Professional Documents
Culture Documents
9/1/2010
vs(t) = 10V
How can we apply what we have learned before to determine i(t) and v(t)?
v(t ) ! Vm sin([t J )
where Vm = the amplitude of the sinusoid = the angular frequency in radians/s = the phase
9/1/2010 4
T!
2T [
1 f ! Hz T
[ ! 2Tf
Only two sinusoidal values with the same frequency can be compared by their amplitude and phase difference. If phase difference is zero, they are in phase; if phase difference is not zero, they are out of phase.
Given a sinusoid, 5 sin( 4 T t 60 o ), calculate its amplitude, phase, angular frequency, period, and frequency.
Solution:
Amplitude = 5, phase = 60o, angular frequency = 4Trad/s, Period = 0.5 s, frequency = 2 Hz.
9/1/2010 6
Find the phase angle between i1 ! 4 sin( 377 t 25 o ) and i2 ! 5 cos(377t 40 o ) , does i1 lead or lag i2?
Solution:
z ! r J
jJ
c. Exponential z ! re
9/1/2010
r!
where
x2 y2
y x
8
J ! tan 1
z1 z 2 ! r1r2 J1 J2
z1 r1 ! J1 J 2 z 2 r2
1 1 ! J z r
z ! r J 2
z ! x jy ! r J ! re jJ
e s jJ ! cos J s j sin J
10
v (t ) ! Vm cos([t J )
(time domain)
V ! Vm J
(phasor domain)
Amplitude and phase difference are two principal concerns in the study of voltage and current sinusoids. Phasor will be defined from the cosine function in all our proceeding study. If a voltage or current expression is in the form of a sine, it will be changed to a cosine by subtracting from the phase.
11
Solution: a. I ! 6 40r A b. Since sin(A) = cos(A+90o); v(t) = 4cos (30t+50o+90o) = 4cos(30t+140o) V Transform to phasor => V ! 4140r V
12
5 ) ! 13 22.62 r 12
13
Note: Phasor analysis applies only when frequency is constant; when it is applied to two or more sinusoid signals only if they have the same frequency.
9/1/2010 14
v (t )
dv dt
V ! VJ j[ V
V j[
15
vdt
9/1/2010
Use phasor approach, determine the current i(t) in a circuit described by the integro-differential equation.
9/1/2010
16
9/1/2010
19
v ! Ri
di v!L dt dv i!C dt
V ! RI
V ! j[LI
I V ! j[ C
20
9/1/2010
If voltage v(t) = 6cos(100t 30o) is applied to a 50 F capacitor, calculate the current, i(t), through the capacitor.
9/1/2010
21
where R = Re, Z is the resistance and X = Im, Z is the reactance. Positive X is for L and negative X is for C. The admittance Y is the reciprocal of impedance, measured in siemens (S).
9/1/2010
1 I Y ! ! Z V
22
Z!R
Z ! j[ L
1 Z ! j[ C
Y ! j[ C
23
9/1/2010
[ p g; Z p g [ ! 0; Z
1 Z! j [C
;Z ! 0
24
9/1/2010
9/1/2010
25
vs ! 5 cos(10t )
Determine the input impedance of the circuit in figure below at =10 rad/s.