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UNI EN 15316-3-2
TESTO INGLESE
La presente norma la versione ufficiale in lingua inglese della norma europea EN 15316-3-2 (edizione ottobre 2007) e tiene conto delle correzioni introdotte il 24 ottobre 2007.
ICS
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PREMESSA NAZIONALE
La presente norma costituisce il recepimento, in lingua inglese, della norma europea EN 15316-3-2 (edizione ottobre 2007 con correzioni del 24 ottobre 2007), che assume cos lo status di norma nazionale italiana. La presente norma stata elaborata sotto la competenza dellente federato allUNI CTI - Comitato Termotecnico Italiano La presente norma stata ratificata dal Presidente dellUNI ed entrata a far parte del corpo normativo nazionale il 22 maggio 2008.
Le norme UNI sono elaborate cercando di tenere conto dei punti di vista di tutte le parti interessate e di conciliare ogni aspetto conflittuale, per rappresentare il reale stato dellarte della materia ed il necessario grado di consenso. Chiunque ritenesse, a seguito dellapplicazione di questa norma, di poter fornire suggerimenti per un suo miglioramento o per un suo adeguamento ad uno stato dellarte in evoluzione pregato di inviare i propri contributi allUNI, Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione, che li terr in considerazione per leventuale revisione della norma stessa. Le norme UNI sono revisionate, quando necessario, con la pubblicazione di nuove edizioni o di aggiornamenti. importante pertanto che gli utilizzatori delle stesse si accertino di essere in possesso dellultima edizione e degli eventuali aggiornamenti. Si invitano inoltre gli utilizzatori a verificare lesistenza di norme UNI corrispondenti alle norme EN o ISO ove citate nei riferimenti normativi. UNI EN 15316-3-2:2008 UNI Pagina II
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EN 15316-3-2
October 2007
English Version
Heating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 3-2: Domestic hot water systems, distribution
Systmes de chauffage dans les btiments - Mthode de calcul des besoins nergtiques et des rendements des systmes - Partie 3-2 : Systmes de production d'eau chaude sanitaire, distribution Heizungsanlagen in Gebuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 3-2: Trinkwassererwrmung, Verteilung
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 August 2007. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG
B-1050 Brussels
2007 CEN
All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.
UNI EN 15316-3-2:2008
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EN 15316-3-2:2007 (E)
Contents
Page
Foreword..............................................................................................................................................................4 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................6 1 2 3 4 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 6 6.1 6.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2.4 6.2.5 6.2.6 6.2.7 6.2.8 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 6.3.4 6.3.5 6.4 6.5 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 8 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................7 Normative references ............................................................................................................................7 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................7 Symbols, units and indices ................................................................................................................10 Domestic hot water system characteristics......................................................................................11 General..................................................................................................................................................11 Single zone and single system...........................................................................................................12 Single zone and multiple systems .....................................................................................................12 Multiple zones with single system .....................................................................................................13 Distribution thermal losses ................................................................................................................13 Total distribution thermal losses .......................................................................................................13 Thermal losses from individual distribution pipe section...............................................................14 General..................................................................................................................................................14 Thermal losses from pipes based on dwelling area ........................................................................14 Thermal losses from pipes based on pipe lengths and number of tappings per day..................15 Thermal losses from pipes based on pipe lengths and distribution efficiencies.........................15 Thermal losses from pipes based on pipe lengths and tapping profiles ......................................16 Thermal losses from pipes based on pipe lengths and average temperature..............................16 Heat energy lost due to wasted hot water.........................................................................................16 Time periods.........................................................................................................................................16 Thermal losses from circulation loop................................................................................................16 General..................................................................................................................................................16 Thermal losses from circulation loop based on pipe length and a fixed value of heat loss .......16 Thermal losses from circulation loop based on a physical approach ...........................................17 Additional thermal losses from circulation loop during periods of no circulation ......................17 Total thermal loss from circulation loop ...........................................................................................17 Thermal losses due to accessories ...................................................................................................18 User outlets ..........................................................................................................................................18 Auxiliary energy ...................................................................................................................................18 Total auxiliary energy consumption ..................................................................................................18 Auxiliary energy consumption for ribbon heating ...........................................................................18 Auxiliary energy consumption for pumps ........................................................................................19 General..................................................................................................................................................19 Simplified method................................................................................................................................19 Detailed calculation method ...............................................................................................................20 Recoverable, recovered and unrecoverable system losses ...........................................................20
Annex A (informative) Calculation of thermal losses from pipes based on pipe lengths and the number of tappings per day ...............................................................................................................22 Annex B (informative) Calculation of thermal losses from pipes based on pipe lengths and distribution efficiencies ......................................................................................................................24 Annex C (informative) Calculation of thermal losses from pipes based on pipe lengths and tapping profiles ....................................................................................................................................26 Annex D (informative) Calculation of thermal losses from circulation loop ...............................................28
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EN 15316-3-2:2007 (E)
Calculation of thermal losses based on pipe length .......................................................................28 Thermal losses based on a detailed calculation method................................................................28 General .................................................................................................................................................28 Determination of length of pipe sections..........................................................................................28 Determination of heat transfer coefficients ......................................................................................31 Tabulated method for calculation of linear thermal transmittance ................................................33 Determination of average ambient temperature...............................................................................34 Determination of average hot water temperature of pipe section..................................................34
Annex E (informative) Calculation of thermal losses from user outlets .....................................................35 Annex F (informative) Calculation of auxiliary energy requirement of a circulation pump ......................36 F.1 Simplified method for calculation of auxiliary energy requirement of a circulation pump .........36 F.2 Detailed method for calculation of auxiliary energy requirement of a circulation pump ............36 F.2.1 Hydraulic energy requirement ...........................................................................................................36 F.2.2 Hydraulic power required by the pump.............................................................................................36 F.2.3 Duration of the provision of domestic hot water .............................................................................37 F.2.4 Pump performance coefficient...........................................................................................................38 F.2.5 Intermittent pump operation...............................................................................................................39 F.2.6 Expenditure value coefficient ............................................................................................................39 F.3 Auxiliary energy recoverable factor ..................................................................................................40 Bibliography......................................................................................................................................................41
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EN 15316-3-2:2007 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 15316-3-2:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228 Heating systems in buildings, the secretariat of which is held by DS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2008. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association (Mandate M/343), and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2002/91/EC on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD). It forms part of a series of standards aimed at European harmonisation of the methodology for calculation of the energy performance of buildings. An overview of the whole set of standards is given in prCEN/TR 15615. The subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are the following: design of heating systems (water based, electrical etc.); installation of heating systems; commissioning of heating systems; instructions for operation, maintenance and use of heating systems; methods for calculation of the design heat loss and heat loads; methods for calculation of the energy performance of heating systems.
Heating systems also include the effect of attached systems such as hot water production systems. All these standards are systems standards, i.e. they are based on requirements addressed to the system as a whole and not dealing with requirements to the products within the system. Where possible, reference is made to other European or International Standards, a.o. product standards. However, use of products complying with relevant product standards is no guarantee of compliance with the system requirements. The requirements are mainly expressed as functional requirements, i.e. requirements dealing with the function of the system and not specifying shape, material, dimensions or the like. The guidelines describe ways to meet the requirements, but other ways to fulfil the functional requirements might be used if fulfilment can be proved. Heating systems differ among the member countries due to climate, traditions and national regulations. In some cases requirements are given as classes so national or individual needs may be accommodated. In cases where the standards contradict with national regulations, the latter should be followed.
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EN 15316-3-2:2007 (E)
EN 15316 Heating systems in buildings Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies consists of the following parts: Part 1: General Part 2-1: Space heating emission systems Part 2-3: Space heating distribution systems Part 3-1: Domestic hot water systems, characterisation of needs (tapping requirements) Part 3-2: Domestic hot water systems, distribution Part 3-3: Domestic hot water systems, generation Part 4-1: Space heating generation systems, combustion systems (boilers) Part 4-2: Space heating generation systems, heat pump systems Part 4-3: Heat generation systems, thermal solar systems Part 4-4: Heat generation systems, building-integrated cogeneration systems Part 4-5: Space heating generation systems, the performance and quality of district heating and large volume systems Part 4-6: Heat generation systems, photovoltaic systems Part 4-7: Space heating generation systems, biomass combustion systems According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
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EN 15316-3-2:2007 (E)
Introduction
This European Standard is one of a number of standards that together describe methods for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies related to domestic hot water systems. In particular this European Standard specifies methods for calculation of the energy losses of the distribution system. The user needs to refer to other European Standards or to national documents for input data and detailed calculation procedures not provided by this European Standard. Only the calculation methods are normative. Values necessary to complete the calculations should be given in a national annex.
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UNI EN 15316-3-2:2008
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EN 15316-3-2:2007 (E)
Scope
This European Standard is part of a set of standards covering methods for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies of heating systems in buildings. In particular this European Standard is one of a number of standards dealing with domestic hot water systems. The scope of this specific part is to standardise the methods for calculation of: thermal losses from the domestic hot water distribution system; recoverable thermal losses for space heating from the domestic hot water distribution system; auxiliary energy of the domestic hot water distribution system.
These values are input data for calculation of the overall energy use according to prEN 15603 and EN 15316-1. This European Standard specifies the: inputs; calculation methods; outputs.
Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Not applicable
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 auxiliary energy electrical energy used by technical building systems for heating, cooling, ventilation and/or domestic hot water to support energy transformation to satisfy energy needs
NOTE 1 This includes energy for fans, pumps, electronics etc. Electrical energy input to a ventilation system for air transport and heat recovery is not considered as auxiliary energy, but as energy use for ventilation. NOTE 2 In EN ISO 9488, the energy used for pumps and valves is called "parasitic energy".
3.2 building construction as a whole, including its envelope and all technical building systems, for which energy is used to condition the indoor climate, to provide domestic hot water and illumination and other services related to the use of the building
NOTE The term can refer to the building as a whole or to parts thereof that have been designed or altered to be used separately.
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EN 15316-3-2:2007 (E)
3.3 circulation loop part of the domestic hot water distribution system where the water circulation is maintained by a pump operating continuously or in cycles during a day
NOTE Where there is a circulation loop, there are heat losses from the pipes during the whole period of water circulation and not only related to hot water draw-offs.
3.4 calculation period period of time over which the calculation is performed
NOTE The calculation period can be divided into a number of calculation steps.
3.5 domestic hot water heating process of heat supply to raise the temperature of the cold water to the intended delivery temperature 3.6 domestic hot water distribution system distribution pipes installed between the heat generator or hot water storage vessel (if present) and the user outlet or outlets. The domestic hot water distribution system may include a circulation loop and individual sections 3.7 individual section of the domestic hot water distribution system part of the domestic hot water distribution system where the circulation of the domestic hot water is not maintained by a pump but only due to the draw offs
NOTE The heat losses occur due to the energy used in heating up the pipes and fittings of the distribution system.
3.8 energy need for domestic hot water heat to be delivered to the needed amount of domestic hot water to raise its temperature from the cold network temperature to the prefixed delivery temperature at the delivery point, not taking into account the technical building thermal systems 3.9 energy use for space heating or cooling or domestic hot water energy input to the space heating or cooling system or the domestic hot water system to satisfy the energy need for space heating or cooling (including dehumidification) or domestic hot water, respectively
NOTE If the technical building system serves several purposes (e.g. space heating and domestic hot water), it can be difficult to split the energy use into that used for each purpose. It can be indicated as a combined quantity (e.g. energy need for space heating and domestic hot water).
3.10 heating or cooling season period of the year during which a significant amount of energy for heating or cooling is needed
NOTE The season lengths are used to determine the operation period of technical systems.
3.11 heat recovery heat generated by a technical building system or linked to a building use (e.g. domestic hot water) which is utilised directly in the related system to lower the heat input and which would otherwise be wasted (e.g. preheating of the combustion air by flue gas heat exchanger)
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EN 15316-3-2:2007 (E)
3.12 recoverable system thermal loss part of a system thermal loss which can be recovered to lower either the energy need for heating or cooling or the energy use of the heating or cooling system
NOTE This depends on the calculation approach chosen to calculate the recovered gains and losses (holistic or simplified approach).
3.13 recovered system thermal loss part of the recoverable system thermal loss which has been recovered to lower either the energy need for heating or cooling or the energy use of the heating or cooling system 3.14 ribbon heating also called trace heating. Electrical resistance enveloping the pipes (one way) used to compensate the heat loss of the pipes in order to maintain the domestic hot water temperature in the distribution system at a required temperature 3.15 system boundary boundary that includes within it all areas associated with the building (both inside and outside the building) where energy is consumed or produced
NOTE Inside the system boundary the system losses are taken into account explicitly, outside the system boundary they are taken into account in the conversion factor.
3.16 system thermal loss thermal loss from a technical building system for heating, cooling, domestic hot water, humidification, dehumidification, or ventilation or lighting that does not contribute to the useful output of the system
NOTE 1 A system loss can become an internal heat gain for the building, if it is recovered.
NOTE 2 Thermal energy recovered directly in the subsystem is not considered as a system thermal loss but as heat recovery and directly treated in the related system standard. NOTE 3 Heat dissipated by the lighting system or by other services (e.g. appliances of computer equipment) is not part of the system thermal losses, but part of the internal heat gains.
3.17 tapping program 24-hour cycle that defines a number of domestic hot water draw-off requirements: succession of energy needs corresponding to uses of domestic hot water during a day 3.18 technical building system technical equipment for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water, lighting and electricity production composed of sub-systems
NOTE 1 A technical building system can refer to one or to several building services (e.g. heating system, space heating and domestic hot water system). NOTE 2 Electricity production can include cogeneration and photovoltaic systems.
3.19 technical building sub-system part of a technical building system that performs a specific function (e.g. heat generation, heat distribution, heat emission)
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EN 15316-3-2:2007 (E)
3.20 zone part of a building for which the energy need for domestic hot water is to be calculated
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and units (Table 1) and indices (Table 2) apply. Table 1 Symbols and units
Symbol A b c e D f h L m n t Q Name of quantity area location factor specific heat capacity system performance coefficient (expenditure factor) diameter conversion factor height length mass number of operating times time, period of time quantity of heat, energy thermal power electrical power heat loss coefficient volume auxiliary (electrical) energy energy loss factor efficiency celsius temperature heat conductivity Unit m J/(kg K) m m m kg s J W W W/mK m J C W/mK
3 2
V W
Table 2 Indices
amb avg B col dis e em f ambient average building circulation loop (collective) distribution external emission floor gen hs hydr in ind int ls nhs generation heated space hydraulic input to system individual internal losses non heated space nom on off out pmp rib tap W nominal circulation no circulation output from system pump trace heating deliveries domestic hot water
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EN 15316-3-2:2007 (E)
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5.1
The domestic hot water distribution system is given as one or more pipes installed between the heat generator or hot water storage vessel (if present) and the user outlet or outlets. The domestic hot water distribution system may include a circulation loop. The most basic system, for which this method is applied, consists of a single distribution pipe connecting a single heat generator, or a storage vessel, and a user outlet (e.g. tap or shower head). This is shown in Figure 1.
Key
1 generation 2 storage 3 distribution 4 emission
Figure 1 Basic domestic hot water system components If the building is used for different applications or is divided between different users, the method can be applied to the entire building or to part of the building, as required. The calculation method can also be applied to a building or to part of a building, where there is more than one domestic hot water system installed. For the
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EN 15316-3-2:2007 (E)
purposes of these calculations, the buildings are considered in terms of the number of zones into which they are divided and the number of domestic hot water systems within these zones. A zone is defined as a building or part of a building, for which the energy need for domestic hot water is to be calculated.
5.2
The simplest installation is a single system within a single zone (see Figure 1).
5.3
This installation corresponds to a zone in which the energy need for domestic hot water is provided by means of more than one domestic hot water generator. In a domestic building, this may be one generator providing domestic hot water to a bathroom and another generator providing domestic hot water to a kitchen (see Figure 2). In non-domestic buildings, the installation depends on the building sector.
Figure 2 Domestic hot water system, single zone and multiple systems Calculation of system losses shall be carried out separately for each system. The total system loss for the zone is the sum of the system losses of each system. Each distribution system shall be kept separate in order to define the heat load on the heat generator along with the corresponding domestic hot water demand.
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EN 15316-3-2:2007 (E)
5.4
This installation corresponds to a building split into a number of separate zones, for which there is a common single domestic hot water system, e.g. a block of flats with a central boiler (see Figure 3).
Figure 3 Domestic hot water system, multiple zones and single system The total system loss is calculated for the system, and the total thermal loss is the sum of thermal losses of each zone.
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6.1
For the calculations, the distribution system is considered divided into two parts: a circulation loop, if present, and the individual distribution pipes to the user outlet or outlets. The thermal losses of each part are calculated separately. The total thermal loss part as follows:
QW ,dis ,ls of the distribution system is calculated by adding the thermal losses of each
(MJ/day)
(1)
where