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Italcementi Group
Pervious Concrete
Practical Application of Pervious Concrete: Mix Designs that are workable NRMCA Conference
Rick Blackburn, May, 06
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Italcementi Group
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Italcementi Group
Definition
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Italcementi Group
Goals
How is it designed?
ACI design guide 211, Appendix 6 - Porosity calculation method related to components properties - Porosity to strength correlation - Paste to porosity correlation (compaction dependent) - Sand addition
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Italcementi Group
Mix Design
How is it designed?
Usual Mix Design:
Cement (Any Type) Coarse Aggregate Water / Cement Ratio Admixture 375 - 650 lbs.(224 388 kg) 2400 - 2800 lbs.(1431-1670kg) 0.27 to 0.38 HRWR, Retarder, VMA
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Italcementi Group
Mix Design
Recommendations
Use quality clean aggregates, tests performed with dirty stones are poor Moisture Content and absorption of coarse aggregate is crucial Sand addition sometime act reversely, increasing porosity instead of reducing it Increased cement content makes mix less workable, promotes meat balls and makes the mix stick in drums
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Italcementi Group
Mix Design
Recommendations
Water Cement Ratio should remain as low as possible, use higher ratio only if concrete is lightly compacted Mixing time should be 5 minutes in yard or longer, to allow aggregate coating After batching pervious should look glossy and should hold together in hand with simple gripping
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Italcementi Group
Mix Design
Mixing Procedure
No ACI 211 recommendations Our experience: Water, admixtures and aggregates (Duraflux line, 2000 Ni, Stop Set L) Mix for 1 minute Add cement Mix drum for 100 revolutions before leaving plant (~ 2 minutes wet batch)
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Italcementi Group
Application
Placement
Working time depends on admixtures mix design (Stop set L) Material once truck arrives cannot be dosed with more HRWR or water, will cause paste separation and plug the pervious bottom Keep surface from drying out (sensitive) Compaction, Compaction, Compaction
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Italcementi Group
Application
Placement Notes
Pre Placement - Base should be compacted stone 6 - Lifts designed for no greater than 6 or do multiple lifts - If only one lift, make sure lift allows for compaction of pervious
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Italcementi Group
Placement
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Durability of pervious
If pervious was placed and compacted properly the material will allow water to drain away With little or no water, freeze thaw is minimum Loading areas with heavy trucks still not advised
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Italcementi Group
Properties
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Properties
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Porosity of Pervious
Calculated for 20 % voids Actual porosity is higher Allows for optimum drainage Still have good strength
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Italcementi Group
Properties
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Slow set time helped mix one All three mixes tacky Strength of mix two was acceptable for pavement usage
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Italcementi Group
Case Study
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Improper Compaction
Old concrete techniques used Small lawn roller only compaction Single lift is over 6 inches Mix not level with concrete drive area
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Italcementi Group
Placement
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Common Compaction
Vibration skree used for compaction Lawn roller filled with fluid Extra material worked into surface
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Italcementi Group
Placement
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Good Compaction
Weighted hydraulic roller Secondary weighted roller Manual compaction around Edges Tool joints every 20
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Italcementi Group
Placement
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Conclusions
Follow ACI 211 formula Try to purchase clean aggregates Keep accurate moisture log on aggregate No addition of any admix or water once truck leaves yard
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Italcementi Group
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Conclusions contd.
600 psi flexural is attained Surface is durable With proper monitoring, pervious concrete is a quality ready mix product that can be produced by any supplier
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Italcementi Group
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