5 Forgotten Revolutions That Created The Modern World | Cracked.

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12/27/13 2:18 PM

5 Forgotten Revolutions That Created The Modern World

When it comes to revolutions, we're quick to remember the big ones -- the American, the French, the Bolshevik and the one that accompanies Prince when he tours. What you probably hadn't realized is that we may never have had "Darling Nikki" if it hadn't been for some world-changing movements everyone promptly forgot about. Such as ... 5. The Taiping Rebellion

Although virtually unknown in the West, the Taiping Rebellion took place at around the same time as the American Civil War and remains one of the largest, most devastating wars in human history. More than 20 million people died -- 20 times as many as the American Civil War -- and it may have involved more soldiers than the Napoleonic Wars and it was started by one charismatic crazy guy who convinced millions of people he was related to Jesus. Yet it still doesn't get as much respect as the Battle of Hoth.

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Which, it should be noted, happened years before the Taiping Rebellion. It all started when a rejected civil servant in China decided what his country really needed was a clean break from Buddhism, Confucianism and sanity. So in 1844, Hong Xiuquan invented his own sect of Christianity by declaring himself the little brother of Jesus Christ. This gained him the loyalty of 30 million followers, who took on a dynasty that was over 250 years old.

His hat would have had to be at least twice that height for there to be any hope of
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victory. The only equivalent we can imagine would be if those Hale-Bopp guys convinced the entire state of California to join the club and they stormed Washington, D.C. The cult army lost, of course, which is why we aren't discussing U.S./Heavenly Kingdom trade relations today. But the rebellion took the Qing Dynasty 34 years to completely defeat, and directly led to the version of China currently limbering up to kick the West's ass in the 21st Century.

Depending on who you ask, Hong looked like either a total dweeb or a character from Dynasty Warriors. The World-Changer The problem was that the Qing Dynasty were so far over their heads with the rebels (not to mention several copycat rebellions) that they had to appeal to Britain and France for help, which they were thrilled to provide because it was the 1800s and the West was all up on that imperialism shit. While helping the Qing defeat the rebels, the British Empire and France also helped themselves to whatever they liked along the way by launching the Second Opium War against the Chinese.

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Portsmouth Peace Treaty.com By the time the 20th century rolled into town, the previously stable Qing Dynasty was overthrown for good, China was as divvied up as a nerd's candy the day after Halloween and a second civil war between the nationalists and the communists was brewing. Guess who won that one?

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"But it'll be smooth sailing for China from now on, guys. Trust me on this." 4. Arminius' Unsuccessful Attempt to Unify Germania

For those of you unfamiliar with the Germanian barbarian Arminius, think of Arnold Schwarzenegger's Conan the Barbarian, but picture him fathering nations instead of scandals.

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Within that nugget pouch is Western history. Nineteen hundred years before anyone had ever heard of the Nazis, or their leader Voldemort Von Tiny-stache, Germanic tribes welcomed another charismatic, nationally minded Germanophile into their loving arms. Unlike Hitler, Arminius wasn't just some Austrian with a dream and a Michael Jordan mustache. As a child he was handed over to the Romans, trained in the Roman military and eventually made a Roman commander, citizen and noble, all of which made him hate Rome and rendered any "Don't knock it until you try it" rejoinders moot. After Rome unwittingly trained him into a living, fire-breathing super weapon, Arminius led a campaign to unite the Germanic tribes against their Roman enemies, a conflict you might remember from the opening scene of Gladiator. And he might have gotten away with it, too, if not for those meddling, excellently armed, better trained and more numerous Italians.

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The Romans had Russell Crowe on their side. We're not sure who actually benefited from that. The Romans, as you may have heard, were really into territorial expansion, which wasn't too cool with Arminius when the expansion was in his own backyard. Sometime in the year A.D. 8, however, Rome got a taste for German soil and decided Arminius' backyard was exactly what they wanted. Noticing that he was highly trained in Roman warfare and possessed the loyalty of thousands of other Germans, Arminius staged a rebellion that gave new meaning to the phrase "won the battle but lost the war." During the Battle of Teutoberg Forest Arminius completely ambushed -- and subsequently massacred -20,000 men, or 10 percent of the entire imperial army. That was the good news. The bad news for Arminius was that Roman retaliation was slow but brutal, and rival members of his own tribe eventually murdered him themselves.

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On the plus side, a few centuries later he's remembered as a Warhammer figurine. The World-Changer Arminius may have failed at his ultimate goal of uniting German tribes into one uber reich, but his victory was so savage that Rome was too traumatized to ever attempt expanding in the German neighborhood again. EVER. The whupping at the Battle of Teutoberg was so horrific that the Roman Emperor at the time, Augustus, turned into a first century emo. He stopped shaving, let his hair grow out and began knocking his head against door posts while whining about his lost legions. The only things missing were skinny jeans, guyliner and threats of running away if he didn't get his own room already.

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"Seriously Marc. We've been living together for years and I don't want to sleep on the couch anymore." Even more important than one guy's descent into Whinyville, the defeat at Teutoberg triggered a complete shift in military strategy for the Roman Empire. For the next 400 years, Rome remained on their side of the invisible line between their empire and the Germanic regions. One historian speculated that had Rome won that single battle, Germans would be speaking a Romance language, the Thirty Years' War might never have occurred and the long, bitter conflict between the French and the Germans might never have taken place.

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Getty Thousands of hipsters would ironically wear "The Chaplin." No Germany as we know it, in other words. Period. In short, not only did Arminius successfully deny Rome the opportunity to expand as far east as Moscow, he established the Rhine as the de-facto German border for -- checking our calendar -- the next 2,000 years. And counting. And the kicker? Everyone in the universe, including Germany, forgot the battle ever took place for over 1,000 years, and no one even knows Arminius' real name to this day.

Getty "For the purpose of this lecture, we'll call him 'Superkraut.' "

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3. The Haitian Revolution

In August 1791, 465,000 slaves in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (later called Haiti) successfully overthrew the 30,000 whites in the area. So naturally an up-andcoming Napoleon Bonaparte dispatched his brother-in-law Charles Leclerc with an expeditionary force to put the slaves back to work. However, two-thirds of the expeditionary force, including Leclerc himself, were wiped out by yellow fever and the military stylings of Toussaint L'Ouverture. On November 28, 1803, the French surrendered and Haiti was declared a republic: the second of its kind in the Western Hemisphere.

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Getty Way to be posers, Haiti. The World-Changer The Haitian Revolution didn't just change the world of human rights or bolster democracy in North America-- it also forced Bonaparte to sell the Louisiana Territory to America, thereby scrapping his plans for a United States of Napoleon. To understand the Little Corporal's ultimate scheme for North American infiltration, you need some background. In 1697, Haiti was called Saint-Domingue and was one third of the island of Hispaniola. France owned Saint-Domingue, and Spain owned the rest, a proto-Dominican Republic.

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David Rumsey Map Collection One hundred years later, France didn't just own this little slice of Caribbean heaven off the coast of Cuba; she also owned 828,000 square miles of the interior of the North American continent:

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You certainly couldn't expect a guy like Napoleon Bonaparte to look at a map like this and not see a continent ripe for the taking. Sending French troops to re-establish slavery on Saint-Dominigue was only the first part of the plan, which thankfully fell apart. Had it succeeded, however, phase two was to transfer the bulk of the French army to New Orleans, and phase three was to establish the island as a major sugar and coffee exporter, with Louisiana providing food, lumber and military support. To do that, the French would have to colonize Louisiana, obviously. And if you think anyone in their right mind trusted Napoleon with a foothold in the Americas, you're dead wrong. Thomas Jefferson himself was scared shitless that the man would attack the U.S., but only after getting all of the "gold and silver of Mexico and Peru."

"And all the beer in Texas." But none of that ever happened, thanks to yellow fever and General L'Ouverture. Once Napoleon lost Haiti, he didn't have the financial incentive to hang on to the behemoth that was Louisiana, or the strategic launching point of Haiti from which to start rolling on America. So he sold it. To America. And the rest is le history.

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Getty Things worked out especially well for liquor wholesalers.

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