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C
)
25
30
35
40
45
50
100 W/sq m
200 W/sq m
300 W/sq m
400 W/sq m
1,Suu kvA low voltage tiansfoimei -
1SuC tempeiatuie iise
2,88u 18,S8u W
1,2uu Amp bieakei 42u W 6uu W
2,uuu Amp bieakei 84S W 1,4uu W
S,uuu Amp bieakei 1,2uu W 2,uSu W
Notoi Contiol Centei __ 1.S% - 2.u% of
loau
1S kvA 0PS -- S,7Su W
Su kvA 0PS -- 9,uuu W
1Su kvA 0PS -- 24,uuu W
vaiiable Fiequency Biive1 kvA -- 4uu W
vaiiable Fiequency BiiveS kvA -- 1,7uu W
vaiiable Fiequency Biive1u kvA -- 2,Suu W
vaiiable Fiequency Biive2S kvA -- S,Suu W
Bus uuctveitical section (6uu Amp
72" high section, S)
-- 1uu W
Bus uucthoiizontal section 1,6uu
Amp2u" wiue section, S)
-- 8u W
12 in cable tiay (low voltage powei) 2S Wm 22u Wm (aveiage
value of 7S Wm)
Su in cable tiay (meuium voltage
powei)
64 Wm 7u Wm (aveiage
of 7u Wm)
Note: Besigneis shoulu iefei to manufactuieis uata foi moie uetaileu infoimation
on heat output oi eneigy uissipation. This shoulu be combineu with the anticipateu
opeiating loaus to uevelop an inventoiy of theimal loaus.
The values given in Table 4.u aie just a sample of the heat output of equipment
commonly founu in electiical iooms. These values weie taken fiom actual
measuiements (White anu Pahwa, 2uu1).
We commonly finu that manufactuieis will ovei estimate the cooling neeus of theii
equipment as a safety factoi. This can be pioblematic because basing uesign
uecisions on high uesign loaus of all of the equipment in an electiical ioom anu then
auuing an auuitional safety factoi can iesult in ovei sizing the cooling system foi the
aiea.
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Inuooi aii quality is impoitant because theie is an inveise ielationship between
uust builu-up on electiical equipment anu the seivice of the electiical equipment.
This can be contiolleu thiough iegulai seivicing anu all electiical iooms shoulu be
cleaneu anu the equipment testeu at least eveiy S to S yeais (anu, uepenuing on the
seivice conuitions, possibly moie fiequently).
0ne of the motivations foi wiiting this aiticle was to biing attention to a common
pioblem that occui when electiical iooms aie placeu within paiking gaiages anu the
iooms use exhaust fan(s) on ieveise acting theimostat foi cooling. The pioblems
aie exaceibateu when the electiical iooms aie not veiy aiitight oi the entiance
uoois aie pooily sealeu.
Wheie aii quality is a concein, the way to mitigate the pioblem is to iun the
electiical ioom at a slight positive piessuie (about 2u Pascals), ensuie that the ioom
will continuously leak a small iate of aii thiough the ioom envelope when it is
ieasonably aiitight. A meuium-high efficiency filtei shoulu be useu on the aii intake.
This amount of piessuiization can be accomplisheu with 2 to 4 aii changes pei houi,
uepenuing on how aiitight the ioom is.
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Batteiies off-gas hyuiogen. Byuiogen gas is extiemely flammable anu has laige
iange of combustibility. Besigneis shall follow manufactuieis instiuctions anu the
iequiiements of the Electiical Coue foi these systems. Iueally batteiy exhaust
systems aie ueuicateu to the specific function of iemoving potentially explosive anu
coiiosive gases fiom within builuings.
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Besigneis have at least five choices when is comes to the appioach to cooling anu
ventilating electiical iooms. The following table uesciibes these appioaches anu
theii appiopiiate applications:
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Stiategy Application
Natuial ventilation Electiical iooms with low heat loaus anu in
an aiea with clean aii
Foiceu extiaction ventilation Electiical iooms with low to moueiate heat
loaus anu in an aiea with clean aii
0vei-piessuie ventilation Electiical iooms with low to moueiate heat
loaus, wheie aii quality is a concein
Cooling with ciiculateu aii Electiical iooms with high heat loaus, anu
Sepaiate cooling unit with the ioom Electiical iooms with high loaus anu the
iequiiement foi piecise contiol of aii
quality anu humiuity levels.
2+5$"9-'+5-
This is complex topic of uiscussion. We have not been able to even touch on some of
the impoitant issues that may aiise in moie sophisticateu electiical iooms such as
those housing telecommunication anu computei equipment.
Bowevei, all electiical iooms aie impoitant to the opeiation of builuings. Piopei
ventilation anu cooling is an essential element of the opeiation. Besigneis shoulu
take uue consiueiation of the enviionment, type of constiuction, type of electiical
equipment anu the ieliability iequiiements of the electiical systems in choosing the
best stiategies foi ventilation anu cooling.
D#"#$%#6 *#B#$#-
ASBRAE. 2uuS. ASBRAE Banubook-Funuamentals. Atlanta: Ameiican Society of
Beating Refiigeiation anu Aii Conuitioning Engineeis, Inc.
Bagstiom, Kim, }oima Railio & Esko Tahti. 2uuS. ventilation anu Aii Conuitioning
of Electiical Equipment Rooms. Belsinki. Banubook of Inuustiial Aii
Technology. Applications.
Inciopeia, Fank P. anu Baviu P. Be Witt. 199u! #$%&'()*%+'$ %' ,-.% /&.$01-&. New
Yoik. }ohn Wiley & Sons.
White, Waiien, Ph.B. anu Anil Pahwa, Ph.B. 2uu1. ,-.% 2.+$ 1&'3 45-*%&+*.5 .$(
6'$%&'5 47)+83-$% +$ #$()0%&+.5 95.$%0. ASBRAE Reseaich Pioject 11u4-TRP.
Kansas City. Kansas State 0niveisity.