

its

quantity before the

'

vowel of the next word

tip to tip.

CKKaiSctcdSupa

of sixteen palms,'

i.e.

in

span from

This verse may be compared with B 827. The fact that the bow was Apollo's gift to Pandaros is not inconsistent with its manufacture by
110.

human hands
two
horns).'

d<nc/jcras

'skilfully.'

{jpapc

'fitted together (the

111.
carried.

Kopiovnv

the

'

tip

'

over which the loop of the bowstring was

112.

koI

his weight
yaij]
),

upon
it

he laid

d-yKXivas: 'and when he had strung it, by leaning while one end rested upon the ground (ayicXlvas itor\ carefully down.'
.

it

113.

The
irplv

shields were interposed that the

Greeks might not see what

was preparing.
114.
115.
. .

irpv

see on

97,

cf.

354.

P\t}(t0cu

116.
117.

without intermediate vowel, cf. 8'x^' A 23. <paprp7]s: connect as gen. of separation with <r6\a [ecriKa].
:

2 aor.

?p|i'

dSvvdwv: see Horn. Diet, for what appears the most reasonlit.
'

able explanation of the phrase,

series of pangs,'

i.e.

'

carrying with

it

a long succession of pains.'

118.
KaTtKoo-jwi
:

was

adjusting.'

119-121

= vv.

101-103.

ILIAD
123.
its

IV.
i.e.

251

to

8i

o-Gnpov

(sc.

*t\a<rfv)

he drew the arrow back until

pred. adj.

iron point rested

on the bow.
:

124.

kvk\otcps

best

translated
into a circle

as
'

used

proleptically,

strained the mighty

bow

'

(cf.

39
'

see Horn. Diet., cuts 96

and

97).

125.

Xy

onomatopoetic word,
: '

cf.

Engl.

ting-a-ling-ling.'

126.

\uvtalvuv

eagerly desiring,' applicable to 6i<rr6s on account of

forgot,' the unreduplicated aor. is

the personification.
127.

XeXdOovTo

'

used with

differ-

ent meaning in r 420.

128.
dyX<i] (probably

ij

iyovaa

tV Xttaw)
kt\.
:

'bringer of spoil.'

129.
130.

toi

[<roi]

join with ifivvev.

<J$

two things are prominent in body at which the arrow is turned away; and (2) Athena's tender care for Menelaos. The perfect ease with which the goddess deflects the arrow is also indicated 'as easily as a mother brushes away a fly.' xpoo'j [xpo>t6s] gen. sing.
8tc
(it|ttjp,

-nkrov dirb \pobs

:

the comparison

( 1 )

the distance from Menelaos's

from

xp<<>*

W>

Xpt* [xpwro],
sc. (axrrrjpt

v. 139).

131.
133. girdle
twice.

88' (ore) Xt^crai [oray Ajjtcu].

^vtcto

and translate :
thickness.'

'

where the cuirass met the

tjvrcro is translated

and became of double

dptipon.
'

By zeugma

134.

close-fitted.'

135.
in

81a \uv

see on
jjXBe,

meaning from r 358. 136

r 357 r 357.

4Xt)Xoto

lit.

'

was

driven,' differs little

137.

the hips and next to the skin.

plates,
it.

was a woolen belt passing around the body at It was sometimes strengthened by metal and was broader than the faixa and (war-ftp, which were worn over
(ifrrpTis
:

the nhprj

See Horn. Diet, cuts

138.
fj

51, 78.
(sc.

01 ir\io-Tov ?puro
(lit.

rhv bl<n6v)

off the

arrow from
:

for) him.'
it
:

late the half-verse

'and

forced
'

its

which most of all warded Trans1 aor. from tlfii. way out [irp6) also through this.'
:

'

rfo-a-ro

139.

140.

QKpoTaTov xpoa surface of the skin.' arrets: used only here and in v. 149 of arrow wound.'
'

fp-

ptev [tppav].

141.

We

are familiar with the staining of ivory with red, through the

red ivory chessmen orig. brought from India

plates or strips of ivory.

Xj>avTa

refers to

142. Mtjovis: i.e. Konpa fem. Lydian woman,' see on r 401 form from Kop, a Karian.' The natural fem. form would be Kapla, then, by metathesis, Kafpo. thence Kdttpa
' :
'

143.
144.

-#|pif<j-avTo

gnomic

aorist.

iinr^es: 'knights,' 'chariot-drivers,'

not

'horsemen.'

252
145.
146.

NOTES.
Cf r
179 and
:

60.
if

T010L toi

translate as

oSrws aot

(udvOrjv [i/nivBrjaav or

ifjLiavdiiTTjv]

149.
151.

narappiov

why

not proparoxytone

G. 25,

1.

vvpov: the 'string' by which the metal point (alSripov) was tied
(/caA.ajuoy)
:

to the shaft

Ktos

sc.

wriiXr\s.

155.
ratified

6dvaTov

appositive of
to thee.'

opKia..

Translate

'

the

truce which I

was death
in

For

op/cta Ta/xveiv,
:

see on

124.

156.

irpoffTijo-as irp6

'Axhwv

such repetitions of the preposition are

Od.va.Tov,

very

common

Greek

of all periods.
:

157.

s i'PaXov, kt\.
iireiS^i

explains particularly
. . .

and us

is

nearly

equal to
158.

ko.t&
:

irdrqo-av

'

trod under foot.'

result,' for divine

oii

irws fiXvov

'

by no means without

vengeance

will surely

159
160.
'if

=
el

come upon B 341-

the Trojans for their breach of faith.

ovk frtkr<rtv

for ov in protasis, see

Zeus

fail to fulfil.'

ireAeafft

and

airericrav

are

on r 289, and translate, gnomic aorists.

II, 2, N. 1, H. 374, 1. added as an explanation of <rvv fieydAv. In ancient warfare, the men were slain (<r<prj<ri KepaArjo-t), the women and children sold as slaves (see on A 367). 163-165. These three verses are said to have been repeated over the ruins of Carthage by Scipio, who applied them to Rome. subj. used in sense of fut. indie, see on A 167. frrio-crT|0-i [iiritrelri] ol-yiSa for explanation of the word, see on A 447. 262

161.

reKtl: pres.

G. no,

162.

This verse

is

168.

Td[v:

is

easily referred to v.

161

&r<rT<u oin dTtXtcrro:

'shall not fail of fulfilment,' litotes.

169.
verse.
certain,
grief.

This verse

is
is

the antithesis of the last half of the preceding

:

The thought
if it

'Little

comfort the destruction of Troy, however

!

is at

the cost of thy death

'

cr0ev

gen. of the cause of

170.

Wtixov

used

in sense of fxo?pav,

'

appointed space.'
cf.

The phrase

ir6rnoi/ &vair\-h<TT)s is the fuller

way
it

of saying davys,

A 88.

171.

The motive

for continuing the

of Menelaos, in

whose behalf

war would be gone with the death was begun.

174.

irvo-ei: causative,

'shall

make

decay,'

instead of saying 'thy

bones
175.
177.

shall

decay

in the earth.'
: '

dT\evriJTft> tirl ep-yw

with work unaccomplished.'

iri9p(oo-Kv
iirl irdo-i:

exactly equivalent in

178. 180.
181.

'in all things.'

:

meaning to Lat. insultans. x^ov TtXtVtw: cf. A 82.

Kal

8*| Vp\r\

'

and now he has gone.'

Xiirwv d-ya6J>v
|*ov

182.
184.

\dvoi
:

'

Mev&aov explains Kfivyffi vr)v<rl. may it open for me,' i.e. open to receive me.
ft.i\

h^| ire*

is

equal to

xo>s {cf
it

Y 306 and

v.

234)

SfiStcnrco

here transitive, though in

B 190

was

intransitive.

ILIAD
185.
187.
irdpoiOcv
:

IV.

253
means
'

in contrast with xrKtvipQs

in front,'

'

outside.'

For
tcev

(wfxa

and

fiirptj,

see on v. 137.
:

190.
191.

cmpdo-o-tTai
iravo-ntri

(diu/jialofxai)

lit.

'touch,' i. 'probe,' 'examine.'

[iravcrcie

6.v\:

'would free from pains (oowdaiv).'

An

ace.

al

may be

supplied.
:

193.
194.

8tti Td^wrra
<})wt'

as with in rdxurra, sc Svvacrai.

:

'Ao-K\T]iriov vUSv

'

heroic son of Asklepios.'

Machaon has

already been mentioned (B 729-733) with his brother Podaleirios. Asklepios (Lat. Aesculapius) is thought of by Homer as wholly human and as

a scholar of Cheiron [cf v. 219). 196. 6urTv<ras JJIJaXcv [d'i<rT<j> %$a\tv]

'

has hit with an arrow.'

irro'

200.

-irairf av<ov

redupl.

from the root

; '

of

irr^<r<ra>,

lit.

'look

about one's

self timidly or cautiously

here

cast glances after.'

For Tpltcns, cf B 729. 90-92. Notice the anapaestic (anapaest, ^^-L) rhythm of this verse L \j\j-L \j\j-L \j^j-J-\ ter the first syllable

201-203
204.

af-

205-207
208.

= 195-197.
:

'

With t$ nlv

K\tos,
'

cf.

160,

Qvpbv Spivt
KaO* 6|u\ov,
;

stirred his heart

(to pity).

Cf.

r 50. Y 395

'

stirred her

heart (to indignation).'

203.

dvd <rrpar6v

Kara,

denotes motion through without

regard to direction
the

avd indicates that the progress was from one end of

ptc. (cf. v. 115)
:

211.
adj.

army to the other. p\%vos: 2 aor.

Translate (from
odi)

'to

from $d\\a> used as attributive where the wounded yellow-haired Mene-

laos was.'

212.
<rotai:

kuk\6oj (): 'in a

'then
(8')

circle.'

the god-like hero

The apodosis begins with 6 5' iv utawas standing among them by his
6.ytv

(Menelaos's) side.'
214.
irdXvv
:

See on

137.
[idyrjffav]:
2 aor. pass.

join with O-eKico/xevoio

from &yvufu, cf. F 36. The barbs of the arrow were broken off as it was drawn back through the metal-plated fao-T-fip. Trd<ro- from 4iwrdcr<Tw 218. i-a' ffiria mild,' soothing,'
. . .

'

'

'

healing.'

219.

ol

dat. limiting the

ot warpl ir6pe

verb

is

here used instead of gen. limiting

the noun,

Translate the entire clause: 'which Cheiron once in kindness (<pika <ppovea>y) bestowed upon
[rcj>

narpl avrov tSuitev].

his father.'

220.
221.
222.

djwjuircvovro

'were busied about,'

ffXvQov
: '

cf.

318.

Connect r with
aOris
:

'again,'

had come on.' for since r 114 the Greeks seem to have remained

without their armor.

223.

ovk dv l8ois

cf.

220.

The

verses from this point

down

to 421

describe the renewal of the combat and exalt

Agamemnon's

virtues as a

commander.

254
226.
2a<r: 'left' standing,

NOTES.
i.e.

he forsook horses and chariot in his

-ttoikCXo.

zeal to exhort the chiefs

Xo,Xkcu
:

promptly and with the greatest result

'

gleaming with bronze.'

:

229.

iroWd

'

earnestly,' as in

35

irapitrx^cv

[irapi'xsiv]

sc.

Toi>5 'Ittttovs.

230. iroXe'as 81a Koipave'ovTa Sid governs wokeat [iroWois]. Strand avd never suffer anastrophe. Koipaviovra used in pregnant signif. Translate moved as ruler through the ranks.'
:
: :

'

231.

lirnraiktvro

as in
:

196.

232.
234.

o-rrtvSovTas
y.f\

sc. els

ndxw

which was expressed

in v. 225.

ir

'not yet.'
2<r<rT' dpcu-yos [ro7s tyevcrrais

235.
p-fl^et]
:

rl tj/eu8r<riv
'will aid liars.'

inaparybs Kotixj or

iira-

^ev8V<ri

is

dat. pi.

stantive,

and

4-rri

is

separated from apary6s

from adj. ^euS^s, used as subto which it belongs.

236. 237.

Cf. vv. 67, 72, 271.

twv avrwv
lojjuopoi

'

of the

men

themselves,' contrasted with a\6xovs and

TeKva in
242.

follg. verse.
:

word

of very uncertain meaning.

is

satisfactory of the various etymologies

'

that

voice,'

'boasters.'

and the root nap- to shine.' Thus it For other etymologies, see Horn. Diet.
'

Perhaps the most which derives it from id would mean mouth-heroes,'

'

243.
158, 207

2o-rnT
;

for other instances of aor. with signification of

pf ., cf

A
V

cf.

also v. 246.
<j>p<r

245.
45)-

p.T&

[eV <ppe<rt\

dXidj

'power of self-defence
fpva>,

'

(cf.

248.
sense,
'

clpva-r'

[elpwrai]

pf.

pass,

from

here used in

its

literal

have been drawn

at
k'

up.'

See on A 239.

249.

vin-po-xi]
;

see on

137.

250

= B 207

cf.

also v. 231.
:

251.

rl Kpr|T<r<ri

iirl

with dat. here denotes motion towards, but

Contrast with
v.

not with idea of opposition.

273

dvd ovXaprfy

'through (the length

253.
255.
256.
otj'C:

of) the

dense crowd.'

'a (wild-) boar.'

y^9t]o-v ISwv:
p.ei\i)((ouriv
:

ntr. pi.

'was glad to see' (see on A 330). used as substantive, see on

A
;

539.
ai.

257. 258.

Construe

irepl

as adv. and
:

Aava&v as gen.

of

whole with
'

dXXokp

Iirl 'ipyy

'

on business of a different sort

e.g.

on a mis-

sion as envoy

(cf.

145).

259.
260.

8t [6ir6rw].
:

is

have mixed in a mixing bowl.' ivl Kpr/r^pi tvl KprjTfjpi Kp(ovTcu added for vividness, though implied in Kepuvrai, which is pres. subj. from Kfpafiat [Kepdvvvfii]. 262. SaiTpov (Soieo): 'a measured portion.' irXetov [irXt'ov].
'

5-OTTJK6

'

stands

filled.'

ILIAD
263.
-irittiv
:

IV.

255

such uncontracted forms explain the accent (perispomeform.

is

non) of
267.

2 aor. infinitives in their Attic

\rtno-rr\v teal
:

vro(Tx* a'9 ai K d

Kanvmrft a more common equivalent phrase Karavevtiv (cf. A 514).

cf.

269.
299,

For

different expressions signifying breach of truce,

107,

67, 157.
Kopva-<ri<r9t]v
:

273.

'

were arming themselves,'

cf.

1,

18.

274.
the sea.

The cloud

of foot-soldiers (v. 274) suggests the comparison in

the following simile with the cloud sweeping

down upon

(KaTfpxontvov)

'blast.' The west wind (Zi<pvpos) which came to 276 icoTJs [ti'otjs] Asia Minor from the snow-clad mountains of Thrace was a cold and violent wind, and is thus represented in the Iliad. See on B 147. itovtov and to him who is far away it appears blacker 277. t<5
:

'

than
d-yti
:

(t/vt
'

?j)

pitch as

it

descends

(I6v,

lit.

'going') upon the deep.'

brings.'

279.

piynxev and ^Xeure, like eUtv

roiai
:
'

(v.

275), are

gnomic

aorists.

280. 231.

in

such wise
:
'

'

(cf. v.

146).

Stjiov iroXejiov

hot combat.'

The

point of comparison

is

in the density

and blackness
'

(m/Kival, Kvdveat) alike of the v*<pos

found and the

<pa.Xayyes-

282.
color.'

Kvdvcu

steel-blue,' adj. derived

' :

from

kvclvos,

'

steel of a bluish

ir4>pticuiai
<r4><i>i
:

bristling

'

(cf.

Lat. horrentes).

286.
237.

ace. obj. of KeA.et5,

with which ^dxfoSai

may be

supplied.

avr*i

'(you) yourselves,'

i.e.

on your own impulse.

288=B37i.
290, 291
292. 293.

= B 373, 374.
aXXovs
:

p.er'

see on

222.

ItT(i

redupl. 2 aor. from stem rep- [icaTf\af)fv].

:
'

294.

ovs erdpovs oreXXovTa

placing in position his comrades.'

all

295. 296.

The
:

chiefs

named
:
'

are

Pylians.
verse.
'

297.
299.

iinrfjas

object of

(i)<TTi)<rtv in follg.

'tpKos *(acv iroXtfioio

to

be a protection against the combat

(cf.

2S4).

300.
force.'

Translate ' so that, even though unwilling, one would fight per In the disposition of the chariots, foot-soldiers, and non-combat,
:

ants,

may be observed rudimentary

4-irereXXsTo
:

military tactics.

301.
(v.

refers to the specific directions

(vv.

which follow

first

302) in oratio
op-iXw
:

Miqua ; then
local dat.

303-305) as direct commands.

302.

304.
306.

otos irpoo-8'

oXXwv:

i.e.

as irpdftaxos

(cf.

13, 16).
:
'

Translate (this and

first

half of follg. verse)

But

(St)

whoever,

from his chariot (i.e. without leaving his place reached another chariot, let him thrust forth his

in the
lance.'

line), shall

have

256
309.
313. 314. 315.
316.

NOTES.
voov Kal 9v\l6v
0u|a6v
: ' :

'

mind and

heart.'

Cf.

193,

352.

courage.'
'

Yovva6'
6|iofrov

strength,' of to

which the knees were reckoned the

seat.

'common
yvp as
-

all.'

'i\(w
fl>s

sc

319.

tyxv [oSras exttv]

it

KaTKTav

this 2 aor. of the

peculiar in that

does not lengthen the stem vowel. G. 125,

:
'

320.
fire of

&p.a irdvTa

all

things at once,'

i.e.

form is H. 401, N. the wisdom of age and the

-/it

3,

youth.
l
:

321.
324.
325.

'as sure

as.'

oTrdJti
'
:

'

presses hard.'

alxn&s alxpdo-o-ovo-1
6-irXoTcpok vcydao-i
: '

shall brandish their spears.'

are

more able

to bear arms.'

326
227.
328.
330.

== 272.

Ilerewo
d|i<}>C
:

see on

B
' .

552.

adverbial,
.
.

on both sides
. .

(of

Menestheus).'
:

-rap

dfi<f>l

8<rra<rav

\afi<piirapt<rTa<rav]

'

stood close

beside him on both sides.'

331.
crJ>i
:

dat.

we might have had

332. 334.
o-mroTt
:

used instead of a gen. limiting \a6s, so that in Attic 6 \abs avrwv, i.e. the host of Menestheus and Odysseus.
:

vt'ov o-vvopivop-cvot
'

'

just set in motion.'

for the

moment when.'
aimed

See on
is

67.

335
336.
334,

Tptiwv

gen. of obj.
:

at after dp/x-fiaeie.

viK<ro-v

the cause of his reproof

given in earaarav vv. 331,

kcucoio-i 80X010-1
'

t(TT7J*ti v.

329, ((TraSr v. 328.

:

339.

KtKa<r\Uvt

pf. ptc.

from

Kaivvp.ai

in

base

wiles,' not in

340.
341.

deeds of valor. do ye stand dJ>o-raT

:

'

aloof.'

o-<}>wi.v

Idvras: see on

541 for another example of ptc.

agreeing with subj. (understood) of

dual) expressed.

infin.

rather than with the dat. (here

With iirtoiice compare in meaning lirieixts, A 547. For you are also the first to hear from me (the sum343. Translate mons to) the banquet.' The verb of hearing is followed by two genitives instead of the gen. of the person and the accusative of the thing (cf. T 87).
:

'

345.

Kpe'o is subj. of 4<rri to

is

be supplied, and
construction
is

<pl\a,

on which tdnevai

depends,

the predicate.

The

exactly similar to that in

107.

346.

6cj>pa 0e\rjTov
<}>Xo)s
:

'

as long as ever
is

you may

desire.'

347.
1

the adv.

suggested by 0f\a

(v. 345).

The thought
;

is

you have been glad to eat and drink your fill at my table now you would be glad to see ten files of men between yourselves and the enemy.'
350.
351.
'dpKos oSovtuiv
:

tpKos stands in definitive apposition with

:

<re.

|u6ip.ev [nedtevat]

cf. v.

240 and
'

241.

352.
353.

Yfpofv

subj. with shortened mood-sign.

koA at

ictv

toi

t4

ucp.t|'Xr)

and

if

this interests you.'

Thus the

ILIAD
taunt
real
is

IV.

257

cast

back upon

Agamemnon by

implying that he himself has no

wish to enter the combat.

Cf.

354.

B 259

follg.
'
:

355.
357.

<ru Si

ravr* avtjxioXia Bdis

:

these words of yours are but wind.'

naturally be in

\ao\Uvoio
is

the supplementary ptc. would

the ace, which

[eyvw] to be.
obj. (G. 171,
2,

the case in which

more we should expect

is

the obj. of yvu

Here, however, the verb

construed with a gen. of the

with this gen
trdXiv \d-

H.

576),

and the

ptc. agrees

Jero

'

took back.'
KcXcvoi
:

359. 361.

'urge (you) on.'

oiSt' tol y*4> <f>pov&is

^ma Stjvccl

&

t* iy<! irtp

friendly (fjina) thoughts to

me

(sc.

ipoi), for

'(your heart) has your views are the same as

:

mine.'

362.
5-irurflcv

dXX' Wi: not different from aAA' &ye

&p<r<rdp*8'
:

(cf.

V 432)

rovra

8'

(freely)

'

will

arrange this to your satisfaction

hereafter.'

363.

t&

84

irAvTa 8tol |xrra|iwvia 8iv

If,
is

'

may

the gods

make

it

all disis

appear

like a breath of wind.'

as usually explained, utrandvta

for

fitravtuwvta (&vf/xos), the

word

suggested by

avefitiKia in the last line of

Agamemnon's speech
364
365.

= 292.

(v. 355).

Agamemnon now comes

to

Diomedes, the son of Tydeus, one of

fill

the very noblest of the Greek heroes, distinguished not less for self-control

than for courage and strength.

366.
tv
6' I'irirowri

His exploits
:

much

of

Kal dpfxcuri

'

in the chariot to

E and Z. which the horses

were spanned.'
367. 371.
irdp
t(
8'

& 01

'

and close by him.'

;

6-rmrcvtis iroXenoio -y(J>vpas

'why dost thou gaze

at (in-

stead of entering) the bridges of combat?'

Imagine the two armies opposite each other, separated by a narrow space. This space, which both are desirous to cross and in which the combat takes place, may
naturally be called y4<pvpa iroXtfioio.

372.

'Not so fond
lit.

of skulking
is

'one who cringes,' which TT(i)<rKa(4/xfv is formed.

'beggar,'

was Tydeus.' The word uruxor, derived from root of irrt&rerw, from

373.

Join to\6 with

irovvfvov
:

irp6

'

far in front of.'

374.
bat.'

cf.

409,
:

where

irovew is

used of the

'

toil

of comtesti-

ov -yap ty* T <> tT *mony, and not Agamemnon

376. 377.

gives reason
it

why

others should bear

was before

his day.

4rtp

iro\'fu>v
'

i.e.

'without hostile preparation.'

brothers-in-law, having

ivos:

as a friend,' adds a positive designation to the negative

4rp iro\fnoio.

Tydeus and Polyneikes who were

married daughters of Adrastos, king of Argos, had come to Mykenae to enlist volunteers for the expedition of the Seven against Thebes.

258
:

NOTES.
TTpaT6a>v9 '
:

'

378. oi 8 i.e. Tydeus and Polyneikes were seeking to make an expedition.'

conative

ipf.

380.
382.
384.

01 8

i.e.

the inhabitants of

01 8' errei

oSv
too

see on

advanced on the road.'

Mykenae. B 20 irpb 68ow G. 182, 2, H. 589.

fcye'vovro

'

were well

We
the

know

little

of the legend to be able to say exactly to

whom
386.

word

'Ax<oi refers.
'of the mighty Eteokles (see on r 105). holding the throne of Thebes in despite of the claims
'

Pitjs 'ETOK\rielT]s:

Eteokles was
389.

now
: '

of his brother Polyneikes.

See Class. Diet,

article

Thebes.

irdvTa

in every contest,' ntr. pi.

390. Athena's aid is mentioned, not so much as the cause as it is the proof of the courage of Tydeus. Had he been less brave, he would not have had her help.
392.

The Thebans appear

koA Toio-t
:
'

to

their boundaries before sending the

have waited until Tydeus was beyond ambuscade to lie in wait for him.

upon them also,' i.e. they as well as his competitors succumbed to Tydeus. 397. 2iT<j>v' redupl. 2 aor. from stem <pev-, 'slew.' Tcpdcco-i [rtpaai]: G. 56, 2, H. 168. acc sing- from x*pvs- It has the 400. X P ia (also x e a c f- ^ 80) force of a comparative, and is equivalent to x f P^ uv [x*'P "']
396.
in wrestling
:

>

ft

As

the passage vv. 374-400

it

is

unusually obscure,
:

it

seems proper to

give of

the following paraphrase

" I

cannot speak from personal

;

knowledge of Tydeus, for he was before my time but they say that he was superior to all others for without warlike pomp, but with the rights
;

of a guest-friend, he entered

Mykenae with Polyneikes, seeking

to collect

you know, were planning a campaign against mighty walled Thebes.) And the people of Mykenae were resolved to give them what they asked and approved their request, but Zeus diverted them from And so, when their purpose by showing unpropitious signs (cf. B 353). they were well on their way and had reached the Asopos, the Achaians Accordingly in turn sent thither Tydeus as messenger to the Thebans. he went and found them feasting in the house of mighty Eteokles. There, though a stranger (and a declared enemy), not even for an instant was
a host.

(The

chiefs,

the knight

Tydeus

afraid,

though alone amidst a multitude

all easily,

but he chal-

lenged to a wrestling-match and conquered them

self so brave).

so potent was

the aid of Athena (whose aid he enjoyed in such measure because him-

return a strong

And the Kadmeians in wrath prepared for him on his ambush of fifty young nobles, and the leaders were two Maion the son of Haimon and Polyphontes the son of Autophonos. Tydeus slew them also, as he had vanquished his opponents in the games, and he let only one escape in obedience to the gods he sent home Maion.
:

ILIAD
battle,

IV.
is

259
inferior in

Such was Tydeus; but the son whom he has begotten but outshines him in the agora."
401. 403.
otf

tu

'

not a word
v.

'

(cf

51

1).

Sthenelos (see
in silence.
J/\i8*':

367) defends his superior,

irdwfta
elirt7v.

who has heard

the

whole
404.

for \f/ev8eo [^tvSov]

;

adv. with changed accent

from
as

<ra<t>T)s

[aArjOws]

connect with

405.

The ground

for this

famous boast of Sthenelos, which has been

quoted, as a model of self-respecting self-assertion, as any verse of the Iliad, is that we (the sons) have done more than our fathers. They, and among them Tydeus and Kapaneus, though performing prodigies of

much

valor,

were unsuccessful
("Eirlyovoi,

in their attacks

upon Thebes
it

we. their sons,

who
far

participated in the second expedition against Thebes,

'after-born'),

that

of the
:

Epigoni

conquered
:

fY d|iavovS

so

from being x V" a as Agamemnon had charged (v. 400). (Lptiov may be adj. from prop. 407. viro 'under and before.' name "Aprjs, 'martial or, if considered irreg. comp. from aya96s, is best translated without comparative force, 'firm.' 408. imGofwvoi in obedience to,' i.e. we showed no impious defiant spirit, such as brought destruction on the leaders of the first expedition, but took counsel of the gods, and thus had their guidance to success. 409. An often quoted verse.
:

'

'

410.
of
/xri

p4|

v8>

notice the departure from Attic usage in the use

with aor. imv.

412.

Cf A

565
'

o-iwtttj fjcro

'sit in silence,'
:

'be quiet.'

413.
inf.

vjw<r<S

Aycifwiivovi

or by the ptc.

oTpvvovn vtfxeau may be followed by the In the former case, it is not implied that the action
;

censured has taken place

802.

in the latter,

it is

so implied.

G. 279, n.

i,

H.

Cf B

296,
:

56.

415. tovto) repeated (in v. 417) with special emphasis. Agamemnon's personal interest (as brother of Menelaos) in the war, his personal glory or grief depending on its termination, seems to Dioraede to excuse even

misjudged reproof.
of exploits which
fill

To

this reproof his sufficient

Z.

answer

is

the succession

E and

419
421.

=T

29.

vn-6: 'below,'
is

with special reference to that trembling of the

effect of fear (see
:
'

knees which
the
sc.

common

meaning of
(I

ra\ourl(ppova

on r 34) even a stout-hearted one.'

trtp

heightens
tcev

clXev

irapcyfveTO.

423.

ipwreu:

'

rises,'
:

as the

shore

cirao-o-v-rtpov
{cf.

see on

wave does just before it 'breaks' on the r 383 Zccpvpov iiiro: 'by reason of
dp^l
.
. .

Zephyros'
425.

B
:

95).
'

x(p<r<a

on the firm land.'

Kopu^ovrat

'

and be-

26o

NOTES.
This simile

ing curved forward raises itself aloft about the headlands.'

(vv. 422-426)

may be

thus translated

"

As when on

the resounding strand

is raised (one following another) under the force of Zephyr urging them on first it raises its head out in the deep, but then as it breaks on the mainland it roars loudly, and curving inward towers aloft about the headlands and flings forth the sea-foam.'

a wave of the sea

428.

vcoXtfMws

'

unceasingly,'
to his

'

steadily.' -

kcXcvc, kt\.

'

each com-

mander was giving orders

431.
o-i-yrj

own
:
'

men.'
in silence

8ei8idTs <ri]jidvTopas

from dread of their com-

manders.'
433.
435.
avXfj
:

'

farm-yard.'
:

&&>ix& (icpaKviai point of the comparison.

'

incessantly bleating
restlessness

The

in these words lies the ' and uproar of the Trojans are
;

emphasized.
436.
opwpei(j')
:

the addition of v movable in the 3 sg. of the plupf.

and

in the 3 sg. of the ipf. of

verbs in -e

is

rare

dva o-rpaTov cvpvv

'along the whole breadth of the host.'

437.
little

Opoos

'

language
(see
:

'

yfjpvs

'

dialect
'one,'

in

meaning

on r
'

2)

l'a:

but the two words differ and so 'the same' (cf. V 238).
'

438.
440.

on this
442.

summoned from many nations.' Deimos and Phobos are the ordinary attendants of Ares, but occasion they attend Athena as she urges on the Greeks. cijiotov
itoXvkXtjtoi
:

jj.ejj.cuna,

'incessantly eager.'

Vergil has imitated vv. 442, 443, in his description of Fama, Aen.
in
is

IV, 176

follg. The prominent thought growth from small beginnings, which rumor. Cf. on B 93. 443. ovpavw local dative.
:

both descriptions

is

the rapid

as noticeable of strife as of

444.
447.

ojjlouov

'

o-vv p (3aXov pivovs:

449.

JitXtjvto

(see on v. 315). 'brought together the shields of ox-hide.' sync. 2 aor. midd. from stem ireAet-, which is contained
'
;

common

to both

in the pres. irc\dfa

in

it

describes the single act included in a general

way

<rvv4&a\ov bivovs (v. 447). Translate the sentence: 'and the bossy shields came into collision with each other.'

Connect bwbvraiv with ux&>\^, oWvfxtvwv with ol/j.a>yfi. bea>) lit. made to flow by a storm,' orig. adj., then subst., 'torrent.' This word and the equally common x a P^P a (x a~
451.
452.

xelpappoi (x^A"1 an d

'

pd<r<r(a,

'to cut'), 'gully,' are to-day the ordinary designations for streams
kovt

in

Greece, and their etymology well suggests their character

[koto twu bpwv\.
6Ppip.ov
:

opecrejn

453.

lit.

'

weighty,' from the depth of the

fall

as well as the

mighty mass.
454.

Connect Kpovvwv in (ieyd\wv with

thus translated
:

454)

may be

'

beovres. The As when storm-swollen

simile (vv. 452rivers (streams)

ILIAD
flowing from copious sources

IV.

26l

down the mountains pour together a mighty mass of water into a basin within the hollow torrent-bed.' 455. The stupendous operations of nature are made more impressive
by the solitude suggested by the introduction of a solitary beholder. stupet inschts alto acapiens v. 275, T u cf. also Verg., Aen. II, 307
; :

Cf.
soni-

tum saxi de
457.

vertice pastor

tKkvt

gnomic

aor., as in

4.

Antilochos, Nestor's son, the youngest of the chiefs, often celein

brated
460. 461.

Horn, for his swiftness of foot, begins the slaughter.

His

death at the hands of

irfige

Memnon we

learn from the Odyssey, 8 187.

iv: 'planted (his spear) firmly in,' 'pierced.'

:

t6v 6<r<n

apposition of the part with the whole (see on

in battle,

150).

For various phrases descriptive of death

504, 517, 522, 531, 544.

cf vv. 469, 470, 482,

464
465.

B 341. tkut 8" vir in PeXe'wv [uire{erAKs]

of)

'and he was dragging him out

6<}>pa,

from under (the shower

missiles.'
(cf.
:

<rv\Vjo-i

the

inf.

is

more usual than

466.
while.'

the final clause

A
'

133).

|uvuv8a

&
:

01

yivtl)'

6p|r/j

but his effort lasted but a

; '

little

468.
469. 470.
474.
in

01 Kvv|/avn

'

as he bent over

dat. to

be joined with the verb

ie<pad.vdr).

vot6v

'

the polished
:

'

spear-shaft.

Ip-vov dp-yaXtov
f|t0eov
:

'

hard struggle.'
first

this

meaning from
477.
ov8^
.
.

aifaSs (cf
.

word here occurs for the B 660, T 26).

' :

time

it

differs little

dirc'SwKE

but he did not recompense his parents for

their care.'

479.
480.

W:

connect with

irpwTov 7dp |uv

Cf.

front of battle.'

T 436). him as he was charging along in the as of equivalent meaning, irpwrov with iv irpofidxois,
tiovpl (cf.
:

Io'vto,

'for

16, 31.

483.
tling,'
'

florin] (probably from

depression,'
ol lit
'

same root
^ ire^vKTj
ol,

as vn<u, cf aor. uaa)

f$) tiv

'set-

hollow.'

irt<pvKri].
iirtirf<pva<Tt]
:

484.
its

aKporaru

ir<(j>va(ri [avrfi

aKpoTarri

'grow upon

which is pron., not article. 485. al'Ocovi: 'gleaming,' because whetted and polished. 486. KO|i\|rn subj. used properly after the gnomic aor., which has the meaning of a primary tense bends into a felly.' The xdpAJrn fcrw: ace. is one of effect.
aKpordrr) agrees with
: '

summit.'

488.

toIov, kt\.

translate so as to give strong demonstrative force to

roiov: 'so lay there* (toJW) Anthemides,

'Av8c}iiSt]v
:

whom Ajax was

name

despoiling.'
(v.

not the precise form which the orig.

;

473) would

have led us to expect

490.
Kofl*

more regular would have been

cf. v.

'AvdeniwvlS-riv.

8|uXov

209.

262
492. 493. 494.
rre'pwcre
a|i<}>'
:
'

NOTES.
to the other side
i.e.
'

of the Greeks.

avro>:
. .

about the corpse which he was despoiling.

:

tov

d-n-oKTcpivoio

not gen. absol., but causal gen. after a

verb of emotion.
497. &p.<f>l iraTTTTJvas looking on both sides of himself,' to see that no part of his body was exposed to a side-thrust. The shield (cf. v. 468) would protect only against thrusts from the front. 498. dvSpds depends upon the vir6, and is construed with KettdSovTo The meaning of the verb, retired,' nat(redupl. 2 aor. from xaCM a 0urally suggests the equivalent meaning were forced back,' with which the gen. of the agent is natural (see on A 242) ovx &Xiov 'not in
:

'

'

'

vain,' litotes.

500.

irap' l'inrwv a>Kidwv

'

from his swift mares,'

i.e.

leaving a part of
836).
kripoio
tj

the royal stud at Abydos, where he had the care of

502.
Kopo-T]v:

used as

them [cf. B synonymous with Kp6ra<pos. Hence

: '

is

appropriate with Kpordtyoio

is

through the other (farther) temple.'

8'

separated an unusually long distance from oi'xm^1 r ""^ does not suffer anastrophe 505. x <*P Tl" av 8' *,7r0 [5' virtx<t P l <Tav \
'
'

because 8(e) intervenes between preposition and verb

irpoTtpw
507.
: '

I'Ovcrav 8e iroXv

rushed a long distance forward.'

vep.o-T]o- 8'

'AiroWwv

in the

wrath,

we have an example
1'kt

of the
:

509
510.
511.

Argives;' for dat. G. 184,

XP" S

x^PP^s 'Apveuns 3, H. 597. s subject \l60s and ixtSripos are predicates.

' ;
:

way in which Apollo expresses his anthropomorphism of Homer. withdraw from the fray before the

dvcurxeo-Bai

inf.

of result without the conjunction

;

fi<rre,

'so as

to withstand.'

on A 8. 512. oi |idv \jt.i\v\ oi>V carries back the thoughts to ob introduces a more emphatic and more important denial.
G. 265, N.
yet see
:

(v.

510),

and

513. 514.
508).

irtVo-ji

see on
:

81

cf.

also

237.
{cf. v.

nrdXtos

i.e.

a.Kpoir6\ews,

where was the temple of Apollo

516.

Cf. this verse

with

v. 240. 7re8aa>)
:

517.
518.

(TTtSi\(n (1 aor.

from

lit.

'

fettered,'

'

arrested.'

x PP a ^4>
:

xxxv. 17
519.

'if

h the expression x e PM a S^ fiaWeiv cf Numbers he smite him with throwing a stone.'

: '

kvthit]v
Kvfifirjv

had #A/}to (sync.

2 aor.)

been

act.

we should have
is

ex-

plained

as in partitive appos. with the pron. referring to the perretained, although

son struck.
fication.

In the pass, voice the ace. of the part

is in

the person struck

the nom., this ace.

is

then called the ace. of speci:*

520.

Ilelpoos

mentioned in B 844

AlvoOcv

Ainos was a
'

city at

the

mouth

of the Hebros.
:

521.

dvcuS-rfs

as applied to Kaas, the adj.

means

relentless,'

'

cruel.'

ILIAD
dp4>0Tepw Ttvovrc
plies
a.
:

IV.
suitable,

263
because every joint im'

dual number

is

pair of tendons.
crdpouri
:

523.

dat. after a
is

verb of

'

reaching,'
dat.

stretching toward.'

Here

the gesture

one of appeal, and the

approaches closely an

indirect object.

Possibly
:

we may
'

find a parallel construction in

life

351.

524.

(Hifibv diroirvtov

gasping his

away,' a strong expression to

denote the result of a wound which would not appear to us to have been
deadly.
526.

\wro

join with this 4k of the preceding verse.

Notice the

paronomasia.
527.
air<rrv|ivov
:

'

as he sprang away.'

529.

&YX.tpo\ov

&
:

ent upon the verb.

530.

nrdo-aTo
'

e came near to him,' but the dat. is dependG. 184, 3, H. 597. See also on B 408. recognize the force of midd. voice by translating

^^

'

iyxos
532. 533.
K&pri

his spear.'
-irpi<n-T]<rav
:

see on

aKpotcofioi

see on

B B

410.
11

and 542 and contrast the epithet with

;

KouowvTfs and omQtv

ireXtfuxCn,
' :

KOfiSccirrts.
'

535.

was driven back

from

the primary idea of the

word

is

of 'wavering motion.'
536.
539.
TTd<r9-qv
:

pi upf. pass,

relva.

ovKeri K 6vo<raiTo: 'no longer (as

Agamemnon had done

in

mar-

shalling the host, v. 242) could one find fault with.'

541.

The

optatives in this and the follg. verse are explained on ac-

count of the implied condition in the relative clause.

542.
pwTjv
:

'sweep,' 'reach

'

of the missiles (see on

62).

BOOK FIFTH
Ec

/3a\\et

Kvdipetav 'Aprjd re Tv&eos

shed, by sacred rage

vt6$.

In Epsilson Heaven's blood is

of Diomed.

The

first

eight verses are a fitting introduction to the exploits of Diois

mede, who
reply of

Diomede

led us to

E and of a part (vv. 1 19-236) of Z. The dignified Agamemnon's ungrounded censure (A 37ofollg.) had expect the valor which this book illustrates. He justifies his
the hero of
to

rank by the side of Ajax as second only to Achilles. Many combats of other heroes are introduced partly to break monotony; partly to bring out by contrast the superior bravery and might of Tydeides. 1. v0' ai then in turn,' for Diomede now for the first time takes his

'

place in the

he should have wrought them alone

2.
:

His deeds are too remarkable for it to be possible that hence Swk UaKKas 'Adrivrj. IkStjXos 7'voito might shine forth like a light from darkness, cf.
field.
;

'

'

for the
4.

same

figure
:

iicircu<pd<T<retv,
is

843.
;

Bait 01

the hiatus

translating join the dat. with the verb him.'

aKoifiaTov
:

only apparent, see Sketch of Dialect, 8 in ' there flamed forth from (lit. 'for ')
:

suitable epithet of fire

from

its irresistible

force

and

progress.
6.

XeXovfievos

'

after
:

having bathed,'

i.e.

having risen above the oceanit

stream

'ilKiavoio

may be

considered local genitive, or possibly

i.e.

is

gen. of separation, 'from Okeanos-stream,'

with waters from Okeanos.

The latest view gives to this genitive the name of quasi-partitive genitive, and includes under it a great number of examples (see Monro's Horn. Gram. 151). i.e. from his helmet and shield, which last dirb Kparos tc Kal &\t,o>v 7. was suspended from the shoulders (see v. 4). Spo-e sc. 'Ad-fivrj. k\ovovto were surging to and fro.' 8. V[<rn\v this form (for ^ry\v) occurs in Horn, in this place alone. 10.
: : :

'

Ei was the ancient

nume

for the letter E,

which was designated by the grammarians

*E

i>iAd\

;:

ILIAD
11.
12.
'

V.

265

fuixis irdo-ip
01 [airry,
i.e.

see on B S23.
:

Aiofi-hSei]

connect with

the twain, separated from the crowd, rushed

dp/xrjdriTiiv, and translate upon him from the opposite

side (ivavriw).

13.

dsj>'

iinrwv

[a<p*

apparos]

see on

T
cf.

265.

14
17.

=r

15.
:

IpoX' ovtov

'did

he strike him,'

V 368.

For the translation of

the last hemistich, see on r 349.

18.

ovx &Xiov
|X-ra.jj.cl5<.ov
'

litotes.

19.

adj., best translated

by a prep, with

its

case,

'

between

the breasts
20.

(see on
:

39).

dirdpov<re

'

sprang down from.'

21.

irepiP^vai

cf. au(f>(e|87j/ca$,
:

37.

22.
23.

ovSi -yap ov8

one

oi/St

strengthens the other, see on

that.'

703.

dXV
<is

IpvTo
:

instead of

t fi^i tpxrro.

24.

8^

'in order,
;

no doubt,
force

01: refers to Hephaistos,

'

and

is

ethical dative

its

may be

given by the words

in his sight.'

25.

frmrovs

i.e.
:

the chariot of Phegeus

and

Idaios.
battle-field.
is

26.

KaTcL-ytiv

for the shore

[

was lower than the

:

P "X e<TJ ] with kt&ucvov, 'lying dead.'

29.
opiv&i]
T
'
:

28.

Trap' 6xo"<f>i

ira

an idea of rest

naturally associated

was
:

stirred.'

31.

Apts, "Apts

the difference of accent shows that the penultimate

vowel

is

used with varying quantity.

is

So the word

<pl\os in the first foot

of the hexameter

sometimes used with long penult.

tdo-ainev

Cf.

381,

441

cf also
32.

14 and 21.
.
. . :

ovk dv
the

the interrogative potential opt.

subj. in v. 34.
is

is

used in
'

much
33.

same sense as the hortative

.
.

6inroTpoio-i

6pr)

the subjunctive

deliberative,

(to see)

upon which party Zeus

34.

shall

have bestowed renown.'

524)
is

Zeus's purpose {cf

to turn the tide of battle in favor of

the Trojans after the gods have quit the

field. Athena here assumes that such an order has been given to the gods, though this has not been stated. fjidevTi: a word of wholly doubtful meaning. 36. The natural signifi'

cation,

with lofty banks,'

is

not in

harmony with
plain.

the present configura:

tion of the river

and the Trojan

'

Autenrieth translates

'

with

changing banks' (from frequent overflow), while La Roche abandons all connection with tjiW, shore,' and would translate, ' swift-flowing,' connecting the word with with dpi.
39.
40.

"OSiov
irptiTa)

cf

S56.
:

(pred. adj. with (rrpt<t>Q4vri)

:

to turn.'

\iera^p4v<f

41.
43.

<rrf|9nj>i

for in him as he was the governed by iv, which here follows its case. [o-t^Owv] Sketch of Dialect, 9, 1.
'
:

first

Mtjovos

adj.

= AvSlov, see on B 864.

266
44. 46.

NOTES.
Tdpvrjs
:

'

Tame

'

is

supposed
:

to be

an older name of Sardis.

Xirmov em|3'na-<$(vov
flight.

'

about to mount his chariot,' that he might

take to
47.
50.

Cf.

with last hemistich

:

460, also vv. 310, 659 infra.

'with piercing point,' deriv. adj. formed from the stem of o|us by affixing the termination -oevr, nom. -oeis. The regular suffix is
ojjvdevTi

-em, nom.
52. 54.
darts.'

-eis,

G. 129,
: '

15,
all

H.

470,

5.

frypia irdvTa

kinds of game.'

oiip<ri

local dat.
'

eKTjBoXlcu

abstract

noun formed from

from
'
:

ixrifioKos,

skill in

sending
occa-

The

plural

may
:

suggest that this skill was

Ka.lvvu.ai (cf.

shown on various

sions.

KKa<rro
irpoo-Oev

plupf.

530,

339).

56.
58. 59.

'iOtv

4>ev-yovTa

fleeing before him.'

Cf

for the latter hemistich,

'

504, also infra, v. 294.

'

T'ktovos

ApjioviSew

t4ktwv,

Builder,'
'

is

here a proper name,

and

'Ap/xoviSr)s is

a patronymic from "Ap/xwv,

Fitter.'

Thus we have an
skill.'
<pt\-

indication of the descent from father to son of skill in a craft.

60.
61.

8s: refers to *epKAo'.

4>XaTo
:

Scu'SaXa: 'works of
aor.

infrequent cf
:

midd. formed from the stem

and

referred to
62. 64.

<pi\4a>,

v. 117.

TKTT|va,To
ot t*

notice the play

[eauT<]
:

upon the root

of tcktuv.
:

avTw

i.e.

Pherekles.

0ev k 0ecr<{>aTa

'decrees

of

(lit.

proceeding from) the gods.'

8id irpo
vrcr
:

66.

'right through,' often written as one

: '

word

[cf.

305).

67.

6<ttov

bone referred to
pelvis.

is

along under the bone,' cf virb y\ucrcrav, v. 74. The that which forms the front side of the cavity of the

Here, as in

524, the poet

shows ignorance of what wounds

would be immediately
69.
?ir(j>ve
:

fatal.

cf.

397.

70.

OcavcG

the wife of Antenor and priestess of Athena, mentioned

again in Z 298.
71.
irdo-t'L

orig. initial

w an instance of the lengthening of a F in follg. word, comparable to the freq.

:

final

vowel before an

lengthening before a

liquid.
Me'-y^y (cf. B 628). and the bronze, passing straight through along (between the rows of) the teeth, cut the tongue on the under side' (vw6). 75. y\rv\p6v cold,' said with a certain grim sarcasm in contrast to the warm flesh which it pierced. So we speak of cold steel.' 77. 2Kap.dv8pou the river Scamander was honored as a god by sacrifices of bulls and horses, and Dolopion was priest of the Scamander.

72.
74.

#v\8tis

i-e.
'

Translate

'

'

78.
80.
is

8t|(ho

local dat.,

'

among
:

the people.'
4\avven>

p.Ta8po|id8T]v gX-acre
in
: '

'

smote him as he ran after him.'

conflict.

used of blows given

81.
&.irb

hand-to-hand

^o- \cipa

lopped

off his arm.'

ILIAD
83.
84.

V.

267

rbv KOT&aBt

6<r<rt

lit.

'

seized his eyes,' apposition of part and

:

whole, as in

A
is

150

iroptpvpeos [/utAas]

cf.

v 47.
;

This

a verse which marks a transition

cf for the meaning of

irovtovTO,

318,

409.
is

85.

This case of prolepsis

&p. TTtSCov
:

very similar to that in

plain.'

409.

87. 88.

'

up through the

x tl )"W
KpKta

<
S

appositive of iroTany.

-yc4>vpas:

'dikes,'

'cause-

ways.'
90.
91.

dXwdwv
:

epi9T|\lc<>v

'

walls of the blooming gardens.'

iroTUfi6v.
:

4X0o'vTa

agrees with r6v referring to

:

gnomic aor viir avrov under and because of it,' the prep, combines local and causal meaning. Vergil imitates 'ipya, aljftwv, the work of sturdy farmers,' in his expression, bourn /adores, Aen. II, 306. 93. viro TvSclSfl seems to equal gen. with vir6, the prose construction. Perhaps it may be regarded as an abbreviated expression for inrb Xepo-1 TvSetSov (cf. B 860). 95. AvkAovos mos Pandaros, cf. B 826, A 88.
92.
Ka-Hjpiirt (like tWSaa-o-e, v. 88)
' '
:
:

97.
for
pi.,

4irl

TvStCSfl

'
:

at Tydeides,' dat. with

iicl

of hostile intent
106.

t6|o,

see on

45

rv^dtv
'
:

cf.

rux^jcaj,

100.

dvriKpv 8i 8'<rx6

held on through,' >. passed through his

shoulder so as to protrude behind.

101.

tu: governed by the compound verb rl

&vae

'shouted (in

triumph) over him' (cf. v. 119). 102. K^VTopcs fcirirwv: cf. A 391.
104.
d.v<rx^(r(r8<u
:

fut. inf. is

used naturally after

<pt)fjil

in sense of

'hope.'

105.
106.

Apollo

is

frequently called &va,

cf.

A
:

36, 390, 444.

Join i>Kv with fie\os

8d|iacr<rev

translate by pi upf.

107. 108.
fights

Diomedes, as

is

generally the case with the Horn, heroes,

on

foot,

but his esquire holds the chariot at hand in case of need.

:

KairavT|iov
ing
-10

notice the formation of the adj. by affixing the adj. end-

to the

lengthened form of the stem of Katravtvs (Kairavr) length-

ened from Kairavelu). See on A 1. 112. Connect Sidfiircpes as adv. with the verb and out of (the shoulder).'
115.
It is interesting to

Oitpvcre

'

drew through

compare the prayers in the Horn, poems. be compared, in length and in manner, with A 37-42, 451-456. Here the aid of the goddess is implored not on account of the services the hero has rendered her, but on the ground of her affection for him, shown by her former favors.
This prayer
(vv. 11 5-120)

may

116.

irap<rn)s
<JuXai
' :

'

didst stand by.'

love,' see

117.
118.

show thy

on

v. 61.

Notice the change of subj. from i\(7v to i\6t7v. Cf. for the Sartpov

trp6r(pov,

251.

268
122.
yviti: 'joints,'
'

NOTES.
limbs,' the regular Horn,

word

for

members

of

the body corresponding to the prose word /ueAos

124.
21).

(pi. fie\r)).

6apo-v

ptc. is

nom. because the

inf. is

used as imv. (see on

126.

<raKrrraXos
:

cf.

in formation with iyx^iraKoi,

131.

dx^vv the mist did not hide Diomede from view, though it prevented him from distinguishing gods and men on the battle-field. Cf. with axKuv e\ov, Vergil's nubetn eripiam, Aen. II, 604-606 'face to face.' The final v of this word is 130. dvTiKpw [ivavrtou] everywhere long except here and in v. 819.
127.
:

132.

ovrdfiev [ovTap].
d-ire'Pn
:

133.

v.

418 shows her on Mt. Olympus, whither, however, she

did not go directly, as

134.
'

v. 290 shows. But Tydeides went and entered once again among those who

fought in the fore-front of combat.' 136. An anacoluthon begins here which leaves
yet the sense
is

ix^naits

standing alone,

simple
:

[cf.

B
'

353, Z 511).

nas g ra z e d.' i.e. slightly wounded. xP a^~n gnomic aor., he rouses the lion's strength and then he does not come to the rescue (of the sheep).' and they, forsaken, flee.' 140. Td 8' pf|(ia <J>oPiTai
138.
139.
'

fipo-ev

'

is fern., though the ntr. was used in the previous verse d-yx i0 Tlvai *"' dXXrjX'jio-i Kt\wTat are tumbled (lit. poured ') thickly upon each other (in death).' 142. PaOe'ns [fradeias] see Sketch of Dialect, 13, 3.

141.

al

|av

refers again to the sheep, but

"

(ra)

'

'

146.

kXt]i8o,

in partitive apposition
:

with rhv
'shut

8'

erepov.

147.

iipyade(v) (from tpyu, ttpyw)

off,'

hence 'cut

off.'

The

form is an intensive ipf. ; it has the syllabic augment, and 6 is added to the stem by an intermediate vowel a. G. 119, 11, H. 411 D. not for them as they went to the fray 150. rots ovk tpxopivots, kt\. did the old man interpret dreams,' i.e. he was wise for all others, only not for his own sons. Another translation is for them no more to return,'
:

'

'

etc.

153.

rnXvyfr-co

'

of tender years,'

is

the most probable signif. of this

is

word, as to the derivation of which there

154.
157.
iir\ KTaT(r<ri
: '

great uncertainty.

in

charge of his possessions.'

:

%d>ovT( voo-nr|(ravT

'

having returned
; '

alive.'

159.

Xdp

'

took captive
tovTas

quite different in

meaning from Xe

(v.

144), 'slew.'

160.
eer.

civ cvl 8uppu>

i.e.

one as combatant, the other as chariot-

161.

Join
pTjo-*

cv

Oopwv,
: '

4^

&() (iyvvfii).
i.e.

162.

irdpTios

^|

Poos

of heifer or cow,'

of

young or

old.
reluc-

164.
tant.'

Kaiccis

dKovTas: 'roughly

made dismount, though

ILIAD
166.

V.

269

dXaird^ovTO
avrfov T)v8o

'

destroying,'

cf.

367.

168, 169

= A 88, 89.
:

170. 172.

kXws
fcpes:

here
:

173.
174.
175. 176.

AvKffj

governs two accusatives, like irpo<rr)vSa or vpooititre. means 'fame won by skill with the bow. Pandaros came from Lykia in the Troad (cf. v. 105).
: '

cf

A
: '

51.

So-tis 88t

whoever

it is
:

who
;

prevails here

'

(cf.

167, 192).
:

iroXXwv re Kal co-OXwv

for slaughter of an
' :

see on

B 213

yovvaT

'i\wrtv

frequent

opponent see also on A 314. wroth because of (some defect in) sacrifices ' (see 178. lp<3v |AT)v<ras on A 65). The clause introduced by 8e contains a reason for thinking that it may be a god who is fighting under the guise of Diomedes.

synonym

181.

tto-Kw: see eunr8i

:
'

182.

on r by his

197.
shield,' for the shields of

on

their field various devices, the prototypes of

Homeric warriors bore modern coats-of-arms.

is

avXwiriSi Tpv4>aXtCn

the

first

of these

words

probably connected

with av\6s, 'tube,' and means 'perforated' to receive the horsehair plume. rpv<pa\ti-n seems to be derived from rpvu 'to pierce,' and to

have had a similar meaning with auAams, except that it while auAwirtj is adjective. Translate the two words
helmet.'
184.
wto's
:

is
'

a substantive,

by his plumed
I

translate as predicate

'

if

this

man whom

mean

is

the

son,' etc.

185.
187.

T<*8e

cognate ace. {cf r 399).

:

tovtov

gen. of separation, for frpairev &K\ri differs

little

from

i.irfTpav(v.

189.

0wpr)KOS -yvaXoio
4>a'|iT]v
:

cf. v.

99.

190. 191.

midd. used
'

in

same sense

as the act. {cf

B
'

37).

vv

'

doubtless

(cf.
:

164).

192.
horses.'

V-mroi Kal

appaTa
:

we

reverse the order and say

chariots

and

194.
used.'

"7rpTO'Tro7is
:

lit.
'

'

put together for the

first

time,'

i.e.

'

yet un-

195.
196.

newly made.' vot>xs triwravrai (ircTawu/xi) are spread out (over them).'
: '

Cf.

B 776
:

oXvpas
'

from nom.
'

sing. #Aupa,

spelt,' the

najne

of a species of grain not unlike barley.

198. 200.

epxop.va>

Cf.

the foot of

I went to the war {cf v. 150). Lykaon came from Zelea, a city in the Troad Mt. Ida (B 824-827). Hence his subjects are Tpwis.

as

345.

lying at

202.
see

<j>ti8o (xtvos,

kt\.

'

as I wished to spare
3,

my

horses, lest I should

them

{ftoi

ethical dat. G. 184,

: '

203.
205.

i\o|Wv(i>v

if

H. 199) want fodder.' the men were crowded together,' as would be the
n. 6,

case in a siege.
t

(xeXXov

pi.

where the

sing,

would be regular

in

prose {cf

36).

270
208. dTpK: them the more.'
209.
'certainly.'

NOTES.
%ipo

&

(toXXov

'but I (only) roused hurt

KaKi] afcrt]

lit.

'

with an evil

fate,'

i.e.

'

to

my own

'

(see

on

418).

211.

<^pv xapiv
v<xmfj<r<o

compare with x*pi&n*vos and with

r)pa

<p4puv (cf

572, 578).

212. 215. 216.

fut. indie, as is

4v irvpi

dat. of rest after

:

dvtuwXia

shown by 4<r6\j/op.ai. a verb implying motion (cf B 340). in pred. apposition with pron. referring to t<J|c, the
dXXws
cf.
:

subj. of omjoc?.

218.

irdpos ovk lo-o-erai

'

the past will not be changed,'

i.e.

will

not be mended.
222.
223.
irsSfoio
:

local gen.,
' :

14,

but see also on

v. 6.

?v8a Kal 2v8o

8ici>n4fj.ei/

forwards and backwards,' in the two directions

'

indicated by

ride (pt&taBat [<pevyeiv],

:

224.
the
city,'

t<>

Kal vwi iroXivSc o-awo-erov

they shall also bring us safely into

an additional reason for taking the horses.

tirl
.

225.
228.

opegrj

in the sense of the simple verb opej7.

St'Sc^o
:

Cf

v. 33.

TovBe

Aio/uLr)Sea.

pf.

imv. midd.

'

take upon thyself,'

'sustain the assault

of.'
; '

232.

ol'<rTov

'

will bear

for the chariot

was drawn by a yoke, and a

considerable weight rested upon the necks of the horses.

233.
p.r\

(iciTTJa-eTov [fj.aTr)<rriToj/]

'that they

may

not linger,'

may be
146,

regarded as a
235.
369)vu>i
:

final clause

obj.

dependent upon ex* (v. 230). of /cre/yp !iratas used without

:

obj. (cf

240.

^|ifituac*T'(e)
eirl <rol
:

'furiously.'

244.

'

against thee,' dat. with prep, where the simple dat. with

fidxr6at might have been used.

For accent of

trot,

G.

28, N.

1,

H.

232.

245.
248.

6 \Uv
vto's
:

sc.

earl.

the pred.

nom. follows as naturally

'

after

iKyryafitv as

after clvai in the preceding verse.

249.

poi
|irj

ethical dat.

beseech you.'
' :

252.
<re

ti 4>o'(3ov8' d-yo'pevt
:

do not counsel

me

at all to flight.'
cf.

ireio-e'p.tv

for midd. voice of verb in similar phrase,

289, 427.

Here ai
253.
255. 256.

is

subj. of nfiffefifv [irelaetv].

:

aXvo-Kdtovri p.dx<r9ai
'

nt

a\v(TKa(eiv,

to flee while fighting,'

:

<to fi S ht while fleeing;' /uaxo/xtVy might seem more natural.

-

Kal aifrcos

'even as
:

am.'

dvrfov etpx

avrios dpi

257.
of the

tovtw: 'both of

these,' dual,

would be more usual (cf A 535, Z 54). though the pi. has just been used

same persons
<ri>

in v. 256.

261. 262.

&:

'then do thou,' 8e in apodosis.

:

tpvKaK&iv

2 aor. infin.

with peculiar redupl. at end of stem (see

ILIAD
Sketch of Dialect,
15, 2)
i%

V.

271
the &vrv was the rail which

4vTvyos

ran around the upper edge of the body of the chariot, serving as a support for the driver, and as a place of attachment for the reins.

See

Horn. Diet, cut No.

263.
265. the
irai|ai
ttjs
y V
:

10.

followed by the gen. as a verb of aiming.

t'tal

"is: pred. gen. after

in

understood
'

^s: part. gen. in

same way we should say

'

English 'of which

or 'from which Zeus

gave

(cf. rrjs yeverjs, v.

eagle, carried off

268). The myth was that Zeus, in the form of an Ganymede from his father Tros, king of Troy, to whom

he afterwards gave these immortal horses as a compensation.

267.
269.
wir'
fj<rt

t ^tXiov ts
[0?}Aejas]
:

i.e.

'

under the
used as

light of

day

0TjXcas

adj.

is

if

of only

(see on A 88). two terminations.

'

See Sketch of Dialect, 13, 2, and cf. B 767. 270. y*^^ 1! added as pred. nom. though not necessary for complete
:

sense.

It
.

repeats the idea contained in iyivovro.

'
:

27 1

272.
273.

avros 2x wv arfTaXXc ji^o-Twpc 4>6Boio cf

:

he kept for his

328.
Hpyvfiai (see

own
on

use and fed.'

dpoi[i9a
to

2 aor. opt.

from

159).

275.
276.

&
:

Diomedes and Sthenelos.

tov

Diomedes.
with r 356
the latter part, with

280
281.
133-

=r

355.
;

Cf. the first part of the verse

283
284.

= ioi.
Kfvewva
:

'

belly,' literally that part of the

body which

is

destitute

of (KevSs) encompassing bones like those which form the frame-work of the chest
;

for case, see

'
:

on A

519.

286. 289.

ou TopBr|<ras

undaunted.'

Ares is indicated by the is one of very freq. occurrence in Homer {cf. B 415, Z 331). A dat. of means might be substituted The gen. is a for the gen., but would not give precisely the same sense. gen. of material, and has associated with it a partitive idea (see on v. 6).
atjiaros &<rai "Apija: the ferocity of

strongest possible expression.

The

gen. a'^aros

291.
position
'

pivo

poetical ace. designating the goal reached

t-n-4'pn.o-e

in prose a pre:

would be required [cf A 322) the arrow forced its way through.'
292,

(irepdw)

sc.

rb jSeAos,

tov

8'

airb y\u><r<ra.v irpufiv^v tAjic

'

cut off his tongue at

its

root.'

The spear

entering near the eye, and passing out below the chin,

must have described such a curve as to descend almost perpendicularly. Various explanations suggest themselves the goddess directed its course ; Diomedes stood on higher ground. v. 58. 294 started to one side,' shied.' 295. iraptTpctro-av on the spot.' 296. ov0t [aM8i]
:

'

'

'

272
297. 298.
diropovcrt
ot
:
:

NOTES.
sc.

oxfuv.

i.e.

'

in spite of him,' dat. of disadvantage.

The pronoun refers

'

to the subject of the principal verb.

299.

d|x4>l 8' dp' avT(j>

(Pandaros's body).
a\icfi-

patve
:

'

dXici

heteroclite

and then he was walking about him dat.; the nom. sing, in use is

300.

ot

join with ecrx*.

If

it

depended Upon
(ol)

irp6a6e

it

would be

in

gen. 301.
303.

Translate: 'held for his protection

before (him).'

tov

i.e.

tou vatpov.
:

\Uya

fyryov

'

a mighty mass.'

'p lv <p

potential

optative,

though without &v

304.
p.iv
:

(see

on

137).
all

may
:

stand for

genders, cf

237

pea [p~qBlws] irdX-

Xe: 'was swinging (preparatory to the cast) easily.' 305.

AlveCoo
01
:

see on r 356 for construction.

307.
for

dat. of

disadvantage

translate the verse literally

'

shattered

him the hip-pan, and broke besides

were 8' airo
:

the two tendons (which held the

thigh-bone in place).'
308.
see on

A
;

505.

309.
310.

i<m\

'

remained

erect.'

^atns

gen. of place

translate

'

sustained himself

(lit.

propped
of

himself up) upon the ground.'

The
of

dat. 70/7? is the ordinary construction

(not,

with

ipc(8a>

vv|

'

night

'

unconsciousness

as

usually,

death).

311.
sion
is

KV diroXoiTo

more regular would be

airci\ero &v, as the conclu-

contrary to fact.

312
313. 315.

r 374.
'A-yxfo-rj
: :

iiir

'by Anchises

'

(cf.

714).
01

Kd\in|/cv

followed by dat. of the person

and an

ace. of the

thing rrvyfia.
316.
KpKOS
PeXe'cov
:

318.
320.
is,

vTr<|>pv

rduv

cf. fpKos iro\4fioio, A 284 and epKos ai(6vTa>i>, A 137. was trying to carry forth,' conative ipf. the article here and in v. 332 is placed after its noun. It
:

'

of course, a demonstrative pronoun.

321-323.
326.

Cf. 262-264.
:

o(it]\ikit]s

see on r 175
his

ol <j>po-\v

&pna

fjSn

'knew

in

his heart things suited (agreeable) to him,'

'was like-minded with him.'

328. 329.

wv

Kirirwv
:

'

own

chariot.'
'

[itOcirc

takes two accusatives,

guided his solid-hoofed horses

'

after Tydeides.'

331.

& r

quod, see on

244

dvaXxis

without power of

self-

defence (&Ak^).'
332.

dvSpwv

limits ir6\(/xov, cf.

:

fidxv avSpuv, T 241.

host.'
v.

334.
336.

ttoXvv Kifl' opiXov

'through the numerous

at the

dxpnv x 'P a

'

the

hand

end

; '

more exactly denned,

339.

'

ILIAD
337.

V.
'

273
a feeble thing.'

dpXiyxp^v

epithet of x"P,

'

a feeble part,'

the gen. instead of the ace. indicates that the spear entered only a certain distance into the flesh.

Xpoos

339.

irpu|iv&v
i.e.

virip

Gtvapos
(cf. v.

'above the base of the palm' (of the

hand),
340.
341.

near the wrist

:

458).

pt'ti

'

flows,'

'

courses.'
:

ov -yap a-iTov ?8ov<r*

KoXe'ovrcu
fifrd

this verse gives the

reason

why

x<fy differs

from the blood of mortals.

342.
344.
:

nearly equal to

eitrl,

see

\tpTlv

346
347.
348.
351.
(lit.

= iv x*P&'
:

on B 260.

lv -

317.

Cf. v. 101.
(Ik( iroXejiov
cf.

509,
:

Kal

t x'

cT^pwBi inJ0nai
side).

r 406. even
'

if

you hear of

it

from another

on the other
rf\v
:

353.
354.

obj. of fayt.
:

p.\avTo

refers to the

change from loss of flush or bloom,

rather than from blood-stain.

pd^ns 'on the left (west side) of the baton the banks of the Scamander. 356. i\ipi ^k^kXito lit. rested in mist,' i.e. were shrouded in mist.' It is by zeugma that %-yxos and Ixiroi are connected as subjects of intxKiTo, '/ r 327355.
dpio-Ttpd (ntr. pi.)
:

eV

tle-field.'

Ares was

sitting (v. 36)

' :

357.

kcutiyv^tou)
KO|u<rai
. .
:

join with Virnovs.

<r/I

359.

'take under thy protection,'

clause
is

594.

tc

8^:

cum

turn.

The second
:

specially emphasized.

361.
364.
365.

8 \u: cognate and object accusatives after oUracrev.

dxaxtp-cvT]

varied metri gratia for d/cox^M**^/see on r 262.

: '

irdp 8c ot
p.do-Tiv

366.
inf.

cXdav

lashed them to drive them forward.'

result.

i\iav

is

of

mixed purpose and

irapd
.
.

G. 265 and

N.,

H.

765.

369.

BdXev:
' :

sc. ai/rots.
:

Aitivn fern, substantive formed from Dione seems at first to have had the same attributes, perhaps to have been identical, with Hera. Cf. the Lat. name Juno (= Jov-ino) from the stem of Jupiter (Jov-is). 371. vya-ripd fjv for another example of the poss. pron. following

370.

tv Yovvao-i

in the lap.'

the stem A- of

Ze5s.

its

noun with power

373.
Oipavii&vttv

to lengthen preceding vowel,

:

cf. v.

71.

'

of the celestial beings

; '

it

does not occur to Dio-

ne as possible that a mortal should have

374.
fv-wirij
:

inflicted the

wound.
'

'

openly,'

lit.

'

in (every one's) sight

(cf.

iv o<p6aXnoi<ri,

587)-

375.

<J>iAoppti8^s

habitual epithet, not specially appropriate to

Aph-

rodite in her present condition.

274
376.

NOTES.
otra
:

the accent

is

irregular for a contracted ipf

;
.

hence proba-

bly to be considered a 2 aor.

379.

Translate: 'for

'tis

no longer a dire combat of Trojans and

Achaians.'
382.
KTjSoiiivn. irp
:

ptc.

conforms to the natural, not the grammatical

gender of t4kvov, cf A 586. 384. ( dvSpwv: in consequence of men.'

'

To

comfort Aphrodite,

Dione adduces various examples of the suffering and humiliation which various deities had endured at the hands of mortals. Ares, Hera, Hades have thus suffered. 385. Otos and Ephialtes, indignant at Ares for the murder of Aloeus, their reputed father (they were really sons of Poseidon), confined the war-god in a great jar (perhaps to be conceived as of earthen-ware bound with hoops of bronze, x a^ K ^V *" Ktpa-w) and kept him prisoner for thirteen months. The story is supposed to symbolize the conflict between war and agriculture. The god of war was held captive for more
than a year, the time necessary for a cycle of the earth's crops to reach
perfection.

389. The mother was Iphimedeia.

of the giants,

we

learn from the Odyssey (\ 305),

392. The hostility of Hera to Herakles was the occasion of the bondage of the hero to Eurystheus and of all his labors. 394. KaC: should not be joined to /nv, which in that case would have the accent as emphatic, but rather to the rest of the sentence, avi\KtaTov
\dfiev &\yos-

395. 396.

cv Toio-i

i.e.

among
:

the other gods

who
i.e.

suffered.

wvtos

[i

avrSs]

'

that very one,'

Heracles.

Does

6 avr6s

mean

'

the same,' in

Homer ?
is

397.

evll\i\a>: Uv\cp
is
'

probably equal to
Hades,'
:

irv\T)

(sc.

'AiSao),

meaning

in the gate of

i.e.

'

in the

lower world.'
i.e.

and the PaXuv is

'

to be joined with eV

veitve<r<rt

'

casting

him among the dead,'

leaving

him

for

401.
(pa/xai

dead on the 68w^4>aTa

fut.

field.'
:

lit.

'

pain-killing.'

and
320.

n^^aofi.ai.
:

In the present

The stem <pa- appears in we find the stem <pev-.

Ijv, cf. v.

pf

ire-

402.
84,

Ttvkto

scarcely differs from iytvero or

78,

cf.

also

403.

<txt\ios, 6Ppi(iopv<5s

nom.

in exclam.
:

(cf.
'

231).

Both

adjs.

refer to Herakles.

8s ovk 806t' etfo-vXa pc'^wv

who makes nothing

it, it

of

doing high-handed acts' (cf. A 181). Were 405. cm join with apfJKe.
:

<roi

governed directly by
litotes.

would

be accented &n by anastrophe. 407. p-dX' ov Snvaios 'by no means long-lived,' 408. Cf. for the sentiment, Z 130 and 140.
:

411.

ppa#<r9

'let

him take

heed.'

ILIAD
412.
413.
'

V.

275

Aigialeia, the daughter of Adrastos

sister of
'.

was the younger

oiKfjas [oltteras]

and the wife of Diomede, Diomede's mother, Deipyle. house servants (cf. Z 366) yo6o><ra lytlpj\
'
'
:

wake by her
416.

laments.'

So Penelope,

in the

Odyssey, laments the absent

Odysseus.
d|i<j>0T^pT)(ri
:

'with both hands.'

l\u

a heteroclite accusa-

tive instead of ixupa-

Kal"HpT]: Athene left the battle-field after giving Diomedes at v. 133. 419. ^8iov Zeus had taunted these two goddesses (A 7) with the energy of Aphrodite these taunts they now return upon Aphrodite.
418.
'A0T)va(-r] re

directions to

422.

dvitwra o-7rH)ai
with.'

'while inciting to follow.'

'

<|>i\i]a-e:

'has

been smitten
424.

and

really

429.

'Ax<uux8v tuWirXwv merely a repetition of KxcudSmv (v. 422), adds nothing to twv, which would be amply sufficient alone. Translate: 'but do you rather practise (lit. pursue) the loving
:
'

work
431

of marriage.'

274.

432.
433.
ing)

ropou<T: 'charged

upon' [cf T 379,

472).

Translate

'although knowing that Apollo himself held (protect-

hands over him (o<).' was desiring,' was striving.' Though respecting the letter 1'to of Athena's command not to engage with gods in combat, yet he might at any moment provoke Apollo to personal conflict. 437. *<rrv<|>Xi| 'dashed back' (cf. A 581).
434.
:

'

'

440.
441.
442.

4>pdeo

as in v. 411
6|ioiov
:

I<J"(a) <f>poviv
'

cf.

laov

<t>d<r6at,

187.

ov

'

a far different thing

(see
is

on

278).

x a F^
tvt66v

contempt
443.
445.

in contrast
:

PXrl* vwv the description of with immortal gods.'

'

men

not without a tone of

Diomedes shows
:

his intrepidity
cf.

by retiring only a

little.

dirdTepOev

'

apart from,'
:

587.

446.

nep-ydjiu e!v
{cf.

not Athena alone, but also Apollo, had a temple

in the citadel

447.

t<Sv

= Alvtiav
:

508).

At]tw t KaV "ApTcp-is

illustrious,'

the mother

and

sister

of Apollo are naturally found in his temple.

448.

Kv8aivov

'

were making

i.e.

were heightening his

beauty and strength.

452.

Translate

'were hewing to pieces the ox-hide shields about

this verse is explana-

each other's breasts.'

45J3.

do-irCSas sukvkXovs Xawrfjid T irrtp6fvra

\aiff-riia.

tory of Bodas.

(\d(rios,

'shaggy')

is

applied to a small shield

covered with hairy ox-hide.

rieth to refer to a kind of

irTfp6evra, 'fluttering,' is thought by Autenapron hanging from the shield (see Horn. Diet,
in the

cut No. 79).

feather.'

Others take irrtp6(VTa

sense of 'light,'

lit.

'light as

; :

276
454.

NOTES.
Apollo
31.
is so closely pressed by Diomede that he recalls Ares to whence he had been withdrawn by Athena, vv. 29-35.

the battle-field,

455

456.

ovk &v
crxtSov

8^1
:

epvo-aio

for use of
to

mood, see on r
ovXos [oAods]

52.
:

458.
461.

'in

hand

hand

conflict.'

X^p' [x "P a ]
:

c f-

316.

Tpuas
'

ace. pi. fern, of adj

:

cf.

6.

462.

AKajiavTt

this hero, the bravest of the Thracians, is slain

in

Ajax, Z

7.

Ares conforms to the usual practice of the gods

by assuming

the form of

Akamas
:

on the appearance
465.
see on

of

when they enter the battle-field, they usually take some mortal or are veiled in mist.
agent to be joined with KrelveirBai
of tcreivu
(cf.

'Axaiois

dat. of

r 301)

A 410 for another example

is

used

in pass, sense.

In prose

the pass, of (airo)Kreivw

regularly

(airo)6rfi<ritv.

467.

KeiTai

'

lies prostrate.'
:

469.
471.

o-a.uxrop.tv

aor. subj.

\iaXa: 'sharply.'
<j>fjs

473.

[e<pvs\

cfR

37.

In

e^tfitv

and

extarxes (v. 472) there

lit.
'

may
(cf.

be a play upon the signification of the name Hector,

403)-

Keeper

'

475.
477.
479.

twv

i.e.

yap f}pav Kafftyv^ruv

:

re.

?VifWV

[lfj'a>iei']
:

i.e.

it>

tt) ir6\tt ffffitv.

TtjXov

sc. i<rr(,

and

for adv. instead of adj. in predicate, see

on

416.

481.
483.
yet.'

KO.8

i.e.
: '

Kar4\iirov

8s

k*
i.e.

frriStv^s

sc.

?j

(cf.

547).

dvSpC

with

my

man,'

in

single

combat

&Tap

'

and

484.

With

<t>ipoitv

and Hyotev a

dat. of

disadvantage

'as the Achaians could carry and drive

away from you.'

may be supplied The distinction

between
485.

<ptpeiv

and

&ytiv, that the

former applies to things without, the

ov8'
'

latter to things with, life, scarcely

needs to be mentioned.
:

i-o-rnKas
<!Spe<r<ri
\ii\
.
. :

'art standing idly here.'

not even.'

486.
487.

for odpecrcri [yvvat^l].

"yVTjr0
:

'

see to

it

that ye do not

become

'

(cf.

26,

195
to

dXdvre

the dual

number
of v.

is

explained by the pointed reference

: '

Hector and the &\\ot \aol

490.
to.8*

486

both of you caught.'

irdira
:

the things outlined in vv. 487-489 (cf

the iwbeovpot were held by a slender

62).

491.
chiefs

Xi<ro-o|xvw

tie,

so that their

492.

must be treated with great deference. persist,' i.e. not to abandon the siege t\i\uv
:

'

tvi-mr|v

'
:

fault-

finding.'

494.
495.
(cf.

&Xto
18).

sc.
:

Sovpa

"E/croip (see on r 29). sometimes we find Sovpe, as the chief carried two spears

497.

&t\fy8'Fav

'

were

rallied.'

ILIAD
499.
500.

V.

2TJ
Demeter on

Upds
|av0TJ

'

sacred
'

'

to

Demeter.
ac-

yellow-haired,' appropriate epithet of

count of the golden color of most varieties of grain when ripe for harvest. separates, in the rush of the winds, the grain and 501. Translate
:

'

the chaff.'

502.
in these

ai 8' vTro\evKavovTai d\vpp.ia

the point of the comparison lies

*

words,

viz.

the whiteness of the heaps of chaff and of the dust-

covered warriors.
503. 504.
8i'

avTv

'

throughout their ranks.'

:

iroXvxaXicov

the vault of the heavens

irir\T|yov
:

is

thought of as con-

structed of bronze

redupl. 2 aor. from rKj\aa<t) governing

Bv (v. 503) as cognate accusative.

505.
1

iir\.\i.\.<ryo\Uvo>v

should probably be joined with

inrh 8'

%-kttuv in v.

504:

as they (the horses of the Trojans) mingled themselves again with

them

(the Achaians) in battle.'

torpccpov: this clause contains the

reason for
506.

iiriixicryo^vaiv.

01 Sk (ivos

x^wv

Wws

f>^pov

'

and they

(the

Trojan combatants
their

who

rode

in the chariots)

were bringing
'

to bear the

might of

hands

straight against them.'

507.

t**XTI

dat. after apfeicdKwpt

'
:

spread night around the combat.'

of him, Apollo

Tpwo-o-i dpT|-ywv

aiding the Trojans,' by isolating the combat.

508.

tov, ktA.

article

used demonstratively, translate

'

with the golden sword.'

512.
irfovos
:

'

rich.'
: '

514
517.

fuBt<rraTo

was taking
:

his place

among

'

(see

on

6).

oi y^P * a wdvos dXXos

C/.ior last hemistich,

'for other (and greater) toil did not per-

mit

it.'

518.

A
, '

440.

519.
520.
523.

tovs

8'

Aavaovs

but these, namely the Danaoi.'

Kal avrol

i.e.
'

'without urging.'
fcrrrjo-cv
:

v^vtii^s

in a time of calm.'
eifSjjo-j

is

gnomic

aor. as is

indicated by the subj.

verse.

in

dependent temporal clause

'

in the next

524.

drptpas

join with
cf.

%<rrri<rev,

fixes

immovably.'
scatter with their shrill

525.
526.

o-Kidorra:

157.
: '

irvoifl<nv Xiyvp'QO-i 8ia<rici8va<riv divrcs

blasts as they blow.'

527.
528.
530.

p.tvov ovS' &p4|3ovTo: cf. ^/u/Spores ou8'

tux,

v. 287.

Cf.

T 449

iroMd
:

cf.
'

35.

dXXVjXovs ai8eto-9
i.e.

lit.

other/

'demean yourselves bravely Kpartpds v<rp.{vas cf B 345.

:

have a sense of shame before one anKara in each other's sight.'

531.

ir&pavTai

pf.

= pres.

It is a

common

observation that death

often overtakes the coward and seems to spare the brave.

278
534.

NOTES.
Alveuo
:

a in masc. substantives of 1 vowel (see on A 47, 165). 538. 'ipvro held back,' syncopated ipf. for epvero cforaTO for meaning, see on r 61. Cf the nearly identical hemistich A 138.
the contraction of ao to
decl. takes place after a
' :

539.
adj.

veicupT]

-aipa is fern, termination

(cf.

o-x- aipa, v. 53),

: '

and the

has superlative force.

&a<ro-
' :

Construe with yacrrpi

as subject,

in the

lower part of

the belly.'

sc.

Agamemnon.

540
542.

42.

AlokXtjos

Diokles was son of Orsilochos, the son of the river-

god Alpheios.
543.

^tiph

In the Odyssey,

488, the

name

of the place

is

given as

town half way between Pylos and Sparta where Telemachos, on his way to the court of Menelaos, halted for the night. 544. &<j>vios Piotoio cf Lat. dives opum. flows broadly,' i.e. with broad bed. 545. tvpv pin 546. flvSpeo-c-i: cf. the datives in v. 511 and A 7.
plural, Pherai being the
:

'

548.

8i8u|idov [StSu/uw].
p.<xns 3 i8ot ird<rr|s
:

549.
553.
554.

cf B 823, E II.

dpvvpivw
oiw tw yt
:

Tip/rjv

cf.

159.

La Roche
474.

explains as by enallage for

t<&

t6 ye

o1u>,

and

sees in r<i ye, which simply anticipates

to that in

in v. 559,

a similar pleonasm

B 459 and
:

Translate

'

just as a pair of lion-cubs,' etc.

555.

Toptpeo-iv

'in a jungle.'
:

558.

dvSpuv

v iraX.d,}iT]o-i

'

under the hands of men.'

intent,'

562

= A 495.
to, <j>pov'(ov
.
. .

564.

'
:

with this

prepares the way for the

final

clause iVo

Sa/xttr].

566. 567.
opt.

iroip^vi
p.r\

Xawv: 'for
:

(in behalf of) the

shepherd of the peoples.'

diro(r4>TJ\i
:

ti irdGoi

euphemism

for ju^ airoOdyot.

fail
is

aor.

from airo<r<plL\\u>, lit. 'should cause to subj. is Menelaos, though what is meant
struction.

of result of their

toil.'

Menelaos's death.

The The ex-

pression illustrates the partiality of the Greeks for the personal con-

573.

vticpovs

i.e.

Krethon and Orsilochos

slain heroes.'

p.erd

Xadv

'

toward
as a

the host.'

574 Tu SfiXu the two euphemism for a.iroBap6vTe.

'
:

Sn\ci

may be regarded

579.

vvfje

'

pierced,' follows as the

sequence of rvxhcras

xaric KKrjTSa

'having smitten upon the collar-bone.'

582.

d-yKwva pAa-ov

ace. of the

part in apposition with

p.iv,

which

may

be supplied as

obj. of /3aAe.
:

583.

Xvk' eXe'(|>avTi

'

white with ivory,'

*.*.

the reins of leather were

adorned with plates of ivory (see on A 142). 584 K6po-T]v cf. A 502, and for ace. cf. hyKaiva,
:

v. 582.

ILIAD
587.
djidfloio: distinguish
6/j.aOos,

V.
plain,'

279
and
ipdfia0os,

'sand of the

'sand of the shore.'

588.

The dying hero had plunged head foremost

in this strange position

into the

and remained upright

until, in

deep sand, consequence of

Antilochos urging the horses forward, 'they dashed against him and cast

him down
592.
593.

in the dust.'
'
:

iroTvla.

august.'

xowra

Kv8ot(xJ>v

dvaiSca 8t)i6ttjtos
is,

'
:

having with her the ruthless

turmoil of combat.'

Enyo, that

carries with her as an attendant kvSoi-

nbv

Sjjiottjtos.

Hence
:

KvSoi/i6v, as personified,

might be written with a

adj. with subj. of

capital letter.

597.

dirdA.ap.vos

should be translated as pred.

Iwv iroXtos ircSioio
of.'
: '

or^p:

'stands irresolute.'

passing over a broad plain.'

in the

598. 599.
tpafu.

&rr*

'

on the bank

The
olov

real point of

comparison
'

is

reached
forsooth

gnomic

aor. avi-

601.
that the

8f|

0avp.douv
is

how much
aU\ irdpa

we wonder,' implying
is

wonder
kcivos
is,'

unreasonable, as Hector's courage

T<j5 5'

explained by the

adversative clause (v. 603)

(Ts

ye Otwv.
'

604.
his side

best translated by the adverb

there

'

'

and now there by

etc. (cf.

T
:

391).
'
:

605.
606.
atively.

irpbs

Tpwas

Terpap-pivoi
cf.

with faces toward the Trojans.'

fievatve'(xev

Y 459

for another

example

of an inf.

used imper-

Observe
civtwv
:

that, as usual in

607.

i.e.

such cases, an imv. precedes. 'Axativ, who have been implied in <pl\ot, v. 601.
:

609.

tlv tvl 8(<ppco t6vTt

see on v. 160.

610=561. 611 = A 496.

612.

IIai<rw

Xlat<r6s is

supposed

to

be the same place as 'AwaiaSs,

B828.
613.

poipa

for

similar
83, 629,

reference to fate,

whose decree not even

Zeus can
614.
618.

alter, cf.

w.

517.

tiriKovpTJc-ovTci |XTd: 'to

irl
.

come

as ally to join.'

?x. fuav

620.

621.
his

&rird<raTo ?YX 0S ttXXa: 'besides,'

:

'showered upon him.' drew forth his spear.'

'

lit.

'other (beautiful arms).'

own
fell.

spear; he was unable to despoil

Amphlos

of the

Ajax recovered armor in which

mean-

he

623.

djwj>iPa<riv
a.fi.(pif}f07iKei>

Kpartp^v
in

'the stout defence.'

Cf. the similar

ing of
624.

A
:

37.
'

*YX

'

625. 626

627 628

= 84. = B 653.

= A 534,

*X 0VTS

tn s P ears

m hand.'

535.

'

280
630
634.
<j>oTir

NOTES.

=r

15.
:

tv9dS'

join with trrdxraetv,

is

'

to be skulking here.'

ovti

the ptc. and pred. nom., as

usual in Greek, conform to the case

of rot expressed with avayKrj rather than to that of the ai,

tally

which

is

men-

supplied as subj. of irrwaaav.

\|/v86|ivo 4>ao-i
'
:

635.

falsely declare,' for the reason given in the

next verse.
638. dXX* olov, ktA. ' ah, what sort of a hero do they say was the mighty Herakles The gender of oUv riva is masc, the construction conforming to sense instead of to the grammatical gender of fritiv Hpa: !

'

'

640. Herakles was summoned by Laomedon to free his daughter Hesione from a sea-monster horses of the wondrous breed mentioned in v. 265 were to be his reward. Herakles performed the service, but Laomedon withheld the recompense: Thereupon the hero destroyed Ilios and slew Laomedon. 641. otns <rvv vnvcrl, kt\. with only six ships and fewer companions (than Sarpedon had brought with him).
: :

'

642.

\-f\poxrt

dyvids
:

'

made her
is

streets desolate.'

643.
645.

kclkos 0v|i.6s

'

thy heart

cowardly.'

Koprspos

refers especially to strength.

etrtffOai)

A man may be
(cf.

Kaprepos

without being a^KifiSs (&\Kap

646.
648.
vtt' i\Loi
:

or ayad6s

178).
(cf.

\>ir6

is

here used with dat. of the agent,

i.e.

T 301 ).

kcivos

'
:

that hero,'
:

Herakles.
is

649.

a<|>paS(T)<ri

Laomedon's falsehood
its

called folly, because he

cf.

was

foolish not to foresee

consequences
a.v4pos.

for use of pi.

205

d"yavow

AaOftt'oovros

appositive of
:

651.
airoSois.

oiS' dir8a>x/

in

prose

we should have been

likely to

have ovk

652.

cro

contrasted with Kt?vos, v. 648.

;

was wronged not such success shall be thine, for thee, and dark destruction shall be prepared from my hand.'
653.
|iirra

Herakles succeeded, for he I think, death

TeAtWflai,

Tevo-3eu

fut.

midd. with pass, signif

.,

cf.

B 36

8a-

agrees with
:

<r,

supplied as subj of

Sdxretv.

to

SJacmv joined by a kind of zeugma two objects of different meaning. 656. twv 'of them (both).'
654.
:

in a slightly different

sense

653.

&\YiW|

'
:

painful,'
:

'

grievous.'

659.

KaT

6<{>0a\.|i(ov

'settling

down upon

his eyes.'

661.
662.

pp\^Ktv [ifc8\4K(r)].
ira-r^p
:

Zeus, the distinction of being whose son was enjoyed by

all

Sarpedon alone of
that the protection
slain

the heroes of the Trojan war

to avail for a long time.

Iti

suggests
is finally

was not

Sarpedon

by Hector,

IT 502.

ILIAD
663.
Slot: 'illustrious.'

V.

28l

665.
666.

to: anticipates the

inf.

i^tpiaax

f!rc<|>pdo-aT'

ovS*

tv6r\a-t:

the coupling of two nearly

6<pp* <irtJJa(n
' :

synonymous expressions emphasizes an idea. that he might walk,' perh. with the support of
as gen. absol., or as gen. of the labor bellicus.

companions.
667.

oirmSovTwv
ris-

may be taken
irdvov
:
:

whole

depending on 06
670.

i.e.

tXtjiiovci 9vfi6v %\o>v

equivalent to the

common

epithet of Odys-

seus in the Odyssey, wokirrXas.

672.
irpoT6po>
(cf.
:

'farther,'

i.e.

entering more deeply into the lines of the

Trojans
673.

400).
:

t<Sv irXeovcuv

'of the larger number,' in contrast to the one,

Sarpedon.
680.
tcopvOaioXos
:

usual epithet of Hector

681
682.

= A 495.
oi irpoo-uSvTi
:

{cf.

S16,

83).

'

at his approach.'

686.

*p*XXov

see on

36.

689.

Cf A
:

511.
: '

690.

irapi'jigev

sprang

past,' not

heeding Sarpedon's prayer.

would be more natural than the final clause which &<rairo (d>0tw) [Siw^ett]. is substituted for it (cf. A 465 and A 133). 633. ^ivyw this word corresponds in root to \j)Jk,fagHtt Engl, beech, but is not the same tree ; it designates a species of oak with edible acorn. 694. acrt9vpa.lt; 'forced forth,' perh. 'wrenched forth,' strength being required to extract it. The meaning of the radical part of 0vpae
64>pa <3a-aiTo

the

inf.

(dupa,

'

door')

is

entirely lost in the adverb.

:

696. 698.

(knrt tyvyri
w-yp l
'
'

i.e.

'

he swooned.'

There seem to be two presents (wyptw, one meaning to 'capture' (w6s and ayptw); the other, to 'reanimate' ((wfi ko-kws KKa<pnoTa 9vp.6v: 'painfully panting out his life.' and iytipai) 'were driven headlong.' iirl vnwv: see on irl 700. irpoTp&rovTo [>oau:v, r 5revived.'
:

701.
702.
703.

dvT<j>povTo

cf.

5S9.

4irv0ovTo
irpw-rov
etc.

'

learned,'

from Diomedes
:

(cf. v.

604).

and Cora-rov

pred. adjs.,

'

who was

the

first

and the

last

whom,'
704.
or

x^ KOS:
'

mav ^ e taken

literally,
'

'

clad-in-bronze

'

(cf.

x^kox(tuv),

may mean
705.
706.
707.

with sinews of brass,'

join with Tpjjxov.
:

strong.'

^irl Si [tireiTa of\.

ALtwXiov

aioXopiTp^v
"YXfl
:

cf. follg.

708.
X<is
:

this place
for.'
:

passages r 185, A 137, 186, was mentioned B 500, but with 0.

:

489.

\Uya

hl Hl T"

'caring

much

709.

kckXiju'vos

lit.

'leaning upon,' 'adjacent.'

Kn.<J>io-oi

this

282
lake, here

NOTES.
named from
the Kephisos, which flows
into
it,

was

later

called Kopai's.

710.
711.

8f)|>v: 'district.'

tovs

i.e.

"E/crwp re Upid/j.oio
:

ird'is

Kal

x^-teos "Apijs,

v. 704.

712.

6\KovTas

act.

voice of the

same verb which was used

in

midd.

10.

715.
716.

&\iov: pred.
K7Tpo-avT(a)

adj.,
:

'vain

is

the promise which

113, 288.

we

gave.'

ace. as in

718
719.

= A 418.
With
fills
:

this verse begins the eto/xaxla,

or

'

Battle of the Gods,'

which

the remainder of the book.

-

720. xP v<r <*F,rvKa s c f- vv 35 8 363 up and began to put to.'

citoixojUvii ivrvev

'

stepped

722.

ap.<j>'

6xo"<>"i

fined by &ovi ap.cpis: 'at either

'on both sides of the chariot,' more closely deend of the axle,' v. 723.

724.

xpvcrcTj

pred. adj.
:

For

trvs

and

&4>8itos, see
it

486, B 46.

725.
726.

irpoo-apnpoTa

'

closely riveted to

(the felly).'

Translate: 'and the hubs revolving at either end (of the axle)
irepi'5poyuot

are of silver;' or

may mean

'

round.'

body (8l<ppos) 'is made fast' (eWe'raTou) to the axle by straps ornamented by plates of gold and silver Soial dv-rvyes it two dtrvyts, one on the lower, the other on the is doubtful whether
728.
chariot
: ' '

The

upper, edge of the chariot box, are referred

'two-fold,'

729.
730.

to, or whether tiotal means and describes an &vtv of unusual breadth and size. tov governed by e|, 'from it (S(<ppos) there extended (ir4\tv).' S^o-t sc. "H07J lv 8t, kt\. and upon it (the yoke) she laid
:
:

'

the breast-collar.'

731.

virb 8i

tyybv Viyaye

'

'

brought under the yoke,' language to be

taken
ing, in
v.

literally, for

the yoke rested

otfSei
:

upon the withers

of the horses.'
i.e.

734.

iraTpbs in'

'

on the

floor of her father,'

in Zeus's dwell-

which Athena armed herself with the breastplate

Tvxt<riv

of

Zeus (x'Tuva,

73)-

737.
738. 739.

may
:

refer to Athena's usual armor.

8v<ravoo-<rav

see on
<|><{(3os

447.
:

irdin-T) fy> ire'pi

itrrt^&vaTai

'which Flight encompasses

round about on every

740.
tv
: '

side.'
i.e.

within,'
:

741.

rop-yeCn

the proper adj.

on the expanse of the shield. is equivalent to a gen. ropyovs,

witl;

which
743.

ireXibpov is in apposition (see

on B
'

54).
: '

dp.<p(<pa\ov kvvt]v TTpa<j><iX.Tipov

TfTpa.<pi\7\pos

two-crested helmet with four')

fold plate.'

(<pd\apa,

cheek-pieces

probably describe?

plates of metal, of fourfold thickness, on either side of the

helmet ex-

tending perhaps from the temples to the neck, and forming an additiona) defence against lateral blows. A different explanation is given in the

Horn. Diet.

ILIAD
744.
kot2>v
. .
.

V.

283
hundred

dpapviav

'

fit

for the combatants of a

cities,' i.e.

of colossal size.

745.

ktv\os) and the tripping movement of the syllable, we have an anapaestic movement.

Notice the regular recurrence of short syllables (o-ti'xos S\oSdline. Disregarding the first
o-Ti8apdv the three epithets, following hard

746.

Bpi9v

p-t'-ya

upon

one another without conjunctions (asyndeton), emphasize the mighty weight of the spear.
747.
KOTtV<rTai [KOTTiffrjrai].
p,vxov: 'grated
ve'tpos
:

749.
751.

on their hinges.'
It

The clouds which

?x ov [^vXarrov]. separate the lower a-fip from the

to

alO-fiP

are the gate of heaven.

seems rather a harsh expression

v.

speak of
their

cloud-gates as

'

grating on their hinges,'

: '

749.

752.

Translate
horses.'

there then straight through

them they held

goaded
755.

753. 754
758. 759. 761.
762.
at all?"

= A 498, 499.
vv. 368, 775.
:

Cf

6<r<rdTi.6v rt Kal olov

i.e.

3t< t6<tov t(
v.

iced

toiov [cf
51).

120).

&xs
f\

apposition with

758 [cf T 50,

dvc'vTcs: 'at

having

let loose.'
:

pd H p,oi KxoX<io-at. 'will you then really be wroth with me This question follows naturally after the assumed affirmative
irTr\T]Yvia

answer
763.

to the question in v. 757.

Xvypus
d-ypci

cf.

with

ireirKTjyws aeiicecrffi ir\riyrj<riv,

264.

765.
766.

udv [&ye

St;].
:

TrcXd^iv 68uvTJ<rt
is

cf.

for the

same idea

v. 397.

Athena as god-

dess of war

a natural rival of Ares.

768.
770.

Cf. v. 366.
8<r<rov:

ace.

of extent of space,

and iitpoaSts agrees with

as.'

it.

Translate: 'as far into the cloudy-grey (distance)

772.
T<5o-<rov
:

i.e.

the horses covered at each spring a distance as great

notice the position of the dual verb between the

as a man's eyes can penetrate into space.

774.

o-vp,pd\AeTov
subjects.
:

two singular
776.
778.

irovXvv

metrical convenience

may

explain the employment of

the ace. masc. of the adj. instead of the regular fern, form iroW-fiv.

t%a9'

ace. of specification.

The two goddesses

are

compared

to pigeons 'in their gait' because of their short and rapid steps.

To
r

the
22).

hero on the other hand

780.
881
:

is

applied the expression paicpa Pt&wvra

(cf.

'to the place

where

'

(cf

145,

132, 210).
:

781.

BCtiv Aiop-t^Stos:

for in their retreat

fight.

'were standing,' around Diomedes the Greeks halted occasionally to

cf B 387, T 105
go-rao-av

782. 783.
boars, see

253,

For other instances of comparison of heroes owk dXairoSvdv: litotes. E 299

to lions

and

284
785.
Stentor
is

NOTES.
is

only mentioned in this one place in the Iliad, yet this

'

mention
786.
787.

the origin of the familiar adjective

:

stentorian.'

'used to shout' (as often as there was occasion). al8:is: nom. for voc. in exclamation kolk' ikiy^ea see on
av8r|o-aa-K
:

235
1

elSos dyn,To

cf.

39.
:

89

irv\ttv AapSavidcov
tirl

i.e. ~2.ko.iuv

irvKwv

(cf.

145).

791.

vnw

geration.

The

a comparison with v. 700 shows this to be an exagextremes between which the battle oscillated were the
:

city gates (iri\ai, v. 789)

and the ships

vyes).

793.

TvSuStj eirdpovo-c: 'hurried up to Tydeides,' not, as in V 379,

\kos dva\j/uxvTa
'cooling off his wound,'

472, with hostile intent.

795.

i.e.

wiping away

the sweat which increased the pain

to juv pd\t

see on v. 361 for

double ace.
796.

trnpt

'

distressed.'
this,' i.e.
'
:

797.

tw: 'by
avia-)(uv
ot
:

by the sweat.

798.
800.
831.

lifting up,' so as to get at the

wounded

part beneath.

here reflexive and used as in prose =sibi.

:

toi

ethical dat.
p'

'

I tell you,' or

'

you know.'

802.
803.

kcU

ore rap

'and so even when.'

'without
(i.e.

The apodosis

follows in v.

806, avrap irpoKa\l^TO.

voV^iv Axeuwv
'

unaccompanied by) Achaians.' In

of the

3S8 the expression 804. 805.

807. 808.
Cf.

is

ixovvos iwv

(cf.

Agamemnon's account

same

scene (A 376-400) from which

Cf.

many phrases

are here repeated).

385, 3S6.

389.
is

This verse

a combination of

A 390 and E

828.

It is inconsist-

ent with v. 802, and weakens the contrast plainly intended between vv.

802 and 810.

tarchus.

Hence
:

there

is

good reason

for rejecting

it

with Aris-

810.
812. 815.

Trpo<|>pov6tos

join with Kt\ofxai.

dKTjpiov (d priv.

and

Krjp)

lit.

'without heart,' 'spiritless.'

yiyvdxrKta

in spite of her

appearance in mortal form, as may

be inferred from
818.
819.

v.

835.
:

<r'v cJ>Tp&ov
otf
p.'

cf.

vv.

27-132.
that he
v.
is

tfos

situation as

was

his

820. 821
823.

= vv.
l

Diomedes replies father Tydeus (cf.

!

in precisely the

same

802, ovk (Xa<XKov).

131, 132.
2 aor. pass, infin.
:

dXrjiitvai [dArjcai]
p. (

from

e?A.a> (cf.

v. 782).

824. 827.
count,'

^X T v
:

v - [*""

/t

<*X'H

dv4

and
'

Std

do not

suffer anastrophe
6.
'

when they
i.e.

follow their object.

See Sketch of Dialect,

lit.

to yt

ace. of specification,

in respect to

this,'

on that

ac-

of the goddess's previous

:

command

in vv. 124, 130.

830.

o-xcSCtjv

'

in

hand
278).

to

hand encounter.'

The form

is

ace. fem. of

an

adj. (cf amfiiriv,

ILIAD
:

V.

285

831. rvicrbv kokov lit. 'an evil worked out to full completion,' 'a consummate evil.' The character of Ares is without dignity or worth, in most unfavorable contrast to that of Athena.

832.
Iliad.

7rppr|v

the promise here attributed to

:

otcvt* d-yopcuctfv p.axT|0"r9ai

fight.'

Ares is not found in the 'was giving to understand by

i.e.

words (ayopevuv) that he would

836.
irdXiv cpuo-cwra
:

'having drawn him backward,'

|A[iairt'&>>
' :

forth

from

the open part of the chariot in the rear

instantly.'

837.

Athena enters the

^(ifitjiavto
cf. v.

chariot, not as

combatant

(irapaBarTjs), but as

charioteer.

838.

142

4>t|7ivos

see on v. 693.

839.
845.

dYv

'

it

bore.'
:

"A"i8os KvveT)v

'

the

helm of Hades.'

This made the wearer

in-

visible, like the fog-cap

Tarn-kappe or Nebel-kappe) of
herself invisible to
'

German mythology.
;

Athena put on
have needed
849. 851. 854.
it

this

cap that Ares might not recognize her

she would not

to

make
: '

men

(cf

198).

I8vs with gen.

<Jpc|aro
:

straight

at,'

'straight for.'

aimed a

stroke.'

Were we
it

to read (nrtp (with

Codex

Venetits) instead of vw' 4k, the

sense would be easier.

As

the text stands,

it

we must
chariot.'

translate
it

'

and she

caught
856.

with her hand and pushed

aside, so that

flew harmlessly

under and out from (behind) the body of the

tir-iptia-f
:

'

drove

it

home.'
(wvi>v<nceTo,
'

was wont to bind For note on nirpn, which was worn next the skin under the M a and (axrriip, see on A 137. 858. oSto. see on v. 376 [cf. A 525). Notice the change of subject between olna and difSatyfv [Sickoi^ck]. Sc. with the latter verb Sopu.
857.
\Lirpt\v
:

ace. of the thing with

about him (midd. voice) his body-band.'

860.
X^ioj.

twcdxiXoi, SsKdxtXoi

861.
862.

The enormous numbers make a burlesque |wd-yovTs tpiSa cf. B 381.

:

shortened forms for ivixit x^<> ^kJlkh of Ares's pain.

vmS

adv.,

cf.

T
:

34,
'

421.
(lit.

864, 865.

Translate

as there forms itself

comes

the clouds a black fog-mass,

when a gusty wind

;

rises in

to view) from consequence of

the burning heat.'

866.
867.

Toios

'

such,'

i.e.

'

so black

'

the point of the comparison

is

the

blackness of the two appearances.

Join
6/xov ve<ptt<T<riv

with Iwv

'as he went with the clouds (in

which he was wrapt).'

868.
870.

Portions of this verse are found in

17

and E 367.
Trewpwfiivov iarlv

dpSpoTov

atfia

i.e.

lx<*>p

(cf vv. 339, 340).

:

873.
875.

TcrXnOTfs A\Uv [rtrKantv]

cf.

309,

where

<ro

'
:

against you,' because the acts of your favorite child, Athe-

na, bring us into opposition with you.

286
876.
X
:

NOTES.
dr|o-uXa
:

seems to be the same word as

pf.
:

a1<rv\a, v.
yueAi.

403
'

FH-1

this 2 pf.

does not differ in meaning from pres.

:

878.
879.

S<S|AT)|i<r6a

with sense of pres.,

lit.

'

are subject to

(cf.

183).

irpoTipdXXtoi
dviis [ayfojs]
1).
:

'dost punish,'
as
if

'castest thyself upon.'

avi-rjixi

830.
885.

from

pres. aview instead of

(see

Sketch

of Dialect, 24,

vir^veiKav [inrfiveyKav]
cv vKd8o-<riv
:

fj

t^ ke

cf.

56.

886.
severely

Ares, as immortal, could not die, but he might be

battle-field

wounded and be stretched on the

(veKa.8e<r<n).

(avrov)

among

heaps of corpses
887.

s [fais].
Cf.

890, 891.
892.

176, 177.
:

dd<rxTov, ovk tirieuordv

'uncontrollable, unyielding,' showing

the opposite qualities to those suggested by v. 878.

894.
892.

to>

'

therefore,' because of the character ascribed to

Hera

in v.

895.
896.

ywos

Zeus speedily relents from the feelings expressed in v. 889. tjioC to me,' i.e. as my son.' ace. by descent.'
'
:

'

'

898.

tvtpTtpos [/coTWTfpoj] Ovpaviwvtov

i.e.

'lower than the (rebel) sons

of Uranos,'

than the Titans, imprisoned in Tartaros.

402.
:

899, 900 902.

=401,
is

im-y6p.vos

lit.

'

in

haste,'

6ir6s

being personified.

Certainly
its

personification

natural of anything so rapid and mysterious in

it.

oper-

ation as rennet or any substitute for

(rvv^irr]|v

gnomic

aorist.
stirs
it.'

903.
906.

irpiTp<j>eTtti

kvkoojvti

'

thickens on every side as one

v.

Contrast this verse with

869 (cf

405).
clear themselves of

908.

These goddesses have now done enough to

the charge of supineness which Zeus in Z 8 follg. brings against them.

BOOK SIXTH
Zryra
8'

dp Av8pofuixr}<; /caVE/cropo ; ear oapurrvs.

1

In Zeta, Hector prophesies ; prays for his son

Fighting continues after the gods have
violence (1-118).
of
left

wills sacrificed

the

field,

but with decreasing

first,

Thus room
(
;

is left

for quieter scenes:

the parley

Diomede and Glaukos 1 19-236), as an illustration of the power of the bond of guest-friendship then, the meeting and parting of Hector and Andromache (370-502), as an illustration of the strength and sacredness
of the marriage
tie.

Paris's frequent

appearance on the scene reminds us

oiuoOr)

how he had
1.

violated both of these bonds.

:

Tpuicov Kal 'A^aiciiv

join with <pv\<nrts.

i.e.

x u P^ s 6(uv

iyfvtro.

Ares, Apollo, Athena, Hera, and Aphrodite,

for gen. see on

who had taken

[euflus],

part in the combat in E, have

2.
lit.

ireStoio

now withdrawn. Kdv<rt B 785

(v. 2)

Idvvw from Idvs

'go straight.'

Translate:

'and the tide of battle set

in

many

directions over the plain,

3.

now

this

way,

now
at

that.'

cLXXt|\ojv

gen. of object
'

aimed

(cf.

100).

As

subject of ptc.

supply a word meaning

4.

combatants.'
v. 2.

Join this verse with Wvat in

~Xifi6ttrros
is

The

caesura in the verse indiis

cates that

not dependent upon poduv, but

governed by
a

(ifffffTiyvs [fjLera^v].

6.

<|>ows ?8tjkv [<TWT7)piav 4iroi7)<rev]

lit.

'caused a

light,' i.e. 'let in

gleam
7.

of light.'

Apwrros

in

proportion to the valor and size

(i)i>u

re

^f^w

t) of

Akamas was
i(h)Kfv)

the relief which

Ajax brought
:

by slaying him.

tstukto [eytveTo]

companions (tpdus plupf. 3 sg. from rtvxw.

to his
'

9-11
12.

= A 459-461.
ire<}>vc
:

redupl. 2 aor. from stem

:

(pcv-,

kill

'

(see
I,

on
14.

397).

14.

actios PuStow

cf.

Vergil's dives opum, Aen.

1 Chapman's couplet which stands above it.

is

not a translation,

it

will

be observed, of the Greek hexameteT

288
15.
68<u 2iri
[4tp' d8<J>]
:

NOTES.
'upon the road,' so that
all (i.e. all

wayfarers must pass

by

his dwelling.

the many whom he had warded off from him (lit. 'for There is pathos in the thought of him,' see on A 566) sad destruction.' how little return he received, in the hour of need, for all his kindness to
16.

Translate

'

but not one of them

entertained, rwvye referring to Ttavras)

others.
17.
irpoa-Oev
:

may

refer to time or to place

; '

'

having

first

(prior to

Axytos) faced Diomede

(Axylos),'
19.
i.e.

or

'

having faced Diomede in front of him

for Axylos's protection.

:

v<}>tivIoxos

see Horn,

Diet
after,'

i.e.

--yoiav

&vn\v

'

they went below

the earth.'
21.
p-rj

SI

[le-r'
'

'

and went

to overtake (see

on

222).
:

22.

vt)is:

Naiad,' derived from raw, 'flow.'

'ABapBaper)
the

perh. a

compound
'

of d priv.

and $6p&opos,

'

mud.'

Thus

meaning would be

Clear-water.'
24.
25.

0-kotiov 8e
iroi\>.a.(vu>v
:

ytCvaro h^ttjp
in

the

Mt. Ida.
27.

<J>uX6rnTi ko.1
:

and his mother bare him in secret' same way as Paris kept his father's flocks on evvrj cf. V 445.
:

vircXvo-e

'

relaxed underneath

'

the

preposition

is

used with

special reference to yv?a, which here equals yovara (see on

32.
vrjpa,To
:

34).

1
:

aor midd. from ivalpw.

the doubling of the in this

34.

euppeirao

lost consonant.

The
:

37. 38.

Pof)v d-ya0o's
druo|i.va>
:

form of the root of see on B 408.

orig.
.

f>eu

word is the indication was <rpv-.

of a

<jr

8oio

'

fleeing bewildered over the plain.'

'

p-vpiKivio adj formed from nvpl<tr\, Lat. myrica, tamarisk,' a shrub 39. mentioned as abundant in the Trojan plain. 40. The entanglement 0\a<pdtvTe of v. 39 is the cause of the breakThe horses were attached to the chariot only by ing (S|a'T[e]) of v. 40.
(

means
yAv
:

of the yoke, so that the shattering of the 'fore part of the pole

'

(irpdirq) fiv/icp)
i.e.

would

set

them
:
'

free.

Cf. Plate I in

Horn. Diet

avr&

the horses, in contrast with the chariot which they left behind.
irtp ot

41.

fj

&W01, kt\.

by the very same road by which the others

(horses and men) were fleeing bewildered.'

44. 45.
46.

?YX 0S c f- ^ 34^Connect yovvwv with \a0civ.

8oX.ixda-iaov
:

5<iypei

'

take

me

alive,'

i.e.

'

spare

my

life.'

based, however, on the ransom which he offers.

of the verse follows the caesura 47.
v d($>veiov irarpos
:

The plea for life is The emphatic portion

23).

(cf. 5'|a Hirotva,

the

first
'

example

in the Iliad of the ellipsis, so

common
49.

in prose, of the

word
:

house.'
of

tv k^v toi xopCo-ovro

'

which things

my

father

would gladly

give to thee.'

ILIAD
60.
is

VI.

289
The
(cf.

irnrvSoiTo

redupl. 2 aor. from xwddyoficu.

'

thing learned
257).

here something about a person,

51.
intidt
'
:

that I

was

alive

'

sought to persuade

'

(contrast the force of the aor. in v. 61,

is

where
52. 53.

the counter-persuasion of

Agamemnon
point.'

successful).

Tax*

ty

*^*
:

'

was

ust

on tne

KaTa|t'ftv
is 1

form
54.

aor. with intermediate

:

Kara suggests the direction down to the sea vowel instead of a (cf. T 105).
'

; '

the

opoKXTJo-as

implies a loud tone of reproach and reproof.

:

u irtirov, w McveAae the repetition of the interjection suggests 8 [5^]. haste and eagerness dvSpuv used for av$p6s, an exaggeration for the sake of effect. 56. ironical reminder to Menelaos of the wrongs which he fj <roi, kt\. had suffered from the race, one of whom he seemed about to spare.
55.
:
:

59.

icovpov:

lit.

'a (male) youth,' here simply a designation of sex,

ui]8'

'a male child, etc'

6s:

rel.

used as demonstrative,

'let

not

even him.'
60.

dKTJSto-roi Kal a<favroi

: '

both adjectives are used proleptically

translate

let

them perish out

'

of Ilios without burial

and without leaving

for a

a trace behind
62.

(cf.

39, 126).
:

alo-iaa irdptvirwv

'

urging (upon him) what was proper'

555).
vtttios (ire<r(v,

(cf.

different
64. 65.

meaning of the verb, A

:

dvcrpdirrr

'fell

back
' :

'

[cf.

108).

Xd

tv <rTTJ8r<ri (3ds

planting his heel on his breast.

67
68.

=B

no.
:

em.paXX6p.vos

'

throwing himself upon,' the gen. Ivdpuv depends

G. 177, H. 583.

upon
70.

the preposition in composition.

Ta: refers to ivdpwv.

:

The 71. <rv\T|<rT fut. with potential force (cf. A 137, B 203,367. verb as a verb of depriving takes the double accusative of the person and
the thing
veicpovs TcOvtarras
'
:

cf.

a similar expression in
all

King James's

Version

dead corpses.' 2 Kings, xix. 35. inr' "Axouwv l<rav^(3T]o-av 73. 'would have been driven (forced to go up) into Ilium by the Achaians.' The gen. of the agent is often used after verbs which though not passive are equivalent to passives (see on
: :

In the morning they were

242).
74.

dvaA.KiT]<n
Cf.

'

on account of their

failure to

defend themselves.'

76. 78.
79.

69.
teal

Tptiwv

"iOvv: orig.

AvkIuv connect with Cfi/xi [ifi?y]. meaning 'motion,' 'direction; hence undertaking.'
:

'

'

80.

orfjTt avTov

'take your stand here.'

epvKdKfre

2 aor.

imv.

with peculiar redupl. (see Sketch of Dialect, 15, 2). A last effort is to be made before the city gates to stay the flight of the panic-struck multitude.

81.

4iroix6p*voi

cf.

31

irplv

afrrf

irr&iv

'before they

29O
fall

NOTES.
:

their wives.'
84.

again (implying their habitual effeminacy) in flight into the arms of X*PtJLa 'exultant joy' (cf. T 51).
-rjp.ets

|v

'we,'z'.<f.

Helenos and the other Trojan

correlative with arip in v. 86.

chiefs,

except

Aeneas and Hector,

86.

pev
:

is

irdXivSe p.Tpx.o

for fj.erepxop.ai used in

somewhat
like

different sense
is

with ace. of direct

Beli/at

obj., cf.

E 429

rj

Si,

kt\.

the predicate

the infin.
verb, re:

in v. 92,
its

which equals Oerw, and therefore,

any

finite

quires

subject in the nominative case (see on

21).

Translate

'let

her collect into the temple the old

ace. pi.]
:

women and
in this

lay,' etc

-yepaids [ypavs,

an

adj.

form occurring only

book and corresponding

(cf.

ex-

actly to the masc. yepai6s [yepwv],

88.

35.

vi\6v [vedv]
:

ace. of limit of

motion

A
'

322,

r 262)
'

iroXa

&Kpt]

i.e.

a.Kpoir6\ei.
:

rl -yovvacn. 92. the mantle was to be laid upon the lap of the image of Athena. The statue may be thought of as a rude wooden one, like that in the Erechtheum at Athens. Such images were called i,6ava. Statues of Athena usually represented the goddess in standing posture.
94.

^vis

[Evicts]

La Roche and Hentze both

lit.
:

prefer the

meaning
of &

'sleek' to the old rendering 'yearling.'

privative and Kevreco,
96.
erf

f|Krras:

compounded
i.t.

'that have not felt the goad,'

'unbroken.'

states more definitely what is meant by aX k eKerio-p Both verbs may be brought together in translation thus in case she may show pity in keeping off' (see on A 67).

Kev cardo-xi)

in v. 94.

'

97.
98.

fi^crnopa <|>6Pcao
J

cf.
:

A
cf.

328.
is

KapTi<rTov Ax.aiuv

'Axaico*',

sharing this

title

E 103 where Diomedes with Achilles, A 244.

called &pto-ros

99.

Translate: 'not even Achilles did

we formerly

(i.e.

before his

withdrawal from the Greek host in consequence of his quarrel with Aga-

memnon)
100.

so
.

much
.

fear.'
: '

8v

||ip-vai
fleas
:

who, however, they say

is

the child of a god-

dess

'

the gen.

101. (see on

lcro4>a.piiv

depends upon the prep, in composition. differs little from v. I. ai'Ti<pepiiv

ai'Ti(pfpf(rdai

589).

103-106
108.

E 494-497.
:

<j>av Se'

'

for they thought

'

(cf.

28).

110. 113.
i.e.

Cf. v. 66.
64>p'

&v

P'u

[eus hv fiw]: 'until I go.'

yipovtri PouXcvnjjcn

Srinoytpovcri.
KaTd}i.j3as
:

115.

the

as twelve.

The
is

largest

number number

of cattle sacrificed is of victims

mentioned
in

in v.

93

mentioned

Homer

as actu-

ally sacrificed

eighty-one (Odyssey,
:

8).

117.

cLfxcpL

Se

'

and on both

sides,'

i.e.

'above and below.'

cr4>vp4

Kal avxeva: definitive appositives of

fxiv,

the object of rvirre.

Translate

'and above and below the black ox-hide was smiting him upon neck and

ILIAD
ankles.'

VI.

29I

Hector carried his shield upon his back suspended by a strap which passed around his neck. 118. Translate 'a rim, which ran round the outer edge (lit. 'as outer
:

edge,' irvudrtj) of the bossy shield.'

Sep/xa

&mv

is

in partitive apposition with

The

outer edge of the

Se'pjuo

was the

&vrv.

119. Here begins the splendid episode of the meeting of Glaukos and Diomedes. A reason for introducing it may have been to give Diomedes, who had performed prodigies of valor in E, a sufficient occasion to with-

draw from the field. 121 = r 15. 123. Diomede's ignorance who Glaukos was seems strange

in

the

tenth year of the war, yet not so strange as Priam's inability to recognize

Agamemnon and
added
126.
Odpffti.

other leaders of the Greeks

is

(cf.

T 166

follg.).

It

may be

that

Glaukos
already

not one of the most prominent of the Trojan chiefs.

to Glaukos (cf. v. 145). on A 244. The clause or...

Diomede

is

known
:

8 t [on re]

see

ifxavas explains

127.

SwWjvwv

iralScs

'

(only) sons of wretched fathers,'

i.e.

of those
31.

doomed
130.

to lose their children

avTidwcri [avTiuat]

see on

by no means,' negation strengthened by AvKoopyos [AvKovpyos] a Thracian king who excluded the worship of Dionysos (Lat. Bacchus) from his land and drove Dionysos himself into the sea. In punishment he was blinded, and soon
oiSt -yap ov8^
:

'for

doubling the negative

after lost his

life.
:

131.

8f|v \\v

adv. in predicate where an adj.

(Srji/a7os)

seems more
i.e.

natural, 'was long-lived,' 'lived long' (see

on

416).
:

132.

(iaivo|U voio

'madly-raving.'

Ti0T|vas

lit.

'nurses,'

the

frenzied

women
Nv(Hjw>v

(often called 'maenads,' fialvofuu)

who

celebrated the

orgies of Dionysos.
133. 134.
all
:

'

Nysa

'

is

said to have been a mountain in Thrace.

'

0u<r9Xa: this word, derived from Ovu,

to sacrifice,'

may

include

the sacrificial implements, but refers primarily to the 'Thyrsi' or

staffs

with ends fashioned like a pine-cone, which were borne by the

dvSpocpdvoio epithet used on account upon Dionysos and his attendants. 135. In this and the two following verses Dionysos is represented as a cowardly god, fearing an angry man. 138. tw 'with him,' i.e. 'against him,' refers to Lykourgos. 141. ovS' &v 0\oifii and I would not (in view of the short life of all who have attempted it) wish to fight with gods.'
priests or servants of
:

Dionysos

of his attempted violence

'

143.

6\e'9pou trtCpara
roti\ 84

see Horn. Diet, under irtlpap.

: '

146.
147.
'

Kal dvSpuv
for
its

such on the other hand also

is Ttk

that of men.'
5

tA \Uv has

correlative

&Ma

Se instead of a

\iu

strews.'

'

292
148. 149.
8'

NOTES.
frri^fyviTai
:

parataxis instead of 8t iwiytyvtrat.

v.

In this verse we have an exact parallel to the construction in

"yevc^j, is in

147

the whole,

the same case as

:

150.

8aV|p.vai: translate inf. as imv.

is.

two parts, i\ jx4v and r) 8e. 'learn even this,' trifling as the
its

matter
151.

iroXXol 8e

ftrewriv:

may be considered

as

an instance of

parataxis.

152.
its

"Err

ir<J\is TityvpT)

with the form of this verse, especially with

beginning,

many famous
I, 5,

descriptive passages

may be compared,

e.g.

Vergil's Aen.

Dante's Inferno, canto V.

name
is

of Corinth

Peloponnesus,' for
often used.
153.

Ephyre is the older The phrase p.v\u> "Ap-ytos means 'in a recess of the which large division of Greece, by metonymy, "Apyos
v. 97.

See Horn. Diet, under "Apyos.

:

2i<rwpos

the proper

name

is

perhaps formed by reduplication

from the
155.

adj. ao<p6s.

BX\epo<J>6vrny

the scholiast explains that the orig.

name

of

Bellerophon was Hipponoos, but that, after slaying by accident a Corinthian named Belleros, he fled to Proitos to be purified from the taint of
blood.
156.
157.
f|vopT)v

tpaTtCvijv

'

lovely manhood.'
is

The second

foot of this verse

a spondee, the last syllable of

to
01.

din-dp being long

on account of the a and F properly belonging

159.
160.

Connect 'Apyelwv, as the punctuation indicates, with S-^/xov. tu: best joined with iire^yaTo (juaiVo^icu), 'was madly in love
irtiQ(<=)

with him.'
162.
:

ipf.

of unsuccessful attempt, 'was trying in vain to per-

suade.'
163.
164.
t|/v<ra|icvT|
:
'

having devised a falsehood.'

:

T&var)s

9\

Kaxravt

'

mayst thou be dead or

(cf.

slay,'

i.e.

'

wish

thee dead unless thou slay'

A
:

18-20).

The

successive steps by

which the form K&Krayt

K&KTCUie.

is

reached are
170.
-yc

teard/crewf, (KarKravt), (icaKKTave),

165. 167.

\l'

[fioi]

see on

a-epdo-o-aro -yap to

8v|ia!

i.e

'

his conscience forbade that

for Bellerophon
do-e/Ehjj.

was

ivos,

and

to kill

him would have been the

is

act of an

<T/8aj

describes the reverential regard for what

proper in the
practised in
'

sight of gods and men.

168.
o-^|p.aTO Xv-ypd
:

the art of writing

a-fifiara is to

was
'

certainly
'

little

the

Homeric
'

age, hence

be translated
:

signs' or

characters,'

not

letters.'

vpcuj/as 8vp.o<j>0opa iroXXd

i*.

having scratched

many

life-

destroying symbols,'
170.
ircvBcpw

various scenes were scratched upon the inner

all of

sides of the folded tablet,

:

which had murder as their subject.

usually an epithet of persons,
is

i.e.

Iobates, the father of Anteia.

:

171.

dp.wp,ovi Trop/Trr}

a/xv/xovi,

used

ILIAD
'

VI.

293

here in a conventional sense, and the phrase means nothing more than
safe-conduct.'
172.

HdvBov povTa
Upo-v
:

174.
ter.
'

orig.
:

differs little from "EdvOoio f>oda>v, v. 4. meaning, 'make holy derived meaning, 'slaugh; '

4vvTJ|iap, cvvca

nine

is

a favorite

Homeric round number

(cf

53).

fresh bullock

was

offered,

and eaten, each day.

etiquette of the Horn, times to
first

175.

C/.A493tpive
:

176.

it

was a part of the

v.

entertain the stranger, and then question

him as

to his country

and pur-

pose
left to

<rfj(ia

(repeated in

178) refers to a pictured scene.

We

are

make

the inference that Bellerophon had told Iobates that he

ar\p.a

was

the bearer of a
177.
him.'
180.

from Proitos.
i.e.

01: 'for him,'

for Iobates

(pcpoi-ro:

(midd.)'bore with
<pcv-,

ir<pv^(iv

[ireQvuv]

redupl. 2 aor. infin. from stem

'slay.'

As
181.

the adj.

Sciov equals

a gen.

pi. dfS>v,

the gen. avOpitruv follows

naturally (see on

54).
is

This verse
:

thus translated into Latin by Lucretius,

ipse

De Rerum

Natura, V, 902 Ante leo, postrema draco, media 182. Savdv join with yueVos.
:

Chimaera.

183.

Ocwv Tcpde<r<ri

iri8T|<ras

cf.

398.

184.

2oXv|xouri

the Solymoi were a warlike people on the borders of

Lykia.
185.

KapThrrnv

in Engl,
:

such a pred. adj.

is

best translated by

in-

serting a relative clause

'he said that this battle with heroes (avSpvv)

was

the hardest-fought into which he

had

entered.'

186.
187.

'AjidSovas
i)<J>aiv
:

cf.

189.

the subject changes

from Bellerophon

to Iobates

(cf.

212).

vice in an

he set an ambush.' For the estimate in which serXdxov ambuscade was held, cf. A 227. 191. ylyv a"rKt the ipf. tense suggests that the knowledge came gradually, forced upon Iobates by the successive exploits of Bellerophon, which implied divine favor and aid.
189.
tlo-c
: ' :

193.

fj[uo-v

Tip^s

the royal rights thus shared were

;

sovereignty

claim to presents from subjects (ytpas)

194.
rdfiov, of

a special plot of land (rtptvos).

Tp.cvos
:

koI

(iv
it

[fify]

'

and

in

truth.'
refi-, tcl/m.

cognate ace. after

which

contains the root

Thus

Tf/xei/os

= r6rcos

airo-

Terfirjixevos.

195.
196. 199.

<pvTa\ifjs: gen. limits rtfievos understood, with

T|

which ko\6v agrees.

Si

refers to Ovyartpa, v. 192.

:

SapirrjSova

thus

it

appears that Sarpedon and Glaukos, men-

tioned together
200.

876, were cousins.

:

4\X' 8t 8^
:

recurs four times in succession vv. 172, 175, 191.

koI kcivos

'he

also,' i.e.

Bellerophon as well as Lykourgos,

v. 140.

294
201.
icdir
:

NOTES.

by apocope and assimilation from tcard. 'AXrjiov: a for its resemblance in sound to dAaro, from which Aristarchus considered that it was derived others connect with & priv. and \7]tov, harvest,' and translate barren waste.' Vv. 200, 202-205 interrupt the connection and may be interpolations. Cicero translates " Qui vv. 200, 201, in the Tusculan Disputations, III. 26, as follows miser in campis maerens errabit Aleis, Ipse suutn cor edens, hominum

word chosen, no doubt,

'

'

vestigia vi'ans."

203.
is

"Apijs &tos iroXsjioto Ka.riKTO.vi: 'Ares, insatiate in combat, slew,'

a poetic

way
'

of saying
:

'

they

fell in

war.'

205.

x.P v<r ^ vu s
'

bands
207.

or

sash

'

fyta, ' reins,' might refer to the by which bow and quiver were suspended. See Horn.
'f

connected with

Diet, for a different explanation of the word.

(idXa iroXXd

'very earnestly'

(cf.

229).

These splendid verses should be learned by heart. They were evidently in the mind of Herodotus when he wrote, vii. 53, &v8pas
208, 209.
yiveffdai

ayadovs Kal
Karen-r^ev
[cf.
:

yu$)
'

Karaiffx^veiv to irp6crde ipyaff/xeva

Tltparjffi.

213.

planted,' thrusting the butt, or <ravpuTT]p, into the

ground
215.

135).
:

fjpdvu: 'now then in very truth.' iraXaios 'of old time.' The passage vv. 215-236 is most interesting as a description of the relation of guest-friendship in the

Homeric

times.

217.

ivi<r' piias

'entertained and kept;' the aor. ptc. here desigto,

nates an action not prior

verb.
219.
220.
W0"M)P a
:

but contemporaneous with, the principal

see on

132 follg.
:

8Tras dfj.<{>i.KvireXXov
|iiv

see on
ntr.

585.

221.

[auT^j

used in
'as I

on A

237.

iwv

gender, which happens but rarely (see went (to the war).'
;

222. 223.

These verses have been thought an interpolation

connection
to
koXXi/ttc [KartKnre]
: '

they mani.e.

ifestly interrupt the

left

behind,'

in

Argos when he went

224.
225.
<Jn\os

take the lead of the expedition of the Seven

against Thebes.
:

see on

A
'

20.

which is readily suggested by Avk(t). Kal 8' ojj.tX.ov 226. even in the press of conflict,' where they could less clearly distinguish one another. 227. eiriKotipot see on B 1^0. 228. kt(vciv depends on iro\\o\ e/xol (elaiv). 230. Kal oK8 'these also,' i.e. the hosts of Trojans and Achaians who are thought of as having paused to witness the meeting and parley of Diomedes and Glaukos.
:

twv

i.e.

Avk'iwv,
:

233.
Aa&erriv.

x 'P a ? aXX^jXwv

XapVTtjv

more usual would be x fl P^> v aAA^Aouj

Translate the verse: 'they grasped each other's hands and

plighted faith to one another.'

ILIAD
236.

VI.
in

295
Greek

XP^0-'*1 Xa^K< k|>v

tn ' s

became a proverbial expression

literature for

an unequal exchange.
of

237.

The episode
is

narrative
239.
'

resumed from
:

Diomedes and Glaukos is now ended, and the v. 118, where it was broken off.
used here rather
'

clp6|uvai
for,'

ttpofiat [tpopai] is

in the
:

sense of

(ijrtct,

seek
240.

than in that of tpandai,

question.'

ras

from nom.
76,
'

sing.

7-77*.

irdo-ias: final syllable

<tttjs al0ovo~n<ri
:

used as long in arsi

'

(cf.

485).

243.

lit.

with polished porches,'

i.e.

with porches

The dat. may be explained as dat. of means, the of polished stone.' porch being a part of the palace and necessary to its completeness. 244. Cf Aen. II, 503, quinquaginta illi thalami. 2\7. Kovpdwv join with 6d\afiot in follg. v. It is only of the married sons and daughters of Priam that the apartments are mentioned. Hector
:

and Paris have palaces apart (cf. vv. 313, 317). 251. JfvOa takes up the connection from v. 243 T|irio8ajpos kindly-giving,' may be compared in signification with Lat. alma
'

lit.

tvavrli] t\\9(

obviam

ivit.

252.

253.

254.
255.
256.

Laodike was previously mentioned, T 124. Cf. A 513 and 361. Xwrwv the emphasis is on the ptc.
:

8vrw|ioi
<ri 8'

lit.
:

'

not to be named,'

'

accursed

'

{cf Lat infamis).

dv^iccv

parataxis, where, in later

result
:

Greek,

we might have
of

had a clause denoting

257.

fvOoSc

join with 4K66vr(a).

i &Kpi]s iroXios

connect with avaax^y-

The temple

Athena

was

in the Acropolis.

258.

ivtUa
|iya

[iviyKoi]
:

translate

by

fut. pf. indie.

260. 261.

6Wj<recu

translate independently of ws as a
;

new

statement.
:

d^ti

translate fi4ya as adv. or as pred. adj.

'

'increases

mightily,' 'renders great

. .

(cf.
:

414).

K^qirjicas suggested by KfKurjwrt. The connection may 262. . ms be thus given: wine inspirits a wearied man, 'and (lit. since) thou art

weary.'
264.
265.
4ip<
:

lit.

'raise,' ue. 'offer to drink.'

:

lit. 'take away strength of limb,' unnerve.' Hecmother offers him wine with a twofold object to restore his strength, and that he may pour out an oblation to the gods. He refuses for two reasons he fears that it will unman hfm, and it is not fit to make oblations with unwashen hands. This last sentiment may remind one of

dtroYK3TIs

'

tor's

David's words,
269. 270.
OWco-o-i

I
:

Chron.
see on
[evaiats]

xxii. 8.

&yXijs

A
:

1
'

28.

with burnt-offerings.'

The form

implies a

nom.

sing. Bios.

272.

toi

cdh-fj [trourij].

271-278

= 90-97.

296
280.
|xercXcv(ro|uii
:

NOTES.
fierd in

composition has here the same meaning

as /xerd used alone with ace. (see on

281.
tlirovros
:

222).
'

sc. 1/j.ov,

and
is

translate

hear

my

voice.'

&>s

(accent beice is
:

cause of following enclitic)

this very spot

here a particle of wishing

(cf.

[tide],

not

elsewhere found with opt. of desire

182)

aSGi

[auT<i0]

i.e.

'on

and
-ye

at this
:

very moment.'

283.

T016 t irauriv
keivov
:

cf.

28.

'him at least,' i.e. 'him, though no one else.' "AiSos tiVco see on r 322, where 56fxov, which is governed by uauo, is expressed. 'I might think' (cf. B 37). 285. <J>euT]v K It can hardly be decided
284.
:
:

whether
286.

<ppeva is to

be taken as the subject of tKAeAaBeadai, or as ace. of

i.e.
'

specification.

wotI

p.-yap(a)

into the apartments within,' for hitherto she

has been in the court.

Sidon was an older city than Tyre, which is not menis said by Herodotus (ii. 116) to v>^r> been driven by storms, first to Egypt and then to Phoenicia, on his return with Helen from Sparta to Troy. 292. avrj-ycryev the same word is employed as in r 48.
290.

UlSoviwv

tioned in Homer.

Paris

294.

iroiKCXjioo-i

iroiKiXixara refers to patterns

(cf.

worked
vios.

in colors repre-

senting
295.

some martial scene

veiaTos
:

T
'

126).

probably an old superlative of

last.'
'

Cf, in meaning,
lying at the bot-

Lat. novissimus in the sense of

Here lowermost,'

tom

of the chest as the

most valuable.

298.

0cav<

previously mentioned E 70.

the ptc. as joined with i/paro signifies that the prayer
(cf

303. 304.

Cf. v. 92.

ti\o\Uvr\

was audibly uttered

307-309.
311.

450).

Cf
:

the nearly identical vv. 93-95.

:

dvevevev
8u>|ia.Ta

313.

see on A 514. used in different meaning from

entire

Scfyta, v.

316.

The

for-

mer designates the

fieyapov.

palace

the latter the men's apartment, or

314.
316.

crvv dv8pdo-i

'

with the aid of men.'

'

avXrjv

the avXri,

enclosed yard ' or court,'

'

is

reckoned as a part
Xlpt-

of the palace, the parts of which are

317.
d/xoto,

named

in this verse.

rTpidfund t Kal/'Eicropos
kt\.
irepl
: '

abridged expression for Sw/xarwy

round about,'
'in the
i.e.

320.

about the junction of shaft and bronze

in

spear-point.
321.
lira)

iv 9aXdp.u)
'4-irofiat,
'

women's apartment,' as
' '

r 391

ShrovTa

be busy with and to follow,' are act. and midd. voices of the same verb, and from the same root as Lat. sequor. handling,' to test and see if fit for battle. 822. d<J>6a)VTa and
to
: '

ILIAD
334.
Ktk(\H
: =

VI.

297

famous handiwork,' i.e. woven fabrics irtpucAvrd tpY used with ace. of the thing and dat. of person, like l-nWcuta* or
'

itriTtWov.
326.

See on B
:

50.

\4\ov: 'resentment.' Hector thought A 561 had retired from the combat on account of resentment against the Trojans for being willing to surrender him according to the compact
Saijiovw
see on
that Paris
of r.

229.

Cf, for meaning of

jitfliivTa iroXtjioio

ififiSeSrie,

B 93

for

meaning

of /uix*Veuo,

8 75

330. 331.

cf.

240.

4va

[avicTTTidt]

for the preposition in

anastrophe takes place when a preposition stands composition with a verb. The verb may be other
:

than

tlfd.

irvpos

for gen. see on

415.

332. 333

r
:

58, 59.

335.

Tptttof

obj. gen. after

x^V

ar>d

'M< rffl

'

out f resentment and

correlative otrov,
:

indignation against the Trojans.'

toovov implies a

which might have been expressed in the following verse thus where, instead, we have %dt\ov Se.
336.

ooov iOeKuv,
at his

&x"

dat after irporpav4<r$<u,

-

'

devote myself to

grief,'

i.e.

defeat by Menelaos.

338-340.

These verses describe the same

feeble, vacillating character

which

portrayed in r 448 follg. hra/i(i$(rai &ySpas with T 440.

is

Cf. especially the

sentiment

v(xi\ 5

340.

8vw

subj. of exhortation.

342. 344.

Hector's haste to enter the combat prevents any reply. Helen's expressions of self-abhorrence in this verse are similar
fjfuxTi tu> 8t

to those in r 173. 345. 346.

:

otx*

^*1

TTpo<j>povo-a

cf.B 743, r 1S9. to have borne away.'

'

Cf. for similar

force of olxecrOaty best translated by an adv.,

71

cf.

also (0cu> (pipovrts,

391.

348.
349.

4v

is

omitted with a*6(F)tpff(.

:

Ttcp.T|pavTo

'

appointed,'
i.e.
'

'

decreed.'

350. 351.

rtrtiTa

'

then,'
:

in that case,' as

a kind of compensation.

Translate

'who had a sense

for reproof

and the many taunts of

p/ircSot
lit.

men.'
352.
i.e.

tovtw
'

used contemptuously as
tcvkv6s,
:

in v.

363

'firm,'

'discreet

{cf.

55).

353.

!iravpT|<rr0<u

i.e.

'will reap the fruit of his doings

'

(cf.

410).

356.
357.

Cf V 100. As &rt does not

Kci9ic
:
'

suffer anastrophe,

it

is

plain that

it is

to be joined

with

07j/ce.

360.

seek to
'

make me
(for)

sit

down.'

oi8i irckrtis

possibly an

example of parataxis,

and

you

shall not persuade me.'

298
361.
bri<r<rvra\. 8<j>p

NOTES.
eirapvvw
:

the

inf.

final clause

with

itppa.

But the

latter is often

would be more usual than the used interchangeably with

the

inf.

(see

on
:

133).

362.

p-eya

join with iro6)}v ix ov<Jiv

:

= iroQovaiv.
fut. Safiutriv.
i.e.
'

368.

Sapococriv

assimilated form instead of the contracted

369
370.

= v.

116.
:

5 vairrdovras

lit.

pleasantly dwelling,'

pleasant to dwell

in' (cf.v. 497).

373.
374.

irvp-yu: the 'tower'

above the Scaean gate

'

(cf.

145, 154).

ivhov: 'within
t'oTT) eir'

(the house).'
:

375.

ovSbv Iwv

he went to the threshold (of the women's

:

apartment) and stood.'

to the maid-servants.'

S|Mi>rjtriv

dat. after the

verb

fierteiirev,

'spoke

378.

The

genitives in this
:

and the following

v.

are explained as in v.

(ivartpav 'wives of husband's brothers,' a remoter relationship 47 than that of yax6wv, 'husband's sisters.'
385. 387.
388.

IXdo-Kovrat
|i"Ya
T|

conative present, 'are trying to propitiate.'

:
'

Kpa-ros ttvai [fi.tya Kparuv]

to

be far superior.'
:

\iiv 8f|

irpbs Ti\os rfyo|Mvr) d<J>iKdvei

'

see (5^), she

is

just

arriving in haste at the wall.'

389.
closely
391.
fiaivofUvT)
iirfiyo/jLfVT}.

eUvia

'

like a

Maenad.'
'

This phrase defines more

along,'
i.e.

KttT*

has here

its

proper force,

down

from the Acro-

polis to the gate.

392.
us, or

tin

no conjunction
aAA* 8t
5tj {cf.

is

coupled with edrt as so often with ?re,

cirel, e.g.

vv. 296, 242, 191, 178, 175, 172).

393.

Si(|ivai [Si|ieVai].

394.

iroXvSajpos

'

richly dowered,' either with gifts

from husband or

from

father.

396.

'He-rCwv

should naturally be gen. in apposition with 'Hertwvos of

it is

the preceding verse, but

attracted into the case of the follg.

rel.

by
off-

what

is

called inverse attraction.

Plakos

is

thought of as a spur, or

shoot, of Mt. Ida.

397. KiXfoto-o-i the Ki\mes here mentioned are entirely different from the people of the same name near Syria. 398. Notice the play on the similarity of the words ex 6T0 "Exropi, 'was held, as wife, by Hector (lit. 'Holder,' 'Keeper'). Examples of the dat. of agent with a passive verb are not infrequent see on r 301. 400. vT|Triov atfrws a mere infant,' see on r 220. 401. dXiyKiov ivaXlymov is more common (cj. E 5). 402. 2Ka|idv8piov similarly, in A 474, we had 2ifiotl<rtov, a proper name formed from the river Simois. 403. 'AerTvdvaKTa: the prince of the city.' The name was given to the babe as signifying what his father was above all others.
:

'

'

ILIAD
404.
o-iwirjj
:

VI.

299

join with

Itidv,

'looking in silence upon his child.'

406
407.

=
cf.

253.
:

Aat(i6vi
<rv
:

see on

190.
is

409.

gen. of separation after xtpVi which

in a body.'
:

properly an adj.

(cf.

B 289;
410. 411.

also v. 432).
:

irdvTts

'

d<j>afiopTov<rn

'lacking,' 'deprived of;' the ordinary

meaning
<rv y(

is: 'to fail in a spear-stroke.'

Svpcvai [SCveu].
'

412.

OaXirwpTJ
is

'

cheer,'

lit.

warmth.'

Sc, with

terra*, fxol

there

the strongest possible emphasis on

<rv (cf.

below, for a similar

emphasis, vv. 429, 430). 417. to yt o-cPao-oraTo

cf. v.

167.

which he did not show

419.
krt\ o-fjuo.
'

in his treatment of the

[<r7jfj.a

t\tcv
'

r='xe<]

'

showed a scruple body of Hector. raised over him a mound of earth.'

Achilles here
'

X means strew,' scatter,' as well as Andromache dwells on the circumstances

thus keeping before us her loss.
421.
of St
|xoi,

pour.'

aij/xa

is

ace. of effect.

of her father's death

and

burial,

kt\.

for a similar

arrangement of relative and anteis

cedent clause,
422. 424. 425. 426.

cf.
:

r
cf.

132.

l5 [ivl]
fctr'
. .

437,
:

where the accent

v. 25.

paroxytone.

ofco-o-i
:

cf

PaeriXeucv

'was queen.'
fiji'

f\yayt

'brought (as slave).'

slaves,

&XX010-1 tcTdTrcrv

women

were reckoned, as
427.
428.
Cf.

among

'

possessions.'

20.
:

traTpo's

ie.

Andromache's grandfather,

in

whose house her

(6<\"

mother, after being ransomed, died a sudden death

cupa).

"Aprf^ts loxe-

429.

"Em-op
OoXcpos

the vocative
(cf. v.
:

is

brought, for the sake of emphasis, before

here, perhaps,
rid^fii (see

the conjunction
430. 432.
3)-

86).

lit.
:

'

blooming

'

'

stalwart.'

0t|tjs [0j?i]

2 aor. subj.

from

Sketch of Dialect, 24,

stood near the Scaean
ir\rro Ttt^os

433.
gates,

pivov

the great 'wild fig-tree

'

(fpivtos)

and was one of the landmarks of the Trojan plain. tmSpouov 434. &u.pa.TOS [avdfiaros] easily scaled.'
: '

was made open to attack.' There was a legend that Aiakos, the grandfather of Achilles, had labored with Poseidon and Hephaistos upon the walls of Troy, and that the part made by him was not impregnable.
'the wall 435.
iripT|o-avfl'
:

'have tried (an

ntr. pi.
'

assault).'

438.

OcoirpoirCuv
'

of adj. 0toirp6irios.
(Btoirp6mov)

That they were guided

is

by some
439.

intimation from the gods

inferred because they

chose this point for assault.

i irorpvvei

Kal dvu-yti

the present tenses suggest that

still

another

attack

is

expected.

300
443. 444.

NOTES.
Connect
ovil
. .
.

iro\ejj.oio

with
:

vScrcpt
'

'remote from the combat.'

with
ifibv
ai/rov,

dvw-ytv
:

i.e.

my

heart forbids.'
Cf.

446.
Latin,

dpvuuevos

see on

159.

meum

ipsius in

and see on B 54. 447-449 = A 163-165.

450.

Tpwwv &X70S
vir

'

the

woe

of the Trojans.'

ottio-ctw

in time to

come.'
453.
\>ir6

dvSpdVi

dat.

denotes the agent, and

is

to

be translated like

with gen. (see on

(rev
:

242).

454. 455.
456.

subjective gen. limiting &\yos.

:

dynTai

lit.
:

'

carry with one's

'

self,'

'

carry off
i.e.

'

(cf.

93).

irpbs o\At]s

at the

bidding of another,'

not at her

own

free

will as in

125.
;

457.

the Old Testament phrase,

living in our times
to

Carrying water was a large part of the occupation of slaves cf. hewers of wood and drawers of water.' One
'

and with our surroundings does not realize what a labor draw the water from the single or few springs of an Eastern town. Drawing water and washing garments are the chief visible occupations of
it is

women
458.

in the

East to-day.
:

KpaTcpf| 8' iiriKti<rer' dvd-yto]

an instance of parataxis, 'for hard

necessity shall rest

460.
-fjSe
:

upon

(thee).'
'

with a gesture,
infin.

there

is

the wife of Hector.'

463.

duvvtw:

of purpose depending

upon

TooS8e,

'competent to

ward

off.'

464.

x VT^l Y a *

i- e -

vripa- (cf. v. 419).

:

465.
468.

irplv yi ti irv8r0ai

'

before I in any wise learn

:
'

of.'

Notice each of the successive participles arvxOeis, rap&riaas, vofoas explains, by giving the cause, the participle which precedes it.

kXiv0t] irpbs koXitov

shrank back upon the breast.'

how

470.

8civ6v

adverbial, as in
:

337.

473. 474. 477. 478.

ira|x4>av6(i>o-av
irfjXc
:

(1 aor.
:

Tpcr<riv

&Se

refers

it was made of bronze. from vd\\a>) 'tossed,' 'dandled.' for dat. see on B 483. back to &>% koI 4yd vtp dvdo-tmv should be
'

gleaming,' for

3 sing,

order to exactly correspond with ayadSv. 480. dviovTa agrees with an avr6v to be supplied as object of diroi, which has a peculiar meaning with its personal object ' may some one
avda-a-ovra, in
:

from the conflict.' KT)co8'i: 483. 'fragrant,' from the odorous substances which were placed in the boxes in which garments were kept. In T 372 the same
hereafter say of
as he returns

him

epithet

is

applied to Bi\ap.os.

484.
'

8a.Kpv<Scv Y\do-ao-a:

'laughing through her

tears.'

ikii]<ri

was seized by compassion,'

486.
ao
:

aor.

marks the entrance

into a state.

'

I pray,' ethical dat.

ILIAD
487.
489.
irpoidt|/ci
:

VI.

3OI

see

on
'

3.
:

tA irpwra once for all.' rd <r avrtjs [owrTJs] Kpva i.e. weaving and spinning, for the preparing and serving of food was done by the men. With this verse
ov84 fUv
[nv>']
'

nor yet in truth.'

:

490.

tells us, Brutus sought to turn aside the anxious inquiries of Portia as to what he had upon his mind, just before the assassination of

Plutarch

Caesar.
492.
Ip-yov ^irofxr0ai
:

'

to ply their task' (see on

:

A
'

31).

493.

toI [ol] 'IX^* ty^rydcuriv

supply antecedent,
his head).'
force,
.

(of those)

who

are

born

in Ilium.'

494.

ciXero

'

seized (and put

upon

496.
about,'
cf.

4n-poiraXij;o(iVT]

has

frequentative
. .

'turning frequently

and 'bursting
75ov

into tears' (6u\fpbv

xtovaa)

OoXcpdv

is adj.,

rtptv Kara Sdicpv x*ow<*,

499.
(vup<rtv
'

142.
i.e.

she aroused a lament,'

by her appearance

(/caTo

haKpv x*ovffa,
y ov

v. 496).
:

500.
501. 504.

[tyW]
:

unusual form of

ipf.

from yoda.

&j>avro

see on

28.

iroiictXa

x.oXkw
1

see on

226.

505.

<TvaT*

aor. without

tense-sign, after the analogy of liquid

verbs (Sketch of Dialect, 20, 3), not different in meaning from more

The points of similarity between Paris and the stallion are the exuberance of spirits which comes from youth, beauty, high feeding, and the utter lack of sober sense.
freq. plupf. or 2 aor. toavro.

507.

0t| [Oft)]

pres. subj.
:

from

dew.

508
ivpl>t-f\s).

euppeios

[ivpfteovs]
:

irregular

contraction from
6.

tvp'p'ttos

(nom.

iroTttpxjv

for gen. see

on E
405.

509.
510.

kvSiowv
6 8
:

cf.

kvSh yaiwv,

the pron. lacks a verb, an abrupt change of construction

(anacoluthon) commencing in the next verse.

construction

Perhaps the break

in the

may
:

suggest the sudden starts and rapid movements of the

horse at large.
512. 514.
battle
is

Cf. a similar
'

anacoluthon
{cf.

in

136.

Kcvrd

down from
:

'

44).

tcavxaXdtov

'

loudly exulting.'

Paris's

mien as he goes
triyri

into

like that of the

9, is in

Trojans with which the Xaav

fiivta irvelovTts

Axcuol,
515.

r
fl

contrast.

6dpic

YwvaiK '

'was holding fond discourse with his

wife.'

The
from

poss. pron.
its

is

here, as frequently, separated by an intervening

word

noun

{cf

72, 333).

518.

Paris supposes that Hector had stopped only because delayed by

him, and would apologize.

After

i<r<rvfitvov,

which

is

concessive,

we

might have had

519.

irep.
:

lvaL<r\.\iov

adv.,

'

at the

proper time.'
ijdftt,

520.

Hector sees from the affectionate word of address,

that

302

NOTES.
follg.,

Paris has felt the taunts uttered v. 326

and purposes to play the

hero, and his answer contains recognition of his courage, with blame for
his indecision and complaint at the abuse which his conduct has occasioned and which he (Hector) has been obliged to hear. vaicn.[ios [iirieticns, utrpios]: 'fair8ai|>vw: 'strange man.' 521.

minded.'
522.
tle.'

?p"yov

dtTi|i^<ri

ptXT5

'

would disparage your exploits

:

in bat-

523.

|tf0ieis [/xeOlris]
'

oiic cdcXcis

'

art undecided.'
icrjp.

to

probably
the next

adv. ace,
524.
verse.

therefore,' rather than article with

<riQev
:

imlp

differs little

in

meaning from

tiveica <re7o in

526.
362).

df><r<r6|i0a

'

we

will

make up

these things

(t<)

hereafter

'

(cf.

527. 528.

0ots

dat. of

advantage with

ar-fi<ra<rOai,

'

set apart for the gods.'

KpnTfjpa tXtvOtpov:

abridged expression meaning 'a bowl of

thanksgiving for freedom.'

529.
t\dcra.vTas
:

agrees with

ifxas

which

is

easily supplied as subj. of

trrriffaffOai.

APPENDIX.

ILIAD

I.-VI.

ARRANGED FOR RAPID READING.

Retzlaff's

The
difficult

following scheme from

Vorschule zu

Homer
more

exhibits the contents of

Books

I.-VI., so disposed that the

passages and those of special interest are longest dwelt

upon.

While

it

is

not supposed that teachers will care to

make
it is

this particular table

an inflexible rule for their

it

own

practice,

yet believed that they will find

lent

suggestive and useful.

An

excel-

way of developing

in scholars facility in translation is to devote

a few minutes at the close of the recitation to reading "at sight"

a part of the lesson for the next day

the length of which lesson

may

be subsequently fixed according to the amount passed over in

class.

The danger which must be

is lest

carefully
fail

guarded against

in all

such experiments

the pupil

subsequently to bestow the

proper labor upon what he has skimmed over in class.

It is mortifying to a teacher to make the discovery, after a class has read " at sight " a page or more of text, and has accomplished
it

with apparent pleasure and interest, that the average boy

is

a matter of experience, reveals the difficulty of keeping the attention of each scholar intently fixed throughout the exercise on the pasfact,
is

unable to translate the whole connectedly.

This

which

sages which others than himself are called upon to translate.

also discloses the truth that such an exercise adds
little to

It

the pupil's

knowledge, and is valuable only as increasing his facility in combining and using knowledge which he already possesses. Here as elsewhere the principle holds good that what is lightly and easily
acquired
is little valued and quickly lost; and all exercises in extemporaneous translation must be regarded chiefly as an entertainment, and should not be confounded with serious work.

304
Slowly.

APPENDIX

A.

APPENDIX

B.

305

b:

EXPLANATION OF THE FACSIMILE.

The
forms of the letters, as a rule, are very regular and easy to The forms of /3 (see tfiaiv, v. 311), X (see aXXot, v. 308),

decipher.

v (see Z<pav, v. 302), are

somewhat

peculiar.

<r

has the same form,

whether in the middle or at the end of a word. There are frequent i. e. of two or more letters united closely examples of ligatures, together, as we join letters in writing; but this union of letters does not involve the loss of any part of any letter, and the ligatures do not become mere arbitrary signs, difficult to decipher, such as we find in later and less valuable manuscripts.

The handwriting of the

seems
later

to

text and of the major part of the scholia be of the same person; only the very brief scholia, written

irregularly close to the

Greek

text,

appear to be by another and

hand.
at least of the critical

Two
Ka6apa,

marks of the Alexandrian gramma-

rians appear in the facsimile.

a character which resembles a capital Y lying horizontally, and the with what ordinarily upper part turned to the
is

They

are the

StTrXj),

also called hnzkr\

its

left,

8i7tXj) TreptfoTiyfitinj,

or

'

dotted DipleV

These two marks are found

opposite vv. 305 and 325. The forms of the breathings will attract attention.
of capital

The

first

half

(eta) indicates the

rough breathing
is

the other half,

the smooth.

See G.

4,

n. 2.
t

The
Tepwi,

subscript does not occur, but the

always, as in o7nro-

v.

309, written after the first vowel of the improper diph-

thong.

We

notice a curious use of the diaeresis in v. 305 (nporl 'iXtov),

to signify the separation of preposition

indicate any great familiarity with the

and noun, which would not Greek language in any one

who had need

of such help.

On

the next two pages a

number

of the scholia of this facsimile

are given, printed in ordinary Greek type.

identified

They

will easily

be

on comparison with the facsimile, as their position in reference to the Greek text is the same.

306

APPENDIX

B.

IAIAA02 T 302-326.
*Os

c<f>av,

oi&'

apa mo

cr<piv

eVeKpaiatve Kpoviwv.

TOttri 8e

AaphaviSrjs Ilpiapos peTa p.v6ov ecMrc

cv/cvTy/uSes 'A^atoi*

KckAvtc pev, Tpwes koI

1}

toi eyaiv eipi TrpoTi "IAiov T)vepdeo-o-av

* nAwcS* irt

tV

ayV,

cVci ou TTw

TXrjcrofjL

ev 6<p6a\p.6i<Tiv opaxrdai
aprfi<pi\ip

papvdpcvov <piAov vlbv

McvcAaa)'

Zeus pev ttov to yc oiSe Kai d0dvaTOi 6eol aAAot,

OTnrorepio Oavdroio tc\os 7re7rpiop.vov m'v.

pa, Kai es hi<ppov apvas 0eVo urdflcos $ws,

e/?aiv'

av 6 dp'

avrds> Kara

o^ i^via

tcivcv oiricram'

irap 8e oi 'Avrrjvtop 7rcpiKaAAea /3t/o-cto Si<ppov.

TO)

pev ap'

d\f/oppoi TrpoTi "IAiov aTroveoiTO

E/cTiop 8c Ilpidpoio

Wis

Kai oTos 'OSuo'cevs

X&pov pev irpwTOv Sicperpeov, avrap rTa

KArjpovs ev Kvverj ^aAjojpct ttoAAov cAovtcs,

67nroTcpos on irpcxrOtv
aot X\
iiiO

a<f>eC-n

vaAxcov eyyos.
>

Wvarai al
cravTO

o rjprj(ravTo}
OC TIS

zi ucokti
>

C17TCO-KCV

AvUltoV T TpUMOV TC.

oe ^eipas

avco^ov
/

0hs

;j X 'P avi<T\ov kcX * '*< a^l

TOU
ovrl toC ZA'lJf fMA"*".

KOU.

Zeu

iraTcp,

J8r/#ev

pe8eW, kvSiotc peyiorc,

T
tpb ^oVov"'
ini

67nrdTepos TaSe epya

pe/

ap.<porcpouTiv ZOtjkc,
eto-a),

rbv 80s
rjp.Lv

a.Tro<f>6ip.vov

Svvax Bo/jLov "Ai'Sos

o av (piAorrjTa Kai opxia mcrra yevtavai.

ffo-w,
to

lis

ap

AAi'irei
/

e<av, 7roL\Xev Se

peyas Kopv&u'oAos "Ektwo pic

'
'

umtlit,

k'ov

to

rtlw-ty
pit tou

opocov

naptos Se ^o^s Ik kX^os

Kara (rn^ag,
\
/

opovo-ev.

to

A 01 pev
*

\#/iy eireta 140VT0

^aaJ^,
koiv'ov coral

ij\i

CKaora)

T b 6dt.
'Api<r.

17T7TOI

dcpcri7T08eS Kai TTOUilXxt

TeuW

CXelrO *

Kara
cxa-

y*vi.KT\v

PX

o-tov.

APPENDIX

B.

307

r)

pa Kal

es

8i<pov

to,

yap
01

cv 8c

6p*ois
cvoi

<r<pa6p.cva
6aXdcra~r}'
<os
tj

01

pcv

eyxwptoi
a7ro(/)pci

Kp\rnTov

tq

y$,

8eicuv

toIs cV dcrrci 7rioToxrop.cvos Ka/ceivois

77

dyvooiWas
yap

oi8a(dv

Ta yap 0eois

d7rA.u>s

dvopeva

rjcrOtov.

rpfovvro

uxnrep

(nxrcriTtiaOai tois

Btois.

'Axf/oppoi

SiarC j(<opt^CTai
vtpovs
01

Ilpiapos

xai
Trj<s

01

pcv

^>a<riv
tt)v

on

iva

d<p

Kpciacrov
"va

Ocwpyo-rj

airo

ttoXcws
8c

povo'Oprj-

p.a\Cav

8c

puXd^jy

Ta

tc/^i;*
1

dAAoi

t^v

pucqv \v(Tiv irpoto^ovTai to

oirep

ov7ra) Tk^crop.

6<f>da\p.oi<nv

bpaadai'

dpavov.

TIpidpoLO 7rdi9

Hoptpvptos cv tois 7rapaAcAcipcvois

<f>r)<rlv

on

tov "E/cropa 'AttoAAwvo? viov TrapaStSaKTiv *I/?vkos, *AA.cav8pos,

Ev<popiwv,
AvKo<ppa>v.

va>pov

p.ev

irpwrov

dvayKaiu>s

Sitp-crpow
p?)

irav

to
81a

x<apiov
TtoV

cv

w ^pcAAov p-ovopa^anv
vacrjOhrra
vcvifojo^ai,

wore
*cal

p,ovov

tov

oVAwV

dAAd
*cai

tov
Tuiv

d7ro\ci7rovTa

to

diro8c8y8c
<pao"iv

pevov

vwpi'ov,
pr)

aKnrcp
7rpos

C7ri

apXT/TtuV

aAAoi

on
cv

iva

Ta

cavraiv

ir\rj$r]

xwpurdwcrw,

dAA

itxnrcp

elpKTrj

tq

irepiypa<f>jj

pcvaxrtv.

GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES FOR BOOK FIRST OF THE ILIAD.

Line.

GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES.
Line.

309

3io

GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES.

Line.

GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES.
Link.

311

312

GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES.

Line.

GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES.
Link.

313

3H
Line.

GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES.

GRAMMATICAL REFERENCES.
Link.

315

GENERAL INDEX.
The
The
printing of a reference in full-faced type indicates that in that place the subject
is

referred to

most

fully treated.

references are to be understood as illustrative only, not as exhaustive, upon the

various heads cited.

Absolute comparative, B 440, A 64.

Accusative, of limit of motion, without preposition, A 240,317, 322,
497,

291.

Accusative, of thing, retained in

passive,

149.

formed with tense-sign <r from liquid stem, A 136. Aorist, of mixed formation, r 103, 120, 250, Z 53. Aorist, Gnomic, A 218, r 4, 33, A 75, 143. 160, 279, 455, E 92, 139,
Aorist,
5 2 3. 599. 902-

Acephalous verse, r 357,

135.

Adjective, equivalent to poss. gen.,

Aorist,
256,

reduplicated
590,

2d,

100,

20, 54,

180, 446.

86, 355,

127,293,

Adjective, of two endings instead

of three,

3,

269, 776.

397. E 69, 504, Z 12, 50. Aorist, syncopated 2d,

519.

449,

Adjective,

translated

adverbially,

A
T

7,

39. 5 2 , 77. 424, 543. 124, E 19, Z 249.

4&,

Aorist, of entrance
330,

into state,

33 1 ! r 2 59. 398, E 422, z

Adverb,

in predicate instead of ad-

jective,

416,

323,

r 95,

A 466,

484. Aorist, of single act,

118, 199,

131.

98.

Aegis, B 448, Aethiopians,

Alliteration,

E 738

follg.

A 423. A 99.
in honorable,

Ambuscade, service

227.

sometimes translated by A 158, 207, A 246, 248. Apocope, A 305, 593, 606, B 160, 426, 549, A 11, Z 201. Apodosis omitted, A 232.
Aorist,
perfect,

Anacoluthon, B 353, E 135, Z 478,

510.

Aposiopesis, A 136, 580. Apposition, of part(s) with whole,

Anapaestic rhythm, A 204, E 745. Anastrophe, A 162, B 91, Z 331. Anastrophe, forborne when word
intervenes,

150, 362,

171, 259, 452,

35,

88,338, A 350, 461, Z 117. Apposition, of whole with part(s),

505.

r 211, Z

149.

Anastrophe, forborne when vowel

of prep,
48, 507,
is

Article, as demonstrative pronoun,

elided,

350,

A 97.

Anthropomorphism, A

533, 564,

A
of

A 9, 73. 125,340,382,493. Article, as relative pronoun,

12 5- 336Article, frequently wanting, 214.

A 36

Z 135. Aorist, formed after analogy liquid verbs, A 40, Z 505.

53,

GENERAL INDEX.
Assertion, with different degrees of
positiveness,

317

137, 175, 205, 262,

Dative limiting verb, instead of gen. limiting noun, A 188, 200,

229.
-a>,

195, 348,

24, 219, 331.

Assimilation, in verbs in
104,

31,

Dative of place without preposition,

B92,

337,

1, 9,

201.

Assimilation, of consonants,

593,

10,

A A

24,

107,

132, 482,

210,

302, 443,

78.

606, B 160, 426, 549. Asyndeton, r 250, E 746. Attraction, A 260, r 124. Attraction, inverse, Z 396. Attraction, by predicate noun, 239, B 5, 73.

Deformity, physical and moral associated,

216.
article.

Demonstrative use of
Article.

See

Demonstrative instead of relative in second of two coordinate

clauses.

Augment, omitted, A
Bow, stringing
Chief
33-

4, 54.

79, 95, 162.

Dodona, the modern Jannina, B

of described,

750.

112.

Dog

despised,

159, 225.

arms

himself,

42-46, r

Elision, forborne because of orig.

initial

consonant,

230, 275, 515,

Chief fights not

riot,

in,

but near cha18,

292,

1.

10S.

Elision, permitted

when impossible

Chief holds two spears, r

3S0,

338,

in prose,

117, 2S3.

E 495.
portion
dVjp

Elision, with loss of accent,

210.

Commander-in-chief's
spoil,

of

Elision, with recession of accent to

167.

Cloud-gates, separate

and

ald^p,

preceding syllable, A 107. Enallage (change of order of words),

751.

554-

Comparative, absolute. See Absolute comparative. Comparative, from noun-stem,

B 671. Epithets, habitual or conventional,

Epanalepsis,

A 308, 316, B 164, E 375. Euphemism, A 576, E 567, 574.

Fillets,
14.

Comparison, abridged,
Condition, general.
condition.

163,

238.

See General

what

and how worn,

Condition, posterior,

67, 207, 408,

Final clause, instead of infinitive,

Z96.
Construct praegttans, A
113, 405,
6,

A
197,

133,

465,

E 690, Z 361.
in as-

Five grades of positiveness

sertion.

514.

See Assertion.

Conventional verse, r 95, E 84. Conventional word or phrase, A 202, 212, 297, B78, Z 171. Conventional or habitual epithet. See Epithet. Courtesy, Z 176.

Flesh of victims, slain in ratifying oath, not eaten, r 310. Fulness of expression (Parallelism),

A
101,

57, 88, 513,

2,

170,

Future-perfect,
future,

B 276, 352, E 267, 527, 665. as more emphatic

139.

Dative of advantage after word of

ruling,

A A

71, 180, 231.

General condition, of present time,

Dative of adv. (or disadv.), instead

of gen.,
67, 161, 342.

A
E

510, 524.

228,

294, 475,

270,

3i8
General condition, of

GENERAL INDEX.
past time,

Lengthening of
before liquid,

final

short vowel,

188, 198,

216.

233, 394,

239.

Genitive, after superlative,

505.

Genitive, of agent with verbs equivalent to passives, A 242, A 498,

Lengthening of final short vowel, because of orig. initial consonant,

A
Z

51, 75, 416, 437,

222,

73-

A
E
6, 222,
2.

27,

157.

Genitive, quasi-partitive,
289,

Libations,
295-

how made, A
220, 278, 536,

470-1,

Genitive, with adverbs of

place,

Litotes,

T 341, 416, 424, E 849. Gnomic aorist. See aorist. Gods, cheered by savor of sacrifice,
230, 500,

168, 498,
hair, of

Long

B 166, 807, E 18, 407, 441, Z 444. Greek warriors, B 11,

T43-

66.

Loom, A

31.

Grasshoppers, old men's voices compared with chirping of, r 151.

Messages delivered verbatim,

oratio obliqua,

no

B 60-70.

Habitual epithets. See Epithets. Hendiadys. See Fulness of expression.

Metathesis quantitatis,

1,

138, 193,

Heralds, under protection of Zeus,

A334Hiatus, apparent,

T 272. Metonymy, A 30, B 108, 381, 387, 426, T75, 113, E 326, Z 152. Middle voice with meaning of ac226,
tive,

A
4.

4,

409,

532,

56, 198, 203.

1st aor.,

B38,

154, 164,

Mood-sign of
251.

Hysteron-proteron,

Imperfect, of attempted action,

378,

shortened in See Shortening. Muse, inspirer of epic song, not known in Homer, as one of nine
subjunctive.
sisters,

318,

162.

Infinitive, as imperative,

1.

20, 582,

606,

150.

Infinitive

of

purpose (with asso-

ciated idea of result),

443,

Negation, signified by tossing up the head, A 514.

5,

347,

107, 477,

511,

Nominative for vocative, A 231,

366,

403. 785.

228, 463.

Invocation of Gods, B 412, r 276. Iterative forms, A 490, B 189, r 217. Ivory, stained a red color, A 141.

Okeanos, Olympus,
gods,

423,

5.

in Thessaly,

home

of the

King, his descent from Zeus,

176.

44, 420. Omniscience of gods implied,

A 365.
209,

Onomatopoeia, A
'

34, 49,

King, his divine prerogative, B 103,

205, Z 193. Knees, seat of strength, r 421, E 176, Z 27.
34, A 314,

2 5-

Optative, conditional, r 299,

A A
B B

542,

E311.
Optative, in oratio obliqua,
191,

B
Language, of

794.

T 317-

men and
final

of gods,

Optative, of desire,

A
18,

18, 42,

260,

403,

813.

T
short vowel,
226,
153,

74, 102, 256,

Z 164, 281.
250,

Lengthening of

Optative, potential, A 64, 100,

.by ictus, A 45, E 371, Z 240.

39,

T 52, 235, A 93, E Oxymoron, A 43.

303, 456.

GENERAL INDEX.
Palaces of the gods, Hephaistos's
Sacrifice,
ritual
of,

319
A
458-468, r

work,

426,

2.

274, 318.

Parallelism.

See Fulness of ex-

Sailors sleep Shield,

pression.
Parasitic letter,

on shore, A 476. devices on, prototypes of

coats-of-arms,

491,

130, 32S.

modern
Ship,

182.

Parataxis,
453,

5, 10,

29, 22S, 259, 326,

how managed, A
A
141, 444,

433-436.
in

B 26, 197, 301, T 61, E 178, Z 14S. 151, 256, 458. Paronomasia, A 406, B 325, Z 398. Patronymics, A 1, in, 188, 307,

Shortening of
subj.

mood-sign r 409,

aor.

352,

E 469,

747-

Shortening of vowel or diphthong

in thesis,

4SS.

156,

A
A

109.

Pelasgians,

843.
of,

Simplicity and straightforwardness

People, hard lot

ent, 134,

80.

in

Homer, A

91,

405.

Perfects often translated by pres-

Singular, in collective sense,

382,

A
E

37,

173, 221, 278,

15,

22S, 878.

Spondaic verses, A n, 74, 157, 216. Spondees, effect produced by, A

388, 439-

Periphrasis,

3S7,

105,

386,

E 781.
'

Subjunctive, as
'

fut.

indie,

137,

Nick-name,' A 3S5. Plural, used for singular, A 14, 45,

Pet-' or

182,

r 417,

167.

E97.
Polysyndeton, r 35, 116. Possessions of gods, often of gold,

Subjunctive, conditional, r 354. Subjunctive, deliberative, A 150,

2,

A A

15,

E E

33.

Subjunctive,
166,

final,

32,

195,

611, r 64,

3.

486,

Posterior

conditions.

See

Con-

Subjunctive,

233. hortative,

26,

62,

dition, posterior.

283,

Z 340.

Prayer, attitude Prayer,

in,

audibly

A 450, r 275. uttered, A 450,

Sudden death, accomplished

Artemis's arrows, Z 428. Superlative, double, A 105,
220.

by
57,

Z 304.
Prayers, in Horn,

poems compared,

115.

Superlative, from
285.

noun theme, B
(touching
274, 300. 131, 277, 340,

Prepositions as adverbs (their original use), r 34, 115,

46,

320.

Suppliant
chin),

gesture
501.
acts,
1,

the

Present used with adv.

of time

where the
in English,

perf.

would be used
See

Symbolical
Synizesis,

553.

15,

Primitive style and thought.

Simplicity.

225.

Prolepsis,

536,
6.

409, T 192,

85.

Three designations of Greeks,

87.

Pygmies, r
Quantity,

Tmesis,
variation

25, 195, 572,

39, 160,

of,

in

same

word,

549-

77in use before

14,

21,

381,

441,

Trumpets not
Types

Troy

31.

hence voice important, B 408.

of artistic representation of
deities

Reduplicated form with intensive

force,

various

already

devel-

600,

392.
93.

Rumor, Aibs HyyeKos, B

oped in time of Horn. Poems, B 479.

320
Unmixed wine used
tions,

GENERAL INDEX.
in

solemn

liba-

Weaving and
'

spinning,

women's

341,

T 270.
in presence

Veil,

worn by women
men, r
141.

work, Z 490. Winged' words, A 201. Women reckoned as slaves, among

possessions,

of

426.

Warfare,
162.

its

character,

A A

367,

Zephyros, not a

gentle wind in
133,

Washing,
457-

after plague,

313.

Homer, B 147, A 2. Zeugma, r 73, 79, 327, A

654.

356,

Water-carrying, women's work, Z

Wealth,

in cattle,
in

154,

449.

Zeus, his supremacy, r 30S. Zeus, dwells on mountain tops, r

276.

Weaving

Homer.

See Loom.

GREEK INDEX.
&.yav, with eKar6fj.$r]v,

&Y7XtT]s
oXkt|,

= &yye\os,
A
B
245.
19.

99, 431.

Uiirev,
Ifjos,
cl

A
A

253.

206.

393.

45,

S' d-y,

302,

524

dp.a0os and \J/dp.a0os,

dp.Bpdo-ios,

587.

tt

K,

with opt.,

60.

eio-u),

A
fj,

71,

460.

dfKiSojiai,
dat.

with

dat.

or
'

without
answer,'

eirtl

two ways of pronouncing,

excffi,

translated

156, 169.

A
.

121.

?irw, iro|j.ai,

166,

Z 321.
See

dp.vfi.uv,

of externals alone,

92,
F,

E9
dvru,

words beginning with.

p. xxxiii.

"

dp4ryvT|is,

607.

dfKfSiKvn-eXXov,

5S4,

220.
<i, *i,

26 J.

46.

dpa,

46, 56, 236, 330,

38, 419,
8,

T374 avrdp (ara'p), A 50, 166, T iiS. avTds, almost always emphatic, A 4,47,112,270,33s, T66, A 237,
2S7,
avru>s,

verb-formation

in,

219,

231,

E
tepds,

147-

366.

E 396. A 133,
Bids,

fov, Ids, fos,

94,

422.

520,

Z 400.
Kai, untranslatable in Engl.,

A
B

249, 260,

Bios

and

49.

406.

KaXc'ovrai
y'4>vpai

(nearly) UK,

iroXtjioio,

37 1.
kc,

34--

with subj. in

final

clause,

A
50,

Saifio'vios,

561,

190,

31,

Z 326,407, 521. 8^ in apodosi, A 5S, 137,

Srj,

3-; KtXtvu),

with dat. of person,

42S, Z 324. tajp, A 22S.
Kpdi-os,

194, 324.

T
icVjp

259,

61,

no,

266.

8^-, A
I

33, 555,

242.

tcpdrds

and and

530.

prefixed, to facilitate pronunciation,

jieXav v"8o>p,

to
F,

word

orig.

beginning
22.

\Uv

jit|v,

B 825. A 77,

163,

267, 273,

with

306, 309,

203.

322
|Td with dat.
516,
fxeTd,

GREEK INDEX.

4v with dat.,

A 252,
222,

irptv,

adv. of time, not conjunction,

29, 97,

344.

A
'

114.

with

ace,

after/
221.

A
A

irToXiiropOos,

278.

A 70, 292, E 21. |uv= avTo, A 237, Z

(ifa-pr)

pa.
137,
o-vv

See &pa.
with dat.

(also (wfiaznd ^axrrrip),

187, 214,
<xv8t|,

857.

= iv with
216.

dat.,

170,

epithet of Demeter,
'

B74.
500.
o-qSw'Ctepov,

8ti,

because,'

'

that,'

120,
T,

244, 518,

E331.

without connecting force,

'

81,

otos, oios, olds (otos),

Ofxtos, 6(X(is,

486.

82, 86, 218, 279,

tis,

209.

many a

one,'

B B

289,

271,

T T

12.

353.

8s,

fj,

8v, poss. adj.,

72, 205, 307,

vrrd,

A
ov,

294,

E A

328,
160.

516.
in

with dat. of agent,

313,

714,

apparently used
289,

protasis,

E
-<j>u,

Z 453.

oiil -yap ovSi,

otfrot.

703,

22,

130.

orig.

meaning of
20,
103.
98,

suffix,

37.

and
'

oStoi,

A
of,'

298.

pXos,

A A

345,

447,

491,

Z 224.
was,
52.
irep, orig.

all

kinds

823,

11,

qSpeves,

meaning,

A
A

131, 275, 352,

165.

xj/vxij,

meaning
w,
&s,

in

Homer, A

3.

508, 586,
7r6A.efj.os,
'

201.

combat,'

& and
s,
<5>s,

irop4>vpos,

A 482.

A 254, B 372. A 33, 116, T

159.

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SELECTIONS FROM LUCIAN.

With Introductions and Notes by Charles R. Williams, A.M., Professor of the Greek Language and Literature in Lake Forest University.
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XENOPHOJN'S MEMORABILIA.
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