Mechanical Nonlin 13.0 WS 07A Hyperelasticity

Customer Training Material
Workshop 7A Hyperelastic Curve Fitting
ANSYS Mechanical Structural Nonlinearities

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Release 13.0 December 2010
WS7A-1
Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting

Goal
Use curve-fitting tool to create a hyperelastic material model from test data. Analyze A l 3d t tensile il rubber bb test t t specimen i Plot and graph results
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
WS7A-2
Release 13.0 December 2010

Model Description
3D large deflection with nonlinear material (hyperelastic) Three Th planes l of f symmetry t (1/8th of f the th actual t l model) d l)
Loads and Boundary Conditions:

Frictionless supports on each plane of symmetry Displacement load to elongate one end.
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Steps to Follow:
Restore Archive browse for file W7A-hyper.wbpz
Save as
File name: W7A-hyper Save as type: Workbench Project Files (*.wbpj) ( .wbpj)
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The project Schematic should look like the picture to the right.
From this Schematic, you can see that E i Engineering i (material) ( t i l) Data D t and d Geometry G t have already been defined (green check marks). It remains to set up and run the FE model in Mechanical Highlight the Engineering Data Cell and open by clicking on the Right Mouse Button (RMB)=>Edit to verify the default linear material properties. Verify that the units are in Metric (Tonne mm ) system (Tonne,mm,) system. If not, not change this by clicking on Utility Menu=>Units=>Metric(Tonne, mm,)
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Click on Return to Project Double click on the Model Cell to open the FE Model (Mechanical Session) (or RMB=>Edit)
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Unit > Metric (mm,kg,N,s,mV,mA)
Once inside the Mechanical application, verify the working unit system Open the folders beneath the model branch to become familiar with the model set-up. set up
Confirm the three frictionless boundary conditions. Confirm the displacement load of 19mm on the far end.
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Preview the mesh:
The default mesh should be swept with hexahedral elements
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I Introduce d hyperelastic h l i material i l test data d
Return to the Project Schematic Open the Engineering Data Cell Highlight the theStructural Structural Steel Steel material and RMB duplicate.
Change the name of the duplicated material to Elastomer and the description to test specimen
Verify metric units are active
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With the Elastomer material highlighted, insert hyperelastic material test data
From the Toolbox, expand the Experimental Stress Strain Data Folder Highlight Uniaxial Uniaxial Test Data Data, RMB>Include Property Repeat for:
Biaxial Test Data Shear Test Data
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B Become f familiar ili with ith the th property t tables t bl and d chart h t
a
Properties Outline Dialogue box should now include three additional cells for the hyperelastic test data b The Table of Properties represents the data for the cell that is highlighted in a. a . c The Engineering Data Chart is a graphical display of the tabulated data in b. b
Note: The question mark next to each cell indicates that no data has been read in yet
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Read in material test data
Browse for and open tension-uni.xls
This spread sheet contains two columns of data that represent p uniaxial strain-stress data
Highlight the two columns and copy them with Ctrl-C Return to the Table of Properties Row 9: Uniaxial Test Data in the Engineering Data Cell
Highlight the asterisk * at the bottom of the Uniaxial Test Data Table and RMB>Paste to the insert data
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The Table of Properties should now display the Uniaxial Test Data in tabular form. The Chart should display of the data in graphical form.
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Repeat procedure for biaxial test data and shear test data using excel files tension-eb.xls and tension-pt.xls respectively.
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From the Toolbox, open the Hyperelasticity Folder and highlight Yeoh 3rd Order with RMB> Include Property.
You should now see a Yeoh 3rd order cell in the Properties Dialogue box with undefined constants; hence hence, the question mark mark.
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Execute Solve Curve Fit.
Expand the Yeoh 3rd Order Cell Highlight the Curve Fitting Cell
RMB S l Curve RMB>Solve C Fit
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When complete, the Engineering Data Chart will display all three modes of test data in dot-dash lines. Superimposed on this is the predicted Yeoh behavior in solid lines for comparison.
Note: The Coefficients have been calculated, but no material model has been saved to the Engineering g g Data yet. y This is by y design. g If you y are not satisfied with the resulting curve fit, you can try other functions, or perhaps suppress a less dominate mode of loading and rerun the curve fitting routine for a better result.
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Change the Ch h E Error N Norm f from N Normalized li d Error E to Absolute Ab l Error E and d run the curve fitting routine again.
Recall the normalized error approach gives equal weight to all data points while the absolute abso ute e error o app approach oac g gives es more o e weight e g t to larger a ge st strain a values. a ues
This results in a slightly improved curve fit at higher strain values.

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Once a successful curve fit is achieved achieved, copy the data to the Engineering properties
Highlight Curve Fitting RMB> Copy Calculated Values to Property
The Yeoh coefficients are now copied to the Properties Table. Notice the D parameters are all zero. zero This is in keeping with the assumption that the material will be fully incompressible if no volumetric strain data is read into the curve fitter.
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From the Utility Menu:
Click on Refresh Project
Return to the Mechanical Session and highlight the 3 bodies that make up this part and change the default material assignment from Structural Structural Steel Steel to Elastomer
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Return R t t to th the M Mechanical h i l Session S i and d specify if Analysis A l i Settings S tti as shown h below:
Turn on Auto Time Stepping Specify enough substeps to enhance convergence Turn on Large Deflection
Execute the Solve

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Model converges very nicely in less then 20 iterations
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Post process results (i.e. deformation, stress, strain,etc).
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Select S l t Vertex V t as shown h and d insert i t User U defined d fi d results lt to t post t process stress and strain along x direction
Vertex for user defined post processing
Expression for x direction of stress is SX Expression for x direction of strain is EPELX

Refer to documentation on PRNSOL command for syntax of user defined results
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Add chart h tt tool l and di insert t EPELX and d SX user d defined fi d results lt as objects bj t for plotting stress vs strain as shown below.
Q Why Q. y doesnt this curve match up p exactly y with the tensile test data curve? A. The test data is engineering stress-strain, the results are post processed as true stress-strain.
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Change the displacement load to 50mm and re-run the solution.

Model still converges without trouble in 22 iterations, no bisections, even though the loading is outside of the bounds of the original test data.
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Notice the dramatic stress stiffening effects at higher strain values, a common characteristic of most elastomers.
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Return to E R Engineering i i data d Insert a Response Function from the toolbox Note that the Yeoh 3rd order model is automatically suppressed Note also that the Response Function is now the active material. The test data previously read in is automatically included under this material model, but no curve fitting solution is required.
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Refresh the Project, return to Mechanical and rerun the Solution without making any other changes. Notice the solution now fails to converge at about 40% of the full load due to excessive element distortion
Try y adjust j the time step p range g and executing ga restart.

Solution still fails to converge.
WS7A-29
Release 13.0 December 2010 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
Reduce R d the h displacement di l load l d back b k to 19mm, 19 reset the h original i i l time i step range and rerun solution.
Solution now converges successfully to same results as Yeoh 3rd order model
Response Function is useful for complex nonlinear elastomers that are hard to curve fit, but is only effective for loading inside the test data range and typically involves a longer run time as compared with the traditional strain energy functions.
WS7A-30

Mechanical Nonlin 13.0 WS 07A Hyperelasticity

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Mechanical Nonlin 13.0 WS 07A Hyperelasticity

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Customer Training Material

Workshop 7A Hyperelastic Curve Fitting

ANSYS Mechanical Structural Nonlinearities

ANSYS Mechanical Structural Nonlinearities

Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting

Customer Training Material

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Release 13.0 December 2010

ANSYS Mechanical Structural Nonlinearities

Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting

Customer Training Material

Loads and Boundary Conditions:

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Release 13.0 December 2010

ANSYS Mechanical Structural Nonlinearities

Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting

Customer Training Material

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Release 13.0 December 2010

ANSYS Mechanical Structural Nonlinearities

Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting

Customer Training Material

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Release 13.0 December 2010

ANSYS Mechanical Structural Nonlinearities

Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting

Customer Training Material

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Release 13.0 December 2010

ANSYS Mechanical Structural Nonlinearities

Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting

Customer Training Material

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Release 13.0 December 2010

ANSYS Mechanical Structural Nonlinearities

Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting

Customer Training Material

The default mesh should be swept with hexahedral elements

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Release 13.0 December 2010

ANSYS Mechanical Structural Nonlinearities

Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting

Customer Training Material

Verify metric units are active

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Release 13.0 December 2010

ANSYS Mechanical Structural Nonlinearities

Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting

Customer Training Material

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Release 13.0 December 2010

ANSYS Mechanical Structural Nonlinearities

Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting

Customer Training Material

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Release 13.0 December 2010

ANSYS Mechanical Structural Nonlinearities

Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting

Customer Training Material

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Release 13.0 December 2010

ANSYS Mechanical Structural Nonlinearities

Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting

Customer Training Material