EE352Communication Systems 1 Laboratory Report Sampling Abstract The principal objective of the experiment is to understand sampling process.

In order to understand well, we analyzed sampling of a continuous time signal and the effect of the sampling rate on a discrete time signal. We generate a signal in MATLAB then we perform the sampling process. In order to reconstruct the original signal, we use some interpolation techniques, which are known as linear and spline interpolation. Introduction The aim of this experiment is to learn sampling and interpolation techniques. In this laboratory work we examine a signal which is sampled at different rate. Then, by the help of these samples the original signal can be reconstructed with interpolation techniques. We examine these techniques in MATLAB. This experiment is important because in communication we have to send the digital information to somewhere. Thanks to sampling process digital data can be sent. Experimental Procedure In this experiment we generate a signal m[n]=cos [2**f2*n/Fs] + cos [2**f2*n/Fs]. In laboratory work there are some design parameters. f1=1 KHz, f2=4 KHz, Fs=48 KHz and time duration=5 ms. Then, the signal is downsampled by 4 and 8. Then, the original signal and downsampled signals are plotted on the same figure. Calculating the discrete time Fourier transform of, the original signal and downsampled signals with fft() command. Transformed signals have amplitude and phase values. With the aid of abs() command, MATLAB calculate the amplitudes. Then we plot the transformed signals on the same figure. Secondly, we reconstruct the original signal and downsampled signals with their samples. Then, these signals are plotted on the same figure. In order to do that, we use interpolation techniques. And we use different function interp1 for the reconstructing processes.

Results and Discussion Part 1 We construct a signal m[n]=cos [2**f2*n/Fs] + cos [2**f2*n/Fs]. Our design parameters are f1=1 KHz, f2=4 KHz, Fs=48 KHz and time duration=5 ms. Then, we downsampled the signal by 4 and 8. We obtain three different sampled signals and plot these signals in time domain.

The discrete time Fourier transform of these signals are calculated with fft() command. Transformed signals have an amplitude and phase value. With the aid of abs() command, MATLAB calculate the amplitudes. Then we plot the transformed signals on the same figure.

Part 2 We reconstruct the original signal and downsampled signals with their samples. Then, these signals are plotted on the same figure. In order to do that, we use interpolation techniques.

When the sampling frequency is decreased, we can understand from the figure, the frequency components get further to the origin. For time domain representation, when the sampling frequency is decreased, the chosen points are decreased. After interpolating, the exact signal cannot be reconstructed. Because, sampling is the reduction of a continuous signal to a discrete signal. The sample process is required reduction on the signal, some points on a signal can be chosen, some are eleminated. Interpolation technique use the chosen points, to reconstruct a original signal. Reconstructed signal cannot be match with the original signal. There are a lot of interpolation techniques. If we use, more known data points our method can be more approximate. In our experiment, we used two method, known as Spline Method and Linear Method. Spline Method is better. Because it uses more data points than the Linear Method.

Conclusion In conclusion, I want to mention shortly about what we have done in this laboratory. Our work consists of two main part. First part we generate a signal. And we performed the sample processes. In order to examine well, the signal is downsampled by 4 and 8. Then we examine frequency and time response of these signals and we plot these signal. Second part we performed the interpolation techniques which are known as Spline and Linear methods. Thanks to these methods, we can reconstruct the original signal. We plot reconstructed signals in time domain. Thanks to this figure, we can compare these methods. The most important benefits of this laboratory experiment are we learned the sampling process and interpolation techniques properly. With help of MATLAB, we simulated these operations. This is very useful because we can saw the difference between sampled signal which has different sampling rate and reconstructing signals which are reconstruct with different interpolation techniques. The commands which are I learned in previous laboratory, thanks to this laboratory I remember them and I learned different commands like stem, interp1.