Turbojet MATLAB Homework Problem

AE 4451 - A
Michael Steinfeld

1. Code Validation
To check I have the correct turbojet cycle analysis, I implemented the equations from class notes and the textbook [1]. To determine how the specific thrust and thrust-specific fuel consumption (TSFC) vary with compressor pressure ratio (Pr,c) it was necessary to perform a complete cycle analysis of the turbojet. The flow of the cycle analysis follows the sequence of station numbers shown in the turbojet schematic in Figure 1 below:

Figure 1: Turbojet Schematic Diagram [2]

Throughout this analysis, the flow is assumed to act as a calorically-perfect gas, and is uniform, steady, and irreversible as appropriate. Equations are generally derived from mass and energy conservation equations, as shown in the textbook and class notes. Given the flight Mach number, ambient pressure, ambient temperature, component adiabatic efficiencies, and specific heat ratios, the analysis begins with the diffuser (stations 1 2):

The flow then passes into the compressor, where it is assumed that both the stagnation temperature and pressure ride as a result of compression. The compression ratio of the compressor is given as Pr,c and is plotted as the dependent variable on all graphs:

The next step in the cycle is the burner, where the compressed air is mixed with fuel and then ignited. It is assumed that the stagnation pressure does not change at this stage; heat addition is the only work process that occurs in this stage:

Where ,

It is noted that the turbine inlet temperature, T04 is a material-limited property. In this problem, we are given T04 between 1500 K and 2000 K; the MATLAB program plots lines for each turbine inlet temperature to show how this property affects engine performance. An explanation of this is found below. Within the turbine, the stagnation temperature and pressure are found as:

The burner pressure ratio (Pr,b) is assumed to be 1 in this analysis. This is an ideal assumption since it suggests that there is no stagnation pressure loss throughout the burn, and heat addition is the only work done. In practice, there is always some degree of pressure loss here, but for simplicity (and considering that no ratio was given in the problem statement) the ideal case is assumed. The user has the ability to change this value if needed. Combining the equations for P04 and T05, an expression for P05, or turbine exit stagnation pressure, is found:

In this section, there is assumed to be no afterburner present. It therefore follows that T06 = T05 and P06 = P05. At this stage, the flow has left the turbine and entered the nozzle, where the exit conditions are found:

Where the flight speed U is defined as,

Using specific thrust, the thrust-specific fuel consumption is found as:

The turbojet cycle analysis is now complete for flight conditions where the afterburner is not selected/ engaged. Using three for loops embedded within each other, MATLAB is directed to create a 3-D matrix for each of the exit velocity (Ue), specific thrust, and TSFC. The purpose of a 3-D matrix is to gather all values to be plotted into a single variable. There are three dimensions required, as explained below and shown in Figure 2: X = compressor pressure ratio; dependent variable to be plotted along the horizontal axis Y = turbine inlet temperature; each given its own plot line on the graph Z = one layer for each of the four flight conditions, hence one per graph

Figure 2: Structure of 3-D Matrix for Plotted Variables

The four plots of specific thrust vs. compressor pressure ratio and TSFC vs. compressor pressure ratio used to validate my program are shown below as Figures 3-6. When comparing the plots with those in the textbook (pp. 174-175), it can be seen that the plots are a close match. The flight conditions used are the same as those in the textbook: (1) static conditions at sea level, (2) Mach 0.85 and 40,000 ft altitude, (3) Mach 2.0 and 60,000ft, and (4) Mach 3.0 and 80,000 ft. The graphs show that specific thrust increases with turbine inlet temperature. Since this temperature limits the burn that occurs in the combustor, it also tends to limit the efficiency of the engine; a hotter burn produces more energy which can be translated into thrust, so as the turbine inlet temperature increases (it is assumed that the burn temperature increases by the same 4

amount), thrust also increases. TSFC follows the same trend but does not increase as quickly as specific thrust, thus proving that the engine becomes more efficient (lower fuel burn for a greater increase in thrust) as T04 increases. It is also seen that at higher Mach numbers (supersonic regime), a low compressor pressure ratio minimizes fuel burn. Conversely, at low Mach numbers (subsonic regime), it is more efficient to have a higher compressor pressure ratio. This is due to the Ram Effect which describes how the turbojet essentially becomes a ramjet in supersonic flight; the captured air is compressed and heated as it passes through the diffuser, which means that the compressor cannot generate as much of a pressure increase, and the burn doesnt provide as much of a heat increase. By definition, the efficiency of the engine decreases as the thrust output thus diminishes.

Figure 3: Thrust and Fuel Consumption at Sea Level, Static Conditions

Figure 4: Thrust and Fuel Consumption at 40,000ft and M=0.85

Figure 5: Thrust and Fuel Consumption at 60,000ft and M=2.0

Figure 6: Thrust and Fuel Consumption at 80,000ft and M=3.0

2.

Afterburner Analysis
To analyze the afterburners effect on a turbojets performance, it is necessary to modify the cycle analysis performed previously. All steps through the turbine section (calculation of P05) remain the same as before, since they are not affected by the afterburner. Within the afterburner section however, there is an additional injection of fuel and a subsequent burn of the exhaust air. This produces additional thrust through heat addition. The afterburner properties (fuel-to-air ratio, T06, P06, and modified exit conditions) are calculated as follows:

Where Pr,ab is the afterburner pressure ratio. For simplicity, the afterburner pressure ratio is assumed to be equivalent to the burner pressure ratio, which is taken as 1 (see previous explanation). With these modifications to the stagnation pressure and temperature leaving the

afterburner, the exit conditions can be re-written to incorporate the fuel flow in the afterburner as follows:

Note the definitions for exit velocity (Ue) and flight velocity (U) are unchanged. The thrustspecific fuel consumption is therefore expressed as:

Essentially, these expressions are the same as before; the only change is to add in the fuel-to-air ratio in the afterburner (fab). The same method to condense the resultant values into 3-D matrices is again employed, and the results plotted for four different flight regimes, with each set of regimes differentiating between an equivalence ratio of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7:

Figure 7: Thrust and Fuel Consumption at Sea Level, Static Conditions, and = 0.3

Figure 8: Thrust and Fuel Consumption at FL400, M = 0.85, and = 0.3

Figure 9: Thrust and Fuel Consumption at FL600, M = 2.0, and = 0.3

Figure 10: Thrust and Fuel Consumption at FL800, M = 3.0, and = 0.3

Figure 11: Thrust and Fuel Consumption at Sea Level, Static Conditions, and = 0.5

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Figure 12: Thrust and Fuel Consumption at FL400, M = 0.85, and = 0.5

Figure 13: Thrust and Fuel Consumption at FL600, M = 2.0, and = 0.5

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Figure 14: Thrust and Fuel Consumption at FL800, M = 3.0, and = 0.5

Figure 15: Thrust and Fuel Consumption at Sea Level, Static Conditions, and = 0.7

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Figure 16: Thrust and Fuel Consumption at FL400, M = 0.85, and = 0.7

Figure 17: Thrust and Fuel Consumption at FL600, M = 2.0, and = 0.7

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Figure 18: Thrust and Fuel Consumption at FL800, M = 3.0, and = 0.7

The purpose of an afterburner is to increase the thrust output of the engine. Unfortunately, an afterburner is not an efficient use of fuel; for cost reasons, it is not advisable to operate the aircraft with the afterburners engaged unless the extra thrust is required (e.g. short-field performance, evasive maneuvers, etc.). Upon analyzing the graphs, it is clear that the equivalence ratio has a direct effect on the thrust output and fuel consumption of the engine. In short, as the equivalence ratio increases, so does the thrust and the amount of fuel consumed. TSFC increases more rapidly than specific thrust, however, so it is evident that an afterburner requires a greater increase in fuel flow per marginal increase in thrust output. For example, at 80,000 ft, Mach 3.0, and T04 = 1700 K, the afterburner-engaged engine produces the following specific thrusts and TSFCs:
Table 1: Equivalence Ratio, Specific Thrust, and TSFC

Equivalence Ratio (ab) 0.3 0.5 0.7

Peak Specific Thrust (kN*sec/kg) 0.6131 0.6223 0.6314

Corresponding TSFC (kg/kN*sec) 0.0702 0.0893 0.1078

NO A/B USED Pk Spec Thrust Corresp TSFC 0.5992 0.0406

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As shown in the table, the specific thrusts and TSFCs are all higher when the afterburner is used than when it is not. TSFCs have a much greater gain than specific thrust when the afterburner is engaged, indicating the inefficiency of using an afterburner. When compared to no afterburner used graphs, the thrust has noticeably increased in all flight regimes (and across all compressor ratios) rather uniformly. TSFC has also increased, but at a much faster rate than specific thrust. In fact, the variation between flight regimes is greater than the variation between equivalence ratios, but this is expected considering the wide range of flight regimes considered in this program. Nevertheless, it should be concluded that it is not financially viable to increase the equivalence ratio much farther beyond 0.7. Doing so would result in a much higher fuel burn without a significant return on thrust output.

3. Ideal Adiabatic Efficiencies

When the adiabatic efficiency of each component is made ideal, the engines TSFC decreases and the specific thrust increases at each flight regime. This is considered the ideal case, since the engine cannot become more efficient. The following table details the changes in peak specific thrust and corresponding TSFC at each of the four flight regimes:
Table 2: Real vs. Ideal Static Thrust (kN*sec/kg) and TSFC (kg/kN*sec)

Prc = 2 T04=1700

Real Ideal % change Prc = 100 T04=1700

Sea Level Static Condition Specific TSFC Thrust 0.6811 0.05059 0.7184 0.04834 5.47 (4.45)

FL 400 M = 0.85 Specific TSFC Thrust 0.6799 0.05272 0.7113 0.05077 4.62 (3.70)

FL 600 M = 2.0 Specific TSFC Thrust 0.7250 0.04125 0.7654 0.04035 5.57 (2.18)

FL 800 M = 3.0 Specific TSFC Thrust 0.5992 0.04055 0.6444 0.03859 7.54 (4.83)

Real Ideal % change

Sea Level Static Condition Specific TSFC Thrust 0.7678 0.01922 1.0250 0.01754 33.50 (8.74)

FL 400 M = 0.85 Specific TSFC Thrust 0.7720 0.02434 0.9442 0.02284 22.31 (6.16)

FL 600 M = 2.0 Specific TSFC Thrust 0.00780 0.6270 0.02327 0.3829 198.33 (38.93)

FL 800 M = 3.0 Specific TSFC Thrust NaN NaN NaN NaN ---

There is definitely an improvement in the ideal turbojet versus the real case. The table above shows some remarkable differences in specific thrust and TSFC, especially at the higher compressor pressure ratios where the turbojet tends to operate (and is the most efficient in the subsonic region). In the aviation industry, a couple percentage points can make the difference between a profit and a loss, and often a 2-3% efficiency gain can add up to a large long-term savings. 15

It would certainly be worth investing in improvements to the adiabatic efficiencies of the turbojet. Currently, the compressor has the lowest real adiabatic efficiency (c = 0.85), followed by the turbine (t = 0.90). It is typical for a compressor to have a low efficiency since it operates with an adverse pressure gradient, but from the table it looks like there is still room for improvement. Possible ways to increase the efficiency of the compressor include adding additional stages to reduce the pressure rise across each stage, and working on lighter vane materials to reduce the weight of the compressor overall when stages are added. The following plots detail how specific thrust and TSFC are affected by changing the adiabatic efficiencies of each component to 1, or the ideal case. When compared to the results from question (1), it is clear that the engine has become far more efficient; the specific thrust has increased, and the TSFC has decreased, at every point. This means that the engine is able to output more thrust with less fuel at each stage:

Figure 19: Ideal Turbojet Performance at Sea Level, Static Conditions

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Figure 20: Ideal Turbojet Performance at FL400, Mach 0.85

Figure 21: Ideal Turbojet Performance at FL600, Mach 2.0

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Figure 22: Ideal Turbojet Performance at FL800, Mach 3.0

4. Increased Turbine Inlet Temperature

The following graphs support the notion that an increased turbine inlet temperature will lead to a more efficient engine. The combustor exit temperature, and hence the burn temperature, is generally limited by the material properties of the turbine. A hotter burn is more efficient since it produces more thrust as it releases larger amounts of energy, but it is often times required to limit the performance of the engine such that the turbine doesnt sustain damage. For example, many airliners perform reduced-thrust takeoffs when they do not need the extra performance of 100% N1. This allows for reduced engine wear (lower maintenance costs and longer between-service intervals), but it also results in a higher fuel burn. By increasing the turbine inlet temperature, the engine can produce more thrust and burn less fuel. As shown on the graphs below, as T04 increases, specific thrust increases and TSFC decreases, indicating a more-efficient engine:

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Figure 23: Increased Turbine Inlet Temperature, Sea Level, Static Conditions

Figure 24: Increased Turbine Inlet Temperature, FL400, Mach 0.85

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Figure 25: Increased Turbine Inlet Temperature, FL600, Mach 2.0

Figure 26: Increased Turbine Inlet Temperature, FL800, Mach 3.0

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References
[1] Hill, Phillip and Peterson, Carl, Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Propulsion, 2nd Edition, pp. 171 173 [2] Hill, Phillip and Peterson, Carl, Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Propulsion, 2nd Edition, pp. 164

Appendix MATLAB Code

%USER SELECTS PROGRAM CONFIGURATON %#1: CODE VALIDATION, NO AFTERBURNER %#2: AFTERBURNER ANALYSIS %#3: IDEAL CASE, NO AFTERBURNER %#4: INCREASE TURBINE INLET TEMP question = 1; %set 1, 2, 3, or 4 %-------------------------------------------------------------------------%GIVEN VALUES %engine data Tknot4 = [1500 1600 1700]; phi_ab = [0.3 0.5 0.7]; f_stoich = 1/16; eta_d = 0.97; gamma_d = 1.40; eta_c = 0.85; gamma_c = 1.37; eta_b = 1.00; gamma_b = 1.35; eta_t = 0.90; gamma_t = 1.33; eta_n = 0.98; gamma_n = 1.36;

%K %afterburner equivalence ratio %stoichiometric fuel:air ratio %assume eta_ab is same as eta_b

HV = 45000000; %J/kg, heating value R = 287.04; %J/kg*k, for air Cp_b = R*(gamma_b/(gamma_b-1)); %J, specific heat (burner) Q_R = HV/Cp_b; %flight conditions h = [0 12200 18300 24400]; Mcr = [0 0.85 2 3]; Pamb = [101.3 18.750 7.170 2.097]; Tamb = [288.2 216.7 216.7 216.7];

%altitude, m %cruise mach %ambient pres, kPa %ambient temp, K

%pressure ratios Pr_c = [2 3 4 6 8 10 20 30 40 60 80 100]; %Pr,c - "X" points on graph Prc = linspace(2,100,100); %compressor pressure ratio Prb = 1; %burner pressure ratio (ideal) Prab = 1; %afterburner pressure ratio %-------------------------------------------------------------------------if question ~= 2 %QUESTIONS 1, 3, AND 4 CONTAINED HERE; QUESTION 2 BELOW %HANDLE QUESTIONS 3 AND 4 if question == 3 %QUESTION 3: IDEAL ADIABATIC EFFICIENCIES ANALYSIS eta_d = 1; %diffuser adiabatic efficiency, ideal eta_c = 1; %compressor adiabatic efficiency, ideal eta_b = 1; %burner efficiency, ideal

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eta_t = 1; eta_n = 1;

%turbine adiabatic efficiency, ideal %nozzle adiabatic efficiency, ideal

elseif question == 4 %QUESTION 4: TURB. STAG. TEMP. = 1800 K, 2000 K Tknot4 = [1500 1600 1700 1800 2000]; end %BEGIN COMMON CODE FOR QUESTIONS 1, 3, AND 4 for c=1:length(h) %one graph per flight condition %define flight variables M = Mcr(c); %Mach number Pa = Pamb(c)*1000; %ambient pressure, Pa Ta = Tamb(c); %ambient temperature U = M*sqrt(gamma_d*R*Ta); %convert Mach to velocity % 1 - 2, Diffuser To2 = Ta*(1 + (gamma_d - 1)/2*M^2); Po2 = Pa*((1 + eta_d*((To2/Ta) - 1))^(gamma_d/(gamma_d - 1))); for t=1:length(Tknot4) To4 = Tknot4(t); %one plotline per turbine inlet temperature

for i=1:length(Prc) %one point per compressor pressure ratio % 2 - 3, Compressor Po3 = Po2*Prc(i); To3 = To2*(1 + (1/eta_c)*(Prc(i)^((gamma_c-1)/gamma_c) - 1)); % 3 - 4, Burner f = (To4/To3 - 1)/(eta_b*Q_R/To3 - To4/To3); Po4 = Po3*Prb; % 4 - 5, Turbine To5 = To4 - (To3 - To2); Po5 = Po4*(1 - (1/eta_t)*(1 - To5/To4))^(gamma_t/(gamma_t1)); % 5 - 6, Afterburner - none present To6 = To5; Po6 = Po5; % 6 - 7, Nozzle (EXIT CONDITIONS) Uexit(t,i,c) = sqrt(2*eta_n*gamma_n/(gamma_n-1)*R*To6*(1((Pa/Po6)^((gamma_n-1)/gamma_n)))); tau_spec(t,i,c) = ((1 + f)*Uexit(t,i,c) - U)/1000; %divide by 1000 to get kN*s/kg %handle non-real answers if (~isreal(tau_spec(t,i,c))) || (tau_spec(t,i,c) < 0) tau_spec(t,i,c) = NaN; TSFC(t,i,c) = NaN; else %calculate TSFC TSFC(t,i,c) = f/tau_spec(t,i,c); end %handle non-real TSFC if TSFC(t,i,c) < 0 TSFC(t,i,c) = NaN;

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end end end end %PRINTING GRAPHS for p=1:length(h) figure %generate new figure if p == 1 %Flight condition 1 (FL 000, M = 0.00) [AX, H1, H2] = plotyy(Prc,tau_spec(:,:,1), Prc,TSFC(:,:,1),'semilogx'); title('Static Thrust and Fuel Consumption at MSL') yMax1 = 2.2; yMax2 = 0.04; end if p == 2 %Flight condition 2 (FL 400, M = 0.85) [AX, H1, H2] = plotyy(Prc,tau_spec(:,:,2), Prc,TSFC(:,:,2),'semilogx'); title('Cruise Thrust and Fuel Consumption at FL400, M=0.85') yMax1 = 1.4; yMax2 = 0.06; end if p == 3 %Flight condition 3 (FL 600, M = 2.00) [AX, H1, H2] = plotyy(Prc,tau_spec(:,:,3), Prc,TSFC(:,:,3),'semilogx'); title('Cruise Thrust and Fuel Consumption at FL600, M=2.0') yMax1 = 1.0; yMax2 = 0.1; end if p == 4 %Flight condition 4 (FL 800, M = 3.00) [AX, H1, H2] = plotyy(Prc,tau_spec(:,:,4), Prc,TSFC(:,:,4),'semilogx'); title('Cruise Thrust and Fuel Consumption at FL800, M=3.0') yMax1 = 1.0; yMax2 = 0.1; end %set axes and format graph set(get(AX(1),'Ylabel'),'string','Specific Thrust, kN*s/kg') set(get(AX(2),'Ylabel'),'string','TSFC, kg/(kN*s)') xlabel('Compressor Pressure Ratio') set(AX(1),'Ylim',[0 yMax1]) set(AX(2),'YLim',[0 yMax2]) set(AX(1),'YTick',[0:0.2:yMax1]) set(AX(2),'YTick',[0:0.02:yMax2]) set(AX(1),'XLim',[2 100]) set(AX(2),'XLim',[2 100]) set(AX(1),'XTick',Pr_c) set(AX(2),'XTick',Pr_c) set(AX(1),'XTickLabel',Pr_c) set(AX(2),'XTickLabel',Pr_c) %include legend if question ~= 4

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lg1 = legend(H1, 'Specific Thrust, T_0_4 = 1500 K', 'Specific Thrust, T_0_4 = 1600 K', 'Specific Thrust, T_0_4 = 1700 K', 'Location', 'Best'); lg2 = legend(H2, 'TSFC, T_0_4 = 1500 K', 'TSFC, T_0_4 = 1600 K', 'TSFC, T_0_4 = 1700 K', 'Location', 'Best'); set(lg1,'color','w') set(lg2,'color','w') set(H1(3),'color','red') set(H1(2),'color','green') set(H1(1),'color','blue') set(H2(3),'LineStyle','--','color','red') set(H2(2),'LineStyle','--','color','green') set(H2(1),'LineStyle','--','color','blue') else lg1 = legend(H1, 'Specific Thrust, T_0_4 = 1500 K', 'Specific Thrust, T_0_4 = 1600 K', 'Specific Thrust, T_0_4 = 1700 K', 'Specific Thrust, T_0_4 = 1800 K', 'Specific Thrust, T_0_4 = 2000 K', 'Location', 'Best'); lg2 = legend(H2, 'TSFC, T_0_4 = 1500 K', 'TSFC, T_0_4 = 1600 K', 'TSFC, T_0_4 = 1700 K', 'TSFC, T_0_4 = 1800 K', 'TSFC, T_0_4 = 2000 K', 'Location', 'Best'); set(lg1,'color','w') set(lg2,'color','w') set(H1(5),'color','magenta') set(H1(4),'color','black') set(H1(3),'color','red') set(H1(2),'color','green') set(H1(1),'color','blue') set(H2(5),'LineStyle','--','color','magenta') set(H2(4),'LineStyle','--','color','black') set(H2(3),'LineStyle','--','color','red') set(H2(2),'LineStyle','--','color','green') set(H2(1),'LineStyle','--','color','blue') end end %-------------------------------------------------------------------------elseif question == 2 %QUESTION 2: AFTERBURNER ANALYSIS for a = 1:length(phi_ab) %one set of graphs per equivalence ratio phi = phi_ab(a); for c=1:length(h) %one graph per flight condition %define flight variables M = Mcr(c); %Mach number Pa = Pamb(c)*1000; %ambient pressure, Pa Ta = Tamb(c); %ambient temperature U = M*sqrt(gamma_d*R*Ta); %convert Mach to velocity % 1 - 2, Diffuser To2 = Ta*(1 + (gamma_d - 1)/2*M^2); Po2 = Pa*((1 + eta_d*((To2/Ta) - 1))^(gamma_d/(gamma_d - 1))); for t=1:length(Tknot4) temperature To4 = Tknot4(t); for i=1:length(Prc) %one point per compressor pressure ratio % 2 - 3, Compressor %one plotline per turbine inlet

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Po3 = Po2*Prc(i); To3 = To2*(1 + (1/eta_c)*(Prc(i)^((gamma_c-1)/gamma_c) 1)); % 3 - 4, Burner f = (To4/To3 - 1)/(eta_b*Q_R/To3 - To4/To3); Po4 = Po3*Prb; % 4 - 5, Turbine To5 = To4 - (To3 - To2); Po5 = Po4*(1 - (1/eta_t)*(1 To5/To4))^(gamma_t/(gamma_t-1)); % 5 - 6, Afterburner - present f_ab = phi*f_stoich; To6 = ((1 + f)*To5 + (eta_b*f_ab*Q_R / Cp_b))*(1/(1 + f + f_ab)); Po6 = Po5*Prab; % 6 - 7, Nozzle (EXIT CONDITIONS) Uexit(t,i,c) = sqrt(2*eta_n*gamma_n/(gamma_n-1)*R*To6*(1((Pa/Po6)^((gamma_n-1)/gamma_n)))); tau_spec(t,i,c) = ((1 + f + f_ab)*Uexit(t,i,c) - U)/1000; %divide by 1000 to get kN*s/kg %handle non-real answers if (~isreal(tau_spec(t,i,c))) || (tau_spec(t,i,c) < 0) tau_spec(t,i,c) = NaN; TSFC(t,i,c) = NaN; else %calculate TSFC TSFC(t,i,c) = (f + f_ab)/tau_spec(t,i,c); end %handle non-real TSFC if TSFC(t,i,c) < 0 TSFC(t,i,c) = NaN; end end end end %PRINTING GRAPHS for p=1:length(h) figure %generate new figure if p == 1 %Flight condition 1 (FL 000, M = 0.00) [AX, H1, H2] = plotyy(Prc,tau_spec(:,:,1), Prc,TSFC(:,:,1),'semilogx'); title(['Static Thrust and Fuel Consumption w/ A/B at MSL, Equiv Ratio = ' num2str(phi_ab(a)) ]) yMax1 = 2.2; yMax2 = 0.3; end if p == 2 %Flight condition 2 (FL 400, M = 0.85) [AX, H1, H2] = plotyy(Prc,tau_spec(:,:,2), Prc,TSFC(:,:,2),'semilogx'); title(['Thrust and Fuel Consumption w/ A/B at FL400, M = 0.85, Equiv Ratio = ' num2str(phi_ab(a)) ]) yMax1 = 1.4;

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yMax2 = 0.3; end if p == 3 %Flight condition 3 (FL 600, M = 2.00) [AX, H1, H2] = plotyy(Prc,tau_spec(:,:,3), Prc,TSFC(:,:,3),'semilogx'); title(['Thrust and Fuel Consumption w/ A/B at FL600, M = 2.0, Equiv Ratio = ' num2str(phi_ab(a)) ]) yMax1 = 1.0; yMax2 = 0.3; end if p == 4 %Flight condition 4 (FL 800, M = 3.00) [AX, H1, H2] = plotyy(Prc,tau_spec(:,:,4), Prc,TSFC(:,:,4),'semilogx'); title(['Thrust and Fuel Consumption w/ A/B at FL800, M = 3.0, Equiv Ratio = ' num2str(phi_ab(a)) ]) yMax1 = 1.0; yMax2 = 0.3; end %set axes and format graph set(get(AX(1),'Ylabel'),'string','Specific Thrust, kN*s/kg') set(get(AX(2),'Ylabel'),'string','TSFC, kg/(kN*s)') xlabel('Compressor Pressure Ratio') set(AX(1),'Ylim',[0 yMax1]) set(AX(2),'YLim',[0 yMax2]) set(AX(1),'YTick',[0:0.2:yMax1]) set(AX(2),'YTick',[0:0.02:yMax2]) set(AX(1),'XLim',[2 100]) set(AX(2),'XLim',[2 100]) set(AX(1),'XTick',Pr_c) set(AX(2),'XTick',Pr_c) set(AX(1),'XTickLabel',Pr_c) set(AX(2),'XTickLabel',Pr_c) %include legend lg1 = legend(H1, 'Specific Thrust, T_0_4 = 1500 K', 'Specific Thrust, T_0_4 = 1600 K', 'Specific Thrust, T_0_4 = 1700 K', 'Location', 'Best'); lg2 = legend(H2, 'TSFC, T_0_4 = 1500 K', 'TSFC, T_0_4 = 1600 K', 'TSFC, T_0_4 = 1700 K', 'Location', 'Best'); set(lg1,'color','w') set(lg2,'color','w') set(H1(3),'color','red') set(H1(2),'color','green') set(H1(1),'color','blue') set(H2(3),'LineStyle','--','color','red') set(H2(2),'LineStyle','--','color','green') set(H2(1),'LineStyle','--','color','blue') end end %-------------------------------------------------------------------------else %INVALID QUESTION - THROW ERROR TO RE-SELECT error('Select a valid question: 1-4') end

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