RESULT

EXPERIMENT NO. 1 2 PENETRATION (PEN) 2 3 4 89 95 92 102 91 92 AVERAGE 5 91 94 91.6 94.6

1 91 94

DETERMINE THE NEAREST PENETRATION VALUE FOLLOWING TABLE BELOW:

Penetration Maximum differences between the highest and the lowest value.

0-49 2

50-149 4

150-249 6

250 above 8

CALCULATION
AVERAGE OF PENETRATION NO.1 = 91 + 89 + 95 + 92 + 91 / 5 = 91.6

AVERAGE OF PENETRATION NO.2 = 94 + 102 + 91 + 92 + 94 / 5 = 94.6

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE HIGHEST AND LOWEST VALUE = 94.6 91.6 =3

ANALYSIS
Based on the result that we have got from the penetration by grade of bitumen 80/100, the average of the bitumen number 1 and 2 is 91.6 and 94.6. So that the maximum difference between the highest and the lowest value are 3. S, based on the nearest penetration value by following the table is 3 which is in group 4 which is the penetration value is 50-149. So that the bitumen that we have test by using the penetration test are good and suitable to make a road. It is because the penetration test is a commonly adopted test on asphalt to grade the material in terms of its hardness. An 80/100 grade bitumen indicates that its penetration value lies between 80 & 100. So based on the result that we have made from the penetration test for the bitumen is the right value in construction.

DISCUSSION
The penetration test is an empirical test used to measure the consistency of asphalt cement. Generally, the penetration of a bituminous substance may be defined as distance in hundredths to which a standard needle penetrates the material under known conditions of time, loading and temperature. This test is used for evaluating the consistency of asphalt material before and after heating. In this experiment, the sample is melted and cooled under controlled conditions. The penetration is measured with a penetrometer by means of which standard needle is applied to the sample under specific conditions. The temperature, load and time of solid bituminous are understood to be 25c, 100g and 5s respectively. When we do in the penetration test, there has a warning or caution that we must avoid to get the test results did not make an error. As example is, there should be no movement of the container while needle penetrates into sample. For the caution is the sample should be free from any extraneous matter and the needle should be cleaned with benzene and dried before penetration. In recommendations, when we do the test is the container is place in water bath to avoid container move while needle penetrates. Besides that, as possible the sample prepared in a few days before the experiment and keep in clean place and the clean cloth and benzene must around the penetrometer to make sure the needle can be clean during experiment. For the question, the actual purpose of penetration test is to get the value of penetration as a measure of the consistency of penetration bitumen. It is also to grade the material in terms of its hardness. What does it means by bituminous grade 80/100 are about a having that qualifies of adhesion, the nature of both the cement and water resistant properties.

The importance of this penetration test are this test can determine the hardness of bitumen and bitumen is classified according to the infiltration. Beside that, the objective of this test is to determine the penetration value of bitumen and the consistency of bitumen sample and to measure the penetration value of asphalt, this is melted and cooled and kept at a room temperature of 25C. In warmer region, lower penetration grades are preferred to avoid softening whereas higher penetration grade like 180/200 are used in colder regions to prevent the accuracy of excessive brittles. High penetration grade is used in spray application works. So the better used is lower value of penetration.

REFERENCE
BOOK : Engineering highway module

INTERNET http://www.scribd.com/doc/124358034/Penetration-Testen.wikipedia.org/wiki/penetration_test www.veracode.com/.../penetration-testing www.penetration-testing.com/ www.benzeneinternational.com/penetration_test