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USES OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS. FEASIBILITY STUDY. ORIENTATION. DESIGN PHILOSOPHIES. STRUCTURAL PLANNING. BUILDING BYE-LAWS
S.P-16 456-2000
Independent and silent atmosphere. Possessions of shelter with security of tense also reduce personal and social tension.
CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS
GROUP-A GROUP-B GROUP-C GROUP-D GROUP-E GROUP-F GROUP-G GROUP-H GROUP-I : : : : : : : : : Residential Buildings Educational Buildings Institutional Buildings Assembly Buildings Business Buildings Mercantile Buildings Industrial Buildings Storage Buildings Hazardous Buildings
: :
not.
If not so, whether there is fire
Cost of land.
Longitudinal sectioning, cross sectioning, contour survey depending on the nature of work. Alignment of roads.
Estimate the cost of constructions. Exploration of soils.
a mason or starting the work. It always better to have a site engineer. Selection of materials should be cautions. Approximate cost of construction of the buildings.
SIZE OF ROOMS
STANDARD TYPE
ORDINARY TYPE
Store room
Dressing room Bath and water closet
Latrine
Bath verandah
------------------2.5x3m(8to 10)
1.2x1.8m(4x4)
1.2x1.8m(4x6) 1.8 to 2.5m(6to8)
Servant room
Height of main rooms Height of other rooms
3x6m(10x10)
3.6x4.8m(12x16) 3.0m(10)
Solar heat
The stress-strain diagram (HYDS) bars exhibit and almost continuous curvature without define in points.
The condition and the state at which structure becomes unfit are called the limit state.
The most important factor to be considered in limit state method of designing are as follows;
Limit state of collapse Limit state of serviceability
Deflection
Cracking Vibration
LINE DIAGRAM
Spacing b/w two columns is governed by limitations on spans of supported beam. Controlling the deflection and cracking. Avoided inside a big hall as it mars the functional utility.
Reduce the beam moment.
Width of column is required to keep not less than 225mm. At intersection of two walls at right angles, where 105mm side of column. 150mm thickness may become inadequate for the lowest storey columns carrying heavier loads.
COLUMN POSITIONING
Fig : COLUMN
LOADS ON COLUMS CORNER, INTERMADIATE, SIDE COLUMNS: Loads from Beams B1=WLeff /2 Total load from each floor= Load from four floors = Self-weight = Factored load = Total load =
DESIGN OF COLUMNS CORNER, INTERMEDIATE, SIDE COLUMNS: Size of column: Factored load : Section : PU/ (fck x b x D)
ECCENTRICITY: [L/500 + d/30] CALCULATE MOMENT DUE TO ECCENTRICITY: MU =PU x e AREA OF STEEL: Ast = 0.8 x b x D/ 100 DESIGN OF LATERAL TIES: The pitch of the lateral ties is the least of the following: Its lateral dimension of the column 16 x Effective cover =
Columns
Size in mm
Load in KN
C1
C2 C3 C4
230X230
230X230 230X230 230X230
452.275
668.861 678.948 855.440
C5
C6 C7
230X230
230X230 230X230
627.050
743.548 975.396
C8 C9
C10 C11
230X230 230X230
230X230 230X230
962.860 1222.188
961.808 521.050
C12
C13 C14 C15
230X230
230X230 230X230 230X230
732.684
729.964 922.756 685.82
LOAD ON BEAMS Span: Assuming beam size- (230 x 330) Load calculations: Wall load Self-weight Slab load Triangular load= Wl/3 Total weight on beam = (Wall load + self-weight+ slab load)
B3
7.06
12
1.89
31.5
B4
9.39
12
1.89
34.9
B5
13.88
5.97
1.89
32.61
B6
13.64
5.97
1.89
32.25
B7
14.12
5.97
1.89
32.97
B8
19.61
5.97
1.89
41.20
B9
7.06
12
1.89
31.5
B10
6.82
12
1.89
31.1
B11
7.06
12
1.89
31.5
B12 B13
10.22 8.28
12 12
1.89 1.89
36.2 33.26
B14
7.24
12
1.89
31.7
B15
B16
B17
B18
B19
B20
B21
B22
From S1 & S2 Trapezoidal load From S6 & S7 Trapezoidal load From S6 & S7 Trapezoidal load From S2 & S3 Trapezoidal load From S3 & S4 Trapezoidal load From S5 & S6 Triangular load From S5 Trapezoidal load From S4 Triangular load
14.48
5.97
1.89
33.51
16.23
5.97
1.89
36.14
15.99
5.97
1.89
35.8
14.51
5.97
1.89
33.55
14.56
5.97
1.89
33.62
16.38
5.97
1.89
36.36
7.85
12
1.89
32.61
6.82
12
1.89
31.1
FRAME ANALYSIS
CORRECTION AT B: Nature of moments = MOMENTS DUE TO FIXED END: Free end moments of AB = W1 L12/8
DESIGNING OF BEAM: MOMENTS: MU at left support = MU at mid support = MU at right support = Reinforcement at left, mid, right support: Calculate limiting moment of resistance =MU CHECK: MU < MU LIMIT AREA OF REINFORCEMENT: Ast Required = Ast Provided=
Steel beam
Slab on GROUND
DESIGN OF SLAB
SLAB S1: fck = 20N/mm2 , fy = 415N/mm2 i ) SPAN: ly/lx <2, Hence it is a TWO WAY SLAB. ii ) THICKNESS OF SLAB:Provide overall depth of slab is 130mm iii) EFFECTIVE SPAN: ly/lx<2 iv) LOAD CALCULATION:Assume b=1000mm2 Self weight of slab = b X D X unit weight of R.C.C. Live load = 2 KN/m2
Floor finish = 1 KN/m2 Total load W =6.25 KN/m2 Factor load = 1.5 X W
V ) BENDING MOMENTS AND SHEAR FORCES:TYPE OF PANEL: Two adjacent edges are discontinuous. NOTE: This slab corresponds case-4 of Table 26 of Is :456-2000 Bending moments co-efficient values are taken from IS : 456 2000.
(-)ve BM@ CONTINUOUS EDGE IN SHORT SPAN Mux(-)ve = x(-)ve x Wu lx2 (+)ve BM@ MID SPAN IN SHORT SPAN
Mux(+)ve = x(+)ve x Wu lx2
Vu = Wu l/2
VI) MINIMUM DEPTH REQUIRED:Mu limit = 0.138 fck bd2 Note:- [ equate Mux(-)ve to limit moment of Resistance] Mux(-)ve = 0.138 fck bd2 VII) REINFORCEMENT:(-)ve Reinforcement along in shorter direction at supports. Mux(-)ve = .87 fy Ast X d [1- fyAst/fckbd]
SLAB
Lx in m
Ly in m
DEPTH D IN m 130
FACTORE Main Distribution D LOAD IN reinforceme reinforceme KN/m nt nt 9.375 8mm dia. bars@300m m c/c 8mm dia. bars@300m m c/c 8mm dia. bars@300m m c/c 8mm dia. bars@300m m c/c
S1
3.163
3.385
S2
3.163
3.391
130
9.375
S3
3.28
3.4
130
9.375
S4
3.415
5.295
130
9.375
S5
3.9
5.3
130
9.375
S6
3.9
6.43
130
9.375
S7
3.32
4.12
130
9.375
Types of foundation
Shallow foundations Deep foundations
Shallow foundations (sometimes called 'spread footings') include pads ('isolated footings'), strip footings and rafts. Deep foundations include piles, pile walls, diaphragm walls and caissons.
Pad foundations
Used to support an individual
rectangular.
Usually consist of a block or slab
of uniform thickness, but they may be stepped or haunched if they are required to spread the load from a heavy column.
Pad foundations are usually
Strip foundations
Strip foundations are used to support a line of loads, either due to a load-bearing wall, or if a line of columns need supporting where column positions are so close that individual pad foundations would be inappropriate.
Raft foundations
A raft foundation normally consists of a concrete slab which extends
settlements as the concrete slab resists differential movements between loading positions.
They are often needed on soft or loose soils with low bearing capacity
Deep foundations
Piles
Piled foundations can be classified according to the type of pile (different structures to be supported, and different ground conditions, require different types of resistance) and the type of construction (different materials, structures and processes can be used).
Types of pile
End bearing piles
Friction piles Settlement reducing piles
Tension piles
Laterally loaded piles
Piles in fill
Piles are often used because adequate bearing capacity can not be found at shallow enough depths to support the structural loads. It is important to understand that piles get support from both end bearing and skin friction. The proportion of carrying capacity generated by either end bearing or skin friction depends on the soil conditions. Piles can be used to support various different types of structural loads.
Table 9 Minumum Width of Concrete or Masonry Footings (inches) 1 Load-Bearing Value of Soil (psf) 1,500 2,000 3,000
4,000
2-story
3-story
15
23
12
17
12
12
12
12
4-INCH BRICK VENEER OVER LIGHT FRAME OR 8-INCH HOLLOW CONCRETE MASONRY 1-story 2-story 3-story 12 21 32 12 16 24 12 12 16 12 12 12
source:Internationl Residential Code for One- and Two-Family Dwellings, Table R403.1 International Code Council (Falls Church, VA, 2003). 1 Where minimum footing width is 12", a single wythe of solid or fully grouted 12"nominal concrete masonry units is permitted to be used. psf = pounds per square foot
Service area.
Other area. Stair case.
S.NO.
TYPE OF PLOT
PLINTH AREA
1
2 3 4
A type of plot
B type of plot C type of plot D type of plot
1000sq.m
750sq.m 500sq.m 225sq.m
Height sunshades may project up to a maximum width of 60cm(2ft). No projection of any sort is permissible on road
be more than the width of front open space plus width of the road.
Maximum height shall be such that no part of the building
inclusive frames not less than 1/8th of the floor area excluding doors.
Doors and windows shall be not less than 1/4th floor area of the room.
Ventilators not less than two in numbers shall be provided with in
60cm(2ft) from the ceiling having minimum total area of 4% of the floor.
Minimum size of one ventilator shall be 0.28sq.m(3sq.ft) bath rooms
and water closets shall have windows having area not less than 19% of the floor area.
Every latrine shall be connected to sewer if sewer line is with in 30m(100ft) of the site.
Pucca drain shall be provided leading the road side drains, to drain off the surface water. Bath and water closet shall have at least one wall open in the external air chulla or cooking hearth shall be provided with flue and chimney fort smoke to escape.
All the structures shall be so designed built and maintained that the stresses in the materials of construction shall not exceed the safe permissible stresses as laid down by Indian standards.
Assuming safe bearing capacity or soil as 200KN/sq.mt. Any how choosing the limit state design depends on several factors like.