Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Snow.
Contents
[hide]
• 1 Basic RC maneuvers
○ 1.1 Inside loops
○ 1.2 Outside loops
○ 1.3 Immelmann turn
○ 1.4 Inverted flight
• 2 Intermediate RC maneuvers
○ 2.1 Stall turn
○ 2.2 Slow roll
○ 2.3 Four-point roll
○ 2.4 Snap rolls
○ 2.5 Cuban-8
• 3 Advanced RC maneuvers
○ 3.1 Rolling circle
○ 3.2 Lomcevak
• 4 References
Side view of the Immelmann turn: (1) Level flight; (2) Half loop; (3) 180° roll to bring
aircraft back level flight.
The Immelmann turn is named after flying ace Max Immelmann. It has become one of the
most popular aerial maneuvers, being commonly used in airshows all across the globe.
To execute the Immelmann turn, the pilot pulls the aircraft into a vertical climb, and
eventually completes half a loop in the aircraft from this climb, inverting the aircraft. The
pilot then executes a half-roll to regain level flight.
The Immelmann turn can also be reversed by starting with a half-roll into inverted flight, and
then using elevator to pull the aircraft down through a half loop back to level flight.
In both cases, the aircraft has changed course 180 degrees and exchanges speed with altitude.
[edit] Inverted flight
An aircraft is in inverted flight when it has rotated 180 degrees about its longitudinal axis, so
that its cockpit and tail fin are pointing at the ground.
Inverted flight in itself is not generally regarded as a maneuver, rather as an attitude in which
to perform other aerobatic maneuvers. Therefore an inverted maneuver is one in which the
aircraft begins in an inverted flight position.
There are many ways to enter inverted flight. The simpliest is to
• begin from straight level flight,
• increase power if necessary, depending on the aircraft,
• roll the aircraft with aileron control while maintaining heading with slight rudder
and/or elevator input, neutralizing aileron when inverted,
• apply slight down elevator to maintain level inverted flight.
When in inverted flight, elevator and rudder inputs are reversed while aileron and throttle
input remains the same.
Alternatively, one can enter inverted flight by performing half an inside loop or half an
outside loop.
[edit] Intermediate RC maneuvers
The intermediate maneuvers, not suitable for beginners, require skills acquired by
considerable practice, and often include the use of stalls. Trainer aircraft are not suitable for
these.[1]
[edit] Stall turn
Cuban Eight
Control stick inputs for the rolling circle (left-turning right-rolling), showing the typical
amount of elevator and rudder input as a function of rolling position.
Rolling circle is a maneuver in which an aircraft rolls continuously while turning in a circle.
This is arguably one of the most difficult maneuvers to perfect, since varying pitch and yaw
corrections are necessary to keep the heading level while maintaining constant roll rate and
turning radius.
The standard rolling circle involves 1 roll at each quadrant of the turn, resulting in a total of 4
rolls throughout the 360° horizontal turn. The most logical method to approach the rolling
circle is to think of it as 4 slow rolls with turn. The procedure below describes a left-turning
right-rolling quadrant:
1. Flying straight and level at normal speed, feed right aileron that results in a constant
roll rate that would complete a roll in the time required for a 90° horizontal turn.
Simultaneously, feed left rudder and down elevator that would result in a desired
turning radius while maintaining level.
2. As the aircraft rolls from 0° to 360°, input both rudder and elevator sequentially as in
slow roll, except with some phase lead for rudder and elevator. The shifted timing for
elevator and rudder inputs causes the aircraft to turn while maintaining attitude
throughout the roll.
3. Once the aircraft completes 360° of roll at ¼ turn, repeat step 2. three more times to
complete the entire rolling circle. Neutralize aileron, elevator, and rudder gradually as
the rolling circle completes.
Below is a graph that illustrates the elevator and rudder input as a function of rolling position
during one turn quadrant. For this case, 60° rudder phase lead and 90° elevator phase lead are
used. Actual amplitude and phase leads may vary depending on aircraft behavior.
[edit] Lomcevak
The Lomcevak maneuver is when the aircraft's tail spins pitching down about its wing while
the entire aircraft is continuously stalled.
There are several methods to execute this maneuver. The most common method is as follows:
1. Flying full throttle from right to left, pull up to a 45-degree upline.
2. Roll the wing to the left 90 degrees so the left wing tip points to the ground.
3. Feed full right rudder, full right aileron, and full down elevator.
4. The aircraft should exhibit the Lomcevak while spiraling downwards.
5. Before reaching terra-firma, exit the maneuver by neutralizing rudder, aileron, and
pitch input, then roll toward exit heading, and pull out into level flight.
Alternatively, one can enter Lomcevak as follows:
1. Pull up vertically and minimize throttle.
2. Feed left rudder as if to execute a stall turn.
3. As the plane begins to stall, feed full right rudder, full right aileron, full down
elevator, and full throttle.
4. The aircraft should exhibit the Lomcevak while spiraling downwards.
5. Exit the maneuver as the above method.
This maneuver calls for a specific type of aircraft. Since the motion involves rapid downward
pitch, a low wing aircraft with high thrustline is desirable, as it naturally creates the
downward pitch moment. Also, the aircraft should readily snap on command. Cap 232 is by
far the easiest design by which to execute Lomcevak.
Lomecevak video[1]
[edit] References
1. ^ Radio Control Aerobatics for Everyone, by Dave Patric, AirAge Publishing ISBN 0-
911295-31-3
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobatics_(radio-controlled_aircraft)"
Categories: Radio-controlled aircraft
Views
• Article
• Discussion
• Edit this page
• History
Personal tools
• Try Beta
• Log in / create account
Navigation
• Main page
• Contents
• Featured content
• Current events
• Random article
Search
Top of Form
Special:Search Go Search
Bottom of Form
Interaction
• About Wikipedia
• Community portal
• Recent changes
• Contact Wikipedia
• Donate to Wikipedia
• Help
Toolbox
• What links here
• Related changes
• Upload file
• Special pages
• Printable version
• Permanent link
• Cite this page