SUMMARY-UNIT 7- WATER AND AIR ON EARTH SCIENCE PRIMARY YEAR 3

WATER AND AIR

All living things need water and air to live. People, animals and plants cant live without water. Water is found in many places and in three states: solid, liquid and gas. Water can be saltwater or freshwater. Most of the water on Earth is saltwater. Oceans and seas are saltwater. Rivers, lakes, icecaps, icebergs, groundwater and reservoirs are freshwater.

People and animals cant breathe without air.

Plants cant grow without air. Air is found in the atmosphere.

CHARACTERISTICS OF AIR

Air is all around us but we cant see it. Air is a mixture of gases: oxygen, nitrogen and other gases. Air and water have no smell, no taste and no colour.

WIND

Wind is moving air. Hot air goes up. Cold air goes down The difference in air temperature causes wind. Wind moves clouds.

There are different types of wind:

Its CALM when there is no wind or we cant feel any wind.

A BREEZE is a little wind. A breeze moves the leaves on the trees.

A GALE is a strong wind. A gale moves the branches on trees and can sometimes blow trees down.

A HURRICANE is a very strong wind. A hurricane can destroy houses and other buildings.

WEATHER
Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a certain time in a certain place. Weather changes all the time. It can be sunny, cloudy, foggy, windy, raining or snowing. When it is hot the temperature is high. When it is cold the temperature is low. Precipitation is water falling from the atmosphere to the ground. Precipitation can be liquid, such as rain or solid such as snow or hail (balls of ice).
Weather forecast map (UK and Ireland)

INSTRUMENTS TO MEASURE WEATHER

An anemometer measures wind speed. A weather vane measures wind direction. A rain gauge measures rainfall. A thermometer measures temperature.
EAST SOUTH WEST NORTH

FRESHWATER

Freshwater can be drinking or non-drinking water. Water from rivers and lakes is non-drinking water. Clean freshwater is drinking water. We can only drink drinking water. People cant live without water so we must SAVE WATER.

THE WATER CYCLE

When the water vapour cools, it turns into water drops and forms clouds. The wind moves the clouds.

When the Sun heats the water, water vapour rises.

EVAPORATION

CONDENSATION

When the clouds cool, water from the clouds falls as rain or snow.
PRECIPITATION

Now the cycle starts again

The water that falls to the ground eventually goes into rivers. Rivers take the water back to the ocean and seas. COLLECTION