Full Issue

ISO F ocus
The Magazine of the International Organization for Standardization

Volume 6, No. 8, September 2009, ISSN 1729-8709
Going green
Tackling clim ate change
through standa
rds
World Standard
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World Standards Day

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Format A2 (ISO 216)
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UNFCCC Secretary-General:
Mapping the road to COP15
Contents
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ISO Focus 2009 09.indd 1 17.08.2009 10:10:22
Comment Carole LeGall and Yang Zeshi, Co-Chairs of SAG-E,

Meeting the international clean energy and climate change challenges Highlights of events from around the world Highlights of news and developments from ISO members Yvo de Boer, Executive Secretary, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
World Scene ISO Scene
4 8
Guest View
ISO Focus is published 11 times

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Main Focus
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World Standards Day Message 14 October 2009 ISO, the environment and climate change Carbon performance made simple Carbon footprint standard moves forward Future ISO 50001 for energy management systems Common terminology for energy efficiency Energy efficiency in buildings On the road to emission-free mobility Proving win-win right South Africas quest for energy efficiency Renewable energies to feed global appetite for electricity ISO tools for building a renewable energy future How to help consumers change the world
Climate change
42 Developments and Initiatives 47 New on the shelf 49 Coming up
OECD research reveals trade benefits of SDoC Long standing cooperation for accreditation Caribbean region to adopt ISO tsunami signage ISO consumer directory goes online
ISSN 1729-8709 Printed in Switzerland

Cover photo: iStock. Montage ISO ISO Focus September 2009
eNewsletter on conformity assessment New ISO standard for fire safety design of built environments will help save lives and cut costs Safer scuba diving with two new ISO standards
Comment
Meeting the international clean energy and climate change challenges
2009
is a crucial year in the international effort to address climate change, culminating in the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, Denmark, at the end of the year. The purpose: to forge a new climate treaty to replace the Kyoto Protocol. With energy-related carbon dioxide emissions accounting for most of the global greenhouse gas emissions, the energy sector will be at the heart of discussions in Copenhagen. According to the reference scenario presented in the World Energy Outlook 2008 by the International Energy Agency (IEA), the energy sector will have to play the central role in curbing emissions through major improvements in efficiency and increased use of renewables and other low-carbon technologies. An important move in this direction was taken at this years G-8 Summit held in LAquila, Italy. In a Declaration of the Major Economies Forum (MEF) on Energy and Climate, leaders of 16 major economies recognized the danger climate change poses and the extraordinary global response required to meet its challenges. The declaration also recognized the need for continued cooperation and the facilitation of an agreement at the Copenhagen meeting. To this end, ISO is working together with other international organizations to ensure that participants at the upcoming conference will be fully aware of the solutions offered by existing and future International Standards. Their contribution to climate change is highlighted in this years World Standards Day, the theme of which is Tackling climate change through standards. ISOs significant activity related both to the production and to the use of energy is illustrated in this issue of ISO Focus, published specially on the occasion of the ISO General Assembly Open Session, Energy Why International Standards are vital. Increasingly, key groups and experts from both the climate change and energy backgrounds see the value in global solutions in the form of International Standards. Apart from addressing many of the building blocks necessary to define, implement and monitor both macro- and micro-policies, International Standards are helping to spread best practice. They can also be the vehicle for the dissemination of innovative technologies particularly for renewable and carbon-neutral energy sources. In the case of innovative technologies, standards can reduce the time to market of products and services, create global interest and develop a critical mass of support to ensure economic success. One thing is for certain: moving to a low-carbon economy not only addresses an environmental imperative, it makes business sense. Renewable energy is one of the few sectors that has in some ways defied the global recession. According to the UN report on Global Trends in Sustainable Energy, 2008 marked the first year that investment in new power generation capacity from renewable energy technologies was more than investment in fossilfuelled technologies. Last but not least, moving to an energy efficient economy also has social impacts: standards on energy efficient devices such as solidfuel furnaces are key to share best practices and best affordable technologies to the many million people using such devices in their everyday life. For its part, ISO will continue to address the worlds need for and deployment of low-carbon, clean energy technologies. Through its partnerships with different organizations around the world, ISO will continue to disseminate and promote, through the development and use of International Standards and as a matter or urgency, good practices and relevant technologies to address this major challenge. We should work together in organizations like ISO to make the new climate treaty a success, and pave the way to a green economy, from Copenhagen and beyond.
ISO will continue to address the worlds need for and deployment of low-carbon, clean energy technologies.
An ambitious review of ISOs standardization activities was undertaken to facilitate strategic decision-making and build the groundwork for future projects. We now have a robust overview of the portfolio of standards being used in such key areas as building environment design, energy efficiency of buildings and sustainability in building construction, intelligent transport systems, solar energy, and hydrogen technologies. The most encouraging development in the process is the identification of gaps and the launch of new projects for energy management systems (the future ISO 50001), industrial energy efficiency, biofuels and general energy terminology. While the future looks bright and promising for standards in support of energy efficiency and renewable energy sources, there are still areas that need to be addressed, including technologies such as combined heat and power and geothermal energy. Standards are also needed to support the development of energy services that, for example, will enable specialists to provide meaningful assessment and improvement advice to business and government regarding industrial processes, buildings and transport. There are also entirely new areas such as smart grids intelligent energy distribution networks which will require new standards for maximum efficiency.
Carole LeGall and Yang Zeshi Co-Chairs of SAG-E
ISO Focus September 2009
World Scene
Cooperation on climate change reaches new level
ISOs collaboration on climate change reached a new level with the recent proposal to establish a joint ISO/UN framework mechanism for the development of standards and guidelines in support of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
The potential of industrial energy efficiency

A conference looking towards an integrated energy agenda beyond 2020 was organized by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), the Austrian Development Cooperation, the International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis, and the Global Forum on Sustainable Energy in Vienna, Austria, in June 2009 (photo below). The event brought together 778 participants from 93 countries including ministers, energy representatives and experts, UN agencies, bilateral organizations, the private sector, academia and regional and international non-governmental organizations. ISO Secretary-General Rob Steele was the keynote speaker at a session on industrial energy efficiency, where he highlighted the role of energy management system standards as policy tools and marketbased mechanisms for sustainable energy efficiency in industry. UNIDO and ISO have been working to promote energy management standards as one of the core elements of any national industrial energy efficiency policy and programme, he said.
What do we know about climate change? What is the relationship between trade and climate change? How does trade affect greenhouse gas emissions and can more open trade help to address climate change? What is the range of national measures that can contribute to global mitigation efforts? These are just some of the questions discussed by this report by the World Trade Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme. The Report aims to improve understanding about the linkages between trade and climate change. It shows that trade intersects with climate change in a multitude of ways. For example, governments may introduce a variety of policies, such as regulatory measures and economic incentives, to address climate change. This complex web of measures may have an impact on international trade and the multilateral trading system. The Report begins with a summary of the current state of scientific knowledge on climate change and on the options available for responding to the challenge of climate change. The scientific review is followed by a part on the economic aspects of the link between trade and climate change, and these two parts set the context for the subsequent parts of the Report, which looks at the policies introduced at both the international and national level to address climate change. The part on international policy responses to climate change describes multilateral efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to adapt to the effects of climate change, and also discusses the role of the current trade and environment negotiations in promoting trade in technologies that aim to mitigate climate change. The final part of the Report gives an overview of a range of national policies and measures that have been used in a number of countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to increase energy efficiency. It presents key features in the design and implementation of these policies, in order to draw a clearer picture of their overall effect and potential impact on environmental protection, sustainable development and trade. It also gives, where appropriate, an overview of the WTO rules that may be relevant to such measures.
Linking trade and climate change

A report providing an overview of the key linkages between trade and climate change has been jointly published by the World Trade Organization and UNEP (photo below). Entitled, Trade and climate change, it focuses on the economic aspects, international policy responses and multilateral efforts aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. According to the report, Examples of areas where International Standards may offer practical tools for the application of climate-related regulations include: (i) measurement and methodological standards to measure energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions; and (ii) standards related to the use and development of new energy-efficient technologies and renewable energy sources.
OECDSecretary-General Angel Gurra.
Green growth as the way out of the crisis

In a Declaration on Green Growth signed by all 30 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries plus Chile, Estonia, Israel and Slovenia, ministers tasked the OECD with developing a Green Growth Strategy bringing together economic, environmental, technological, financialand development aspects into a comprehensive framework. A first report will be delivered to the OECDs nextMinisterial Council Meeting in 2010. Looking beyond the crisis, OECD countries, and countries that we hope will shortly swell our numbers, have made a solemn pledge to promote environmentally friendly green growth policies in favour of sustainable economic growth based on low carbon energy use, OECDSecretaryGeneral Angel Gurra told a closing news conference. The Declaration called for cooperation among OECD countries and with emerging economies and developing countries to reach an ambitious, effective, efficient, comprehensive and fair international climate agreement at the 15th Conference of the Parties of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP15) in Copenhagen in December.
The proposal was submitted by the Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS) and approved by the UNFCCC Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice at its June 2009 Bonn, Germany, meeting. The initiative is the result of discussions between ISO and GTOS regarding the latters mandate, entrusted by UNFCCC, to develop guidance materials, standards and reporting guidelines for each of the essential climate variables in the terrestrial domain (e.g. river discharge, snow and land cover, biomass). The proposed joint UN/ISO group would oversee the standard development work, which could involve ISO technical committees on hydrometry, soil quality, environmental management and geographic information. A final decision on the proposal will be taken by the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC in Copenhagen, Denmark, in December 2009. GTOS is led by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization with the World Meteorological Organization, the UN Environmental Programme (UNEP), the International Council for Science and the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization as co-sponsors.
Trade and Climate Change

WTO-UNEP Report
Trade and Climate Change
ISO is developing ISO 50001 for energy management systems, which will provide organizations with a practical and widely recognized approach to increase energy efficiency, reduce costs and improve their environmental performance. The future ISO standard could have influence on as much as 60% of the worlds energy demand.
ISBN: 978-92-870-3522-6 9 789287 035226
This book was printed on paper certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC).
As an example of the first category, the report cites ISO standards for calculating the thermal properties of a building, or of individual construction materials. Examples of the second category include ISO standards on solar energy, hydrogen and wind technologies, and solid and liquid biofuels. The importance of conformity assessment was also highlighted, and reference was made in particular to ISO/IEC 17000:2004, Conformity assessment Vocabulary and general principles.
Photo courtesy of UNIDO
ISO Scene
Maritime standards full steam ahead
The International Standards Forum for Ships and Equipments 2009 brought together more than 200 participants from international maritime industry and government organizations for a successful dialogue in Shanghai, China. With the successful restructuring of ISO/TC 8 subcommittees, CSAG discussed the best use of existing and future liaisons with other organizations. Other significant areas discussed were : continuation and expansion of the underwater irradiated noise impact on marine mammals project; ship design improvements and installation of equipment and devices to reduce piracy of ships; ship energy efficiency improvements and reduction of air emissions; arctic polar region navigation standards development and further expansion of the supply chain security standards for small ports and small and medium sized enterprises.
Green achievements
The 16th plenary meeting of ISO/TC 207, Environmental management, was held in Cairo, Egypt, in June 2009, hosted by EOS, ISO member for Egypt. About 250 participants from 45 member bodies and 11 liaison organizations attended the meeting, which was opened by the Egyptian Minister of Trade and Industry H.E. Eng. Rachid Mohamed Richid, Egyptian Minister of State for Environmental Affairs H.E. Eng. Maged George, Executive Manager of Egypts Industrial Modernization Centre Adham Nadim, ISO Secretary-General, Rob Steele, and ISO/TC 207 Chair, Bob Page. In his video address, Mr. Steele thanked participants for their efforts to develop environmental management systems and tools relevant to global issues.
ISO/TC 69 is responsible for the development of standards on the application of statistical methods to be used by other technical committees, by industry or service companies, and in the growing field of activities dedicated to certification and accreditation. ISO/TC 69 plays a powerful role in the success of any enterprise with notably: Applications of statistical methods in process management (control charts, process capability, process management strategies, etc.) Acceptance sampling that permits the amount of inspection to be reduced as the level of trust in the producer increases Application of statistical procedures for the Six Sigma methodologies Generic standards applying just as much to services as to products. A new subcommittee SC 8, Application of statistical and related methodology for new technology and product development , has just been approved. In conjunction with the plenary, a seminar entitled ISO statistical methods and trends and the development of measurement uncertainty evaluation was attended by more than 160 participants from the academic and industrial sectors of Malaysia. ISO/TC 69 Chair, Dr. Christophe Perruchet, and members Prof. Maurice Cox, Dr. Tomomichi Suzuki and Mr. G.H. Yeoh, were among the speakers (see photo ).
The event featured speeches by executives from industry, government authorities and standardization bodies, including: Xiao Chuan Tong, President, Shanghai Marine Equipment Research Institute, Shi Baoquan, Vice-President, Standardization Administration of China (SAC), Li Guo An, Vice-President, China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, Zhang Lin, Director-General, SAC, Xiang Yang, Vice-Chair, International Maritime Organization subcommittee on design and equipment (DE), Ma Yande, Vice Chief Engineer, Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Co. Ltd. and Ben Lau, Manager, Lloyds Register Asia. Speakers from the ISO technical committee for ships and marine technology (ISO/TC 8) included its Chair, Capt. Charles Piersall, and the subcommittee Chairs : Joseph Byrne (piping and ships machinery) ; Xiao Chuan Tong (outfitting and deck machinery) ; Sei-Chang Lee, (ship design). The forum was followed by a meeting of the ISO/TC 8 Chairmans Strategic Advisory Group (CSAG) a group of senior industry and government executives providing advice for future endeavours.
Advancing nanotechnologies
Over 170 representatives from 23 countries were in attendance to advance the goals of ISO/TC 229, Nanotechnologies, at their meeting in Seattle, Washington, in June 2009. The meeting was opened by President and CEO of the American National Standards Institute, S. Joe Bhatia, ISO/ TC 229 Chair, Peter Hatto, and Director of the National Nanotechnology Coordination Office and Chair of the ANSIaccredited US technical advisory group to ISO/TC 229, Clayton Teague. The plenary looked at nanotechnology standardization in a diverse array of areas, including terminology and nomenclature; measurement and characterization; health, safety, and the environment; and material specifications. The meeting was sponsored by numerous organizations, whose level of support underscores that government and industry alike understand the critical importance of this committees work.
Progress was made notably on the new work item proposal on the combat of desertification and the Global Terrestrial Observing System proposal for a joint working group with ISO (see World Scene). The next ISO/TC 207 meeting will be held in Mexico, in July 2010.
Statistics for success

Some 70 participants representing 14 countries came together in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in June 2009, for the 31st meeting of ISO/TC 69, Application of statistical methods.
Guest View
Yvo de Boer
Y
vo de Boer is the Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Before joining the UNFCCC, Mr. de Boer was Director for International Affairs of the Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and Environment of the Netherlands. He also served as Deputy Director-General for Environmental Protection in the same Ministry, and as Head of the Climate Change Department, and worked in the fields of housing and public information. Early in his career, Mr. de Boer worked for the United Nations Centre for Human Settlements. Mr. de Boer has been involved in climate change policies since 1994. He helped prepare the position of the European Union in the lead-up to the negotiations on the Kyoto Protocol, and led delegations to the UNFCCC negotiations. He has actively sought broad stakeholder involvement on the issue of climate change. To that end, he launched an international dialogue on the Clean Development Mechanism and partnered international discussions with the World Business Council on Sustainable Development, aimed at increasing private sector participation. Mr. de Boer served as Vice-President of the Conference of Parties to UNFCCC and as Vice-Chair of the Commission on Sustainable Development.
With 192 parties, the UNFCCC has near universal membership and is the parent treaty of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol has to date 185 member parties. Under the Protocol, 37 countries, consisting of highly industrialized countries and countries undergoing the process of transition to a market economy, have legally binding emission limitation and reduction commitments. The ultimate objective of both treaties is to stabilize greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that will prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system.
ISO Focus: What would you like to see coming out of the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, in December 2009 ?
ISO standards could provide very valuable additional insights and criteria.
ISO Focus: How would you summarize the mission of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ?
Yvo de Boer: Guided by the parties to the Convention, the UNFCCC secretariat provides organizational support and technical expertise to their negotiations and institutions, and facilitates the flow of authoritative information on the implementation of the Convention.
Yvo de Boer: Parties agreed at Bali1) to jointly step up international efforts to combat climate change and get to an agreed outcome in Copenhagen. Thus, an ambitious climate change deal will be clinched to follow on the first phase of the UN Kyoto Protocol, which expires in 2012. The Copenhagen outcome need not resolve all details, but it must provide clarity on four key issues. The first is clarity on the emission reduction targets that industrialized countries will commit to. Second, there must be clarity on the nationally appropriate mitigation actions that developing countries could undertake.
1) UNFCCC December 2007 conference in Bali, Indonesia.
tion and verification. Now that ISO standards exist in this important area, do you see an opportunity to harmonize the CDM and JI approaches with the requirements outlined in the ISO 14064 standards (for GHG quantification, reporting and monitoring)?
Yvo de Boer: The CDM and JI mechanisms provide an internationally negotiated and agreed means to reduce emissions following the goals and objectives of the Kyoto Protocol. The CDM and
JI mechanisms are market based and therefore rely on the many and various complex market forces at play for their implementation and ongoing operation. To succeed in such a fluid environment, it is essential that an appropriate level of standardization of practices, means and approaches for monitoring, validation and verification are established, recorded and implemented. A considerable body of knowledge has already been developed in this regard under both the CDM and JI schemes.
UNFCCC headquarters, Bonn, Germany.
Third, it must define stable and predictable financing to help the developing world reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the inevitable effects of climate change. And finally, it must identify institutions that will allow technology and finance to be deployed in a way that treats developing countries as equal partners in the decision-making process.
ISO Focus: The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and the Joint Implementation (JI) programmes under the Kyoto Protocol have helped define best practice in GHG accounting, validaPhoto by Jan Golinksi, UNFCCC
Photo by Jan Golinksi, UNFCCC
(Above) Accra Climate Change Talks, August 2008. (Below) UNFCCC COP 13 in Bali, Indonesia, December 2007.
For instance, documented and approved baseline and monitoring methodologies for calculating emissions reductions in CDM projects are providing standardized approaches. But they are also paving the way for identifying improvements, while addressing some of the many regulatory and methodological complexities inherent in global GHG quantification and monitoring. The existence of UNFCCC documents obviously does not preclude the potential for other standards to play an important role. ISO standards could provide very valuable additional insights and criteria. ISO standards provide frameworks for assessing and verifying greenhouse gases at different levels. The ISO 14064 series of standards provide internationally harmonized guidelines offering the
Guest View
potential for different economic actors to implement greenhouse gas reduction activities. Although the ISO 14064 and UNFCCC standards have very distinct, and in some cases different, focuses there are considerable similarities in approach evident in both sets of standards. The UNFCCC could take into consideration the requirements outlined in the ISO 14064 standards as appropriate, and supplement its own requirements as necessary, in accordance with the relevant decisions taken by the meeting of the parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP), which is the ultimate decision-making body of both the CDM and JI schemes. CMP decisions are treated as mandatory requirements intended to ensure the successful implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. All decisions taken by the supervisory bodies of the mechanisms must be consistent with, and not contradict, the decisions of the CMP. institutional infrastructure tasked with governance and oversight of both the CDM and JI programmes. The approach agreed in both the CDM modalities and procedures and JI guidelines is that both programmes shall be regulated by supervisory bodies. These are the CDM Executive Board and the JI Supervisory Committee respectively. A centralized regulatory structure is an inherent part of the current international agreements. These same agreements also specify that the role for designated operational entities (DOEs), in the case of CDM, and accredited independent entities (AIEs), in the case of JI, is to act on behalf of these two governance structures who, given the relatively small number of DOEs and AIEs involved, have created internal capacity to accredit them to perform this specialist CDM or JI related role. It is not currently envisaged that such an important task would be outsourced to third parties. are impacted by the work of the accredited DOEs and AIEs tasked with CDM and JI verification and validation responsibilities, are such that the accreditation of validation and verification bodies to the ISO 14065 standard alone would be insufficient to meet the requirements of the CDM and JI accreditations programmes.
The challenge now is to increase efficiency, and scale up the mechanisms so that they can fulfill their potential.
ISO Focus: Accredited programmes are also being developed to certify the competence of individuals performing GHG quantification and verification. Do you see the certification of the competence of these individuals as an important step for professionalizing the area of GHG accounting and verification?
Yvo de Boer: The success of any GHG scheme obviously depends on the credibility and reliability of the means, approaches and practices established for GHG accounting (monitoring, validation and verification of emissions reductions). In this respect, quantification, monitoring, verification and reporting of GHG emission reductions are essential components. Successful and sustainable implementation of any programme or scheme can only be achieved if the personnel involved in such an important task have the necessary expertise, skills, experience and training. It is reassuring that there are now such developments in this direction which should, as you mention, make an important contribution to enhancing professionalism. In the CDM area specifically, the CDM Executive Board has recently adopted a standard which, while not strictly asking for certification of personnel, does provide much clearer criteria for the competencies required by DOE personnel in order to be accredited. For instance, the CDM accreditation standard sets some competence requirements both for managers and individual validators or verifiers. The evaluation of valida-
Bangkok Climate Change Talks, March/April 2008.
ISO Focus: National accreditation bodies are now creating programmes for the accreditation of validation and verification bodies to the ISO 14065 standard. How do you feel about considering recognizing these bodies for validation and verification activities under the CDM and JI programmes?
Yvo de Boer: The development, using ISO 14065, of national accreditation schemes, needs to be considered within the context of the current international
It has to be stressed that both the CDM and JI accreditation programmes are founded on several unique but essential aspects. One of these is the continually evolving Standard for Accreditation Body that includes relevant guidance, such as the Validation and Verification Manual. Accreditation procedures that are unique to CDM and JI also include aspects such as product inspection, DOE and AIE performance monitoring and spot checks. The requirements for successful participation in CDM and JI projects, which
tors and verifiers includes criteria such as relevant formal education, specific work experience in the field, appropriate auditor training, and related experience such as participation in validation and verification functions under the guidance of qualified validators and verifiers. Furthermore, the DOEs are required to ensure that their management is competent to assess the human resource requirements and maintain the competence level of personnel by arranging any necessary training. The CDM Executive Board, through the secretariat, will continue to closely observe these developments for appropriate future consideration of such approaches. This could also be an important area for future cooperation between ISO and the UNFCCC.
ISO 14064 is compatible with and complementary to the CDM and JI requirements.
ISO Focus: What new International Standards would the UNFCCC like to see coming out of ISO? Are there areas for which the UNFCCC would like to see more or different standards?
Yvo de Boer: The learning by doing nature of CDM and JI has created significant expertise and an entrepreneurial culture around carbon market, in general, and project-based mechanisms, in particular. The challenge now is to increase efficiency, and scale up the mechanisms so that they can fulfill their potential.
The CMP, taking into account the lessons learnt, has requested strategic improvements in the operation of the mechanisms. An appropriate level of standardization of practices, means and approaches for monitoring, validation and verification is essential. In this respect, ISO standards could provide valuable insights.
The ISO 14064 standards for greenhouse gas accounting and verification provide a set of tools for programmes aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, as well as for emissions trading. ISO 14064 is compatible with and complementary to the CDM and JI requirements. However, if it is to be used to quantify GHG projects intended to create certified emissions reductions (CERs) and emissions reduction units (ERUs), then it would have to take into consideration the additional policy requirements of the Kyoto protocol market-based mechanisms. New standards that facilitate positive action to address climate change are of interest to the UNFCCC secretariat, which will continue to maintain dialogue with ISO and other stakeholders.
Bonn Climate Change Talks, June 2009.

Main Focus
The artist : Dawn Oman

welcomes visitors and collectors from across Canada and around the world who delight in the vibrant colour and playful spirit of her work. Starting as a collection of original paintings, prints and art cards, the Dawn Oman product line has since grown to include many products, from fine porcelain giftware to silk scarves and stained glass. World Standards Day 2009 poster designer Dawn Oman is a Mtis artist born in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada. She is a direct descendant of Chief Snuff of the Yellow Knives, one of the signers of the historic Treaty 8 with the Government of Canada. She has devoted herself to painting full-time. She opened her own Yellowknife gallery in 1999, where she continues to paint, and Oman has received both the Peoples Choice and Artists Choice Awards at the Great Northern Arts Festival in Inuvik, Northwest Territories. In 2008, she designed a very popular commemorative medal for the 2008 Yellowknife Arctic Winter Games. In addition, her work was chosen by the Royal Canadian Mint for the Festivals of Canada Series silver 50-cent coin collection, and four of
her designs were selected by the UNICEF International card program. Also, the Canadian North Airlines Corporate look is based on Dawns original art: her Bear and Moon design is painted on the jet tails of the airlines fleet. Swirling colours representing the Northern Lights is a recurrent theme throughout her works, as is her brilliant colour combinations and unique interpretations of northern icons. A self-taught artist with many influences, Dawns style is constantly evolving. While she remains true to her northern Canadian roots, Dawns maturing works celebrate nature in all its seasons, as well as the kinship between people and nature. Dawn comments: My work reflects my fascination with colour and the power of a joyful image to bring light to the soul, during our long winters, the dark time, and at any time the spirit is in need of a reminder that in beauty, there is hope and peace. Web www.dawnoman.com
World Standards Day Message 14 October 2009
Tackling climate change through standards
Mr. Jacques Rgis, IEC President
Dr. Alan Morrison, ISO President
Dr. Hamadoun Tour, ITU Secretary-General
he world is facing a critical challenge. Increasing greenhouse gas emissions are raising the earths average temperature. As a result, dramatic climate change is forecast and global scientific opinion predicts enormous developmental, economic, social and environmental stresses on our planet. Leading climate change experts have put forward a series of practical solutions to tackle climate change. These solutions include the technical standards published by the worlds three leading international standardization organizations: the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). In its groundbreaking report published in 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) cited technical standards, like those published by the IEC, ISO and ITU, as a means of mitigating climate change now, while offering the potential to reduce its effects in the future as new technologies are developed and mature. The three global organizations are coordinating their work to ensure that government, business and society are provided with the necessary tools to help combat global climate change and to support the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by increasing energy efficiency, while facilitating sustainable development. The standards produced by the three organizations reach across all sectors identified in the IPCC report where mitigation technologies, policies and measures, constraints and opportunities exist, including energy supply, transport, buildings, industry, agriculture, forestry, and waste.
The IEC, ISO and ITU offer a system of standardization whose output includes standards for the following aspects of the fight against climate change: Monitoring and measurement of greenhouse gas emissions Measuring the carbon footprint of networks and products Designing and building energy efficient homes and workplaces Promoting good practice for environmental management and design, and for energy management Disseminating innovative technologies that promise to help reduce the effects of climate change Fostering the introduction of new energy-efficient technologies and services. International Standards offer policy makers, industry and users the common tools they need to work together on tackling climate change. The three partner organizations also offer a comprehensive system in which nations and the private sector can participate to establish the priorities for tackling climate change in the years ahead. As such, they offer practical solutions with the potential to be used as part of any international agreement following on from the Kyoto Protocol. Standards from the IEC, ISO and ITU offer the worlds governments and industry the best possible benchmarks to be referenced in any policy making decisions or future climate treaties. The three organizations are working together with other international organizations to ensure that participants at the upcoming United Nations Climate Change Conference on 7-18 December 2009 in Copenhagen, Denmark, will be fully aware of the solutions offered by existing and future International Standards.
Main Focus
ISO, the environment and climate change
ut of a total of over 18 000 ISO standards and related documents, more than 570 are directly related to environmental subjects, including climate change, and many more can help in reducing environmental impacts. Offering business, government and society a complete portfolio of practical tools for tackling environmental challenges, they range from standards for sampling, testing and analytical methods, through environmental management and environmental aspects of product design, to new work on ship recycling. ISO standards directly related to climate change include ISO 14067, now under development, for measuring the carbon footprint of products. Targeted for publication in 2011, it will complement the already published standards ISO 14064:2006 and ISO 14065:2007, which provide an internationally agreed framework for measuring greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, verifying claims made about them, and accrediting the bodies which carry out such activities. ISO standards offer practical tools for addressing climate change at four levels:
Meteorological Organization (WMO) to develop further standards for gauging essential climate change variables.
2. Quantifying GHG emissions and communicating on environmental impacts Quantifying

ISO 14064 and ISO 14065 provide an internationally agreed framework for measuring GHG emissions and verifying claims made about them so that a tonne of carbon is always a tonne of carbon. They thus support programmes to reduce GHG emissions and also emissions trading programmes. ISO 14064 is emerging as the global benchmark on which to base such programmes. ISO 14064 is consistent and compatible with the GHG Protocol, published by the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). ISO, the WRI and the WBCSD have signed a Memorandum of Understanding to work together to promote their GHG accounting and reporting standards.
The Voluntary Carbon Standard (VCS) developed by The Climate Group (TCG), the International Emissions Trading Association (IETA) and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) specifically integrates the principles of ISO 14064 and uses the validation and verification requirements of ISO 14065. Achieving international agreement on the quantification and verification of emissions trading is the key to supporting the development, networking and consistency of emissions credit trading schemes.
Communicating
ISO has developed a number of standards to ensure good practice in environmental claims and communications: ISO 14020:2000, Environmental labels and declarations ISO 14063:2006, Environmental communication ISO 21930:2007, Sustainability in building construction Environmental declaration of building products.
1. Monitoring climate change

ISO technical committee ISO/TC 211 develops standards on geographic information and geomatics which help to measure the extent of the effects of climate change. ISO is also collaborating with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World
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3. Promoting good practice in environmental management and design

The ISO 14000 family of standards for environmental management developed by ISO technical committee ISO/TC 207 is firmly established as the global benchmark for good practice in this area. ISO 14001:2004, Environmental management systems Requirements with guidance for use, contributes to any organizations objectives to operate in an environmentally sustainable manner. Up to the end of December 2007, more than 154 000 ISO 14001 certificates of conformity had been issued to private and public sector organizations in 148 countries and economies. The ISO 14000 family includes supporting tools for environmental management and designing environmentally friendly products and services: ISO 14004:2004, Environmental management systems General guidelines on principles, systems and support techniques ISO 14040:2000, Environmental management Life cycle analysis Principles and framework for life cycle analysis ISO Guide 64:2008, Guide for addressing environmental issues in product standards.
ISO standards are among the leading objective tools that assist policy-makers in decisions related to public incentives, regulations and use of standards, thus encouraging the judicious and widespread use of such innovative technologies. ISO has already developed standards with an impact on climate change for areas such as building environment design, energy efficiency of buildings and sustainability in building construction, intelligent transport systems, solar energy, wind turbines, nuclear energy and hydrogen technologies. ISOs proactive stance on energy and climate change matters has resulted in the initiation of ISO work on energy management systems (the future ISO 50001) and the examination of new opportunities in energy efficiency and renewable energy sources. ISO maintains its close cooperation with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and has additionally partnered with the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the World Energy Council (WEC) in joint initiatives related to this field. In March 2009, ISO jointly organized a workshop in Paris with the IEA and IEC on International Standards to promote energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions. For more information, see the ISO Website sections: Hot topics, which includes climate change and energy, and Management standards, which includes the ISO 14000 family.
4. Opening world markets for GHG emission reduction and trading, and energy efficient technologies
International Standards can also make essential contributions to realizing the full potential of energy efficiency measures based on existing technology and good practice, as well as to disseminating innovative technologies particularly for renewable and carbon-neutral energy sources. In the case of innovative technologies, standards can reduce the time to market of products and services based on them, create global interest and develop a critical mass of support to ensure the economic success of such technologies.
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Carbon performance made simple

by Michel Girard, Director, Climate Change Service, Canadian Standards Association
ost senior executives recognize the need to measure and manage their organizations carbon footprints1). But many also perceive the process to be complicated, even intimidating, and that can act as an obstacle to participation in carbon reduction schemes. Moreover, new programmes and emerging regulations are creating a confusing landscape for businesses to manage, as they put their best foot forward on climate change. Earlier this year, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) introduced a proposed mandatory reporting rule for organizations that emit more than 25 000 metric tonnes of greenhouse gases (GHGs) each year. Under the proposed rule, up to 40 000 facilities will be required to complete a selfassessment in 2010 to determine whether annual mandatory reporting to the EPA is required. In conjunction with this rule, members of the US House Energy and Commerce Committee moved a step closer to establishing a cap-and-trade system in the USA, by approving the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 (also known as the WaxmanMarkley Bill) earlier this year.
accounts and any other information determined by regulation of the government. The other member provinces of the WCI British Columbia, Manitoba and Ontario are also establishing carbon management programmes. Alberta, although not a WCI member, was the first province in Canada to develop legislation to regulate GHG emissions when it enacted the Climate Change and Emissions Management Act.
Canadas GHG steps

Canada has already adopted a mandatory GHG reporting programme, but only for facilities that emit more than 100 000 metric tonnes of GHGs per year. Canadas federal government has said it is concerned about taking the lead on developing regulations because this
1) A carbon footprint is the total set of greenhouse gas emissions caused directly and indirectly by an individual, organization, event or product (UK Carbon Trust 2008).
could possibly disadvantage Canadian emitters. This probably means that developments in the USA over the next two years will be very important to Canadian business. At the provincial level, there is also significant activity. The government of Quebec is currently considering Bill 42. Its purpose is to give the provincial government the powers necessary to participate in the cap-and-trade system for GHG emissions, in partnership with the other Canadian provinces and member countries of the Western Climate Initiative (WCI). If adopted, Quebec will establish reduction targets and emission caps. It will then require reports of all GHG emissions covered by the joint programme of the WCI to maintain a public register of emission allowances containing the names of the holders of emission allowances, the number and type of emission allowances credited to their respective
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Back to school
The first step for carbon footprint management is understanding. CSAs GHG management training programme comprises five courses based on the ISO 14064 series, including:
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Two introductory courses providing solid basic training in carbon measurement

and management, for all professionals: Measuring your organizations corporate carbon footprint: CSAs ISO 14064-1 essentials Inventories for organizations and Reducing your organizations environmental impact: CSAs ISO 14064-2 essentials Greenhouse gas projects
An advanced course offering GHG project management training for consultants,

validators and verifiers: Carbon emission reduction expert course: ISO 14064-2 Expert Greenhouse gas projects
A Greenhouse gas validation and verification using ISO 14064 course

providing detailed training on the validation and verification processes using ISO 14064-3 for those looking to work in this new exciting field. The advanced courses assist candidates in preparation for accreditation or personnel certification programmes. CSAs GHG management training programme has expanded to meet growing market demand and is now available across North America. In Europe, Chris Mee Safety Engineering offers the CSA GHG management training programme in Ireland and the United Kingdom. CSA plans to license its training modules in other jurisdictions.
tools can help. And CSA has been supporting governments and businesses in building capacity to manage these new challenges. On behalf of the Standards Council of Canada (SCC), the ISO member for Canada, CSA was privileged to manage the Secretariat of the committee developing the ISO 14064 series of standards for GHG management. Based on this experience, CSA Climate Change Services set out to build a suite of solutions that help demystify each step along the path to managing carbon. This suite has been named C arbon performance made simple . ISO standards play an integral role in each and every one of these climate change solutions.
Voluntary registries
Businesses that are establishing a GHG inventory and taking steps to reduce emissions often wish to get recognition for their efforts. Publishing results on a credible, third-party registry allows organizations to share their successes with stakeholders and showcase their environmental leadership. A recent report showed that 90% of Canadian senior financial executives consider disclosure of their companys
Spreading the word

ISO has been active internationally in encouraging the recognition of ISO 14064 series on greenhouse gases, and the development of accreditation programmes under ISO 14065, Requirements for greenhouse gas validation and verification bodies for use in accreditation or other forms of recognition. Among its activities ISO has: Signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) for collaboration on GHG accounting standards, and joint promotion of ISO 14064 and the WRI/WBCSD GHG Protocol as complementary standards Negotiated a copyright licensing agreement allowing the use of ISO 14064 terminology as a core component of the Voluntary Carbon Standard Worked with the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) and others to run capacity-building workshops on ISO 14064 and ISO 14065 in several developing countries, including Brazil and South Africa.
How can businesses negotiate complex climate change programmes and rules while staying competitive and prospering in uncertain times?
CSA has also worked with ISO to launch the development of the future standard, ISO 14066, Greenhouse gases Competence requirements for conducting greenhouse gas validation and verification engagements with guidance for evaluation, as well as the future ISO 14067 standard on carbon footprint of products. CSA is also providing expertise and leadership to support the ISO technical committee, ISO/TC 207, Environmental management, liaison between the ISO 14067 standard development effort and the WRI/WBCSD effort relative to product carbon footprinting, thereby leveraging each organizations capabilities in GHG measurement and standards development. How can businesses negotiate this complex set of programmes and rules, while staying competitive and prospering in uncertain times? As with previous challenges, ISO standards and related
About the author

Dr. Michel Girard is the Director of the Ottawa Office at the CSA, where he is responsible for the climate change portfolio. On behalf of SCC, CSA acted as secretariat for the development of the ISO 14064 and ISO 14065 series of standards for carbon management. The organization delivers solutions to help mitigate and adapt to the effects of a changing climate. Prior to his appointment at CSA, Dr. Girard was Director of International Climate Change at Environment Canada. For more information: www.csa.ca/
carbonperformance
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environmental and sustainability performance to be important.2) Launched in October 2008 and based on ISO 14064-1, Greenhouse gases Part 1: Specification with guidance at the organizational level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals, CSAs GHG CleanStart Registry breaks down carbon measurement and reporting in five simplified steps to mitigate confusion and encourage participation from organizations of all sizes. Based on ISO 14064-2, Greenhouse gases Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements , CSAs GHG CleanProjects Registry focuses on the listing and delisting of greenhouse gas projects and the resulting verified emission reductions and removals (VERRs). Through its serialization engine, the GHG CleanProjects Registry tags each metric tonne of VERR with a unique serial number. The serialization of VERRs, or carbon offset credits, is required if the project proponent intends to sell the VERR in a carbon market.
Certifying personnel
These emerging climate change programmes and regulations will need the support of a competent workforce. However, recent surveys show that 84% of international industry professionals, scientists, and organization al leaders say there is a shortage of qualified GHG staff and experts to fulfill current needs.3) In addition, 87% believe there will be a shortage of qualified experts to support new emission trading schemes and other policies. 4) And 89% believe the carbon performance management industry will at least double in the next five years.5) Developed by CSA Standards, with input from organizations such as The Climate Registry, the Climate Action Reserve, the Chicago Climate Exchange, the California Air Resources Board and Ohio EPA CSAs GHG personnel certification programmes are a consistent, independent and verifiable way to identify competent individuals to fill this shortfall of qualified professionals. The GHG verifier certification the first of its kind in North America was developed under the structure of ISO/IEC 17024, Conformity assessment General requirements for bodies operating certification of persons, the global benchmark for organizations that operate personnel certification programmes. The ISO/IEC 17024 standard outlines methods and procedures to ensure the objective and unbiased assessment of a candidates knowledge, skills and abilities. The GHG inventory quantifier personnel certification programme for professionals who develop, quantify and report GHG emissions and removals is focused on organizational inventories prepared under International Standards such as ISO 14064-1 and the Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHGP). It is designed to enhance the credibility, consistency and integrity of GHG quantification and reporting. This programme was also developed under the structure of ISO/IEC 17024. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI), ISO member for the USA, uses ISO 14065, Greenhouse gases Requirements for greenhouse gas validation and verification bod-
ies for use in accreditation or other forms of recognition , and ISO 14064-3 to accredit organizations conducting third-party verification and validation. Organizations accredited under ANSIs GHG programme are required to present evidence of staff competencies, and the CSA GHG verifier personnel certification is one method of fulfilling that requirement.
Building capacity
The new field of carbon accounting and management is sometimes outside the core responsibilities of organizations and governments. CSA climate change services help build capacity for carbon performance by providing guidance and capacity building with professionals in organizations. CSA climate change experts also participate in technical committee work on the establishment of GHG inventory and offset frameworks and protocols, many of which use the ISO 14064 series of standards. CSA is assisting the province of Manitoba in developing a GHG inventory and reporting framework and helping it develop a web-based portal. The portal will help project proponents develop and showcase GHG-reducing projects, give organizations the tools they need to assess and improve their carbon footprint, and provide a meeting place for buyers and sellers to connect and exchange GHG credits. CSA is also developing and delivering a comprehensive training package through an agreement with
2) Corporate sustainability reporting in Canada, from the Canadian Financial Executives Research Foundation (CFERF), the research institute of Financial Executives International Canada, and PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. 3) 2009 Greenhouse gas and climate change workforce needs assessment survey report, GHG Management Institute and Sequence Staffing. 4) 2009 Greenhouse gas and climate change workforce needs assessment survey report, GHG Management Institute and Sequence Staffing. 5) 2009 Greenhouse gas and climate change workforce needs assessment survey report, GHG Management Institute and Sequence Staffing.
The market for green jobs is expanding rapidly, but institutions are struggling to develop the skills and competencies needed.
Independent verification of organizational carbon inventory reports is strongly recommended for participation in the GHG CleanStart Registry. Independent validation is also recommended for participation in the GHG CleanProjects Registry. Finally, independent verification from a qualified verifier is required before any serialization of emission reductions or removals can occur. ISO 14064-3, Greenhouse gases Part 3: Specification with guidance for the validation and verification of greenhouse gas assertions, provides the principles, requirements and guidance for individuals conducting or managing verification or validation of organizational carbon inventory reports or project-level assertions for both of CSAs voluntary registries.
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Quebec to help small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) better understand how carbon markets work, the trends regarding supply, demand and price, how to develop and showcase emission reduction projects, and how to generate and sell carbon credits. In addition, CSA is helping Alberta review the process leading toward development and approval of quantification protocols acceptable for offsets under the Alberta Emission Reductions Act, as well as providing training to GHG inventory verifiers to ensure a higher level of confidence in GHG assertions.
Finally, CSA is helping Alberta, Manitoba, Quebec and New Brunswick to calculate, track, verify and register emission-reducing projects that benefit from government funding. A growing number of Canadian provinces require projects to be registered under CSAs GHG CleanProjects Registry as a condition of funding.
The beginning of a new era

The carbon management and climate change mitigation industry is still in its infancy. In North America, regulatory measures are just starting to be
put in place. However, some of the tools developed for the North American market may benefit other regions as well. As indicated above, CSA has started to license its course material in Europe, and is considering expanding its GHG personnel certification programme outside of North America to meet new demand. Enhanced training and personnel certification of GHG verifiers may complement existing GHG programmes in Europe and further improve the accuracy of facility-level greenhouse gas reporting. Third-party verification by certified professionals could also support project-based programmes such as the Kyoto Protocols Clean Development Mechanism and Joint Implementation. New standards being developed by ISO to estimate the GHG content of products, including ISO 14067, are likely to prove useful for consumers looking at purchasing low-carbon products. The market for green jobs is expanding rapidly, but existing institutions are struggling to develop the skills and competencies that are needed in the world of carbon inventorying, quantification and verification. Future graduates will need to understand engineering, GHG emission reduction technologies, GHG management, climate science and accounting. On the GHG mitigation front, a multi-disciplinary education will be required to help organizations measure their carbon footprint, identify opportunities to improve carbon performance, manage green supply chains, measure progress and report results. On the adaptation front, organizations will need knowledgeable staff to assess the vulnerability of operations and supply chains to a changing climate, and to implement appropriate response measures. Standards bodies and academic institutions have an opportunity to work together to design appropriate curricula for GHG management and climate change adaptation professionals.
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Carbon footprint standard moves forward

by Klaus Radunsky, Convenor, ISO/TC 207/SC 7/WG 2, GHG management in the value or supply chain
he substantial international involvement and response to the draft ISO 14067, Carbon footprint of products, is a clear sign of the growing interest of companies worldwide on greenhouse gas quantification. Carbon footprint (CFP) refers to the impact that we have on the environment. It involves the calculation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with a company, event, activity, or the lifecycle of a product or service. CFP is therefore a powerful tool for de-carbonizing the product supply chain. CFP enables GHG emissions along the supply chain to be ascertained and managed. It therefore allows comparison of CFP values between different products, between the same product from different producers, and between the same product from the same producer in different locations. In this way, it safeguards the survival of companies in the changing regulatory and economic business landscape. Not only does CFP further the understanding of risks and opportunities in the supply chain, but it facilitates a more focused response to new regulatory, shareholder and consumer pressures. By providing CFP information on products, companies may advertise their efforts to combat global warming, while promoting consumer awareness on GHG emissions. However, to ensure fair comparison and avoid misinterpretation, labelling requires specific calculation tools applied to individual product groups a type of c limate declaration, based on the ISO 14000 series of standards for environmental management systems.
Overwhelming support
The first draft of ISO 14067 has received 578 comments on Part 1: Quantification , and 184 comments on Part 2: Communication. This significant response demonstrates wide interest in the standard and foreshadows a significant uptake. Another indication of the broad interest in the ISO CFP standard is the participation of new members, working primarily in organizations such as the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), the European Commission (EC) and the Global Ecolabelling Network.
All of the comments have been addressed with the effective and constructive effort of the more than 70 participants attending the June 2009 meeting of the working group developing ISO 14067 (ISO/TC 207, Environmental management, subcommittee SC 7, Green house gas management, and related activities, working group WG 2, GHG management in the value or supply chain ). Broad agreement was also achieved on the introduction, scope and methodological framework of both parts of ISO 14067. Participants concurred that the standard will address
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communication from business-to-business (B2B) as well as from businessto-consumers (B2C), including some guidance on labelling. Quantification will address topics such as the electricity supply system, land-use change, soil carbon change, carbon storage, carbon capture, and carbon sequestration. However, the details of these requirements still need to be further developed. ISO 14067 will also inform users about the limitations of a products CFP, in order to prevent misuse of the standard. Thanks to the strong engagement of relevant stakeholders, WG 2 will be in a position to make decisions informed by a sound scientific basis, and build on growing experience with carbon footprinting for products.
sory scheme, it can offer valuable tools for administrators of such schemes. Another important topic is the link between ISO 14067 and the product category rules (PCRs) as dealt with in ISO 14025:2006, Environmental labels and declarations Type III environmental declarations Principles and procedures. PCRs are a prerequisite for a meaningful and reliable comparison of CFP calculations for different value chains and other purposes. These definitions will be important due to differences in the nature of products (according to the ISO definition, products include services as well as goods).
Strong process
The strength of the ISO process became evident when discussing verification in the context of CFP. The latest deliberations indicate that ISO 14065:2007, Greenhouse gases Requirements for greenhouse gas validation and verification bodies for use in accreditation or other forms of recognition, might play a role in accreditation for ISO 14067. Although ISO cannot provide a compul-
By providing CFP information on products, companies may advertise their efforts to combat global warming.
Several organizations and countries are working to facilitate the development of PCRs: Japan is working on a technical specification entitled TS Q0010 (http:// w w w . j e m a i . o r. j p / e n g l i s h / c a r b o n footprint.cfm) New Zealand has published a methodology report on carbon footprint measurement for butter, milk powder, milk protein concentrate, cheese and caseinate across their complete supply chains: starting with on-farm and farm-related inputs, where the raw milk is produced, through to the finished product leaving the dairy processing sites and being transported overseas Carbon Trust in the United Kingdom (UK) has introduced its Footprint Expert tool (www.carbontrust.co.uk and www.carbon-label.co.uk) The Swedish Environmental Management Council offers the International EPD System ( www.environdec. com). Comparison of CFPs is challenging and demands considerable resources. The solutions described above aim to offer affordable tools to minimize costs and complexity, while maintaining quality, consistency and comparability.
One of the goals of standardization with regard to PCRs is to introduce common rules on product carbon footprinting across various sectors and product categories. The more concrete the requirements of ISO 14067, the more likely it will be that existing PCRs will have to be amended in order to be consistent with the standard. This will reflect the added value of the standard, and also improve comparability of CFP. Like the ISO 14064 series on greenhouse gases accounting and verification, ISO 14067 will be regime neutral. However, some further consideration may be needed on guidance with respect to minimum requirements for product category rules.
On the same page

Another important area is consistency with the GHG Protocol Product and Supply Chain Initiative of the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). The respective convenors have agreed to keep each other informed, and to participate in relevant meetings of all processes in order to avoid inconsistencies between the products of ISO and WRI/ WBCSD. Adoption of a common language is very important. This will be quite demanding for the ISO process, as it will have to consolidate terms and definitions that have been developed in the ISO 14064, ISO 14040 (lifecycle assessment) and ISO 14020 (environmental labelling) series. The secretariat of WG 2 is currently held by DIN, and will distribute the second working draft of ISO 14067 for comments in early September. It plans to deliver the first committee draft according to schedule (November 2009). If all deadlines are met, ISO 14067-1 and ISO 14067-2 will be available by the end of 2011.
About the author

Dr. Klaus Radunsky, a Nobel Peace Laureate, is Head of a department of the Umweltbundesamt (Federal Environment Agency) in Vienna, Austria, with responsibility for the Austrian registry under the EU Emission Trading Scheme and the Kyoto Protocol, as well as for the GHG emission inventory under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol. Dr. Radunsky represents Austria in international bodies addressing climate change issues, and also chairs the mirror committee of ISO/TC 207/SC 7 at the Austrian Standards Institute (ASI).
Data acquisition made simple

The practical experience gained by companies preparing GHG inventories along their supply chains constitutes a useful input to the ISO process, providing a basis to identify lessons
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learned. One of the goals of standardization is to allow application of the same data for a specific production process as input in various supply chains. This reduces the effort for data acquisition and makes use of synergies. To this end, ISO 14067 will include the principle of modularity. The aim is for ISO 14067 to become a user-friendly tool, which should help users not only to make strategic decisions (for example on product design), but also day-today operational decisions to reduce GHG emissions along the supply chain. It is also important to solicit feedback on lessons learned, especially from small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, and the Federal Environment Agency in cooperation with ko-Institut e.V. have initiated a stakeholder process and research programme to identify and consolidate activities in Germany. The aim is to develop standardized methodologies concerning adaptation and lifecycle assessment of the CFP based on ISO 14040 and ISO 14044, as well as the British Standards Institutions 1) PAS 2050 . This assessment will provide valuable input into the ISO 14067 via the national mirror committee and the experts participating in WG 2. The input will further help the standard in becoming an important tool, and encourage broad implementation in companies all over the world. The standard also has the potential to provide an essential basis for regulatory approaches introduced at the national or regional level. ISO 14067 is expected to play a key role in meeting the medium- and longterm global goals agreed under international processes such as G-8 and G-20 Summits, and under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change agreed Copenhagen outcome, to take place in December 2009.
Future ISO 50001 for energy management systems

by Edwin Piero, Chair, ISO/ PC 242, Energy management
o topics are probably more in the public eye right now than energy and climate change. From energy prices to climate change impacts, to foreign oil dependence, energy-related topics are the source of constant discussions, debates and news. Whats more, nearly all sectors of society are getting involved. Whether it is energy-conscious home owners, or government-backed policies and incentives, or businesses looking to reduce their carbon footprint, everyone is doing their part to contribute.
Pascal Krieger, Ikebukuro by night, Tokyo, Japan
An equally growing movement is the use of international management system standards as tools to improve organizational efficiency and productivity. Product standards have been around for a long time, but the use of International Standards to manage how an organization functions, rather than the nature of their product, has been growing. ISO is known for its world-famous suite of management system standards for quality (ISO 9000 series) and the environment (ISO 14000 series) respectively. Both have successfully stimulated substantial, continual efficiency improvements within organizations around the globe. We are now experiencing an interesting nexus of the need for effective energy management and the successful growth of international, consensus-based management system standards. Therefore, it is clear that the time has come for an energy management system standard. Effective energy management is a priority focus not only because of the significant potential to save energy, but also because of its role in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worldwide.
1) The publicly available specification PAS 2050:2008, Assessing the lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions of goods and services, was developed by the British Standards Institution, ISO member for the United Kingdom, in cooperation with the national Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs and the Carbon Trust. In addition, a guide to PAS 2050 has also been developed to facilitate implementation.
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International backing
ISO has identified energy management as one of the top five areas requiring the development and promotion of International Standards. This need did not go unnoticed in several countries, with initiatives underway in China, Ireland, the Republic of Korea, the USA and the European Union with its EN 16001. And clearly, the first major users of such a standard will be industry. The expected benefits of the future standard are numerous, including major, long-term increases in energy efficiency of more than 20% in industrial facilities. The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) recognized both industrys need to mount an effective response to climate change, and ISOs need to address the proliferation of national energy management standards. To this end, UNIDO requested that ISO look into developing an international energy management standard. In February 2008, the ISO technical management board approved a new project committee ISO/PC 242, Energy management, to develop the new ISO energy management system standard, building on the most advanced good practices and existing national or regional standards.
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Assist facilities in evaluating and prioritizing the implementation of new energy-efficient technologies Provide a framework for promoting energy efficiency throughout the supply chain Facilitate energy management improvements in the context of GHG emission reduction projects Allow integration with other organization management systems (environment, health and safety). The future ISO 50001 will establish an international framework for industrial and commercial facilities, or other types of organizations, such as public sector operations, to manage all aspects of energy, including procurement and use. As with the ISO 9000 and the ISO 14000 series, it is likely that there will be a certification process for ISO 50001 to certify the management system itself.
Why a new standard ?

The standard will provide organizations and companies with technical and management strategies to increase energy efficiency, reduce costs, and improve environmental performance. Based on broad applicability across national economic sectors, the future standard could influence up to 60% of the worlds energy demand. Although originally intended for industry, the standard will apply to any type of organization wishing to effectively manage its energy uses and efficiency. It is envisioned that the future standard will provide organizations and companies with a recognized framework for integrating energy efficiency into
their management practices. International organizations will have access to a single, harmonized standard for implementation across the organization, with a logical and consistent methodology for identifying and implementing energy efficiency improvements.
Merging of innovative thinking

The inaugural meeting of ISO/PC 242 was held in September 2008, with more than 80 delegates representing 25 ISO member countries from all regions of the world, as well as several organizations in liaison with ISO. Excellent progress was made in the technical discussions and a first working draft was circulated for comment. A major point of discussion was the need to ensure compatibility with the existing suite of ISO management system standards. The committee, therefore, took the key decision to base the draft on the common elements found in all ISO management system standards. The committees second meeting, which took place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in March 2009, delved more into the substance of ISO 50001 and its uniqueness. This included discussion about energy performance improvements, the need for relevant data, and the need for the ability to prioritize energy issues. Clearly, the urgent need for a management tool to tackle the critical issue of energy, combined with an urgency to harmonize the proliferation of similar
About the author

Edwin Piero is Manager of Sustainable Development for the Energy, Systems and Security Division at Parsons Corporation, and is helping Federal clients find new opportunities for sustainability improvements, and aid them in planning, developing, and implementing sustainable solutions. Mr. Piero has more than 28 years of experience in earth and environmental sciences, and in implementation of sustainable practices. He has worked for private consulting firms, as well as the USA government. He is currently the chair of ISO project committee ISO/PC 242, Energy management.
Effective energy management is a priority focus because of the significant potential to save energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions worldwide.
The standard will also accomplish the following: Assist organizations in making better use of their existing energy-consuming assets Offer guidance on benchmarking, measuring, documenting, and reporting energy intensity improvements and their projected impact on reductions in GHG emissions Create transparency and facilitate communication on the management of energy resources Promote energy management best practices and reinforce good energy management behaviours
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national standards, has resulted in a very fast-moving and smooth International Standard development process. Since the Brazil meeting, a committee draft (CD) is being prepared for the third quarter of 2009, with a final International Standard ready for the end of 2010. As with any ISO standard, there is ample opportunity for stakeholder input, and as the process moves to the CD stage, the role of national delegations grows in importance. From this point on, it is expected that each member country will develop its own opinions and comments on the ensuing drafts. In addition, energy leaders are encouraged to participate in their countrys national mirror committee which will coordinate the countrys participation in writing the standard.
Common terminology for energy efficiency

by Jean-Jacques Marchais, member, ISO Strategic Advisory Group on Energy
This makes it essential that we arrive at agreed definitions of common terminology if we are to have meaningful discussions and common action toward regulations, standards, good practice, technologies and incentives.
Global transverse issues

ISO and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) have recently created a joint ISO/IEC project committee (ISO/IEC PC 2), following a new work item proposal from France. The move is the result of substantial standardization activity on the subject, among them the recently published European Standard EN 16001, Energy management systems. Developing such a standard is a substantial challenge, as an extensive scope must be organized and covered consistently. Both horizontal global transverse issues and more specific, vertical sector-based issues will need to be addressed in a rapidly evolving environment characterized by tremendous leaps in innovation. Global transverse issues include : Energy efficiency action planning and reporting at global and national levels : The European Union has set a target of a 20 % energy efficiency improvement by 2020. Member states shall report progress (EU Directive 2006/32) Energy efficiency action planning and reporting at entity level (business or organization) : A steadily growing number of industries, businesses and entities have enacted energy efficiency targets and reporting requirements. Energy management systems and associated standards have been implemented
The future shines bright

It is hoped that the introduction of ISO 50001 will result in widespread uptake among all types of energy users. The Plan-Do-Check-Act model has been proven successful for managing quality and environmental issues. Each new management system standard is an improvement over the prior ones, based on lessons learned from past experience. Hence, ISO 50001 will be strong in integrating performance measurement and data with the management system framework. It will not only lead to effective management of the process, but will also increase energy efficiency and more prudent energy use.
nergy efficiency has moved to the top of the global political agenda. This is illustrated by the decisions made at the 2009 G-8 summit in LAquila, Italy, and by the plethora of international climate change meetings culminating in the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, Denmark, in December 2009. There are good reasons for this high-level focus: climate change mitigation, energy security and sustainable economic development, all depend on making the best possible use of every available energy source. At the same time, diversification of energy supply through development of renewables and promotion of low-carbon sources will be critical, both in deployment of existing technologies and in research and development on new ones. Deployment of more efficient energy solutions involves many actors coming from a variety of organizations including government, industry, solution providers, energy-intensive businesses, consumers, non-governmental organizations and standardization bodies and from virtually all economic sectors. It is inevitable that the objectives of these disparate interests will vary and sometimes conflict.
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Energy efficiency services development : Clear, common terms are vital for maintaining the confidence of clients and aligning market players. Measurement and verification is a critical issue Alignment of terms and definitions between stakeholders : Including regulators, standards writers and standard users (clients and suppliers of energy efficiency solutions and services).
Integration of building facilities such as security, energy efficiency and productivity will dramatically affect overall environmental performance Electric vehicles will interface with buildings Electricity storage technologies are emerging.
The availability of common terms on energy efficiency and renewable energy sources will foster dialogue between all stakeholders; it will support understanding of regulatory, technical and contractual texts on energy efficiency and renewable energy sources. Specifically, it will promote actions on: Elaboration of local and regional regulations Standards writing and coordination between various technical committees Standards understanding and application by users Clarification of relations between providers and clients regarding procurement, contracts and services. The joint ISO/IEC PC 2 will soon begin this challenging work. Involvement of many countries will be a key to ensuring international consensus.
Learning from experience

The working group launched by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) Sector Forum Energy Management has delivered a technical report on the subject. This experience can be summarized as follows : Consider actual context High visibility and pressure on regulators and political agendas Inflation of communication by all stakeholders Energy efficiency implementation is the real challenge. Keep all stakeholders in mind while giving priority to implementers Compromise is essential Keep it simple Standards are key tools to accelerate implementation. Do not jump to terms and definitions without consensus on concepts The recommendations in ISO 704, Terminology work Principles and methods, are valuable Consensus on concepts will facilitate future work on terms and definitions Initial time investments on concepts improve efficiency. Concentrate first on core and transverse; more specific terms can be handled in sectors Core and transverse issues are the priority to ensure consistency Sectors have specific needs requiring specific competencies and experts.
The terminology roadmap

Global concepts and terms such as energy efficiency (and services), energy management and energy performance need to be agreed upon. Vertical issues are more specific, sector-based topics. However, because all types of energy in all sectors will be covered, consistency between sectors, and sector-specific approaches are important. Calculation methods and terminology will contribute to a roadmap with a lifespan of 10 to 30 years, requiring careful consideration of stakes and the implementation agenda : Process industries have long experience in energy management Existing buildings are critical for results over the next 10 years Generation efficiency and carbon sequestration and storage will give longer-term results Biofuels and electrical vehicles are essential for progress in the transportation sector. Technology aspects will be important; for example, while buildings are traditionally only consumers of energy, structures of the future will be active players in energy management as producers as well as consumers. Technology allows active energy efficiency according to user activity and external conditions : Decentralized renewable energy sources need to be connected and managed with the electrical grid Monitoring, automation and control open new energy management possibilities ICT and connectivity can now help optimize building energy behaviour
About the author

Jean-Jacques Marchais is a graduate engineer from the Polytechnic Institute of Grenoble, France. He has worked for Schneider Electric since 1981, and is currently in the Corporate Strategy and Innovation Division in charge of energy efficiency regulations and standardization. Mr. Marchais is a member of the joint European Committee for Standardization European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Sector Forum Energy Management (SFEM) and Convenor of the SFEM working group on energy efficiency and energy management terminology. He is also a member of the International Electrotechnical Commission Strategic Group 1 and of the ISO Strategic Advisory Group on Energy.
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Main Focus
Energy efficiency in buildings

by Dick (H. A. L.) van Dijk and Prof. Essam E. Khalil, Co-Convenors, ISO/TC 163ISO/TC 205 joint working group, Energy performance of buildings using holistic approach
he world is facing unprecedented energy challenges resulting from increased concerns over supplies of fossil fuels and clearly discernable climate change. Energy consumption in buildings represents close to 40% of the worlds 1) total energy use , including climate control and energy used for appliances, lighting and other installed equipment. There are many ways to reduce the energy requirements of buildings. The potential savings from energy efficiency in the building sector would contribute substantially to a worldwide reduction in energy consumption. The implications should not be underestimated, as the scale of energy efficiency in buildings is large enough to influence security policy, climate protection and public health on a national and global scale.
The potential savings from energy efficiency in the building sector would contribute substantially to a society-wide reduction in energy consumption.
Studies by the International Energy Agency (IEA) show that a long-term 70% reduction in energy consumption is possible in new buildings in most Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, with little or no additional total costs for the owners. In some countries, requirements on new construction are closer to the leastcost optimum and the possible reduction is smaller. The IEA estimates that the total feasible potential for energy savings by
renovation and refurbishment in most OECD countries would be around 50% of actual consumption. In transition economies, this potential will be even larger because of the poorer efficiency of existing buildings.
An urgent need
The lack of internationally agreed terms, definitions and procedures makes it very difficult to compare minimum energy performance requirements between countries,2) or to understand and compare data gathered on measured energy use of buildings.3) For this reason, a coherent set of International Standards is urgently needed for assessment and calculation, rating and labelling, and standards for best practice and improvement of energy performance in buildings. Such standards would enable meaningful comparisons of actual energy use, and of the potential for novel energy saving and renew-
able energy technologies at a global level. They would also facilitate the market for services related to energy use in buildings. Various ISO technical committees have been active in the field of energy in buildings, each from different perspectives. This is particularly true for ISO technical committee ISO/TC163, Thermal performance and energy use in the built environment, and ISO/TC205, Building environment design. For this reason, these two committees have joined forces to establish a joint working group aimed at fostering a smooth and rapid development of energy efficiency standards for the global building industry.
1) www.iea.org/g8/2008/Building_Codes.pdf 2) www.buildup.eu/publications/1466 3) www.enper-exist.com (see Final report on building stock knowledge)
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Examples of standards on thermal performance

Thermal performance and energy use
ISO technical committee ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy use in the built environment, produces sets of standards referencing the thermal, hygrothermal and energy performance requirements that can be expressed at various levels, from materials to complete buildings. Several of the committees standards were developed or revised in close cooperation with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and subjected, in accordance with the Vienna Agreement, to parallel approval in CEN and ISO, mainly in relation to the CEN mandate to develop a set of standards on energy performance in buildings that followed the publication of the 2002 Energy Performance of Buildings Directive in Europe (EPBD). ISO6946:2007, Building components and building elements Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance Calculation method ISO13789:2007, Thermal performance of buildings Transmission and ventilation heat transfer coefficients Calculation method ISO13370:2007, Thermal performance of buildings Heat transfer via the ground Calculation methods ISO10211:2007, Thermal bridges in building construction Heat flows and surface temperatures Detailed calculations Parts 1 and 2 of ISO10077 published under the general title, Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters Calculation of thermal transmittance. Examples include:
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ISO 13790:2008, Building energy performance Energy use for space heating and cooling, one of the key standards for the EPBD Some standards on thermal performance properties of building elements and components (see box, left) Various parts of ISO 15927, published in six parts under the general title, Hygrothermal performance of buildings Calculation and presentation of climatic data Several standards on terminology, test and calculation methods for heat and moisture transfer, temperature conditions, energy use and heating and cooling loads in buildings.
Examples of standards on building environment design

ISO16813:2006, Building environment design Indoor environment General principles
About the authors

Dick H.A.L. van Dijk is Senior Scientist at the TNO (Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research), tasked with initiation, coordination and execution of national and international research projects and associated standardization activities in the field of energy in buildings. Since 1995, he has been responsible for the national calculation procedures for the integrated energy performance of buildings as part of the Dutch national building code, which served as an example for the European Unions Energy Performance of Buildings Directive. Mr. van Dijk is also responsible for preparation of ISO13790:2008 and Convenor of ISO technical committee ISO/TC163, Thermal performance and energy use in the built environment, working group WG3, Energy performance buildings. Prof. Dr. Essam E. Khalil is Professor of mechanical engineering at Cairo University, Egypt, and Chairperson of the Arab Air Conditioning Code Committee and Convenor of ISO/TC205, Building environment design, working group WG2, Design of energy-efficient buildings. He led the development of ISO16818. Since 1995, Prof. Khalil has been responsible for development and regular updating of the national energy code and energy performance of buildings in Egypt, which became the Arab Energy Code in 2009. He is a fellow of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and has contributed to more than 350 published papers and four books in English.
ISO16818:2008, Building environment design Energy efficiency Terminology ISO16814:2008, Building environment design Indoor air quality Methods of expressing the quality of indoor air for human occupancy ISO23045:2008, Building environment design Guidelines to assess energy efficiency of new buildings.
Building design made easier

ISO technical committee ISO/TC 205 develops standards for the design of new buildings and retrofit of existing buildings for acceptable thermal and visual comfort, indoor air quality, energy conservation and efficiency.
(Continued on page 26)

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Main Focus
Energy Performance (EP) Overall energy performance of the building including its technical building systems
EP
Co
EP expressions EP aggregation Boundaries, classification Collect all energy elements Building energy needs and system energy losses Component input data
mm on ter ms ,d efin itio ns

Annex C (informative) Energy certificate format
an ds ym bo ls
EN
Boundary conditions
This annex provides three examples of an energy certificate format. These examples illustration only and do not show all the details needed for an energy certificate. In particula recommendations for improvements as well as ways to present the supporting eviden certificate are not presented.
Overall building energy performance.
Many other solutions are possible. Example 1 with one single indicator and classification:
Energy certificate
from top to bottom. These cover terms such as energy needs, technical building systems, auxiliary energy use, recoverable system losses, primary energy and renewable energy. The top segment of the pyramid is the main output: the energy performance and the energy performance certificate of the building.
Harmonization of terms is essential.
Building Energy Performance Space to make reference to the energy certification procedure used
Very energy efficient
As built
calculated
A B C D E F G
Not energy efficient
Think Pyramids
The assessment of the overall energy performance of a building, including the technical building systems, comprises a number of successive steps, which can be schematically visualized as a pyramid. Sets of common terms, definitions and symbols are essential for all segments
The second segment provides the inputs for the top segment: one or more numerical indicators expressing the energy performance (such as overall energy use per square metre conditioned floor area, EP), a classification and ways to express the minimum energy performance requirements (EPmax).
130 kWh/(m a)
Space to include additional information on the indicator and building energy use
Administrative information: address of the building conditioned area date of validity certifier name and signature
Example of energy certificate.
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= Conversion factors, needed to aggregate energy to one numerical Indicator, e.g. EP, ECO2,..
Delivered to or Exported from technical system Systems part
ing gree Building Needs o
Electric Appliances
Delivered Electricity
Gas, oil, coal, wood, District heating or cooling
Distribution and transport
Heating/ cooling systems (incl. BCHP)*
Lighting
Ventilation 1)
Hot Water Cooling Heating Cooking, ..
PV , local Solar thermal
**
Input DH/DC Input dh (district heating and cooling)
Exported Electricity Heat
Boundaries and main building energy performance elements. (*BCHP =building

combined heat and power; **PV= photovoltaic)
Building
Renewable
1) Air transport for ventilation.
Procedures for a consistent breakdown of energy elements.
The third segment describes the principles and procedures on the weighting of different energy carriers (such as electricity, gas, oil or wood) when they are aggregated to overall amount of delivered (and exported) energy. For instance, this may be expressed as total primary energy (EP) or carbon dioxide emission (ECO2). The fourth segment specifies the categorization of building types (for example, office spaces, residential or retail) and specification of the boundaries of the building. The fifth segment provides procedures on the breakdown of the building energy needs and system energy losses, aiming at gaining clear insights into where energy is used. The sixth segment provides the building energy needs and energy use for each application (heating, cooling, etc.) and interactions between them. The seventh segment provides the input data on components, such as thermal
Energy Energy Need Need Energy (kWh) Need

Heating
Used
(kWh)
H H Hot Water W W Cooling C C Ventilation V V Lighting L L Appliances
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Per energy carrier (oil, natural gas, electricity, wood, district heating, )
Aggregation (weighting)
Breakdown in delivered, renewable and exported energy
transmission properties, air infiltration, solar properties of windows, energy performance of system components and efficiency of lighting. The standards on boundary conditions comprise external climatic conditions, indoor environment conditions (thermal and visual comfort, indoor air quality,
etc.), standard operating assumptions (occupation) and national legal restrictions. Although not part of the core activities of the JWG, the l owest segments will require attention from the JWG to ensure overall consistency.
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Main Focus
The work of the committee recognizes that architectural engineering the design of building systems can no longer be undertaken separately from the overall design of buildings. The system of standards under development is intended to integrate across engineering sub-disciplines and to vertically integrate architectural engineering with the entire building design process. In addition to lowering trade barriers for engineering design, ISO/TC 205 seeks to promote and facilitate the design of buildings that improve performance as economic assets for their owners, in providing an amenable indoor environment for their occupants, and with respect to resource utilization and environmental impact. Examples include: Several parts of ISO 16484, Building automation and control systems Some standards on building environment design (see box, page 23). concerning energy efficiency and calculation methods, as well as energy performance of systems and whole buildings, to ensure maximum consistency and efficiency. The joint venture is very timely in view of the new work items on energy efficiency and energy performance recently defined or proposed within each technical committee. and reproducible procedures. In addition, the procedures should allow handling national differences in climate data, building traditions, occupant behaviour and choices imposed by national building regulations. Another challenge is to establish efficient links to related areas, such as monitoring and inspection of energy performance and commissioning of systems, design of energy efficient buildings, validation of energy calculation methods, environmental impact of buildings and energy management. The new JWG of ISO/TC 163 and ISO/TC 205 will make the best use of the work already done in ISO, the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)4), and at national levels. It will focus even better on how best to respond to the expectations of the building sector, and what innovations and priorities we should adopt to develop effective energy efficient standards. It will disseminate and promote, through the development and use of International Standards, and as a matter of urgency, good practices and relevant technologies. A coherent set of International Standards on the energy performance of buildings is within our reach.
4) www.iee-cense.eu
A coherent set of International Standards on the energy performance of buildings is within our reach.
In addition, the JWG will prepare proposals for the development of an ISO vision on energy performance of buildings for discussion in relevant technical and higher-level ISO committees.
A holistic approach
Formed earlier this year, the joint working group (JWG) of ISO/TC163 and ISO/TC205 joins the expertise of both committees in this much needed collective effort. The JWGs goal is to master all standards and new or existing work items from both committees
Joining forces for a common cause

The work ahead for the JWG will be challenging. A prime application is to check compliance with (national) minimum overall energy performance requirements, and to classify buildings in terms of energy quality and potential for improvement. This requires transparent and verifiable, unambiguous, robust
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Lithium-ion (LI) battery from the Mercedes-Benz S400 Hybrid.

( Daimler Communication Department)
On the road to emission-free mobility

by Dietrich Sahm, Chair of ISO/TC 22/SC 21, Electrically propelled road vehicles
During the 1990s, fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) technology began improving thanks to research and development efforts in Europe, Japan and the USA. An important role has also been played by government regulations, perhaps most prominently by the California Air Resources Board calling for the introduction of zero emission vehicles (ZEVs). Many Asian, American and European carmakers are developing cars and trucks with electric drive train components and traction battery systems to help reduce fuel consumption. Meeting mandated fleet fuel economy targets is a strong development force. The growing market for electric vehicles (EVs), HEVs and FCEVs will help reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The keys to a successful market penetration of EVs and HEVs is extending lifetimes, improving reliability and lowering the costs of the vehicle traction battery system.
Energy savings
The energy savings potential of EVs and HEVs is largely dependent on the size and power of the battery system. In recent years, five characteristic types of passenger cars with electric power train components have emerged in show halls and, to a limited extent, on the market: Micro hybrids: Electric drive train components employ automatic stop/ start to reduce engine idling and assist comfort functions. Improved standard 12V electric components such as alternator, battery and starter often provide this functionality. Fuel efficiency gains are in the range of 5% to 10% Mild hybrids : Mild hybrids have stop/ start functionality to avoid engine idling, as well as electric power assist for acceleration and some regenerative braking capability. The battery system has about 1 to 2 kWh capacity and delivers 15 to 20 kilowatt power at maximum. Mild
he history of electric and hybrid electric road vehicles dates back to the beginning of the 20th century. As early as 1905, Lohner Porsche in Germany developed a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) powered by an internal combustion engine, lead-acid batteries and in-wheel electric motors. With a range of between 30 km and 100 km on electricity, the Lohner Porsche vehicle found few buyers due to poor battery lifetimes and other characteristics. But beginning in about 1995, research and development of traction battery systems with nickel-metalhydride and lithium-ion technology has made substantial progress. Reductions in battery weight and volume, as well as improvements in efficiency and lifetimes, have provided a strong stimulus for development of electric drive trains and hybrid vehicles.
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Main Focus
ISO/TC 22/SC 21 cooperates internally with ISO/TC 22/SC 3, Electrical and electronic equipment , ISO/ TC 22/SC 25, Vehicles using gaseous fuels , ISO/TC 22/SC 22, Motorcycles, ISO/TC 22/SC 23, Mopeds, and ISO/TC 197, Hydrogen technologies . Since 1969, SC 21 has cooperated closely with IEC/TC 69, Electric road vehicles and electric industrial tractors. IEC/TC 69 deals with all aspects of electric vehicles when they are connected to the grid for recharging. SC 21 cooperates with the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC/TC 105, Fuel cell technologies for FCEV standards .
The Mercedes-Benz S400 Hybrid uses a battery-powered electric motor to assist its gasoline engine.
Infrastructure for EVs and plug-in HEVs ISO revs up electrically propelled road vehicles
ISO technical committee ISO/ TC 22, Road vehicle s, subcommittee SC 21, Electrically propelled road vehicles, was founded in 1969, following the economic crisis of 1967-68. More than 10 participating member countries currently participate in the EV standards work. All major original equipment manufacturer (OEM) carmakers contribute through their national standards mirror organizations. SC 21 is responsible for the standards work on all vehicle types of EVs, HEVs and FCEVs. The main topics dealt with by SC 21 are: Vehicle operation Vehicle safety Safety of persons against electrical and other hazards specific to electric propulsion On-board electric energy storage for propulsion Traction battery system test procedures Vehicle energy performance test procedures Vehicle performance test procedures. Successful introduction of battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids depends on the availability of the electric infrastructure, particularly charging stations at home and recharging stations in public areas. Several car manufacturers are trying to design EVs with more than 160 km range per charge to minimize recharging at public recharge stations. Field tests with customers in cities are ongoing to evaluate the acceptance levels of different EVs and their handling for charging and billing.
hybrids typically achieve fuel efficiency gains of 10 % to 20 % Full hybrids : In addition to the functions provided by mild hybrids, full hybrids have enough power for some electric driving in a certain speed range and more regenerative braking capability. Battery systems range up to 15 kilowatt/hour and provide power levels up to 80 kilowatt. Fuel efficiency improvements are in a range of 20 % to 40 % Plug-in hybrids : Plug-in hybrids can be charged from the grid with home overnight charge or from public charge stations. They typically have a driveable range on electricity from 20 km to 60 km. A second possible mode is the charge depletion mode, in which the electric drive train assists the internal combustion engine. When the battery is depleted to a certain level, the car is running in charge sustaining mode and functions as a full hybrid. Fuel efficiency improvements also range from 20% to 40% depending on the system layout Electric vehicles: Electric vehicles are solely powered by an electric drive train. Electric power comes from a vehicle battery system or a vehicle fuel cell system. Carbon emission reductions can be maximized by improving the energy mix in the supporting infrastructures (grid, hydrogen).
About the author

Dr. Dietrich Sahm has been Chair of ISO/ TC 22/SC 21, Electrically propelled road vehicles, since 1994. He has worked with Daimler AG in Sindelfingen, Germany, since 1980 in several engineering and management functions. Dr. Sahm has many years of experience in all fields of electric powered vehicle research and development and energy management systems for internal combustion engine drive trains. He holds a doctorate in power electronics from the University of Stuttgart.
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Standards developed by ISO/TC 22/SC 21

ISO 8713, Electric road vehicles Vocabulary ISO 8714, Electric road vehicles Reference energy consumption and range Test procedures for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles ISO 8715, Electric road vehicles Road operating characteristics ISO 6469-1, Electric road vehicles Safety specifications Part 1: On-board electrical energy storage ISO 6469-2, Electric road vehicles Safety specifications Part 2: Vehicle operational safety means and protection against failures ISO 6469-3, Electric road vehicles Safety specifications Part 3: Protection of persons against electric hazards ISO 23273-1, Fuel cell road vehicles Safety specifications Part 1: Vehicle functional safety ISO 23273-2, Fuel cell road vehicles Safety specifications Part 2: Protection against hydrogen hazards for vehicles fuelled with compressed hydrogen ISO 23273-3, Fuel cell road vehicles Safety specifications Part 3: Protection of persons against electric shock ISO 23828, Fuel cell hybrid electric road vehicles Energy consumption measurement Part 1: Using compressed hydrogen ISO 23274-1, Hybrid electric road vehicles Exhaust emissions and fuel consumption measurements Part 1: Non externally chargeable vehicles ISO 23274-2, Hybrid electric road vehicles Exhaust emissions and fuel consumption measurements Part 2: Externally chargeable vehicles ISO 12405-1, Electric road vehicles Test specifications for Lithium-Ion traction battery systems Part 1: High power applications ISO 12405-2, Electric road vehicles Test specifications for Lithium-Ion traction battery systems Part 2: High energy applications ISO/TR 11954, Electric road vehicles Fuel cell road vehicles Maximum speed measurement procedure ISO/TR 11955, Electric road vehicles Externally chargeable hybrid electric road vehicles Guideline for charge balance measurement
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cedure and the load profile optimisation for grid and electric energy suppliers. Connector system and communication protocols must ensure electrical safety, secure data transfer, easy handling and protection against vandalism. ISO/TC 22 and IEC/TC 69 have begun this work in joint working groups. Partners from involved industry sectors are contributing with expertise and delegates with the aim of having accepted standards in the shortest possible time.
Smart Fortwo Electric Drive emits zero pollution. ( Daimler Communication Department)
The new hybrid version of the Mercedes-Benz Sprinter has become even more environmentallyfriendly with its BlueEFFICIENCY feature.
Reductions in battery weight and volume have provided a strong stimulus for development of electric drive trains and hybrid vehicles.
An important future issue is the standardization of the charging interface to ensure safe and simple connections to the electric power grid. This includes the connector system hardware (plug and socket) and the communication between vehicle and grid to manage the vehicle battery charging process, as well as the billing proISO Focus September 2009
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Main Focus
Proving win-win right South Africas quest for energy efficiency

by Dr. Stephen Lennon, Managing Director (Corporate Services), Eskom
nvesting in fossil fuel assets is like investing in sub-prime housing loans it compromises the entire global asset base, stated the Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki Moon at the recent Copenhagen Business Summit on Climate Change. At the same meeting, former US Vice-President Al Gore, said We are running out of time, because Mother Nature does not do bailouts. Both leaders were stating quite clearly that the magnitude of the impact of climate change on the global society would have repercussions far more difficult to deal with than the current global financial crisis, and that all countries have to play a role in addressing the threat of global warming. The challenges of climate change coupled with a rapidly growing global population and dwindling natural resources make it clear that new approaches to economic development are required. This means a fundamental shift in social value systems and consumer choices, often interpreted as calling for sacrifices in support of higher social needs. But this is not necessarily the case, as illustrated by progress toward improved energy efficiency in South Africa.
Table Mountain, near Cape Town, South Africa. ( South African Bureau of Standards SABS).
new coal-fired power stations and considering another coal-to-liquids plant. How do we reconcile these actions with a clearly stated intention to address climate change? South Africa has stated its willingness to play its part in the global push toward reduced carbon emissions. Policymakers agree that this must be achieved without compromising national objectives of poverty alleviation, economic growth and social improvement. In 2008, the South African cabinet approved a blueprint for this undertaking, entitled the Long-Term Mitigation Strategy. Key elements include: Research, development, demonstration and investment in low-emission energy options such as nuclear, and renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and biomass Investments in existing clean coal technology such as supercritical coal plant (as are currently under construction as part of a capital expansion programme underway by Eskom, South Africas public utility electricity provider)
The use of financial mechanisms such as the carbon market, the Clean Development Mechanism, the Clean Technology Fund and carbon taxes to incentivise low emitting practices Efficient transport Waste management practices Land use management Energy efficiency. Energy efficiency has been a priority in South Africa for many years, with environmental values driving a variety of national policies. Capacity constraints in the power sector have added impetus to this drive in recent years, leading to implementation of a national energy efficiency strategy. This long-term target set by the South African government is an energy efficiency improvement of 12% by 2015. The key elements of the strategy are described below.
The long-term mitigation strategy

South Africa currently generates 88% of its electric power from coal, and all of the countrys liquid fuels are derived from coal or imported oil. While carbon emissions are relatively low in a global context, emissions per capita and per unit of economic output are high. In addition, we are building
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Fiscal incentives
A demand-side management programme, administered by Eskom since 2003, involves grants for implementation of energy efficiency and load management measures in industrial and commercial sites, as well as centrally controlled water heating load management systems operated by municipalities. In 2008, the South African government announced attractive fiscal incentives to encourage investment in energy efficiency upgrades for businesses. These incentives are set to increase substantially through a proposed mechanism whereby businesses will receive tax relief for actual energy saved at a rate equivalent to the cost of renewable energy production.
Energy efficiency has been a priority in South Africa for many years, with environmental values driving a variety of national policies.
About the author
Dr. Stephen Lennon is the Managing Director (Corporate Services) at Eskom. He is also non executive Director of Eskom Enterprises (Pty) Ltd and Director of Electric Power Research institute, California, USA. Dr. Lennon is Chairman of the National Advisory Council for Innovation and a member of Science, Engineering and Technology for Women (SET4W), both of which are advisory bodies to the Minister of Science and Technology. He is a member of the Executive Committee of the Coal Industry Advisory Board of the International Energy Agency (IEA) which advises the IEA on global policy relating to coal. He is also Chairman of Board of Trustees of the Fossil Fuel Foundation, and Chairman of the Council of the Da Vinci Institute for Technology Management.
Eskom Holdings Limited
The Eskom 3.6MW wind facility at Klipheuwel near Cape Town commissioned as a demonstration plant in 2002.
Waste reduction through improved consumer awareness

A comprehensive programme to stimulate awareness and c alls to action will be implemented by the government. The first wave of the associated media campaign likens wasteful consumers to energy addicts in need of rehabilitation.
The prestigious annual Eta Awards recognize and reward contributions to energy efficiency excellence by consumers, contractors, students and the media.
Legislation and regulations

Inefficient technologies, including electro-magnetic lighting ballasts, incandescent lighting and electrical water heating, are prevalent in South Africa. Legislation will be introduced to ensure that these are phased out over time in favour of energy-efficient alternatives. Minimum energy efficiency performance standards for electric motors, compact fluorescent lamps and buildings have been developed and will be implemented in the near future. Solar water heating presents a substantial opportunity for energy efficiency improvement as well as job creation but manufacturing and installation capacity is currently lacking. A government objective of one million solar water heaters to be installed within five years is considered ambitious but achievable. It is likely that solar water heating will be made compulsory in newly constructed homes within the next ten years.
The first wave of the associated media campaign likens wasteful consumers to energy addicts in need of rehabilitation.
An appliance labelling scheme to advise consumers on appropriate purchasing decisions has been mooted for several years and is finally set to be introduced. The scheme will begin with the labelling of refrigerators. A power alert messaging service on television informs consumers of the pressure on the electricity grid on a daily basis, and requests appropriate reduction in consumption to prevent capacity shortfalls.
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Main Focus
Distributing energy-efficient lamps to households
Energy-efficient lamp adoption is considered a q uick hit . Over the past four years, a free lamp exchange programme has led to installation of 36 million energy-efficient lamps in lowto middle-income households.
Close coupled thermosiphon and flat plate solar water heating systems on the Eskom rebate programme.
Eskom Holdings Limited
A separate strategy has been developed to ensure that the trace amounts of mercury present in fluorescent tubes do not end up in the general household waste stream.
Meeting new challenges

It must be emphasized that this is not necessarily a trivial task. To date, the South African case has required a great deal of innovation and co-ordination of policies, regulation, technology and implementation partners. There are still numerous opportunities to further improve the efficiency of our economy. Current activities include continued roll-out of the national energy efficiency strategy through effective policies, standards and regulations.
Overseeing energy efficiency programmes

A national business initiative has been established to oversee progress in energy efficiency upgrades of 40 signatories to a Voluntary Energy Accord. Research and innovation in energy-efficient practices and technologies will be co-ordinated by the South African National Energy Research Institute. A National Energy Efficiency Agency has been established to oversee government energy efficiency campaigns, including the verification of energy savings achievements for tax rebate purposes.
1475 MW of capacity and USD 5.06 billion saved

Eskoms role in this strategy is a useful case study in implementation. In the early days of the roll-out, mistakes were made in the identification of opportunities using a bottom-up approach. Once a more strategic top-down pro-
grammatic approach was adopted, coupled with good institutional support and a well-defined project pipeline, positive results were achieved. Since Eskom started this programme, a total of 1475 megawatts of capacity has been saved. This has been achieved through a variety of programmes addressing motors and pumps, lighting systems, air conditioning systems, water heating systems, fuel switching, public awareness and intelligent building automation. At current capital costs, this has saved South Africa almost ZAR 40 billion (USD 5.06 billion) in avoided costs. The cumulative energy saved is in excess of 7 million MWh. This equates to reduced carbon emissions of seven million tonnes. All this has been achieved at a cost of the order of R1000 (USD 126) per kW at most 10% of the cost of a supplyside option. It is clear that a reduction in resource use is not necessarily equated with self sacrifice the South African case illustrates that a win-win solution is achievable in many cases.
The South African case illustrates that a win-win solution is achievable.

We should not underestimate the role standards can play. Energy efficiency-related standards enable optimized architecture, design, manufacturing and operating practices, whilst playing an important role in informing consumer behaviour. Current efforts to develop standards aimed at addressing the challenges of climate change should be encouraged and expedited where possible.
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Renewable energies to feed global appetite for electricity

by Jonathan Buck, Director, Marketing and Communications, IEC Central Office
staggering 1.6 billion people have no access to electricity, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA). And it is the job of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) to develop the necessary electrotechnical and related standards that can help provide electricity that is safe, efficient, and with a minimal impact on the environment. But to get electricity to those people, and to feed the rest of the worlds increasing appetite for electrical energy, we will see a massive increase in the demand for electrical energy. Total energy consumption will double from now until 2050, and total electricity consumption will dou-
ble from now until 2030. This means that the world will have to invest more in electricity in the next 20 years than it has in the entire time since the first real use of electricity. Additionally, of course, we are faced with the alarming potential effects of dramatic climate change resulting from global warming, provoked by increasing greenhouse gas emissions. In recent years, the IEC and ISO have redoubled their respective efforts to facilitate increased energy efficiency through improved or new International Standards in relevant technologies. But renewable energies will also play an important part in the energy mix
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Main Focus
to help meet the energy and climate change challenges. According to the IEA World Energy Outlook 2008, modern renewable technologies will grow most rapidly in the years ahead, overtaking gas to become the second-largest source of electricity behind coal, soon after 2010. It is against this backdrop that the IEC is working to set the International Standards that can serve this market sector. IECs mission is to provide technical performance and safety standards in this field, as well as certification schemes when needed, thereby supplying an essential tool for establishing a quality level to protect customers everywhere.
The world will have to invest more in electricity in the next 20 years than it has in the entire time since the first real use of electricity.
IEC technical committee IEC/ TC 88, Wind turbines, prepares standards that deal with safety, measurement techniques and test procedures for wind turbine generator systems. It has produced standards for design requirements, acoustic noise measurement techniques, measurement of mechanical loads, and communications for monitoring and control of wind power plants. Its current work programme includes both standards and design requirements for offshore wind turbines, for gearboxes and for wind farm power performance testing. The technology has seen increases in wind turbine sizes and ratings, particularly for offshore installations.
Other continuing trends are variablespeed operation and the use of directdrive generators.
A river runs through it

Some of the worlds biggest hydroelectric power plants, in terms of both total installed capacity and annual average power generation volume, produce millions of kilowatts and billions of kilowatt hours. At the other end of the scale are small, micro- and picohydro stations. For the IEC, s mall means up to 15 megawatts. Micro-hydro schemes can be as large as 500 kilowatt and are generally run-of-the-river developments for villages. Pico-hydro systems have a capacity of 50 watt to 5 kilowatt and are generally used for individuals or clusters of households. IEC technical committee IEC/TC 4, Hydraulic turbines , set up in 1911, prepares standards and technical reports for designing, manufacturing, commissioning, testing and operating hydraulic
Is the answer blowing in the wind ?

Wind has been the fastest growing renewable electricity source worldwide, with an average annual growth rate of 24% over the period 1990-2005, according to the IEA.
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machines. These include turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines of all types as well as related equipment such as speed governors and performance evaluation and testing. The focus of IEC/TC 4s work has been and continues to be on hydroelectricity generated from river power. The two main forces driving much of IEC/TC 4s work are, on one hand, new large-scale hydroelectric river projects in Asia, the Russian Federation and South America and, on the other, refurbishment and up-rating of existing plants in North America and Europe. As a result, the work programme focuses on turbine runners and pump impellers, acceptance tests of hydro turbines, con-
Ocean energy devices work with tides or with waves, although ocean currents are another potential source of power. These devices are either floating or fixed and, to generate electrical energy, they tend either to oscillate or to rotate. Standards produced by IEC/TC 114 aim to address subjects including system definition, performance measurement, survivability, safety requirements, power quality, manufacturing and factory testing, and evaluation and mitigation of environmental impact.
IEC/TC 114 has liaisons with IEC/TC 4 on hydraulic turbines and IEC/TC 88 on wind turbines, as well as with the IEA Ocean Energy Systems Implementing Agreement.
A shining example
trol systems testing, and evaluating both cavitation pitting and discharge measurement methods, as well as hydraulic turbine efficiency, vibration, stability, upgrading and rehabilitation. Particle erosion is a potential future topic for IEC/TC 4. The market for photovoltaic (PV) power applications is expanding rapidly in developed and developing countries alike. Cumulative installed generating capacity in selected countries grew by 36% in 2006, according to the IEA. Total PV cell production in 2006 was reported to be about 1900 megawatts, an increase of 27% from 2005. Global demand for PV exceeds USD 5 billion annually. As its uses have multiplied and the industry has grown, PV has proved to be one of the most reliable sources of electricity. Indeed, PV modules now come with long-term warranties. But these promises of durability and reliability raise questions about the quality of PV components, systems, installations and after-sales maintenance among customers. IEC/TC 82, Solar photovoltaic energy systems , prepares International Standards for all elements of those systems everything from the light inputs
About the author

Jonathan Buck joined the IECs Central Office in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1997. He has over 20 years of experience with international organizations, including the Airports Council International and the World Economic Forum. As IECs Director of Marketing and Communications, he is responsible for increasing the Organizations profile among industry and government leaders. His other responsibilities include the IEC regional centres in So Paulo and Singapore, and the IEC Affiliate Country Programme for developing countries.
Marine energy
In 2007, in response to calls from the market, including the IEA, the IEC created technical committee IEC/ TC 114, Marine energy Wave, tidal and other water current converters, to begin preparing standards for this emerging field of technology. IEC/TC 114 is responsible for marine energy which includes wave, tidal and other water sources able to convert current energy into electrical energy, with the exception of tidal barrage and dam installations which are covered by IEC/TC 4.
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Main Focus
to a PV cell to the interface with the systems to which the electrical energy is supplied. Comprised of leading industrial and governmental experts from 40 countries, IEC/TC 82 has prepared International Standards for terms and symbols, PV module testing, design qualification and type approval of crystalline silicon and thin-film modules and characteristic parameters of stand-alone systems, among other elements. ance with the IECs International Standards for PVs. Industry and governments use the voluntary globally-recognized certification to help assure quality and improve safety. The IECEE PV Certificate grants a PV Quality Mark to PV components that have been designed, manufactured and tested according to IEC International Standards, and a P V Quality Seal which covers the conformity of the PV systems as a whole. With the support of the World Bank, the IECEE is the exclusive issuer of the PV GAP Mark and the PV GAP Seal. Together with the IECEE International PV Certificate and Test Report, the Mark is the worldwide reference for manufacturers and suppliers of monocrystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic modules and PV components used in PV systems to show compliance with safety and performance standards.
Meeting the needs

Much of renewable energy is an emerging field of research, technology and manufacturing a new innovative industry on the rise. Standardization helps these technologies to become marketable by providing a foundation for certification systems, promoting international trade of uniform high quality products and supporting transfer of expertise from traditional energy systems. Renewable energy does offer great promise to developed and developing nations. By helping developing countries to make use of the latest technology in their electrification strategies, IEC standards and conformity assessment systems can help countries fasttrack their development. IEC standards can also help to plug renewable energies into existing and new electricity grids, an aspect particularly important when electrifying remote rural villages, for example. In the build-up to the post-Kyoto protocol, which will be finalized at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, Denmark, in December 2009, the IEC is working with its partners, ISO and International Telecommunication Union (ITU), and other international organizations, like the IEA. Our common goal is to ensure governments around the world are fully aware of all relevant International Standards and conformity assessment, and their related benefits. Together, we will be able to meet the challenges of increasing electrical energy production, while minimizing greenhouse gas emissions.
Note: There is an additional area of activity, technical committee IEC/TC 105, Fuel cell technologies. Although not truly renewable energy, since fuel cells require a fuel supply of either hydrogen or a hydrocarbon to function, they are often considered as such.
IEC and ISO have redoubled their respective efforts to facilitate increased energy efficiency through improved or new International Standards.
IEC/TC 82s current work includes: System commissioning, maintenance and disposal Characterization and measurement of such new-thin film photovoltaic module technologies as cadmium telluride (CdTe), and Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2), commonly known as CIS, etc. New technology storage systems Applications with special site conditions, such as tropical zones, northern latitudes and marine areas Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification, including PV systems. In addition, IEC/TC 82 is addressing the safety of grid-connected systems on buildings and utility-connected inverters, as well as the protection of people and the environment from such things as radiofrequency and electromagnetic pollution and the toxic materials that need to be disposed of during PV manufacturing processes. The IEC Worldwide System for Conformity Testing and Certification of Electrotechnical Equipment and Components (IECEE) provides testing and certification to show proof of compli-
Electricity is a basic need from urban megapolises to rural communities such as this one in Cachoeiras, Salvador, Brazil. P. Krieger.
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Mr. Tanaka outlined that t hose roadmaps are an essential step but not self-implementing: we need to create a global platform on low-carbon energy technology that would bring together all countries and the private sector a cooperation we consider essential for ensuring full and global roadmap implementation.
ISO tools for building a renewable energy future

by Daniele Gerundino, Strategic Advisor to the ISO SecretaryGeneral, and Trevor Vyze, ISO Technical Group Manager
s part of their response to the financial crisis, governments have announced short-term economic stimulus packages that, according to the International Energy Agencys (IEA) calculations, include USD 100 billion directed at energy efficiency and lowcarbon energy technologies.
IEA Executive Director, Nobuo Tanaka, noted during the G-8 meeting held in LAquila, Italy, July 2009, that this is a step in the right direction. But much more needs to be done: investment in energy efficiency and clean technologies would need to increase four-fold if we want to keep the rise in global average temperature under two degrees Celsius. This means an additional USD 400 billion every year over the next 20 years Calling for enhanced technology development and research to mitigate climate change, the G-8 leaders applauded the IEA initiative to develop roadmaps for the most important new energy technologies (including solar, wind, electric/hybrid vehicles, carbon capture and storage, nuclear power and the cement industry). Combined with energy efficiency measures, they have the potential to provide almost 90% of the reductions needed to halve global energy-related CO2 emissions by 2050.
International Standards are a substantial component of a global platform for low-carbon energy technology.
As jointly stated in the ISO/IEA position paper submitted to the G-8 2008 meeting, International Standards are a substantial component of this global platform: a powerful tool for disseminating new technologies and good practices, developing global markets and supporting the harmonization of government policies on energy efficiency and renewable sources on a global scale. A large part of the effort undertaken by ISO and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in this respect, addresses energy efficiency measures impacting all segments of final energy use (buildings, electrical and electronic appliances, industrial processes, transport). Important developments are also taking place in support of low-carbon energy technologies, and an outline of the current ISO contribution in this domain is highlighted below.
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Efficient heater Solar
The technical committee ISO/TC 180, Solar energy, has so far published 16 standards dealing with solar thermal energy systems (or solar heating and cooling, also known as SHC). According to the 2009 IEA Solar Heat Worldwide report, the total installed capacity of SHC systems operating in 2007 was about 150 gigawatts (GW) worldwide making it a significant renewable source contributor to the global energy mix (about 15 times larger than solar photovoltaic). In Asia and Europe, most systems are used to heat water and to provide space heating of single and multi-family houses and hotels, or even for district heating and industrial applications of large-scale plants. Europes systems are mostly based on glazed flat panel collectors, whilst evacuated tube collectors are the dominant technology in Asia. In Australia and North America, the main use of solar thermal is for heating swimming pools and air heating applications, provided by unglazed plastic collectors. The International Standards developed by ISO/TC 180 accommodate these diversified technologies and market needs, by providing terminology, classifications, performance rating and test methods applicable to all. The solar energy market is evolving, creating new challenges that need to be addressed by ISO. A high priority area identified by the ISO Strategy Advisory Group on Energy (SAG E), concerns the development of new International Standards to better support the integration of solar devices in buildings and their maintenance. The IEA report Energy technology perspectives 2008 underlines the importance of standards testing procedures to cover new technologies such as evacuated tubes and combi-systems (i.e. combining water and space heating). Finally, the development of largescale systems supporting solar-assisted district heating schemes and industrial applications (in the range of 100 kilowatts or more), possibly through concentrated solar heating (CSH) technology, will require new sets of standards to cover testing procedures and associated reference materials. turbines), through a joint working group, ISO/IEC JWG, Wind turbines. The groups first standard ISO/IEC 81400-4, Wind turbine generator systems Part 4: Gearboxes for turbines from 40kW to 2MW and larger was published in 2005 and is now widely used by industry. The JWG is currently working on a revised version of the standard, to meet the demand of larger systems. Further developments are expected to fulfil the needs of a fast growing industry.
A promising energy source Geothermal

As far as geothermal is concerned, we can distinguish between two very different branches:
Reliable and low maintenance Wind

According to the IEA, the total installed capacity of wind power in 2007 was about 100 GW. With its 25% combined growth rate over the past 10 years, wind power is one of the fastest growing renewable energy sources. It has experienced rapid development of technologies and wind turbines of increasing capacity from tenths of kilowatts (kW) to five megawatts (MW), which may soon be further expanded to 10 MW and more. As noted by William Bradley III,1) Vice President of the American Gear Manufacturing Association and previous secretary of ISO/TC 60, Gears, T he wind turbine industry is one, if not the most, demanding application for mechanical-electrical systems. It requires relatively compact high power density gear drives and electric generators for transmitting fluctuating loads in a very demanding environment of high vibration and extreme temperatures. In this context, the need for high reliability of equipment and low maintenance service over the 20-year lifetime of wind turbines called for the development of an International Standard for wind turbine gearboxes. Given the need to cover strictly related mechanical and electrical requirements, standardization in this field is addressed in partnership by ISO (ISO/TC 60, Gears ) and IEC (IEC/TC 88, Wind
Power generation from high-temperature geothermal sources (through geothermal power plants) Use of low temperature heat from sources such as soil, water for heating and cooling (through heat pumps). Geothermal power plants had reached a total installed capacity of 10 GW in 2007 (according to the IEA). Given their ability to provide very reliable base-load capacity at any time, together with significant new technology developments, geothermal power plants are considered a promising energy source for the future.
Electric heat pumps can reduce primary energy consumption for heating by as much as 50%.
The development of geothermal power encompasses a variety of activities similar to those of the oil and gas industry (exploration, well-drilling, plant construction, etc.). While no ISO committee is specifically covering geothermal power energy issues, the matter is currently under discussion at the ISO SAG E and new developments in this field may be recommended.
1) ISO Focus November 2007, special edition WEC 2007.
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Electric heat pumps use normally between 20% and 50% of the electricity used by electric heaters and, compared to fossil fuel fired boilers, can reduce primary energy consumption for heating by as much as 50% . Heat pumps are significantly more expensive than boilers or electric heaters, although their running costs are much lower. So far, single family houses have been the primary market for heat pumps, but technological developments may soon make their application more attractive for large buildings.
Bioenergy has the highest technical potential of all renewable sources.

ISO technical committee ISO/ TC 86/SC 6, Factory-made air-cooled air-conditioning and air-to-air heat pump units, covers international standardization in this field. There are currently two main ISO standards widely used by the industry, addressing testing and performance rating for water and air source heat pumps, indoor and outdoor equipment. According to the IEA, bioenergy is the largest renewable energy contributor accounting for about 10% of the current global primary energy consumption and has the highest technical potential of all renewable sources. Bioenergy is used for: Cooking and space heating in households (primarily from developing countries), which currently accounts for about two-thirds of the demand Transport (through biofuels bioethanol and biodiesel) Power generation (through different combustion technologies and particularly in the context of combined heat and power generation plants). Developments addressing the first type of use (cooking and heating) concern primarily energy efficiency, where
Highest technical potential Bioenergy

Bioenergy refers to renewable energy derived from biomass i.e. organic materials grown, collected or harvested for energy use (to generate electricity or heat). The conversion products derived from biomass are known as biofuels (liquid and solid) and biogas.
the most important and urgent measure is the dissemination of more efficient and safer stoves. However, increased availability of small scale biogas systems and biomass based liquid fuels would also help to improve the efficiency of global small scale use of biomass. The other uses of biomass (transport and power generation) have a huge potential, although significant challenges must be addressed, such as sustainability, including assessment of biofuels energy yield, use and displacement of land, competition with food supply, and evaluation of carbon footprint considering the whole supply chain. In response to these developments and trends, ISO has taken a number of initiatives. Notably, the establishment of ISO/TC 238, Solid biofuels, to deal with a variety of aspects such as terminology, fuels specification and classification and test methods. In addition, there are now advanced discussions about the establishment of a new project committee dealing with standardization in the field of sustainability criteria for production, supply chain and application of bioenergy. And new ISO work in the field of biogas is also expected to be proposed shortly. Finally, the ISO SAG E is investigating standardization needs in the combined heat and power field, and new ISO developments may be recommended.
Responding and anticipating

We should recall that ISOs primary focus in the energy field today is on energy efficiency, because it represents by far the most relevant, shorter time frame and lower investment line of action able to curb global energy demand and reduce carbon emissions. However, as outlined in this article, ISO is also increasingly working on standards for renewable energy sources, with a view to responding and possibly to anticipating market and societal needs in this field.
About the authors

Daniele Gerundino is the Strategic Advisor to the ISO SecretaryGeneral. Trevor Vyze is Technical Group Manager at ISO.
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How to help consumers change the world

by Allan Asher, Chair, Consumer and Public Interest Network, BSI
round the world, governments and intergovernmental bodies are implementing measures to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The bulk of these are directed at GHG emitters such as power generators, major energy-using manufacturing processes, and more recently, transport. Consumers, who account for up to 40% of carbon emissions in many economies have not been the subject of adequate attention either as targets for energy savings programmes or as contributors to national and international policies to abate climate change. This article spells out the concerns of consumers and identifies some priority areas for standards action from the consumer perspective.
COPOLCOs findings
Aiming to identify consumer concerns and develop an action agenda, the ISO Committee on consumer policy (ISO/COPOLCO), set up an energy sustainability task group. A work plan for the task group was developed based on the results of the COPOLCO workshop Standards for a sustainable world: how can consumers influence a sustainable energy future? held in Seoul, Republic of Korea in 2008. Following the workshop, the ISO Technical Management Board agreed to add a consumer representative to the ISO Strategic Advisory Group on Energy (SAG E), which in turn requested from COPOLCO suggestions and priorities for future ISO standards promoting a more efficient use of energy. The priority areas identified by COPOLCO are outlined below and include: carbon footprint analysis,
Consumers account for up to 40 % of carbon emissions in many economies.

alternative energy sources, building standards, biofuels and smarter energy meters.
Making the right choice about carbon footprints

Consumers can exert market pressure for more sustainable goods and services through their buying behaviour. But for this, accurate, timely and relevant information on which to base purchasing decisions is necessary. At present, however, there are no generally recognized means of measuring carbon impacts. National and international efforts are needed to develop consistent ways of measuring the lifecycle carbon footprints of goods and services. There are already a number of national standards focusing on this issue, but multi-
ple standards create considerable risk of materially different approaches, with different levels of rigour. The lack of harmonization makes cross-market and cross-border comparisons meaningless and damages the effectiveness of any instruments. ISO is therefore developing a set of standards for measuring the carbon footprints of products, looking at both quantification and communication (see article on page 16). In addition, there are many national schemes for measuring and labelling in operation. These schemes include appliance labelling, emissions and labelling for automobiles, and even energy rating schemes for new and rental properties. Consumers are now seeking better coordination and linkages between these schemes, and ISO is already working on environmental labelling. Specific issues that need to be addressed by national and international standards include energy-using appliances, standby power consumption measures, effective labels, lifetime costs of appliances and measures for return and recycling.
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A further standards development possibility could look at international methods for assessment and disclosure of auto emissions. There are currently dozens of incompatible and inconsistent national standards, and even where they exist, assessment and compliance are often very poor. Energy consuming domestic appliances are the fastest-growing users of power. Efficiency ratings and consumer advice on selection and operation could be subjects for standardization.
Alternative energy starts at home

In many countries there are either formal or informal targets for the generation of heat and power from low carbon source fuels. The European Commission has set a mandatory target for 20% of the communitys energy to be produced from renewable sources by 2020. As the target includes all energy sources, this means around 40% to 60% of electricity will need to be produced from renewable sources. At the consumer level, there is a range of products available to replace
fossil burning fuels. There are domestically available wind power devices, solar energy panels for water heating and photo voltaic ones for direct power production. Fuel cell and biofuel applications are growing, as are microgeneration devices such as those based on stirling engines. While there are a number of certification schemes, this sector lacks any consistent or authoritative standards upon which certification or conformity assessment might be based. In addition to the need for standards for energy performance, domestic appliances relying on renewable energy also need to be assessed for safety, performance, durability and ease of operation.
warranty and guarantee rights on new cars, to relatively low levels of biofuels mixed with petrol or diesel. In addition to the consumer protection dimension, there is considerable controversy about the sustainability of source materials such as palm oil, ethanol and food crops used as feedstock. There are a number of current national and international standardization initiatives, but there is a serious lag in the availability of recognized international specifications and current needs. Also absent is systematic consumer input on quality performance and sustainability aspects of biofuels. Special emphasis should be placed on accurate meaningful labels and test methods.
Clean resilient buildings

Around the world, governments prescribe standards for buildings. Increasingly, these standards include thermal efficiency and measures for sustainability. To date however, there has been a greater emphasis on the cost of construction rather than the entire life cost of a building. Widely differing climatic conditions, forms of household use, and availability of different building materials, can render the development of international specifications for thermal properties of buildings, a project with marginal utility. However, there is considerable scope for guidance standards on minimum requirements and management methodologies, together with specifications for disclosure. ISO has already developed a wide portfolio on buildings standards (e.g. by committees such as ISO/TC 59, Building construction, ISO/TC 205, Building environment design, ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy) but there is still opportunity for more consumer oriented developments.
Smarter energy meters

To build consumer conscience and increase their demand for energy reductions, it is crucial they have immediate feedback on the amount of energy they are using together with information on costs and options for load shifting. Many countries are installing, or thinking about installing, new forms of energy meters which have potential for remote reading and two-way communications. There is considerable debate about their cost effectiveness and the potential for encouraging consumers to use energy more efficiently, either through shifting or lower levels of consumption. As international experience grows, there is scope for further study of costs and benefits, as well as formats for consumer display and assessment of effectiveness.
About the author

Allan Asher is Chair of the Consumer and Public Interest Network at the British Standards Institution (BSI), the ISO member for the United Kingdom (UK). He is a member of the Strategic Policy and Standards Committee of BSI, and Board member of the Consumer Unit and Trust Society. Mr. Asher is co-Chair of the International Network of Civil Society Organizations on Competition. Mr. Asher was formerly Chief Executive of energywatch, and Global Campaigns Director for Consumers International. Prior to his move to the UK, Mr. Asher was Deputy Chair of the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Mr. Asher is a barrister and a solicitor of the Australian High Court.
Will for change

Consumers care deeply about climate change and are ready and willing to act. The tools must be available to enable consumer response. The COPOLCO energy sustainability task group will be advancing an agenda for consumer action based on the development and improvement of a range of standards for aspects of energy efficiency. The hope is to enable consumers to be part of the solution for reducing GHG emissions.
Sustainable biofuels
Australia, Europe, and the USA are three jurisdictions mandating a proportion of biofuels in the transport fuel mix. Rising targets mean considerable growth in the sector, but also greater risk for consumers as most car makers limit
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Developments and Initiatives

OECD research reveals trade benefits of SDoC
by Barbara Fliess, Senior Economist, OECD, Raymond Schonfeld, independent consultant on trade and standardization, and Frdric Gonzales, Statistician, OECD
here is compelling evidence that the transition to SDoC .... has facilitated trade.
This key sentence from a newly published research report from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) provides powerful support to those in the standards and conformity assessment community who have spent years developing the tools to make a suppliers declaration of conformity (SDoC) work. The message based on detailed statistical analysis of trade data is that SDoC can bring calculable benefits.
The research was prompted by the desire of governments in the worlds major economies to evaluate the practical impact of a clause in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Agreement of the World Trade Organization, which aims to minimise the burden that conformity assessment requirements may impose on exporters. Governments wanted to know whether SDoC the simplest regulatory approach to conformity assessment really works. While some thought that the answer was already obvious of course eliminating mandatory third-party certification must make exporting easier
not all shared that view (see box, SDoC and third-party certification). Some quoted evidence that, if regulators remove mandatory certification, the market simply steps in and replaces it by requiring it as a condition of purchase, leading to multiple conformity assessment requirements, and making the life of exporters more complicated rather than less the practice of retail food buyers proves that this can happen. Others claimed that regulators cannot safely abandon third-party control anyway. The argument here is
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SDoC and third-party certification

A suppliers declaration of conformity (SDoC) is a self-declared claim by a supplier organization that its product, service or process conforms to a relevant standard, regulation or other specification. It costs less and saves time compared to third-party (independent) assessment and certification (see below). At the same time, it commits the supplier organization to its declaration that its product, service or process does meet the relevant specification and it should be prepared and able to demonstrate that this is in fact the case. SDoC is most effective when used with a well established market surveillance system. It should also take into consideration the risk to health, safety and the environment should the product, service or process not meet requirements. SDoC does not exempt the supplier from its responsibility to meet relevant regulations, such as ones related to health, safety and the environment. The above explanation was added by ISO Central Secretariat. Third-party certification of conformity is performed by a specialized body that is independent from, and not a client of, the supplier organization that provides the product, service or process.
the impact of other trade-influencing trends independent of regulation? It was here that the OECD was able to apply its experience of statistical analysis. Mathematical modelling, using around a quarter of a million data observations, was able to isolate the impact of the introduction of SDoC (see box on Methodology). The purest case examined was in the sector of telecommunications terminal equipment such as telephone handsets and fax machines. Here, a change to SDoC was made in the European Union in 1999, without any other significant, simultaneous change to technical regulation. The analysis showed a remarkable increase in exports up to 26 % which could be attributed to SDoC, with developing country exports as the major beneficiaries. Other cases, though less pure in that sense, provided supporting evidence: in machinery, and in simple medical equipment such as surgical gloves and bandages. But what about those who argue that the trade impact simply does not matter, because it is just not safe to abandon third-party controls? The OECD research did not attempt to argue against this public interest defence of third-party certification, but was able to point to evidence of developments which can overcome public concern.
that the absence of third-party controls leads to more unsafe products, and it has been in the foreground in discussion of the global toy safety scares in 2007-2008. The OECD research fills in some of the gaps in that debate. It took three specific cases where SDoC had been introduced in the 1990s and analysed trade flows over 10 years five years before and five years after the change. The task was not as easy as that may sound. What if other changes had been made in the same period such as the adoption of harmonized international product standards? What about
About the authors

Barbara Fliess is a Senior Economist/ Policy Analyst with the OECDs Trade and Agriculture Directorate. Raymond Schonfeld is an independent consultant on trade issues related to standardization and advised the OECD on the SDoC research report. Frdric Gonzales is a Statistician with the OECD.
The authors also wrote the OECD research report on which this article is based: OECD Trade Policy Working Paper No. 78, Technical Barriers to Trade: Evaluating the Trade Effects of Suppliers Declaration of Conformity. The full text of the report can be downloaded from: www.oecd.org/dataoecd/57/3/41481368.pdf
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Methodology
The main statistical tool was regression analysis based on the gravity model, which tests possible determinants of changes in trade flows and identifies those which are statistically most significant. While many of the determinants are standard, such as distance and national income, the model can be adjusted to identify the effects of other factors, including technical regulations. It has become the workhorse of empirical trade impact analysis. The regression equation here added variables specific to SDoC and to the cases studied. In each sector, the impact of SDoC was isolated by comparing SDoC-eligible products against those for which mandatory certification was retained. Trade flows of four developed and 12 developing countries were examined. Trade statistics and technical regulations use different product classifications. The challenge was to reconcile the two by using fine product breakdowns. Because trade flow statistics at this level of detail include many zero values, a two-stage Heckman estimation procedure was applied, which isolates trade flows that are truly zero from those that could become positive if trade barriers were removed. Standard econometric tests ensured that the estimate of the trade impact of the introduction of SDoC was robust.
The voluntary accreditation processes of the International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC) and International Accreditation Forum (IAF) were featured as examples. Evidently, their procedures make full use of the conformity assessment standards developed by the ISO Committee on conformity assessment, ISO/CASCO, and published by ISO and its partner, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). These include the two-part SDoC standard, ISO/IEC 17050:2004, Conformity assessment Suppliers declaration of conformity. The OECD report acknowledges the consensus that effective use of SDoC depends on the existence of competent market surveillance and dissuasive product liability law, and cited evidence that conformity assessment providers, far from disappearing in face of SDoC, adapt and become more efficient. And in the sectors studied, no evidence emerged that the introduction of SDoC had led to lower standards of consumer protection. What impact will the OECD report have? That is not for this article to assess, but the report has been well received, and regulators in the World Trade Organization have taken note. OECD member governments were sufficiently enthusiastic to commission a follow-up study on whether it might be possible to measure the impact of using harmonized product standards in technical regulation. Surprisingly, despite all the work which demonstrates the general economic benefits of International Standards, that specific aspect has received little research attention. Preliminary results indicate that it may be feasible to study it, but that data collection would be complex.
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Caribbean region to adopt ISO tsunami signage

by Bernardo Aliaga, Technical Secretary, Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Tsunami and Other Coastal Hazards Warning System for the Caribbean and Adjacent Region, UNESCO
extremely vulnerable to high-casualty tsunamis, at least for those risk-prone areas that are not covered by an end-toend tsunami warning system.
Early warning systems

Early warning systems are essential components of any preparedness effort aimed at reducing the risk, or mitigating the impact of natural hazards. The December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami triggered an enormous effort to build early warning systems in the Indian Ocean basin.
aribbean countries have agreed to consider adopting the graphical symbols included in the ISO 20712 series on water safety and beach flag signs, to harmonize tsunami signage in the region. The decision was taken at the fourth session of the Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Tsunami and Other Coastal Hazards Warning System for the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions (ICG/CARIBE EWS-IV), in June 2009 at Fort de France, Martinique, France. ISO 20712 provides specifications and guidance on safety signs for aquatic hazards. These include internationally agreed signage for a tsunami hazard zone, evacuation areas and evacuation buildings.
Caribbean tsunamis
Since 1498 there have been at least 94 tsunamis with run-ups reported in the Caribbean region causing 4652 casualties. Most of these tsunamis were associated with submarine earthquakes, but the Caribbean Sea region has all of the potential tsunami-generating sources, including submarine earthquakes, sub-aerial or submarine landslides, and volcano activity. Tsunami flood modelling has been performed for all of Puerto Rico and several localities in French Antilles, Bridgetown in Barbados and several localities in northern Venezuela. In addition to the 40 million people living in the region, 22 million tourists visited the Caribbean in 2007 and 2008 a growing trend, which makes the region
Caribbean countries have agreed to consider adopting the graphical symbols included in the ISO 20712 series on water safety and beach flag signs.
Early warning systems are highly complex structures requiring scientific expertise in risk assessment, hazard identification and interpretation, telecommunications, dissemination and communication tools and mechanisms, and efficient coordination and management skills. Modern early warning systems
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The ISO signage consists of three signs: Tsunami Hazard Zone (left) To warn of a hazard from tsunami waves; Tsunami Evacuation Area (middle) To indicate the location of a safe place/ uphill area for evacuation to, in the event of a tsunami; Tsunami Evacuation Building (right) To indicate the location of a safe building for evacuation in the event of a tsunami.
ISO consumer directory goes online

by Dana Kissinger-Matray, Secretary, ISO/COPOLCO
embrace the end-to-end concept, which implies concatenated technical and social machinery for rapid response from the top level to the last mile. The global impact of the Indian Ocean tsunami tragedy triggered the development of early warning systems in other basins that also have tsunami hazards. In the Caribbean, Mediterranean and North East Atlantic, similar systems have started to develop and are on track to deliver warnings as from 2010-2012. Again, millions of dollars are involved in these initiatives.
The initial focus on wide basin alert systems, mostly developed in the Pacific Ocean after the 1960 Southern Chilean earthquake and tsunami, has moved towards development of capabilities to detect and warn of more frequent tsunamis that can have a regional and/or local effect, instead of less frequent wide-basin ones.
SO has just launched a publicly available, online directory of consumer participation in standards setting. The aims of the directory are to:
Tsunami signage as part of preparedness

By improving knowledge and preparedness before a tsunami, fatalities and property damage can be reduced. Concerned communities need to be aware and prepared for tsunami hazards that are infrequent and not linked to seasons or daytime patterns. Science is providing precise tools to determine potentially floodable areas. A participatory approach to territorial planning process may help define tsunami risk areas. Inundation maps defined either by using historical and/ or modelling studies provide the basic layer where emergency managers can designate evacuation areas, routes and safe zones or shelters. At this point, harmonized tsunami signage can be an integral part of a communitys effort to build and sustain preparedness against tsunamis, by reminding both locals and tourists of the dangers of tsunamis, and by providing the basic information to get to safer areas in case of a tsunami attack.
Build a reliable base of information about the extent and type of consumer participation in standardization Enhance networking on consumer issues by enabling information exchange on national and regional standards projects, publications and other related items of interest. T he ISO Directory of consumer interest participation underpins one of our ongoing objectives: to promote the involvement of stakeholders in ISOs activity, says Rob Steele, ISO Secretary-General. Thanks to this useful resource, we now have available a transparent and objective overview of consumer participation in standardization. With multiple applications, the directory will provide users with concrete examples of the importance of involving stakeholders effectively in standardization. This is true for both the market relevance of the standards and the benefits to the end-user. The directory provides countryspecific data, including a contact for consumer matters. It contains information on consumer participation in policy and governance committees, as well as in the ISO members national technical committees, mirror committees and other types of consultation.
Harmonized signage can be an integral part of a communitys effort to build and sustain preparedness against tsunamis.
About the author
Bernardo Aliaga has been with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) since July 2001. He is presently the Technical Secretary for the Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Tsunami and Other Coastal Hazards Warning System for the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions.
46
New on the shelf

The directory also displays information on consumer participation in ISO, the International Electrotechnical Commission and regional technical committees linked to the high priority areas identified by the ISO Committee on consumer policy (ISO/COPOLCO). Furthermore, the directory shows the different means, financial or in kind, that the ISO members use to facilitate consumer interest involvement. It also lists publicly available resources for consumer stakeholders (such as e-learning tools or Websites) provided by the ISO members. An added feature is a separate, interactive query page on ISO Online, which allows searches of the ISO work programme for published standards and standards under development, in the priority areas of consumer interest, as identified by ISO/COPOLCO. The innovative directory provides a helpful, real-time repository of information for consumer representatives, standards organizations, governments and researchers, as well as interested members of the public. The directory is a special initiative of the ISO Council, supported by ISO/COPOLCO, and was compiled through a survey distributed to ISO members (starting in 2008). T h e d i r e c t o r y i s ava i l a b l e in the Consumers section of ISO Online, or directly at www.iso.org/ isoconsumerdirectory. For more information, contact copolco@iso.org.
eNewsletter on conformity assessment

by Roger Frost, Communication Manager, ISO Central Secretariat
New ISO standard for fire safety design of built environments will help save lives and cut costs
by Sandrine Tranchard, Communication Officer, ISO Central Secretariat
SO launched a new electronic newsletter on conformity assessment the name given to the processes used to demonstrate that a product or service, a management system or an organization meets specified requirements, such as those of an ISO International Standard.
About the author

Dana KissingerMatray is Secretary of the ISO Committee on consumer policy (COPOLCO).
Purchasers, users, customers and consumers, as well as regulators, can have more confidence in products, services, systems and organizations when they conform to ISO standards but the conformity assessment processes and the people and organizations that carry them out must also be worthy of confidence. So, in addition to standards for products, services and so on, ISO also develops standards for conformity assessment through ISO/CASCO, Committee on conformity assessment. The newly launched ISO/CASCO eNewsletter initially scheduled for publication three times a year will provide regular updates on standards, developments and activities related to conformity assessment. Subscribing to the newsletter is free of charge and can be done quickly and easily on ISOs Website at this page.
new ISO standard for fire safety engineering should help to save lives, reduce costs due to fire damage and bring substantial economic savings through improved fire safety design. ISO 23932:2009, Fire safety engineering General principles, provides general principles for a performance-based methodology for engineers to assess the level of fire safety for new or existing built environments. Fire safety is evaluated through an approach based on risk assessment and on knowledge of the behaviour of fire and of people and the consequences of such behaviour on human safety, property and the environment. The standard provides an overview of how fire safety engineering analyses and assessments are conducted, with links to more specific standards, including those already published or under development. The basic principles in this International Standard are covering any phenomena associated with fire (including fire growth, hot gases and movement of effluents, structural and compartmentation behaviour) to reach any related fire-safety objectives including: Safety of life Conservation of property Continuity of operations
47
New on the shelf

Protection of the environment Preservation of heritage. Furthermore, these basic principles can be applied to all configurations of the built environment building, transportation systems and industrial installations. The document is primarily targeted at fire safety scientists and engineers who participate in, are affected by, or need to understand better the context of the standards developed by ISO technical committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, subcommittee SC 4, Fire safety engineering. It is also very valuable for practicing fire engineers. Jol Kruppa, Chair of ISO/TC 92/SC 4, comments : O ur goal is to provide fire safety engineering documents for supporting performancebased design to: Develop engineering design and evaluation methods for verifying appropriate fire safety objectives are achieved Contribute to sustainable development with a more appropriate approach than prescriptive regulation Standardize necessary verification and validation of calculation models, or other assessment methods Elaborate guidance documents for best engineering practice. SC 4 supplements the wide scope of ISO/TC 92 and reflects the growing importance of the professional discipline of fire safety engineering, which is applicable to most situations where a fire may occur. Its work concerns safety, health and environmental issues. ISO 23932:2009, Fire safety engineering General principles, was developed by ISO/TC 92/SC 4, Fire safety engineering, and is available from ISO national member institutes. It may also be obtained directly from the ISO Central Secretariat through the ISO Store ( www.iso.org/isostore )or by contacting the Marketing & Communication department (sales@iso.org).
Safer scuba diving with two new ISO standards

by Sandrine Tranchard, Communication Officer, ISO Central Secretariat
wo new ISO standards that will make scuba diving training programmes safer for both newcomers to the sport as well as more experienced divers have been recently published. The standards are aimed, respectively, at introductory scuba experience training programmes to non-divers and advanced programmes that deliver enriched air nitrox (EAN) diver certification. The passion for outdoor activities and the motivation to discover the most preserved natural environment possible make scuba diving an increasing leisure activity worldwide. International Standards ISO 11121:2009, Recreational diving services Requirements for introductory training programmes to scuba diving, and ISO 11107:2009, Recreational diving services Requirements for training programmes on enriched air nitrox (EAN) diving, answer the needs of this expanding market where competent training is essential. The recently published ISO 11121:2009, specifies minimum programme content requirements for introductory scuba experiences of recreational scuba diving. These requirements are used to introduce a non-diver to recreational scuba diving by means of a super-
vised, controlled dive experience, and to encourage participants to seek further training. An introductory diving programme does not result in certification, but is intended to provide an experience of the sport. Participants are taught only what is required of them to experience scuba diving under direct supervision. ISO 11121:2009 applies to programmes that include participants being taken into an open water environment. Such programmes should ensure that would-be divers can to participate safely in an introductory open water dive. An annex in the standard gives an example of an information sheet for medical screening. For more advanced divers, ISO 11107:2009, Recreational diving services Requirements for training programmes on enriched air nitrox (EAN) diving, specifies the level of competence required of a scuba diver in order to be awarded an enriched air nitrox (EAN) diver certification by a training organization. These two International Standards also specify the conditions under which training is to be provided, supplementing the general requirements for recreational diving services specified in ISO 24803:2007, Recreational diving services Requirements for recreational scuba diving service providers. Eduardo Moreno Cerezo, Chair of ISO technical committee ISO TC/228, Tourism and related services, which developed the standards, says : By implementing the requirements of these ISO standards on recreational scuba diving, training organizations and divers will be able continue practising scuba diving in safe conditions and thus enjoy their sport with the minimum of risk. ISO 11121:2009, Recreational diving services Requirements for introductory training programmes to scuba diving, and ISO 11107:2009, Recreational diving services Requirements for introductory training programmes to scuba diving, are available from ISO national member institutes. They may also be obtained directly from the ISO Central Secretariat through the ISO Store (www.iso.org/isostore)or by contacting the Marketing & Communication department (sales@iso.org).
48
Coming up
Safe online voting
Ensuring the security of online voting is paramount for governments. In Switzerland, the state of Geneva is therefore taking advantage of the ISO/IEC 27000 family of standards on security techniques for information technology to design a reliable Internet voting system. Swiss citizens vote four to five times a year, sometimes more. The convenience and ease of use of online voting are thus crucial features for them. However, eVoting may present some serious challenges in terms of security and privacy. Michel Chevallier, the Deputy Secretary-General to the Geneva State Chancellery, explains how they are addressing these risks: For our eVoting system, the approach to security and risk management is specifically based on the ISO/IEC 27000 family of standards on information security management systems.
Main Focus
Pierre Granier
Road safety
Nearly two million people die every year on the worlds roads. Road accidents have overtaken malaria as the leading cause of preventable deaths in developing countries. In five years time, traffic accidents will be the biggest single cause of premature deaths of children aged five to 14. The October 2009 issue of ISO Focus looks at how ISO is helping to address this problem. The issue also provides an overview of key initiatives in the field through a series of articles authored by leading organizations such as the World Bank, the World Health Organization, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and many others, who in preparation for the upcoming Ministerial Conference on road safety in November 2009, tell us how ISO standards can support their goals. All these organizations are, together with ISO, partners of the UN Global Road Safety Collaboration.
The next ISO Focus also explores the potential impact of the future ISO 39001 on road management systems. Mark Rosenberg, Director of the Global Road Safety Forum, tells us in an exclusive interview, T he lack of [road] management capacity is probably the single most important missing ingredient for road safety in lowand middle-income countries. ISO 39001 can help countries develop the management capacity they need. Dr. Rosenberg explains ISO standards can help bring attention to the problem as a solvable problem, with solutions that can work in developing as well as developed nations. Standards and the results that they have helped to achieve in countries like Sweden show that they can be incredibly effective. Finally, the issue also focuses on some of the many ISO standards that are already making a difference. For instance, by ensuring the safety and quality of vehicles through requirements for side impact dummies, head impact tests, or tyre safety. Among ISOs extensive contribution on vehicle and driving standards are also standards for driving licenses and vehicle warning and control systems.
Mr. Chevallier also describes how the state of Geneva is implementing the different standards of the ISO/IEC 27000 series to tackle the various challenges of an eVoting system, and adds : We have identified and assessed compliance of the system with legal requirements, particularly regarding data protection and laws or regulations on political rights. The Geneva eVoting project has been selected as Good Practice by the European Union within the framework of the eEurope 2010 initiative. It had been previously awarded the European eGovernment Awards consortium Good Practice label in 2007. The initiative was also considered a finalist of the 2007 United Nations Public Service Awards. Learn more about this award winning initiative in our next issue of ISO Focus.
49
Tackling climate change through standards
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14 October 2009
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ISO F ocus

The Magazine of the International Organization for Standardization

World Standards Day

Mapping the road to COP15

Comment Carole LeGall and Yang Zeshi, Co-Chairs of SAG-E,

World Scene ISO Scene

ISO Focus is published 11 times

42 Developments and Initiatives 47 New on the shelf 49 Coming up

ISSN 1729-8709 Printed in Switzerland

Carole LeGall and Yang Zeshi Co-Chairs of SAG-E

ISO Focus September 2009

The potential of industrial energy efficiency

Linking trade and climate change

OECDSecretary-General Angel Gurra.

Green growth as the way out of the crisis

Trade and Climate Change

Photo courtesy of UNIDO

ISO Focus September 2009

Statistics for success

ISO Focus September 2009

UNFCCC headquarters, Bonn, Germany.

Photo by Jan Golinksi, UNFCCC

Photo by Jan Golinksi, UNFCCC

Bangkok Climate Change Talks, March/April 2008.

ISO Focus September 2009

Bonn Climate Change Talks, June 2009.

The artist : Dawn Oman

ISO Focus September 2009

World Standards Day Message 14 October 2009

Tackling climate change through standards

Mr. Jacques Rgis, IEC President

Dr. Alan Morrison, ISO President

Dr. Hamadoun Tour, ITU Secretary-General

ISO, the environment and climate change

2. Quantifying GHG emissions and communicating on environmental impacts Quantifying

1. Monitoring climate change

ISO Focus September 2009

3. Promoting good practice in environmental management and design

Carbon performance made simple

Canadas GHG steps

ISO Focus September 2009

Two introductory courses providing solid basic training in carbon measurement

An advanced course offering GHG project management training for consultants,

A Greenhouse gas validation and verification using ISO 14064 course

Spreading the word

About the author

ISO Focus September 2009

ISO Focus September 2009

The beginning of a new era

ISO Focus September 2009

Carbon footprint standard moves forward

ISO Focus September 2009

On the same page

About the author

Data acquisition made simple

Future ISO 50001 for energy management systems

ISO Focus September 2009

Why a new standard ?

Merging of innovative thinking

About the author

Common terminology for energy efficiency

Global transverse issues

The future shines bright