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Genetics Unit Test Study Guide 1. Distinguish between a dominant allele and a recessive allele 2.

Distinguish between genotype and phenotype and give an example of both. 3. If A is dominant to A, what are the written genotypes of AA !. Aa "hat are homologous chromosomes# aa

$. "hat are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of a monohybrid cross %both parents are hetero&ygous for a single trait' (enotypic )atio *henotypic )atio +. Define each one of the following ,endelian principles of genetics -aw of Dominance -aw of .egregation of alleles -aw of Independent assortment /. "hat is meant by the 0*1 generation# 2he 31 generation# 2he 32 generation# 4. 5ow does a genetic disease affect a patient who inherits it from the gene to protein level# 6. Describe each pattern of inheritance and provide an example for each 7omplete dominance Incomplete dominance 7o8dominance (enes with multiple alleles *olygenic inheritance .ex 9 lin:ed inheritance .ex8influenced inheritance 1;. Distinguish between an autosomal dominant trait and an autosomal recessive and give a real life example of each. 11. Distinguish between sex lin:ed recessive and sex lin:ed dominant inheritance. 12. "hich sex is more li:ely to inherit a sex lin:ed recessive trait# "hy# 13. <lood 2ype "hat are all the patterns of inheritance blood types %including the A,<,= and the )5'# 7omplete the following table regarding blood type

Blood Type

All possible Genotypes

Antigen/s present on the surface of the cell

Antibodies produced in the presence of foreign antigen

Blood types that can be received by this blood type

A+ AB+ BAB+ ABO+ O-

1!. Describe the basics of the following common human genetic disorders Down syndrome 5untington>s disease 7ystic 3ibrosis .ic:le 7ell Anemia 5emophilia 7olor <lindness <aldness 1$. 7hoose any one of ,endel>s pea plant traits. .how a single trait cross of the 0*1 generation

1+. ?sing the same trait you used in @1$, cross 2 individuals of the 31 generation from the problem above.

1/. "hat are all the possible phenotypes of the 32 generation from @1+# "hat are all the possible genotypes# "hat

are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios#

14. In )eebops two eyes is dominant to having only one %A and e respectively'. ,yopia %poor eyesight' is sex lin:ed recessive disorder carried on the B chromosome. %use , and m'. =nce upon a time there was a female )eebop who had two eyes and didn>t have myopia while her father had one eye and myopia. .he married a male )eebop who also had myopia and two eyes and a mother with one eye, what is the probability of them having a two 9 eyed boy with myopia# %show wor:'

"hat are the genotypes of the male and female )eebop# "hat is the genotype of the female>s father# "hat are two possible genotypes for the male>s mother# 16. Is "idow>s pea: dominant or recessive# .ee the pedigree to the right
Fig. 14-15b

1st generation (grandparents)

Ww

ww

ww

Ww

2nd generation (parents, aunts, and uncles) 3rd generation (two sisters)

Ww ww ww Ww

Ww

ww

WW or Ww

ww

Widows peak

No widows peak

(a) Is a widows peak a dominant or recessive trait?

2;. 2he pedigree to the right traces the inheritance of al:aptonuria, a recessively inherited genetic disorder. Affected individuals, indicated by colored circles and sCuares, are unable to metaboli&e a substance called, al:apton, which colors the urine and stains the body tissues. 3ill in the genotype or genotypes for each family member. 5int 3 of the individuals have two possible genotypes. ?se A and a to represent the dominant and recessive alleles. (eorge DDDDDDDDDD ArleneDDDDDDDDDD .andraDDDDDDDDD 2omDDDDDDDDDD .amDDDDDDDDDD "ilma DDDDDDDDDD AnnDDDDDDDDDD ,ichaelDDDDDDDDDD DanielDDDDDDDDDD AlanDDDDDDDDDD 2inaDDDDDDDDDD 7hristopherDDDDDDDDDD

Fig. 14-UN5

George

"rlene

andra

!om

am

Wilma

"nn %arla

#ic$ael

&aniel

"lan

!ina

%$ristop$er

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