Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Communicating with the child is essential for promoting effective coping and facilitating nursing care. Special
sensitivity to the child's developmental needs and cognitive ability is necessary. Children are highly sensitive to both
verbal and nonverbal means of communication and internalize their personal interpretations of communicated
messages. They are normally not as likely to share their interpretations unless prompted by an adult, thus placing the
bulk of the responsibility for effective communication on the nurse.
Nursing Diagnoses
Impaired verbal communication related to developmental level, language, physiologic or cultural barriers; Fear or
anxiety related to unmet informational needs about or changes in health status, or threat to self-concept.
Steps Rationale
Assessment
1. Identify nature of the child's diagnosis and prognosis. This information provides a basis for predicting feelings
the child may be experiencing and the type of
information that needs to be communicated.
2. Determine the child's age and developmental level Age and developmental level influence factors such as
(see Table 1, Age-Related Communication Needs). word selection, complexity, and approach. Younger
children are more concrete in their communication,
whereas adolescents can think abstractly.
c. Touch the child (e.g., pat the child on the arm or hand, Special Considerations: Touch must be used
touch his or her shoulder, or hold the infant). judiciously, considering readiness and cultural factors.
d. Handle the child and speak in a gentle and loving
manner.
e. Attend to responses of the child, especially when
performing procedures. Allow enough time for the child
to complete a statement or ask a question.
f. Convey the recognition of the uniqueness and
individuality of the child, e.g., refer to a special
endearing characteristic of the child.
2. Be an empathetic listener. Empathetic listening facilitates establishment of a
trusting relationship.
a. Active listening (e.g., "It sounds like you are An active listener demonstrates interest and concern
concerned that you won't be able to use your hand after about what the listener perceives is important to the
TABLE 1
Age-Related Communication Needs
Developmental Stage Developmental Communication Guidelines
Infants Infants communicate primarily nonverbally and by vocalizing, e.g., crying.
Parents are best able to discriminate differences in meaning of their infant’s cry.
Sounds that were familiar in utero tend to calm the infant, e.g., music or singing.
Gentle touching, cuddling, patting, and light bouncing are comforting to the infant, as
well as a soft, low calm voice.