Nitriding Steel

EDELSTAHL WITTEN-KREFELD GMBH
NITRODUR NITRODUR
S p e c i a l e n g i n e e r i n g s te e l s
NITRODUR NITRODUR
NITRODUR NITRODUR
Nitriding steels
Contents
Page 4 5 Page 6 7 Page 8 9 Page 10 11 General Special features Steel portraits Application examples
Page 12 13 Page 14 15 Page 16
Steel production Steel processing Overview of grades and chemical composition
Page 17 Page 18 29 Page 30 Page 31 35
Forms supplied Material data sheets Sampling according to DIN EN 10085 Nitriding and nitrocarburising of steel components
Page 36 Page 37 Page 38
Temperature comparison Hardness comparison table List of photos
NITRODUR
Nitrodur
The use of special, high-performance steel grades is essential whenever machines and components are exposed to high surface stresses and dynamic loads. If high surface hardness and fatigue strength are required in applications also involving high temperatures, a product such as our Nitrodur steel is the material of choice. Nitrodur is the name of our nitriding steel grades optimised for use at elevated temperatures. Different surface hardnesses and hardening profiles can be set by varying the nitriding parameters. The advantage compared to the surface hardening of standard heat-treatable steel grades is the lower distortion, as there are no transformation processes during cooling from the nitriding temperature. hardening with tempering at above 550 C, but below the microstructural transformation temperature. The great strength of our Nitrodur steel grades is their optimum adaptation to the respective intended application. Depending on the cross-section of the workpiece, optimum quenching and tempering is ensured by selecting the appropriate steel grade. The unusual degree of purity and the homogeneity of the microstructure guarantee uniform mechanical properties, even where large dimensions are involved. Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld is in a position to supply round billets of up to approx. 750 mm diameter. In this context, the strength and toughness can be specifically adjusted and combined to meet the demands on the respective component. Nitrodur steels offer Our Nitrodur steel grades acquire their high yield point, tensile and fatigue strength (combined with high toughness!) as a result of excellent hot formability. Their cold formability and machinability are dependent on the analysis and the crystalline structure.
General
the right one for hot jobs

Appropriate alloying and heat treatment permit adjustment of the material for optimum machinability. The top quality of Nitrodur is achieved through high process reliability and modern installations for melting, secondary metallurgy, vertical continuous casting, remelting, hot forming and heat treatment, as well as through advanced test facilities. Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld is in a position to offer you a tailor-made nitriding steel for every application and every component. Ask our material specialists for advice.
Nitrodur
speciality
from
Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld
5
Nitrodur specifically
Spot-on analysis
The strength and toughness of the base material are determined by its chemical composition and the heat treatment it undergoes. Consequently, the required properties are already specifically aimed for when melting the steel. The facilities in Witten and Krefeld enable us to achieve a spot-on, reliably reproducible chemical composition.
Maximum purity
Extremely high purity is achieved by secondary metallurgical treatment and vertical continuous casting, or also by remelting. Undesirable non-metallic inclusions are reduced to a minimum. The homogeneity of our Nitrodur steels cannot be beaten by any other manufacturer of high-grade steel.
High fatigue strength Specific hardenability

The hardenability of the material can be specifically adapted to the geometry of the respective component by selecting the right alloying elements. The most important alloying elements for nitriding steels are chromium, nickel, aluminium, molybdenum and vanadium. We offer not only aluminium-alloyed nitriding steels, but also aluminium-free grades. In nitriding steels, the different service properties required for the individual components, such as high strength under static and dynamic stress, high toughness and nitriding hardness, are set by way of the chemical composition and a sequence of heat treatment operations. The nitriding treatment increases wear resistance and fatigue strength.
Special features
adapted to elevated temperatures

Good machinability
The greater the number of components to be manufactured, the more important it is for the material to have good machinability. In other words: the cost-efficiency of series production is already partly determined when ordering a specific steel grade.
Customised heat treatment

Depending on the envisaged application and processing, we can supply you with Nitrodur steel grades in a wide variety of treated conditions, e.g. with a defined strength range. Detailed technical information on as-delivered conditions and processing can be found starting on Page 16.
Nitrodur steel grades

that get straight to the
point
7
NITRODUR 14 CrMoV 5-9
Weve got the finest

NITRODUR 31 CrMoV 9
Rolled or forged
Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld supplies a wide variety of rolled and forged products in different heat-treated conditions, from bar steel, universal plate/flat dimensions and semis, all the way to open-die forgings. Our partners in the steel trade offer a wide selection of Nitrodur grades in all standard sizes.
Unmachined or machined
Our strength is steel grades not only in a variety of hot-formed products, but also at various processing stages. Our processing operations range from roughmachining and bright surfaces with close tolerances, all the way to ready-to-install components. Make use of our extensive capabilities and let us act as your extended workbench.
Talk to our specialists about the individual, tailor-made Nitrodur solution you need.
NITRODUR 31 CrMo 12
NITRODUR
NITRODUR 41 CrAlMo 7
8
NITRODUR 34 CrAlNi 7
Steel portraits

Al-free nitriding steel with good high-temper-
specialities in stock for you
ature strength, high fatigue strength and tempering resistance, as well as optimum full quenching and tempering. Can be used as a nitriding, case-hardening or heat-treatable steel. Particularly suitable for quenched and tempered extrusion dies. Suitable for welding by any method.
NITRODUR 31 CrMo 12
Al-free nitriding steel for relatively large cross-sections, and also for higher nitriding hardnesses as a result of its chemical composition. Suitable for gear wheels, cylinders, drills, connecting rods, shafts, extruders, guides, straightening rolls, thread gauges with relatively large cross-sections.
NITRODUR 31 CrMoV 9
Al-free nitriding steel grade for relatively low nitriding hardnesses and relatively great nitriding depths. Suitable for gear wheels, cylinders, drills, connecting rods, shafts, extruders, guides, straightening rolls, thread gauges.
NITRODUR 34 CrAlNi 7
Al-alloyed nitriding steel grade for large cross-sections. Suitable for piston rods, extruders, cylinders, gear wheels, rings.
Al-alloyed nitriding steel for medium crosssections. Suitable for connecting rods, small extruders, valve stems.
Al-alloyed nitriding steel for high nitriding hardnesses and small heat-treatment crosssections. Suitable for valve stems, superheated-steam fittings, cam plates, small gear wheels, eccentrics.
34 CrAlMo 5
Talk to our
specialists
for
hot
subjects
9
Nitrodur hardness
Plastics processing
Cylinders and barrels, rams, screws, injection nozzles and other components are exposed to great stress during injection moulding, compression moulding and extrusion. Consistently high hardness must be retained, even at elevated working temperatures, in order to guarantee consistent precision of the products to be manufactured. Nitrodur offers just that.
Engine construction
For engines, such as racing-car engines, which are exposed to extreme stresses, particularly in relation to temperature, it is advisable to use special Nitrodur steel grades to manufacture crankshafts, connecting rods, piston pins, cylinders, cylinder liners and drive chains.
General mechanical engineering

Nitrodur steels grades are recommended in mechanical engineer-
Gearbox construction
When made of Nitrodur, pinions, toothed wheels and gear wheels with external and internal gearing offer greater operating reliability and a longer service life in power stations. Nitrodur steel grades are also the perfect material if, after heat treatment, the components cannot be re-worked as a result of their geometry or their small size.
ing wherever reliable operation and precision functioning at elevated temperatures are indispensable. For instance, in the production of pump drive shafts, timing chains, pistons for hydraulic controllers, screws and worm gears, spindles, straightening rolls, superheated-steam fittings, value guides and valve seats.
10
Application examples
and precision for increased safety

Tool-making
When it comes to precision mechanical parts and tools that work at elevated operating temperatures, Nitrodur guarantees the unchanging geometry of the components, such as sizing rolls, ring gauges, thread gauges, limit plug gauges, gear wheels and piston rods. Nitrodur steel grades are also particularly suitable materials in cases where very small components cannot be mechanically reworked after being heat-treated.
Machine tool manufacture

Nitrodur steel grades ensure a long service life, reliable operation and consistently high precision in machine tools. For example, in spindles and guide rails, grinding and drilling machines, as well as milling machines and lathes.
11
Our own steel production in our modern steelworks in Witten is
Our expertise in steel is

melting (VAR) furnaces is available in Krefeld for the production of heat treatable steels involving particularly stringent demands in terms of homogeneity of their microstructure and their purity.
Remelting facilities ESR
the basis for the purity and homogeneity of our heat-treatable steels. Precisely defined properties are achieved by means of exact alloying and process specifications for melting, forming and heat treatment. The steels are melted in a 130 t electric arc furnace. The metallurgical precision work is performed in a downstream ladle furnace of the same size. Depending on the steel grade and the dimensions of the end product, the steel melted in this way is cast in ingots or continuous cast blooms. Over 50 different mould formats are available for ingot casting, ranging from 600 kg to 160 t. The continuous cast blooms are manufactured in two strands on a vertical continuous casting machine in a 475 x 340 mm format. A remelting steelworks with two electroslag remelting (ESR) furnaces and two vacuum arc re-
Electroslag remelting process

In the electroslag remelting process (ESR), which works with alternating current, a cast or forged, self-consuming electrode is immersed in a bath of molten slag, which serves as an electrical resistor. The material to be remelted drips from the end of the electrode through the slag and forms the new ingot in a water-cooled mould below. The heat dissipation leads to directional solidification in the direction of the longitudinal ingot axis. The remelting slag fulfils several functions in this process. On the one hand, it develops the necessary process heat, while at the same time supporting chemical
Scrap 130-t-electric arc furnace
VAR
Ladle furnace
Main production routes
Ladle degassing station (VD/VOD)
EDELSTAHL WITTEN-KREFELD GMBH THYSSEN KRUPP STAHL AG
ca
reactions, such as desulphurisation, and acting as an anti-oxidant for the melting bath of the new ingot. In addition, the slag has a high capacity for absorbing nonmetallic inclusions, which means that the remelted material is free of coarse inclusions. The improvement in the microscopic
12
Steel production
production something you can rely on

Blooming-slabbing mill
Ingot casting
Products
Long forging machines Machining Finishing departments, forging shops As-cast ingots As-continuously cast bloom material Open-die forgings as-forged or machined Forged semis Forged round billets for tubemaking as-forged or peeled Forged bar steel as-forged or machined Machined tool steel forged or rolled Rolled semis Rolled tube rounds as-rolled or peeled Untreated Blooming/billet/large-size bar rolling mill Rolled bar steel as-rolled or machined Universal plate and flats Special products
LSX 55 33 MN press
Heat treatment facilities
As-forged Peeling machines Finishing departments, rolling mills As-rolled
LSX 25
Continuous bloom aster, 475 x 340 mm, 2 strands
purity is attributable to desulphurisation and the resultant high degree of sulphidic purity, and also to a reduction in the size and quantity of oxidic inclusions.
Nitrodur reliable materials

thanks to
reliable processes
NITRODUR
13
Nitrodur just
Vacuum arc remelting process
The vacuum arc remelting (VAR) process works with cast or forged, self-consuming electrodes in a vacuum. Using an electric arc in a vacuum, a melting bath is generated in a copper crucible, which acts as the opposite pole to the remelting electrode and is connected to a DC voltage source via current contacts. A new ingot is formed from the liquefied electrode material drop by drop in a continuous process. In the VAR process, refinement of the steel is brought about by the reaction of the oxygen dissolved in the steel with the carbon in the molten material under the effect of the vacuum. This results in the best possible degree of microscopic oxidic purity and freedom from macroscopic inclusions. As no desulphurisation takes place during this remelting process, the lowest possible sulphur content has to be set prior to remelting, in order also to meet the most stringent demands on the degree of sulphidic purity. Moreover, this process guarantees the lowest possible quantities of dissolved gases in the steel and a homogeneous microstructure free of segregation.
Hot forming and finishing

The blooming mill in Witten produces semi-finished products, steel bars and universal plate/flat dimensions. Two modern finishing lines for checking the inner and outer surface condition, as well as the dimensions and identity, are available for rolled and forged products and steel bars. The forge is equipped with a 33 MN press, a GFM LSX 55 horizontal long forging machine and a GFM LSX 25 long forging machine.
14
Steel processing
nitriding steel, the way you need it

Krefeld and Witten. Rotationally symmetrical parts with a piece weight of up to 20 tonnes are manufactured in Krefeld on conventional and modern CNC lathes and grinding machines. The key production fields are shafts, cylinders and rolls for continuous casting.
Machining
Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld offers not only an optimum material in various forms, but also premachined and ready-to-install parts. We put extensive consulting know-how and modern ma-
chining facilities at the disposal of our customers. After straightening, rolled or forged bar steel and round billets up to 300 mm diameter for tubemaking can be peeled, pressure polished and chamfered in
15
Overview of grades and chemical composition

Overview of grades
Grades Page 18 19 Page 20 21 Page 22 23 Page 24 25 Page 26 27 Page 28 29 Nitrodur 15 CrMoV 5-9 Nitrodur 31 CrMo12 Nitrodur 31 CrMoV 9 Nitrodur 34 CrAlNi 7 Nitrodur 41 CrAlMo 7 Nitrodur 34 CrAlMo 5 Material No. 1.8521 1.8515 1.8519 1.8550 1.8509 1.8507 Code name acc. to EN 10085 15CrMoV5-9 31CrMo12 31CrMoV9 34CrAlNi7 41CrAlMo7 34CrAlMo5
Table 1
Standardised in DIN 17211 EN 10085 EN 10085 EN 10085 EN 10085 EN 10085
Chemical composition
Steel grade Code name DIN EN 10085 Material No. Chemical composition to DIN EN 10085, except1 (% by weight)
Table 2
C 0.13 0.18 0.28 0.35 0.27 0.34 0.30 0.37 0.38 0.45 0.30 0.37
Si 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40
Mn 0.80 1.10 0.40 0.70 0.40 0.70 0.40 0.70 0.40 0.70 0.40 0.70
P max.
Al
Cr 1.20 1.50 2.80 3.30 2.30 2.70 1.50 1.80 1.50 1.80 1.00 1.30
Mo 0.80 1.10 0.30 0.50 0.15 0.25 0.15 0.25 0.20 0.35 0.15 0.25
Ni
V 0.20 0.30
Nitrodur 15CrMoV5-9 1.8521 15 CrMoV 5-9 1 Nitrodur 31 CrMo12 Nitrodur 31 CrMoV 9 Nitrodur 34 CrAlNi 7 Nitrodur 41 CrAlMo 7 Nitrodur 34 CrAlMo 5 1) DIN 17211 31CrMo12 1.8515
0.025 0.030 0.025 0.035 0.025 0.035 0.025 0.035 0.025 0.035 0.025 0.035
31CrMoV9
1.8519
0.10 0.20
34CrAlNi7
1.8550
0.80 1.20 0.80 1.20 0.80 1.20
0.85 1.15
41CrAlMo7
1.8509
34CrAlMo5
1.8507
16
Forms supplied
NITRODUR
Product Dimensions Dia. or edge length Bar steel and round billets for tubemaking rolled 55 250 mm dia. DIN 1013 > 200 mm dia. standard incompany tolerance, closer tolerance on request Sharp-edged 50 160 mm square Flat: Width: 80 510 mm Thickness: 25 160 mm Width/thickness ratio 10:1 max Sheet bars rolled with bulbous narrow face Semis rolled Width: 25 160 mm Thickness: 80 550 mm 50 320 mm square, rising in 1 mm increments 210 mm +/- 2% > 210 mm +/- 3% of edge length Special:*) 100 mm +/- 1% of edge length > 100 mm 210 mm +/- 1.5% of edge length Standard: 6 mm/m Special:*) 4 mm/m DIN 1014 Tolerances Lengths Subject to purchase order Special:*) +100/-0 Straightness 80 mm: 4.0 mm/m > 80 mm: 2.5 mm/m < 1000 mm2: 4.0 mm/m > 1000 mm2: 2.5 mm/m Special:*) Specially straightened Lengths/ weights End condition As-supplied condition Untreated Cold-shearable Surface finish 4.0 10 m, Hot-sawn other lengths or hot abraon request sive-cut Rough-peeled finish available for 52 240 mm DIN 1017 up to 150 mm width and 60 mm thickness; over 150 mm width standard in-company tolerance Tolerance on request Max. permissible Special:*) Cold-sawable surface defect Cold-sawn, depths: cold abrasive- Normalized cut Round: 1% max. of Treated to dia. + 0.05 mm ferrite-pearlite Square: 1% max. of structure edge length Treated to Flat: 1.5% max. of hardness width, 2.0% max. of range thickness Soft-annealed Special:*) Spheroidize- Smaller surface defect depth on annealed request Stressrelieved 210 mm square: hot-sawn or hot abrasive-cut > 210 mm square: hot-sheared Special:*) Cold abrasivecut, cold-sawn Quenched Edge radius: and tempered 210 mm - 12-18% of edge length > 210 mm: without defined edge radius Max. perm. surface defect depth: 140 mm sq. 0.3 mm max. > 140 - 200 mm sq. 0.6 mm max. > 200 mm sq. visible defects eliminated Bar steel and semis forged 65 750 mm dia. 265 650 mm square flat: on request DIN 7527 Semis: as-forged straightness Bar steel: to DIN within the tolerance limit Lengths as a function of dimensions and heattreatment condition on request Hot abrasivecut or coldsawn Special:*) Cold abrasivecut Special:*) - Rough-peeled - Turned - Milled
Bright steel peeled peeled and polished 52 400 mm dia. 52 300 mm dia. ISA Tol. 11 or comparable tolerance ISA Tol. 11 or comparable tolerance
As-peeled straightness 2 mm/m, 1 mm/m or closer as a function of dimensions on request
3 - 10 m, on request 30 m max. as a function of dia. and max. bar dead weight of 7 t
Hot-sawn/hot abrasive-cut Special:*) Cold-sawn/ abrasive-cut Dimensions 50 - 105 mm with round chamfer 30 or 45, chamfer width approx. 5 -12 mm, other widths by arrangement
Technically crack-free condition e.g. eddycurrent tested or comparable technique, defined depth of roughness and suitable packaging by special arrangement
ground
52 100 mm dia.
ISA-Tol. 8 or comparable tolerance
38m
As-cast ingots/c.c. blooms Open-die forgings
on request
Forgings forged to shape on request (drawing)
*) Special finishes subject to further inquiry (partly dependent on quality, dimensions and condition)
17

Material No. Code Material No. 1.8521 Code 15CrMoV5-9
Chemical composition C
Typical analysis in % acc. to DIN 17211
Si 0.40
Mn 0.80 1.10
P 0.025
S 0.030
Cr
Mo
0.13 0.18
1.20 1.50 0.80 1.10 0.20 0.30
Mechanical properties in different treatment conditions

To DIN 17211
Heat treatment diameter in mm 0.2% proof stress (Rp 0.2) min. N/mm2
Quenched and tempered QT

Tensile strength in N/mm2 Rm Elongation at fracture in % A min. Reduction of area at fracture in % Z min. Notch impact energy (ISO-V) in J Av min.
100 100 < d 250
750 700
900 1100 850 1050
10 12
30 35
Hardness in different treatment conditions

To DIN 17211
Treated for shearing S HB max. 255
Soft annealed A HB max. 248
Nitrided, surface hardness HV1 approx. 800
Applications Al-free nitriding steel with good high-temperature strength, high fatigue strength and tempering resistance, as well as optimum full quenching and tempering. Can be used as a nitriding, case-hardening or heat-treatable steel. Particularly suitable for quenched and tempered extrusion dies. Suitable for welding by any method.
Heat treatment Soft annealing

To DIN 17211 Temperatures in C
Hardening
Quenching medium
Tempering
Nitriding
680 740
940 980
Oil/polymer or water
600 700
500 580
Thermal expansion Temperature in C Coefficient of linear thermal expansion 10-6 K-1 From -191 to +16 9.1 20 100 11.1 20 200 12.1 20 300 12.9 20 400 13.5 20 500 13.9
18

Tempering diagram High-temperature strength diagram
Pre-treatment: Hardening: Heat treatment cross-section:
980 C, 30 min./air 980 C, 30 min./oil 60 mm dia.
2000
0.2% proof stress Rp0.2 and tensile strength Rm in N/mm2
200 175 Av Z
Notch impact energy Av in J (ISO-V)
100,0 87,5 75,0 62,5 50,0 37,5 25,0 12,5 0,0

Elongation at fracture A5 in % Elongation at fracture A5 and reduction of area 0.2% proof stress Rp0.2 and tensile strength Rm in N/mm2
1200
1750 1500 1250 1000 750 500 250 0 450
1000
Rm
150 125 100 75 50 25 0
800
Rp0,2
600
400
Rm Rp0,2 A5
at fracture Z in %
area at fracture
200
Z in %
Reduction of
90 80 70 60 30 20 10 200 ISO-V A5 Z
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
Tempering temperature in C (tempering time: 2 hours)
Notch impact energy
175
Av in J
150 125 100 75 RT 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Test temperature in C
DVM
Time-temperaturetransformation diagram (continuous)
1200 1100 1000 900 800

Temperature in C
Ac3
F 700 A 600 500 400 M 300 200 100 0

Hardness values
353 427 393 363 353 337 337 336 325 322 236 292 269 278 5 20 50 60 75
Ac1
MS
10 90
HV 10 100
Time in s
101 100
102 101
103 102 100
104 103 101
105 104 102
106
Time in min Time in h
19
NITRODUR 31 CrMo 12
Material No. Code Material No. 1.8515 Code 31CrMo12
acc. to DIN EN 10085 Typical analysis in %
Si 0.40
Mn 0.40 0.70
P 0.025
S 0.035
Cr
Mo
0.28 0.35
2.80 3.30 0.30 0.50

To DIN EN 10085

16 40 100 160
d 240 < d 100 < d 160 < d 250
835 785 735 675
1030 1230 1980 1180 930 1130 880 1080
10 11 12 12
25 30 30 30

To DIN EN 10085
Applications Al-free nitriding steel for relatively large cross-sections, and also for higher nitriding hardnesses as a result of its chemical composition. Suitable for gear wheels, cylinders, drills, connecting rods, shafts, extruders, guides, straightening rolls, thread gauges with relatively large cross-sections.

To DIN EN 10085 Temperatures in C
Hardening
Quenching medium
Tempering
Nitriding
650 700
870 930
580 700
480 570
20
NITRODUR 31 CrMo 12
2000
200 Rm 180 160 Rp0,2

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Elongation Elongation at fracture A5 and reduction of area 0.2% proof stress Rp0.2 and tensile strength Rm in N/mm2
1200
1800 1600 1400 1200
1000 Rm 800
140 120
Z 1000 800 600 400 200 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
600
Rp0,2
100 80 60 Av A5 40 20 0
400
at fracture Z in %
200
area at fracture Reduction of
90
Z in %
80 70 60
at fracture
A5 in %
30 20 10 200
A5
ISO-V
Notch impact energy
175
Av in J
150 125 100 75 RT 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
DVM
1200 1100 1000 900 800

Temperature in C
3 11 3 3
Ac3 Ac1
700 600 A 500 400 300 M 200 100 0

Hardness values
530 548 525 498
35 82
MS
5 10 40
B
95 97 98 94 92 62 15
493 421 397
394
330 238
HV 10 100
Time in s
337
327
101 100
102 101
103 102 100
104 103 101
105 104 102
106
21
NITRODUR 31 CrMoV 9
Material No. Code Material No. 1.8519 Code 31CrMoV9
Si 0.40
Mn 0.40 0.70
P 0.025
S 0.035
Cr
Mo
0.27 0.34
2.30 2.70 0.15 0.25 0.10 0.20

To DIN EN 10085

16 40 100 160
d 240 < d 100 < d 160 < d 250
900 800 700 650
1100 1000 1900 1850
1300 1200 1100 1050
19 10 11 12
25 30 35 40

To DIN EN 10085
Applications Al-free nitriding steel grade for relatively low nitriding hardnesses and relatively great nitriding depths. Suitable for gear wheels, cylinders, drills, connecting rods, shafts, extruders, guides, straightening rolls, thread gauges.

Hardening
Quenching medium
Tempering
Nitriding
680 720
870 930
580 700
480 570
22
NITRODUR 31 CrMoV 9
2000
200 180 160

100 90
Elongation at fracture A5 and reduction of area at fracture Z in %
1200
1800 1600 1400 1200
Rp0,2
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Rm
1000 Rm 800
140 120 Z 100 80 60 Av A5 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 40 20 0
600
Rp0,2
1000 800 600 400 200 0
400
200
90
Z in %
80 70 60
Elongation
at fracture
A5 in %
30 20 10 200
A5
Notch impact energy
175
Av in J
ISO-V
150 125 100 75 RT 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
DVM
1200 1100 1000 900 800

Temperature in C
Ac3
70 70 70 70 30 30 30 30
700 600 A 500
F
3
Ac1
40
B 400 300 M 200 100 0

Hardness values
496 478 481 493 428 404 390 351 374 351
MS
60
50 100
100 100 100
100
97
60 172 264 186 177 170
HV 10 100
Time in s
101 100
102 101
103 102 100
104 103 101
105 104 102
106
23
NITRODUR 34 CrAINi 7
Material No. Code Material No. 1.8550 Code 34CrAINi7
Si 0.40
Mn 0.40 0.70
P 0.025
S 0.035
AI
Cr
Mo
Ni
0.30 0.37
0.80 1.20 1.50 1.80 0.15 0.25 0.85 1.15

To DIN EN 10085

16 40 100 160
d 240 < d 100 < d 160 < d 250
680 650 600 600
1900 1850 1800 1800
1100 1050 1000 1000
10 12 13 13
30 30 35 35

To DIN EN 10085
Applications Al-alloyed nitriding steel grade for large cross-sections. Suitable for piston rods, extruders, cylinders, gear wheels, rings.

Hardening
Quenching medium
Tempering
Nitriding
650 700
870 930
580 700
480 570
24
NITRODUR 34 CrAINi 7
Pre-treatment: Hardening: Heat treatment cross-section: 0.2% proof stress Rp0.2 and tensile strength Rm in N/mm2
2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 Z 800 600 400 200 0 100 200 300 Av A5 400 500 600 Rm
200 180 160

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Elongation at fracture Elongation at fracture A5 and reduction of area 0.2% proof stress Rp0.2 and tensile strength Rm in N/mm2
1200
1000 Rm
Rp0,2
140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 700
800
600 Rp0,2
400
at fracture Z in %
area at fracture
200
Z in %
Reduction of
90 80 70 60 Z
A5 in %
30 20 10 200
A5
Notch impact energy
ISO-V
175
Av in J
150 125 DVM 100 75 RT 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
1200 1100 1000 900 800

Temperature in C
Ac3 A
3 50 50 40 50 50 50 50 15
700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
Ac1
P
40
MS
2
B
5 30 60 80 90 90 95 80 15
Hardness values
566
442
361 383 368 348 333
240 293
219 233
HV 10 100
Time in s
534 543 505
101 100
102 101
103 102 100
104 103 101
105 104 102
106
25
NITRODUR 41 CrAIMo 7
Material No. Code Material No. 1.8509 Code 41CrAIMo7
Si 0.40
Mn 0.40 0.70
P 0.025
S 0.035
AI
Cr
Mo
0.38 0.45
0.80 1.20 1.50 1.80 0.20 0.35

To DIN EN 10085

16 40 100 160
d 240 < d 100 < d 160 < d 250
750 720 670 625
1950 1900 1850 1800
1150 1100 1050 1000
11 13 14 15
25 25 30 30

To DIN EN 10085
Applications Al-alloyed nitriding steel for medium cross-sections. Suitable for connecting rods, small extruders, valve stems.

Hardening
Quenching medium
Tempering
Nitriding
650 700
870 930
580 700
480 570
26
Pre-treatment: Hardening: Heat treatment cross-section: 0.2% proof stress Rp0.2 and tensile strength Rm in N/mm2 930 C, 30 min./air 910 C, 30 min./oil 15 mm dia.
2000 Rm 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 Z 800 600 Av 400 200 0 100 200 300 400 A5 500 600 Rp0,2
200 180 160

100 90
1200
1000
Rm
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Elongation at fracture A5 and reduction of area at fracture Z in %
140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 700
800
600
Rp0,2
400
200 90
area at fracture Reduction of Z in %
80 70 60 50
Tempering temperature in C (tempering time: 2 hours) Elongation at fracture A5 in %
30 20 10 175
A5
Notch impact energy
150 ISO-V
Av in J
125 100 75 50 RT 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

DVM
1200 1100 1000 900 800

Temperature in C
30
Ac3 F
15 25
~ 30
70
A 600 500 400 300 M 200 100 0

Hardness values
MS
10
B
40 85 95 92 590 55
HV 10 100
Time in s
613 599
595
483 409
700
30
75
375 339 244
Ac1
70
223
206
101 100
102 101
103 102 100
104 103 101
105 104 102
106
27
Material No. Code Material No. 1.8507 Code 34CrAIMo5
Si 0.40
Mn 0.40 0.70
P 0.025
S 0.035
AI
Cr
Mo
0.30 0.37
0.80 1.20 1.00 1.30 0.15 0.25

To DIN EN 10085

16 d 240 40 < d 100
600 600
1800 1000 1800 1000
14 14
35 35

To DIN EN 10085
Applications Al-alloyed nitriding steel for high nitriding hardnesses and small heat-treatment cross-sections. Suitable for valve stems, superheated-steam fittings, cam plates, small gear wheels, eccentrics.

Hardening
Quenching medium
Tempering
Nitriding
650 700
870 930
580 700
480 570
28
Pre-treatment: Hardening: Heat treatment cross-section: 0.2% proof stress Rp0.2 and tensile strength Rm in N/mm2
2000 Rm 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 Z 800 600 400 Av 200 0 100 200 300 A5 400 500 600 Rp0,2
200 180 160

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Elongation Elongation at fracture A5 and reduction of area 0.2% proof stress Rp0.2 and tensile strength Rm in N/mm2
1200
1000 Rm
140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 700
800
600 Rp0,2
400
at fracture Z in %
200
90
Z in %
80 70 60
at fracture
A5 in %
30 20 10 200
A5
Notch impact energy
ISO-V
175
Av in J
150 125 DVM 100 75 RT 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
1200 1100 1000 900 800

Temperature in C
Ac3
50 50
700 600 A 500 400 300 M 200 100 0

Hardness values
10 F 10 15 10 5
45 50 50 50
50 50
Ac1
B MS
7 30 45 60 174 65 75 80 80 265 260 229 179 192 174
472
318 287
HV 10 100
Time in s
490 460 383 345 293
101 100
102 101
103 102 100
104 103 101
105 104 102
106
29
Sampling according to DIN EN 10085

Sampling of bar steel and wire rod
Round sections d up to 25 mm 1)
d over 25 mm
Square and rectangular sections a over 25 mm a up to 25 mm 1) ba ba b b
12
.5
d d
12.5 b
2)
12.5
12.5
3)
3)
d Tensile specimen
1) For
12
12.5 notched bar impact specimen
12,5
thin products (d or b 25 mm) the specimen should, as far as possible, consist of an unmachined part of the bar. products having a round section, the longitudinal axle of the notch should be generally in the direction of a diameter. With products having rectangular sections, the longitudinal axle of the notch must be at right angles to the wider roll surface.
2) With
3)
The values given for the mechanical properties in the material data sheets apply to samples in the quenched and tempered heat-
treated condition, taken in accordance with DIN EN 10085.
30
12.5
.5
Technical information
Nitriding and nitrocarburising of steel components

The surfaces of steel components are subject to a wide variety of stresses, such as wear, rolling and bending stresses. In such cases, it makes sense to increase the resistance to such stresses on the surface of the component by way of appropriate hardening. The aim of nitriding is to form a diffusion layer (precipitation layer) with a material-dependent nitriding depth of up to 0.9 mm. The prerequisite for successful nitriding is the use of alloyed steel grades containing nitride-forming elements (Al, Cr, V, Mo, Mn). Only in this way is it possible for soNitriding and nitrocarburising are two hardening processes with particularly low distortion. In contrast to flame, induction and case hardening, where the increase in hardness is achieved by microstructural transformation of the steel, low treatment temperatures are sufficient for nitriding and nitrocarburising. The achievable surface hardness is dependent not only on the nitriding temperature and the amount of nitrogen available, but particularly also on the quantity of nitride-forming elements and the strength of the components in Temperatures of 490 to 530 C are customary for nitriding, while nitrocarburising is performed at temperatures of 550 to 580 C. quenched and tempered condition. The higher the content of these elements, the higher the surface hardness after nitriding. The carbon content of the steels to be nitrided should not exceed 0.5%, as most nitride-forming elements also form carbides and stable carbides only allow limited binding of nitrogen. The two processes differ in that nitrogen alone is used for nitriding, whereas nitrocarburising involves a simultaneous combination of nitrogen and carbon. Aluminium is a particularly effective element when it comes to increasing hardness by nitriding. For instance, surface hardnesses of approx. 1000 HV can be called alloy nitrides to form, which in turn create high residual compression stresses in the case. achieved in a steel grade containing 1% aluminium. In steel grades that contain no aluminium, but roughly 1% chromium, the achievable surface hardness is in the region of 600 HV. In order to obtain a surface hardness of approx. 1000 HV in chrome steels, the chromium content has to be increased to approx. 5%. The different effects of the alloying elements is clearly illustrated by hardness profiles, such as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 (Page 32) for comparable nitriding parameters. The top diagram applies to a 31 CrMoV 9 steel and the bottom diagram to a 34 CrAlNi 7 steel.
31
Hardness profiles of NITRODUR 31 CrMoV 9 steel after different nitriding times
Fig. 1
Gas-nitrided
1200
500C 500C 500C
10 to 20h 36h 84h
1000
HV 0,5
800
Surface hardness toDIN DIN EN EN 10085 10085 Surface hardness to
600
400
200 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 Distance from thesurface surface in Distance from the inmm mm
Hardness profiles of NITRODUR 34 CrAlNi 7 steel after different nitriding times
Fig. 2
Gas-nitrided
1200
500C 500C 500C
10 to 20h 36h 84h
1000
Surface hardness to DIN EN 10085 Surface hardness to DIN EN 10085
HV 0,5
800
600
400
200 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8
Distance surface mm Distancefrom from the surface inin mm
32
Consequently, nitriding results in increasingly high surface hardnesses at increasing strengths in Q+T condition, as the carbides present are less stable.
components, which act as the cathode, and the retort, which serves as the anode. The ionised nitrogen molecules hit the surface of the components with high kinetic energy, are split into nitrogen
plain steels, which cannot be nitrided owing to the absence of nitride-forming elements. Nitrocarburising can be performed in a salt bath (Tenifer treatment), in gas or in plasma. This process should not be used when aiming for relatively great depths of nitration, as high nitrogen concentrations are required and lengthy treatment times would otherwise involve a risk of embrittlement of the nitrided layer.
Nitriding treatment can be carried out in gas or plasma. Ammonia gas (NH3) is used as the nitrogen source in gas nitriding. It dissociates at the surface of the steel, which acts as a catalyst. The nitrogen, which is then present in atomic form, diffuses into the steel surface and combines with the iron there to form iron nitride (Fe2-3 N, Fe4 N). The nitrogen diffuses further into the material in the course of treatment, leading to the formation of the alloy nitrides.
atoms and trigger the nitriding process, which then takes place via the diffusion processes described. As atoms are also detached from the surface at the same time, this process also permits the nitriding of corrosion-resistant steel grades by way of destruction of the passive chromium oxide layer.
The aim of nitrocarburising is to form a largely monophase -compound layer (Fe2-3 N), which is stabilised by the addition of carbon to the treatment cycle. This layer
In plasma nitriding, the components to be treated are loaded into a vacuum retort that is fed with a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen as the treatment gas. A plasma is ignited by applying a constant or pulsating direct voltage (300 to 800 V) between the
possesses high hardness, as well as good sliding, wear and anticorrosion properties. Its thickness is usually approx. 10 to 20 m. The precipitation layer below it has a material-dependent depth of approx. 0.2 to 0.4 mm. This method is particularly suitable for
33
When testing nitrocarburised layAdvantages of the methods described: Wear-resistant surfaces High fatigue strength Good sliding properties High temperature resistance Low distortion Good corrosion resistance (nitrocarburising) The depth of nitration is determined on the cross-section by low-load hardness testing with The methods have the following disadvantages: Relatively low hardening depth Occasionally long treatment times Sensitivity to shock loads the HV 0.5 test load in accordance with DIN 50190, Part 3. ers, a test load of 1 daN (HV 1) has become generally accepted for material testing. The exact hardness of the compound layer can only be measured by microhardness testing.
As a special safety precaution during nitriding and during the subsequent loading of nitrided workpieces in operation, it should be pointed out that there must be no defects in the brittle nitrided layer, which can be damaged by even slight impact loads. Surface defects lead to a notch effect, which eliminates the advantages of the nitriding process and has a negative effect on the service life of the workpiece. Bearing this in mind, it is advisable to use ni-
Fatigue strength
Nitriding generates residual compression stresses in the case, resulting in increased fatigue strength. Precise information as to the degree of improvement, e.g. in
trided surfaces primarily in cases of severe wear, but on surfaces which should not be exposed to any impact-type stresses, if at all possible.
Hardness testing
Nitrided layers should be tested using the hardness test according to Vickers. A test load of 5 daN has proven successful (HV 5). Higher test loads falsify the results, as the hardness of the core has a major influence on the test results.
the fatigue test under reversed bending stresses, cannot be given, as the result is influenced by a host of factors. By way of approximation, it can be assumed that the fatigue strength in nitrided condition is approx. 30% higher than in quenched and tempered condition.
Corrosion resistance of nitrided components

The corrosion resistance of the iron nitride layer is greater than that of the nitrided steel in its original condition. However, in order to exploit this effect to the full, this layer must be free of pores, as discontinuities in the formation
34
of the nitride layer and in the concentration profile again reduce the degree of additional corrosion resistance. This applies to the nitriding steels described in this brochure. However, in the possible event of nitriding chromiumcontaining stainless materials with 13 or 17% Cr the corrosion resistance must be expected to decline after nitriding in comparison with that of the base material.
Permissible deviations between check analysis and ladle analysis Table 3

Element Maximum permissible content in the ladle analysis % by weight 0.45 0.40 0.80 0.025 0.035 0.80 1.00 > 2.00 1.20 2.00 3.50 0.30 1.00 1.15 0.030 0.25 Deviation from limit1 of the check analysis from the defined ladle analysis to DIN EN 10085 0.02 + 0.03 0.04 + 0.005 + 0.005 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.03 0.04 0.05 + 0.005 + 0.02
C Si Mn P S Al Cr
Mo > 0.30 Ni Sn V
1
means that, for a given melt, either the upper or the lower limit of the range given for the ladle analysis in Table 2 may be exceeded, but not both at once.
35
Temperature Comparison Chart

C X = Particular measured temperature C 273.15 270.00 200.00 150.00 100.00 90.00 80.00 70.00 60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 17.78 10.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00 110.00 120.00 130.00 140.00 150.00 160.00 170.00 180.00 190.00 200.00 210.00 220.00 230.00 240.00 250.00 260.00 270.00 280.00 290.00 300.00 310.00 320.00 330.00 340.00 350.00 360.00 370.00 F 459.67 454.00 328.00 238.00 148.00 130.00 112.00 94.00 76.00 58.00 40.00 22.00 4.00 0.00 14.00 32.00 50.00 68.00 86.00 104.00 122.00 140.00 158.00 176.00 194.00 212.00 230.00 248.00 266.00 284.00 302.00 320.00 338.00 356.00 374.00 392.00 410.00 428.00 446.00 464.00 482.00 500.00 518.00 536.00 554.00 572.00 590.00 608.00 626.00 644.00 662.00 680.00 698.00 K C F X 273 X 5 /9 (X32) K 0.00 3.15 73.15 123.15 173.15 183.15 193.15 203.15 213.15 223.15 233.15 243.15 253.15 255.37 263.15 273.15 283.15 293.15 303.15 313.15 323.15 333.15 343.15 353.15 363.15 373.15 383.15 393.15 403.15 413.15 423.15 433.15 443.15 453.15 463.15 473.15 483.15 493.15 503.15 513.15 523.15 533.15 543.15 553.15 563.15 573.15 583.15 593.15 603.15 613.15 623.15 633.15 643.15 C 380.00 390.00 400.00 410.00 420.00 430.00 440.00 450.00 460.00 470.00 480.00 490.00 500.00 510.00 520.00 530.00 540.00 550.00 560.00 570.00 580.00 590.00 600.00 610.00 620.00 630.00 640.00 650.00 660.00 670.00 680.00 690.00 700.00 710.00 720.00 730.00 740.00 750.00 760.00 770.00 780.00 790.00 800.00 810.00 820.00 830.00 840.00 850.00 860.00 870.00 880.00 890.00 900.00 F 9 /5 (X273) + 32 9 /5 X + 32 X F 716.00 743.00 752.00 770.00 788.00 806.00 824.00 842.00 860.00 878.00 896.00 914.00 932.00 950.00 968.00 986.00 1004.00 1022.00 1040.00 1058.00 1076.00 1094.00 1112.00 1130.00 1148.00 1166.00 1184.00 1202.00 1220.00 1238.00 1256.00 1274.00 1292.00 1310.00 1328.00 1346.00 1364.00 1382.00 1400.00 1418.00 1436.00 1454.00 1472.00 1490.00 1508.00 1526.00 1544.00 1562.00 1580.00 1598.00 1616.00 1634.00 1652.00 K 653.15 663.15 673.15 683.15 693.15 703.15 713.15 723.15 733.15 743.15 753.15 763.15 773.15 783.15 793.15 803.15 813.15 823.15 833.15 843.15 853.15 863.15 873.15 883.15 893.15 903.15 913.15 923.15 933.15 943.15 953.15 963.15 973.15 983.15 993.15 1003.15 1013.15 1023.15 1033.15 1043.15 1053.15 1063.15 1073.15 1083.15 1093.15 1103.15 1113.15 1123.15 1133.15 1143.15 1153.15 1163.15 1173.15 K X X + 273 5 /9 (X32) + 273 C 910.00 920.00 930.00 940.00 950.00 960.00 970.00 980.00 990.00 1000.00 1010.00 1020.00 1030.00 1040.00 1050.00 1060.00 1070.00 1080.00 1090.00 1100.00 1110.00 1120.00 1130.00 1140.00 1150.00 1160.00 1170.00 1180.00 1190.00 1200.00 1210.00 1220.00 1230.00 1240.00 1250.00 1260.00 1270.00 1280.00 1290.00 1300.00 1310.00 1320.00 1330.00 1340.00 1350.00 1360.00 1370.00 1380.00 1390.00 1400.00 1500.00 2000.00 2500.00 F 1670.00 1688.00 1706.00 1724.00 1742.00 1760.00 1778.00 1796.00 1814.00 1832.00 1850.00 1868.00 1886.00 1904.00 1922.00 1940.00 1958.00 1976.00 1994.00 2012.00 2030.00 2048.00 2066.00 2084.00 2102.00 2120.00 2138.00 2156.00 2174.00 2192.00 2210.00 2228.00 2246.00 2264.00 2282.00 2300.00 2318.00 2336.00 2354.00 2372.00 2390.00 2408.00 2426.00 2444.00 2462.00 2480.00 2498.00 2516.00 2234.00 2552.00 2732.00 3632.00 4532.00 K 1183.15 1193.15 1203.15 1213.15 1223.15 1233.15 1243.15 1253.15 1263.15 1273.15 1283.15 1393.15 1303.15 1313.15 1323.15 1333.15 1343.15 1353.15 1363.15 1373.15 1383.15 1393.15 1403.15 1413.15 1423.15 1433.15 1443.15 1453.15 1463.15 1473.15 1483.15 1493.15 1503.15 1513.15 1523.15 1533.15 1543.15 1553.15 1563.15 1573.15 1583.15 1593.15 1603.15 1613.15 1623.15 1633.15 1643.15 1653.15 1663.15 1673.15 1783.15 2273.15 2773.15
36
Hardness comparison table Tensile strength, Brinell, Vickers and Rockwell hardness
Tensile strength Rm N/mm2 255 270 285 305 320 335 350 370 385 400 415 430 450 465 480 495 510 530 545 560 575 595 610 625 640 660 675 690 705 720 740 755 770 785 800 820 835 850 865 880 900 915 930 950 965 995 1030 1060 1095 1125 1155 1190 1220 1255 1290 1320 1350 1385 1420 1455 1485 1520 1555 1595 1630 1665 1700 1740 1775 1810 1845 1880 1920 1955 1995 Brinell hardness Ball indentation mm d HB 6.63 6.45 6.30 6.16 6.01 5.90 5.75 5.65 5.54 5.43 5.33 5.26 5.16 5.08 4.99 4.93 4.85 4.79 4.71 4.66 4.59 4.53 4.47 4.43 4.37 4.32 4.27 4.22 4.18 4.13 4.08 4.05 4.01 3.97 3.92 3.89 3.86 3.82 3.78 3.75 3.72 3.69 3.66 3.63 3.60 3.54 3.49 3.43 3.39 3.34 3.29 3.25 3.21 3.17 3.13 3.09 3.06 3.02 2.99 2.95 2.92 2.89 2.86 2.83 2.81 2.78 2.75 2.73 2.70 2.68 2.66 2.63 2.60 2.59 2.57 76.0 80.7 85.5 90.2 95.0 99.8 105 109 114 119 124 128 133 138 143 147 152 156 162 166 171 176 181 185 190 195 199 204 209 214 219 223 228 233 238 242 247 252 257 261 266 271 276 280 285 295 304 314 323 333 342 352 361 371 380 390 399 409 418 428 437 447 (456) (466) (475) (485) (494) (504) (513) (523) (532) (542) (551) (561) (570) Vickers hardness HV 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220 225 230 235 240 245 250 255 260 265 270 275 280 285 290 295 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 580 590 600 HRB 41.0 48.0 52.0 56.2 62.3 66.7 71.2 75.0 78.7 81.7 85.0 87.1 89.5 91.5 92.5 93.5 94.0 95.0 96.0 96.7 98.1 99.5 (101) (102) (104) (105) Rockwell hardness HRC 20.3 21.3 22.2 23.1 24.0 24.8 25.6 26.4 27.1 27.8 28.5 29.2 29.8 31.0 32.2 33.3 34.4 35.5 36.6 37.7 38.8 39.8 40.8 41.8 42.7 43.6 44.5 45.3 46.1 46.9 47.7 48.4 49.1 49.8 50.5 51.1 51.7 52.3 53.0 53.6 54.1 54.7 55.2 HR 30 N 41.7 42.5 43.4 44.2 45.0 45.7 46.4 47.2 47.8 48.4 49.0 49.7 50.2 51.3 52.3 53.6 54.4 55.4 56.4 57.4 58.4 59.3 60.2 61.1 61.9 62.7 63.5 64.3 64.9 65.7 66.4 67.1 67.7 68.3 69.0 69.5 70.0 70.5 71.2 71.7 72.1 72.7 73.2 Tensile strength Rm N/mm2 2030 2070 2105 2145 2180 Brinell hardness Ball indentation mm d HB 2.54 2.52 2.51 2.49 2.47 (580) (589) (599) (608) (618) Vickers hardness HV 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 HRB Rockwell hardness HRC 55.7 56.3 56.8 57.3 57.8 58.3 58.8 59.2 59.7 60.1 61.0 61.8 62.5 63.3 64.0 64.7 65.3 65.9 66.4 67.0 67.5 68.0 HR 30 N 73.7 74.2 74.6 75.1 75.5 75.9 76.4 76.8 77.2 77.6 78.4 79.1 79.7 80.4 81.1 81.7 82.2 82.7 83.1 83.6 84.0 84.4
Conversions of hardness values using this conversion table are only approximate. See DIN 50 150, December 1976.
Tensile strength Brinell hardness1) 1) Calculated from: HB = 0.95 HV
N/mm2 Diameter of the ball indentation in mm
Rm d
(0.102 F/D2 = 30) D = 10 Vickers hardness
Hardness value =
0.102 2 F D (D D2 d2)
HB
Diamond pyramid Test forces 50 N Ball 1.588 mm (1/16) Total test force = 98 N Diamond cone Total test force = 1471 N Diamond cone Total test force = 294 N
HV
Rockwell hardness
HRB
HRC
HR 30 N
37
List of photos
Page Cover 3 4 4 45 5 6 6 67 6-7 7 7 Source Bernex Mller Bernex Mller Bernex Xaloy Carl Gommann Carl Gommann Steinmetz Bernex Xaloy Brninghaus Hydromatic Cincinnati Extrusion Cincinnati Extrusion Carl Gommann Cincinnati Extrusion Object/Motif Screw Screw Twin cylinder Gear wheel Gear wheels Team meeting Cylinder A4VG variable displacement pump Screw Screws Gear wheels Screws
8 8-9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 14 14 14 14-15 15 15 33 35 35 36
Steinmetz Steinmetz Company photo Bavaria Company photo Bavaria Bernex Xaloy Bernex Xaloy Brninghaus Hydromatic Zefa Steinmetz Carl Gommann Company photo Company photo Company photo Company photo Company photo Company photo Company photo Company photo Steinmetz Calow Steinmetz Bernex Xaloy Cincinnati Extrusion Cincinnati Extrusion Carl Gommann
Material store for rotary hearth furnace Rudder spindles/shafts Bar stock store Hydroelectric power station Wheel loader Formula 1 racing car Screw Screw Axial piston motor Motorcycle Bumper production Gear wheel Electric arc furnace Vacuum plant Continuous casting plant Slab ESR plant Control room, 3000 t press Forging bar steel Blooming mill Rotary hearth furnace Peeling machine Removal from the rotary hearth furnace Cylinder Screw Screw kit Gear wheels
38
General note (liability) All statements regarding the properties of utilisation of the materials or products mentioned are for the purposes of description only. Guarantees regarding the existence of certain properties or a certain utilisation are only ever valid if agreed upon in writing.
39
NITRODUR NITRODUR
NITRODUR NITRODUR
NITRODUR NITRODUR
Nitriding steels
Sales - Nitriding steels Tel. (+49) (0)2302/294346 Fax (+49) (0)2302/294687 E-mail: ressing@ewkgmbh.de Quality Department Tel. (+49) (0)2302/294020 Fax (+49) (0)2302/294436 Tel. (+49) (0)2151/832046 Fax (+49) (0)2151/8341563 41 56
EDELSTAHL WITTEN-KREFELD GMBH

Auestrasse 4, 58452 Witten/GERMANY Tel. (+49) (0)2302/294307 Fax (+49) (9)2302/294308 E-mail: pfahl@ewk.thyssen.com Internet: www.edelstahl-witten-krefeld.de
c2/2001

Nitriding Steel

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EDELSTAHL WITTEN-KREFELD GMBH

Page 12 13 Page 14 15 Page 16

Steel production Steel processing Overview of grades and chemical composition

Page 17 Page 18 29 Page 30 Page 31 35

Page 36 Page 37 Page 38

Temperature comparison Hardness comparison table List of photos

the right one for hot jobs

High fatigue strength Specific hardenability

adapted to elevated temperatures

Customised heat treatment

Nitrodur steel grades

NITRODUR 14 CrMoV 5-9

Weve got the finest

NITRODUR 15 CrMoV 5-9

specialities in stock for you

General mechanical engineering

and precision for increased safety

Machine tool manufacture

Our own steel production in our modern steelworks in Witten is

Our expertise in steel is

Electroslag remelting process

Main production routes

Ladle degassing station (VD/VOD)

EDELSTAHL WITTEN-KREFELD GMBH THYSSEN KRUPP STAHL AG

production something you can rely on

Heat treatment facilities

As-forged Peeling machines Finishing departments, rolling mills As-rolled

Continuous bloom aster, 475 x 340 mm, 2 strands

Nitrodur reliable materials

Hot forming and finishing

nitriding steel, the way you need it

Overview of grades and chemical composition

Si 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40

0.80 1.20 0.80 1.20 0.80 1.20

As-peeled straightness 2 mm/m, 1 mm/m or closer as a function of dimensions on request

3 - 10 m, on request 30 m max. as a function of dia. and max. bar dead weight of 7 t

ISA-Tol. 8 or comparable tolerance

As-cast ingots/c.c. blooms Open-die forgings

Forgings forged to shape on request (drawing)

NITRODUR 15 CrMoV 5-9

1.20 1.50 0.80 1.10 0.20 0.30

Mechanical properties in different treatment conditions

Quenched and tempered QT

100 100 < d 250

900 1100 850 1050

Hardness in different treatment conditions

Treated for shearing S HB max. 255

Soft annealed A HB max. 248

Nitrided, surface hardness HV1 approx. 800

Heat treatment Soft annealing

NITRODUR 15 CrMoV 5-9

Pre-treatment: Hardening: Heat treatment cross-section:

980 C, 30 min./air 980 C, 30 min./oil 60 mm dia.

100,0 87,5 75,0 62,5 50,0 37,5 25,0 12,5 0,0

1750 1500 1250 1000 750 500 250 0 450

150 125 100 75 50 25 0

Tempering temperature in C (tempering time: 2 hours)

Notch impact energy

Time-temperaturetransformation diagram (continuous)

1200 1100 1000 900 800

F 700 A 600 500 400 M 300 200 100 0

103 102 100

104 103 101

105 104 102