Background of the research

SPEAKING IS
Speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing and receiving
and processing information (Brown, 1994; Burns & Joyce, 1997). Its form and meaning are dependent on
the context in which it occurs, including the participants themselves, their collective experiences, the
physical environment, and the purposes for speaking. It is often spontaneous, open-ended, and
evolving. However, speech is not always unpredictable. Language functions (or patterns) that tend to
recur in certain discourse situations (e.g., declining an invitation or requesting time off from work), can
be identified and charted (Burns &Joyce, 1997). For example, when a salesperson asks "May I help you?"
the expected discourse sequence includes a statement of need, response to the need, offer of
appreciation, acknowledgement of the appreciation, and a leave-taking exchange. Speaking requires
that learners not only know how to produce specific points of language such as grammar, pronunciation,
or vocabulary(linguistic competence), but also that they understand when, why, and in what ways to
produce language (sociolinguistic competence). Finally, speech has its own skills, structures, and
conventions different from written language (Burns & Joyce, 1997; Carter & McCarthy, 1995; Cohen,
1996). A good speaker synthesizes this array of skills and knowledge to succeed in a given speech act.


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!mportance of English in Everyday Life

English is a universal language and there are many advantages of speaking this language. Native languages are
spoken only in the nat ive parts of the globe and hence is not understandable by everyone. However if a person can
speak english hefshe can communicate with almost every person around the globe. Nastering this language also has
many advantages as it can be taught to other people in countries where english is less spoken. There are various
aspects in learning english like reading, writing, listening and speaking. There are few people who master all the
aspects but almost everyone tries to master just one aspect, which is, speaking . Speaking english fluently has now a
days become very popular among everybody. Let us futher look at the advantages of speaking in english and how
people can enhance their basic skills to speak correct english .
Advantages of Speaking English

Speaking in English has many advantages as it makes the communication better among two or more people
belonging to different countries or states. English is spoken universally keeping in mind the fact that people cannot
speak all the native languages and hence this is one such medium that brings people on an equal platform where
they communicate effectively. Speaking english has other advantages as well like helping or teaching people learn
english where this language is spoken less or speaking english also forms a par t of your academics where students
are asked to give a speech or a presentation. When ! talk about giving presentations it is important that we explain
things in a better way so that people understand and for that we need to know how to communicate in engl ish
effectively to send the message accross to the audiences. Speaking english also helps a person in various social
events taking part in any part of the globe .
Speaking English - Nandatory

Speaking in english is mandatory now a days. Being a universal l anguage people look forward to communicate in
english. To enhance the speaking skills a person should always practice speaking in english on a daily basis. !t is also
important that they have the basic knowledge of english grammar and words and its only "p ractice" that can make a
person perfect. Speaking english now a days is a mandate however just the basic knowledge of understanding and
speaking this language is required in the beginning so that non - english speakers can atleast communicate to send
their m essage accross to the other people who know this language. Learning a language is always advantageous and
it depends on people to make the best use of it. People should keep in mind that from all the above given
advantages speaking english also gives one a n intellectual advantage .


Tips for Teaching English as a Foreign Language
Have you ever wondered what it would take to start teaching English as a foreign
language? For native English speakers, there are often many opportunities for
traveling overseas and teaching English language arts to students in another
country. You may be wondering if you have to already know another language
when teaching English to others, but some of the best English lessons are often the
result of a teacher who only knows English and therefore forces the students to
speak in English to communicate. This method of teaching where you force your
students to only speak English is known as the direct method or the natural
methodof teaching a foreign language, and focuses heavily on correct pronunciation
and gaining conversational skills.

The first skill you will need to master to start successfully teaching English as a
foreign language is the ability to use body gestures and signs effectively. Many
students find that they learn a new language better when they are forced to
speak only English in the classroom. By refusing to use your student's native
language, you force them to learn English by first using your body language and
gestures to teach them new words, and then using what they've learned to build
even more knowledge. This pattern of learning closely mimics the way babies and
infants learn a language, and therefore this method of teaching often 'sticks' better
than using rote memorization of English words.

Another important strategy when teaching English is to have your students practice
common phrases until they feel completely comfortable with those phrases. This
technique is often used with diplomats and allows the student to focus heavily on
correct pronunciation and accent. For example, teaching the English equivalent of
common greetings, questions, and idioms can go a far way towards teaching
English language arts. It's important when teaching any language to focus on the
most useful and common phrases first, so your students are able to start
conversing right away. There are hundreds of English teaching guides that will help
you choose what sorts of phrases and words to focus on first.

Why Learn English: 10 Reasons to Learn English
There are many reasons to learn English, but because it is one of the most difficult
languages to learn it is important to focus on exactly why it is you want to learn
English. Here we will look at ten great reasons why English is so important. Post
this list somewhere you can see it and it will montivate you to keep going even
when you are tired of trying to figure out which witch is which!


1. English is the most commonly used language among foreign language
speakers. Throughout the world, when people with different languages come
together they commonly use English to communicate.

2. Why learn English when it is so difficult? Well, knowing English will make you
bilingual and more employable in every country in the world.

3. Despite China, the United States is still a leader in technical innovation and
economic development. English is used in the United States and in each of
these fields.

4. English is commonly spoken throughout much of the world due to Great
Britians expansion during the colonial age. People in Australia, New Zealand,
Canada, parts of Africa, India, and many smaller island nations speak
English. English is the commonly adopted second language in Germany,
Norway, Sweden, Denmark and the Netherlands. Speaking English opens
these countries and cultures up to you.

5. Another reason why English is so important is that it is the language of
science. To excel in science you need to know English.

6. English is based on an alphabet and, compared to Chinese, it can be learned
fairly quickly.

7. English is also the language of the Film Industry and English means you no
longer have to rely on subtitles.

8. In the United States, speaking English immediately opens up opportunities
regardless of your ethnicity, color, or background.

9. Learn English and you can then teach your children English -- or if they are
already learning, you can now communicate with them in English.

10.English speakers in the United States earn more money than non-English
speakers. Learning English will open your job prospects and increase your
standard of living.

Importance of Learning a Second Language
13/09/2013 by bloomsburyintl 2 Comments
Todays economy is increasingly
globalized, and this means that many of us are interacting across cultures in a way
we never did before. In such an economy, the importance of learning a second
language becomes self-evident. Learning a second language helps you to
communicate across cultures and to conduct business in lands you may never have
previously considered viable markets. It also helps you to address customers in the
language that they understand best and in which they are most comfortable
communicating. Additionally, the importance of learning a second language is
emphasized every day when we see the diversity of earths cultures and the
amazing array of people that make up our global community.
That said, there is another reason supporting the importance of learning a second
language. Scientific studies have shown that learning a second language improves
brain function and stimulates creativity. When you know a new language, you start
to see connections you didnt see before because every language approaches the
world in a slightly different way. As a result, you have the opportunity to
understand the world from the perspective of another culture and gain a greater
appreciation of human society in all its diversity. As a consequence, the
importance of learning a second language is again reinforced. You become not just
equipped to communicate across cultures but empowered to understand others
points of view.
English as a Second Language
The world is an increasingly globalized place where individuals are
communicating among and between multiple cultures each day. Today, an
individual has access to a vast array of information from a variety of world cultures
at the touch of a button. For those of us in the English speaking world, we take
access to this information for granted. Elsewhere, however, much of the worlds
information is beyond their reach, locked in English. That is one reason why
learning English as a second language has become so popular. In fact, English is
now the worlds most widely spoken second language, surpassing all others. In
fact, more people now speak English as a second language than as their first
language.
As a result, there has never been a greater demand for classes to learn English as a
second language. English is the gateway to a world of knowledge, commerce, and
culture, a lingua franca that gives a student access to the world in a way that other
languages do not. Just as Latin was the most important language for a thousand
years and French for five hundred, English is today the key to participating in the
global conversation. There are a variety of ways to learn English as a second
language, including computer programs, audio tapes, classes, and immersion.
Picking the right method for you requires some insight and self-understanding.
Teaching English as a Second Language
Teaching English as a second language is an important task that produces a number
of powerful rewards. First, there is the feeling of pride that as a teacher you have
made a difference in the life of a student. Second is the contribution you have
made the international community by minting a new speaker of the English
language, one who can now communicate across cultures and worldwide in the
lingua franca of the modern age. Teaching English as a second language is a noble
calling, empowering students to take their places in the global community and
become active participants in the global conversation.
Todays English language learners are a diverse collection of immigrants,
businesspeople, students, and artists who share a dedication to the English
language and a love of learning. Teaching English as a second language to these
students is an honor and a privilege, one that we as educators share with all of
those who strive to give student the tools they need to take on new enterprises and
reach for their dreams. The gift of a second language is a window onto a new
world, bringing into focus a wealth of conversation, information, and
understanding that would otherwise be forever closed to the students who seek to
learn a new language. We therefore look forward every day to giving our students
the tools to succeed in all their dreams.
English Learning Attitude
The idea of learning English to the non-native English speaker or speaker from a
foreign country can create a great deal of both havoc and potential inspiration and
means for success in a persons life. Specifically, it takes a lot of courage,
dedication and a positive attitude to create a positive personal space for English
learning. Attitude factors aside, the work that is involved in learning English is
great, and without at least a sense of what will happen at the end of the long road
of studying English, the learner could potentially grow frustrated and give up the
effort to learn English.
In addition, the potential student of English learning may well be greeted by
dissidence among family and friends, where it is encouraged to go along with the
norm and study in ones home country in ones native language. But, if one has the
determination and personality that can be described as an English learning
attitude one should take the task of learning English very seriously and ignore
those who wish for another path for the person. Or better, explain to loved ones the
importance of learning English is to success in the global economy, or in going to
school in an English-speaking country. These are all valid reasons for learning
English and the English speaking attitude one that encompasses courage,
dedication, intelligence and a desire to change ones life circumstance, will only
grow as the decisions needed to reach the ultimate goal, of English language
mastery, are accomplished.
Have a nice weekend!

The Importance of Learning Foreign
Languages

While some analysts say that English is becoming the international language of business and
society, theres never been a better time to learn a foreign language such as German, French or
Japanese. Though such languages may not be quite as widespread as English, they offer rich sets
of linguistics and innuendos not found in any dialect of English. The reasons for learning a new
language are varied, but the importance of learning foreign languages is universal: it will always
benefit you in one way or another.
First and foremost, one of the most important reasons to learn a foreign language is the stimulation it
offers your mind. Like a young child grappling with language for the very first time, you find yourself
lusting for knowledge and oozing curiosity at every turn. The familiar becomes fascinating, and your
mind is opened to new ways of approaching even the simplest areas of life. According to three
studies by Bruck, Lambert, Tucker (1974), Hakuta (1986) and Weatherford (1986), children enrolled
in foreign language courses demonstrate stronger cognitive skills, particularly in the area of
creativity. An added bonus: those with competency (not necessarily fluency) in more than one
language tend to have higher intelligence scores on standardized tests.
Foreign languages are also important to those working in business, communications and nearly
every other career track. Even if your potential clientele speak English, there isnt a better way to
understand their needs and cultural desires than to learn their language. It helps make a great first
impression, and it shows that you are willing to go above and beyond to maintain the relationship. In
many cultures, attempting to speak the language is viewed as a sign of respect and has the potential
to open doors in the future.

The Importance of Learning Foreign
Languages

BY DR. ABRAHAM KIM
Learning a foreign language is both time consuming and troublesome. I still recall in high
school and in college spending hours trying to memorize hundreds of vocabulary words in
Spanish and Japanese and the dozens of ways to conjugate verbs. I still cringe when
thinking about the deep embarrassment of those awkward moments when I tried to express
complex thoughts in front of my foreign language classes using kindergarten level terms
because of my limited vocabulary. Although these were difficult times in my international
academic training, I certainly do not regret it. Looking back over my 20 year professional
career in public policy and international business, my foreign language training prepared
and inspired me to think globally about my future, helped me make great friends around the
world, and opened doors for me in my career. In short, learning foreign languages did not
just give me ways to communicate with people in other countries, but it deepened my
understanding and appreciation for the rich and complex world we live in. Today, with the
worlds borders more porous than ever, I believe foreign language training needs to be an
important part of any serious students academic curriculum.
Recent scientific research on the brain suggests that learning foreign languages makes
students smarter overall. Among the many benefits, it increases students mental focus,
reading and writing abilities, and even improves mathematical skills. I do not know if my
geometry or calculus grades jumped up because I was studying Spanish or Japanese, but it
did sharpen my critical thinking and broadened my perspective about the world. It opened
my mind to new cultures and new ways of thinking. It gave me the chance to consider
foreign cultures against my own values and traditions and gave me a deeper respect for our
multi-faceted world. Through language learning, I was exposed to a different set of
aesthetics, cuisines, philosophies, politics, histories and traditions. All this classroom
learning naturally became the catalyst for me to travel and study abroad to further enhance
my international education through seeing and experiencing foreign cultures.
One of the most rewarding parts of learning foreign languages is that it helped me to make
connections with people overseas. It is amazing how peoples perception of Americans
abroad change when they speak the language of the host foreign country. For me, it
immediately transformed the way people perceived me from an outsider to a friend. Even
though initially my conversation skills were quite elementary, it allowed me to build trust
more quickly and to establish a stronger relationship with people. In my small way, through
the time and resources spent to learn foreign languages, I was showing honor to the mother
countries of these languages.
Most recently, I came to realize how making connections through learning foreign languages
can even save lives. The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Center at the University of Montana
trains young American military personnel headed to Afghanistan in the local indigenous
languages and cultures. For many of these soldiers, these classes are their first exposure to
the Muslim religion, Afghan culture and the Pashtun and Dari languages. Through language
and cultural education, one of the many goals is to train these young Americans to be
soldier-diplomats on the field. Alums come back from their tours with stories of arbitrating
disagreements between Afghan leaders, persuading villagers to collaborate with U.S. forces,
and building deep friendships with locals. These young, trained soldiers were restoring
peace in these war torn societies and helping to rebuild a country, which could only be
facilitated through language and cultural understanding, not through guns and bombs.
Finally, with people, information and capital flowing more freely than ever, the ability to
think critically across different societies, to communicate in different languages and to form
connections with a variety of people internationally is becoming more important than ever.
The world is becoming more competitive and unfortunately, Americans are falling behind.
When traveling overseas to visit foreign schools and universities, I am quickly reminded of
how American students are losing their edge on a number of fronts. We, of course, read
about how students in the United States rank far behind many of their Asian and European
counterparts in math and science. In addition to these subjects, foreign language training is
perhaps another area where Americans are lagging as well. These same foreign countries are
actively educating their young students in English starting from elementary school. For
some Americans, this may be an excuse for why U.S. citizens do not have to learn other
languages because everyone is learning English anyway, but this is a false sense of
complacency. Yes, today, we live in a world where the United States is still the global leader
in a number of sectors, but we may be heading into a future world where our children and
grandchildren will no longer view the United States as the only dominant force in politics,
economics, business, science and/or technology. In this probable future environment, our
multilingual foreign competitors will have the advantage over monolingual Americans.
In short, if we are serious about educating global leaders for tomorrow, we need to have
students who can engage many different societies and be able to build cooperation between
them. Foreign language must be an important part of this endeavor. The pursuit of foreign
language education should not be considered a luxury to be sought by a few. Rather, foreign
language instruction should be a core element to our education and taught as early as
possible.