TITLE:

ARC WELDING (SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING AND GAS METAL ARC WELDING)

INTRODUCTION:
Arc welding is one of alternati e for !oining "rocess in #an$fact$ring% Arc welding "rocess &ad done '( create an electric arc 'etween electrode and t&e 'ase #aterial to #elt t&e #etal at t&e welding "oint $sing welding "ower s$""l(% T&e welding region is so#eti#es "rotected '( so#e t("e of inert or se#i)inert gas* +nown as a s&ielding gas and so#eti#e adds '( an e a"orating filler #aterial% S&ielded #etal arc welding (SMAW)* also +nown as #an$al #etal arc (MMA) welding or infor#all( as stic+ welding* is a #an$al arc welding "rocess t&at $ses a cons$#a'le electrode coated in fl$, to la( t&e weld% T&e( can $se eit&er direct c$rrent (DC) or alternating c$rrent (AC) fro# a welding "ower s$""l(* $sed to for# an electric arc 'etween t&e electrode and t&e #etals to 'e !oined% As t&e weld is laid* t&e fl$, coating of t&e electrode disintegrates* gi ing off a"ors t&at ser e as a s&ielding gas and "ro iding a la(er of slag* 'ot& of w&ic& "rotect t&e weld area fro# at#os"&eric conta#ination%

Gas #etal arc welding (GMAW)* so#eti#es referred to '( its s$'t("es #etal inert gas (MIG) welding or #etal acti e gas (MAG) welding* is a se#i) a$to#atic or a$to#atic arc welding "rocess in w&ic& a contin$o$s and cons$#a'le wire electrode and a s&ielding gas are fed t&ro$g& a welding g$n% A constant oltage* direct c$rrent "ower so$rce is #ost co##onl( $sed wit& GMAW* '$t constant c$rrent s(ste#s* as well as alternating c$rrent* can 'e $sed% T&ere are fo$r "ri#ar( #et&ods of #etal transfer in GMAW* called glo'$lar* s&ort)circ$iting* s"ra(* and "$lsed)s"ra(* eac& of w&ic& &as distinct "ro"erties and corres"onding ad antages and li#itations%

OBJECTIVES
- To +now a'o$t SMAW and GMAW t&eoreticall( and "racticall(% - To +now t&e different 'etween SMAW (DCR.)* SMAW (DRS.) and GMAW in ter# of s"atter* welded 'ead* and $nderc$t% - To learnt a'o$t ter#inolog( in welding% - To learnt t&eoreticall( and "racticall( &ow to $se arc welding%

THEORY :
In arc welding* 'asicall( t&e "rinci"le is &eating and #elting of 'ase #etal $sing electric arc% T&e electric arc for#ed w&en t&ere is a oltage difference 'etween #etal coating (on t&e electrode) and s$rface of t&e #etal to 'e welding% T&e arc will "rod$ce eno$g& &eat to #elt t&e 'ase #etal and end of t&e electrode to for# "oint of #olten #etal% S&ielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) S&ielded #etal arc welding (SMAW)* also +nown as #an$al #etal arc (MMA) welding or infor#all( as stic+ welding* is a #an$al arc welding "rocess t&at $ses a cons$#a'le electrode coated in fl$, to la( t&e weld% T&e( can $se eit&er direct c$rrent (DC) or alternating c$rrent (AC) fro# a welding "ower s$""l(* $sed to for# an electric arc 'etween t&e electrode and t&e #etals to 'e !oined% As t&e weld is laid* t&e fl$, coating of t&e electrode disintegrates* gi ing off a"ors t&at ser e as a s&ielding gas and "ro iding a la(er of slag* 'ot& of w&ic& "rotect t&e weld area fro# at#os"&eric conta#ination%

Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) Gas #etal arc welding (GMAW)* so#eti#es referred to '( its s$'t("es #etal inert gas (MIG) welding or #etal acti e gas (MAG) welding* is a se#i) a$to#atic or a$to#atic arc welding "rocess in w&ic& a contin$o$s and cons$#a'le wire electrode and a s&ielding gas are fed t&ro$g& a welding g$n% A constant oltage* direct c$rrent "ower so$rce is #ost co##onl( $sed wit& GMAW* '$t constant c$rrent s(ste#s* as well as alternating c$rrent* can 'e $sed% T&ere are fo$r "ri#ar( #et&ods of #etal transfer in GMAW* called glo'$lar* s&ort)circ$iting* s"ra(* and "$lsed)s"ra(* eac& of w&ic& &as distinct "ro"erties and corres"onding ad antages and li#itations%

SAFETY:
Welding is a "rocess in ol ing wit& electricit( and &ig& te#"erat$re (&eat)* so we #$st ta+e "reca$tion in doing t&is "rocess to as "reca$tion% T&e safet( are/ 0) Wear safet( e1$i"#ent s$c& as &ead s&ield* glo e and a"ron (safet( !ac+et) 'efore start welding% 2) Do not watc& t&e $ltra iolet ra(s s"atter w&en welding $sing e(e wit&o$t a &ead S&ield% 3) Carr( 4$t at a co#forta'le area and w&ere t&e is good welding will 'e done awa( fro# t&e fla##a'le #aterials% 5) Do not dist$r' ot&er st$dent t&at are still wor+% 6) Do not $se tools t&at we do not recogni7e%

APPARATUS:
0) Glo e% 2) Wire 'r$s&% 3) C&i""ing &a##er 5) Safet( !ac+et 6) Head s&ield% 8) Electrode &older% 9) .ieces of #etal% :) SMAW #ain a""arat$s (electrode* "ower s$""l(* etc%) ;) GMAW a""arat$s%