MODULE 8

Option A. reduces. Option B. increases. Option C. remains the same. Correct Answer is. increases. Explanation. As air gets colder it gets denser. Lift increases (remember the lift equation has density and the engines produce more thrust ! so it can climb higher.

"uestion #umber. $. %hat is sea le&el pressure'. Option A. ()(*.+ mb. Option B. ()(+.* mb. Option C. ()+*.* mb. Correct Answer is. ()(+.* mb. Explanation. Learn the ,-A sea le&el quantities. in all units. "uestion #umber. /. 0ow does ,A- at the point of stall &ary with height'. Option A. ,t decreases. Option B. ,t is practically constant. Option C. ,t increases. Correct Answer is. ,t is practically constant. Explanation. 1he stalling ,A- at altitude is practically the same as it is at sea le&el. 1hat2s because ,A- is not corrected for density. "uestion #umber. 3. %hat is the lapse rate with regard to temperature'. Option A. 45C per ())) ft. Option B. (.3/5C per ())) ft. Option C. (.3/56 per ())) ft. Correct Answer is. (.3/5C per ())) ft. Explanation. 1he lapse rate is approximately *5C per ())) feet (in the troposphere . "uestion #umber. (). -tandard sea le&el temperature is. Option A. *) degrees Celsius. Option B. ) degrees Celsius. Option C. (7 degrees Celsius. Correct Answer is. (7 degrees Celsius. Explanation. (7 degrees C is standard sea le&el temperature8. "uestion #umber. ((. As altitude increases. pressure. Option A. decreases exponentially. Option B. decreases at constant rate. Option C. increases exponentially. Correct Answer is. decreases exponentially. Explanation. As altitude increases. pressure decreases exponentially. -ince pressure is gi&en by density 9 gra&ity 9 height. both density and height decreases (that is. height abo&e the point you measuring so the decrease in pressure is exponential. "uestion #umber. (*. Lapse rate usually refers to. Option A. :ensity. Option B. ;ressure. Option C. 1emperature. Correct Answer is. 1emperature. Explanation. 1emperature lapse rate is constant up to +<)))ft !*degrees per ()))ft. "uestion #umber. (+. 1emperature abo&e +<.))) feet will. Option A. increase exponentially. Option B. decrease exponentially. Option C. remain constant. Correct Answer is. remain constant. Explanation. 1emperature lapse rate up to +<.))) feet (the tropopause is approximately * degrees centigrade per ())) feet. Abo&e the tropopause it is constant.

"uestion #umber. (4. %ith increasing altitude pressure decreases and. Option A. temperature decreases at the same rate as pressure reduces. Option B. temperature decreases but at a lower rate than pressure reduces. Option C. temperature remains constant to /))) ft. Correct Answer is. temperature decreases but at a lower rate than pressure reduces. Explanation. -ee a graph of pressure against altitude and temperature against altitude. ;ressure decreases faster than temperature therefore pressure has a greater effect upon the performance of the aircraft. "uestion #umber. (7. %hat is the temperature in comparison to ,-A conditions at +).)))ft'. Option A. !<)5C. Option B. )5C. Option C. !475C. Correct Answer is. !475C. Explanation. ,-A = (75C temperature lapse rate is *5C per ()))ft. 1herefore +)))) = ! <) > (7 = 47. "uestion #umber. (<. At what altitude is the tropopause'. Option A. +<.))) ft. Option B. 7$.))) ft. Option C. <+.))) ft. Correct Answer is. +<.))) ft. Explanation. 1he tropopause is +<.))) ft. Abo&e the tropopause is the stratosphere. "uestion #umber. ($. %hat approximate percentage of oxygen is in the atmosphere'. Option A. (*?. Option B. *(?. Option C. $/?. Correct Answer is. *(?. Explanation. *(? oxygen. $/? nitrogen. (? other gases. "uestion #umber. (/. %hich has the greater density'. Option A. Air at low altitude. Option B. Air at high altitude. Option C. ,t remains constant. Correct Answer is. Air at low altitude. Explanation. Air density reduces with altitude. "uestion #umber. (3. At what altitude does stratosphere commence approximately'. Option A. -ea le&el. Option B. +<.))) ft. Option C. <+.))) ft. Correct Answer is. +<.))) ft. Explanation. 1he stratosphere is abo&e +<.))) ft. "uestion #umber. *). A pressure of one atmosphere is equal to. Option A. (4.$ psi. Option B. ( inch 0g. Option C. ()) millibar. Correct Answer is. (4.$ psi. Explanation. One atmosphere is (4.$ psi.

"uestion #umber. *(. 1he millibar is a unit of. Option A. atmospheric temperature. Option B. pressure altitude. Option C. barometric pressure. Correct Answer is. barometric pressure. Explanation. Barometric pressure is measured in millibar. "uestion #umber. **. %ith an increase in altitude under ,.-.A. conditions the temperature in the troposphere. Option A. remains constant. Option B. decreases. Option C. increases. Correct Answer is. decreases. Explanation. 1emperature reduces at a lapse rate of (.3/ degrees celsius per thousand feet from sea le&el to about +<)))ft (the tropopause . "uestion #umber. *+. A barometer indicates. Option A. pressure. Option B. density. Option C. temperature. Correct Answer is. pressure. Explanation. A barometer indicates pressure. "uestion #umber. *4. 1he amount of water &apour capacity in the air (humidity holding capacity of the air is. Option A. greater on a colder day. and lower on a hotter day. Option B. doesn2t ha&e a significant difference. Option C. greater on a hotter day and lower on a colder day. Correct Answer is. greater on a hotter day and lower on a colder day. Explanation. 1he amount of water &apour capacity in the air is greater on a hotter day. "uestion #umber. *7. %hich condition is the actual amount of water &apour in a mixture of air and water'. Option A. @elati&e humidity. Option B. Absolute humidity. Option C. :ew point. Correct Answer is. Absolute humidity. Explanation. Absolute humidity is the 2actual2 amount of water in a mixture of air and water. "uestion #umber. *<. %hich will weigh the least'. Option A. 3/ parts of dry air and * parts of water &apour. Option B. 7) parts of dry air and 7) parts of water &apour. Option C. +7 parts of dry air and <7 parts of water &apour. Correct Answer is. +7 parts of dry air and <7 parts of water &apour. Explanation. %ater &apour is <*? the weight of dry air. "uestion #umber. *$. %hich is the ratio of the water &apour actually present in the atmosphere to the amount that would be present if the air were saturated at the pre&ailing temperature and pressure'. Option A. Absolute humidity. Option B. :ew point. Option C. @elati&e humidity. Correct Answer is. @elati&e humidity. Explanation. @elati&e humidity is the ratio of the water &apour actually present to the water &apour that the air would hold if it were saturated.

"uestion #umber. */. 1he speed of sound in the atmosphere. Option A. changes with a change in pressure. Option B. &aries according to the frequency of the sound. Option C. changes with a change in temperature. Correct Answer is. changes with a change in temperature. Explanation. -peed of sound is affected by air temperature only. "uestion #umber. *3. %hat is sea le&el pressure'. Option A. ()+*.* mb. Option B. ()(*.+ mb. Option C. ()(+.* mb. Correct Answer is. ()(+.* mb. Explanation. -ea le&el pressure is ()(+.* mb. "uestion #umber. +). %hich statement concerning heat andAor temperature is true'. Option A. 1emperature is a measure of the Binetic energy of the molecules of any substance. Option B. 1emperature is a measure of the potential energy of the molecules of any substance. Option C. 1here is an in&erse relationship between temperature and heat. Correct Answer is. 1emperature is a measure of the Binetic energy of the molecules of any substance. Explanation. 1emperature is a measure of the Binetic energy of the molecules of a substance. 0eat is a form of energy exchange. "uestion #umber. +(. %hat is absolute humidity'. Option A. 1he temperature to which humid air must be cooled at constant pressure to become saturated. Option B. 1he actual amount of the water &apour in a mixture of air and water. Option C. 1he ratio of the water &apour actually present in the atmosphere to the amount that would be present if the air were saturated at the pre&ailing temperature and pressure. Correct Answer is. C Explanation. Absolute 0umidity is the actual amount of water &apor in a liter of gas. "uestion #umber. +*. 1he temperature to which humid air must be cooled at constant pressure to become saturated is called. Option A. relati&e humidity. Option B. dew point. Option C. absolute humidity. Correct Answer is. dew point. Explanation. 1he temperature to which humid air must be cooled to become saturated is called the 2due point2. "uestion #umber. ++. :ensity changes with altitude at a rate. Option A. of *BgAm+ per ())) ft. Option B. which changes with altitude. Option C. which is constant until (( Bm. Correct Answer is. which changes with altitude. Explanation. 1he rate of change of density is not constant ! it diminishes with altitude. -o no single figure for lapse rate can be quoted.

"uestion #umber. +4. Abo&e <7./)) ft temperature. Option A. decreases by (.3/5C up to ((7.))) ft.

Option B. remains constant up to ((7.))) ft. Option C. increases by ).+)+5C up to ((7.))) ft. Correct Answer is. increases by ).+)+5C up to ((7.))) ft. Explanation. <7./))ft is the upper stratosphere boundary. 1emperature increases with altitude in the stratosphere. "uestion #umber. +7. At sea le&el. ,-A atmospheric pressure is. Option A. (4.$ B;a. Option B. () Bar. Option C. (4.$ ;-,. Correct Answer is. (4.$ ;-,. Explanation. An alternati&e to ()(+.*mb. "uestion #umber. +<. On a &ery hot day with ambient temperature higher than ,-A. the pressure altitude is *).))) ft. 0ow much will the density altitude be'. Option A. the same. Option B. greater than *).)))ft. Option C. less than *).)))ft. Correct Answer is. greater than *).)))ft. Explanation. C:ensity Altitude is pressure altitude corrected for temperature and humidity. Assuming constant humidity (we are told no different ,-A or abo&e temperature will further thin the air for a gi&en pressure altitude thus maBing the density altitude higher. #ote D At ,-A 1emp density and pressure altitude will be the same and for less than ,-A density altitude will be less! Eot all that88. "uestion #umber.+$. 1he atmospheric Fone where the temperature remains fairly constant is called the. Option A. -tratosphere. Option B. ,onosphere. Option C. 1roposphere. Correct Answer is. -tratosphere. Explanation. 1he stratosphere starts at +<.)))ft and rises to about <<.)))ft. "uestion #umber. +/. ,n the ,-A the height of the tropopause is. Option A. ((.))) feet. Option B. ((.))) metres. Option C. +<.))) metres. Correct Answer is. ((.))) metres. Explanation. ((.))) metres or +<.))) feet approximately. "uestion #umber. +3. ,n the ,-A the sea le&el pressure is taBen to be. Option A. (4 ;-,. Option B. ()(+.* mb. Option C. (.)(+ mb. Correct Answer is. ()(+.* mb. Explanation. ()(+.* millibars. "uestion #umber. 4). ,n the ,-A the temperature lapse rate with altitude is taBen to be D . Option A. dependent on pressure and density changes. Option B. linear. Option C. non linear. Correct Answer is. linear. "uestion #umber. 4(. ;ut in sequence from the ground up. Option A. tropopause. stratosphere. troposphere.

Option B. tropopause. troposphere. stratosphere. Option C. troposphere. tropopause. stratosphere. Correct Answer is. troposphere. tropopause. stratosphere. "uestion #umber. 4*. 1he ,nternational -tandard Atmosphere can be described as. Option A. the atmosphere at 47 degrees north latitude. Option B. the atmosphere at the equator with certain conditions. Option C. the atmosphere which can be used %orldwide to pro&ide comparable performance results. Correct Answer is. the atmosphere which can be used %orldwide to pro&ide comparable performance results. "uestion #umber. 4+. 1he temperature lapse rate below the tropopause is. Option A. (5C per ())) ft. Option B. *5C per ())) ft. Option C. +5C per ())) ft. Correct Answer is. *5C per ())) ft. Explanation. (.3/5C per ())) ft to be exact. "uestion #umber. 44. Abo&e the tropopause air pressure. Option A. decreases at a constant rate. Option B. decreases exponentially. Option C. increases exponentially. Correct Answer is. decreases exponentially. Explanation. Air pressure continues to decrease exponentially in the stratosphere. "uestion #umber. 47. %hich of the following is correct'. Option A. Absolute pressure > Atmospheric pressure = Eauge pressure. Option B. Absolute pressure = Eauge pressure > Atmospheric pressure. Option C. Atmospheric pressure = Absolute pressure > Eauge pressure. Correct Answer is. Absolute pressure = Eauge pressure > Atmospheric pressure. Explanation. Absolute pressure = Eauge pressure > Atmospheric pressure. "uestion #umber. 4<. As the altitude increases what happens of the ratio of #itrogen to Oxygen'. Option A. ,ncreases. Option B. :ecreases. Option C. -tays the same. Correct Answer is. -tays the same. "uestion #umber. 4$. %hat happens to the density of air as altitude is increased'. Option A. :ecreases. Option B. -tays the same. Option C. ,ncreases. Correct Answer is. :ecreases.

08.2. Aerodynamics .
"uestion #umber. (. An aircraft is tra&elling at a speed of $*) nautical miles per hour. 1o calculate speed in G;0 you. Option A. di&ide by )./+. Option B. multipy by )./+. Option C. multiply by (.(7. Correct Answer is. multiply by (.(7. Explanation. (nmph = (.(7mph (mph = )./+nmph. "uestion #umber. *. Lift on a delta wing aircraft. Option A. increases with an increased angle of incidence (angle of attacB . Option B. does not change with a change in angle of incidence (angle of attacB . Option C. decreases with an increase in angle of incidence (angle of attacB . Correct Answer is. increases with an increased angle of incidence (angle of attacB . O@ does not change with a change in angle of incidence (angle of. Explanation. 1his question is much easier than it looBs at first read. All wing types (straight. swept. delta etc. increase lift with an increase in angle of attacB (up to the stall angle . "uestion #umber. +. 1he Cof; is the point where. Option A. the lift can be said to act. Option B. the three axis of rotation meet. Option C. all the forces on an aircraft act. Correct Answer is. the lift can be said to act. "uestion #umber. 4. %hen an aircraft experiences induced drag. Option A. air flows under the wing span wise towards the root and on top of the wing span wise towards the tip. Option B. #either a or b since induced drag does not caused by span wise flow. Option C. air flows under the wing span wise towards the tip and on top of the wing span wise towards the root. Correct Answer is. air flows under the wing span wise towards the tip and on top of the wing span wise towards the root. O@ #either a or b since induced drag does not caused by. Explanation. 1he high pressure under the wing flows around the tip to the low pressure on top of the wing. 1he resulting &ortex is what causes induced drag. -ince air is &iscous it drags the air underneath the wing towards the tip. and pushes the air on top of the wing towards the root. "uestion #umber. 7. At stall. the wingtip stagnation point. Option A. doesnHt mo&e. Option B. mo&es toward the lower surface of the wing. Option C. mo&es toward the upper surface of the wing. Correct Answer is. mo&es toward the lower surface of the wing. Explanation. At stall the angle of attacB is high (all along the wing and the stagnation point mo&es towards the lower surface of the wing. "uestion #umber. <. 1he rigging angle of incidence of an ele&ator is. Option A. the angle between the bottom surface of the ele&ator and the longitudinal datum. Option B. the angle between the bottom surface of the ele&ator and the horiFontal in the rigging position. Option C. the angle between the mean chord line and the horiFontal in the rigging position. Correct Answer is. the angle between the mean chord line and the horiFontal in the rigging position. Explanation. 1he angle of incidence of any surface is measured from the mean chord line. "uestion #umber. $. %hich of the following is true'.

Option A. Lift acts at right angles to the relati&e airflow and weight acts &ertically down. Option B. Lift acts at right angles to the wing chord line and weight acts &ertically down. Option C. Lift acts at right angles to the relati&e air flow and weight acts at right angles to the aircraft centre line. Correct Answer is. Lift acts at right angles to the relati&e airflow and weight acts &ertically down. Explanation. Lift acts at right angles to the relati&e airflow and weight acts &ertically down. "uestion #umber. /. 1he &ertical fin of a single engined aircraft is. Option A. parallel with the longitudinal axis but not the &ertical axis. Option B. parallel with both the longitudinal axis and &ertical axis. Option C. parallel with the &ertical axis but not the longitudinal axis. Correct Answer is. parallel with both the longitudinal axis and &ertical axis. O@ parallel with the &ertical axis but not the longitudinal axis. Explanation. -ingle engined aircraft fin is offset to left to counter torque...i.e. chord of fin is at an angle to longitudinal axis. "uestion #umber. 3. C%hat happens to air flowing at the speed of sound when it enters a con&erging duct'.C Option A. Ielocity increases. pressure and density decreases. Option B. Ielocity. pressure and density increase. Option C. Ielocity decreases. pressure and density increase. Correct Answer is. Ielocity decreases. pressure and density increase. Explanation. -ubsonic air in incompressible. so density does not change. But this is sonic speed. and e&erything (; and I change opposite to what they would if it were subsonic air. :ensity increases. as does pressure. and &elocity decreases. -ee Gechanics of 6light by AC Jermode. "uestion #umber. (). As the angle of attacB of an airfoil increases the centre of pressure. Option A. remains stationary. Option B. mo&es aft. Option C. mo&es forward. Correct Answer is. mo&es forward. Explanation. As the angle of attacB of the aerofoil increases. the centre of pressure mo&es forward. "uestion #umber. ((. Iapour trails from the wingtips of an aircraft in flight are caused by. Option A. low pressure abo&e the wing and high pressure below the wing causing &ortices. Option B. low pressure abo&e the wing and high pressure below the wing causing a temperature rise. Option C. high pressure abo&e the wing and low pressure below the wing causing &ortices. Correct Answer is. low pressure abo&e the wing and high pressure below the wing causing &ortices. Explanation. Iapour trails are caused by wing tip &ortices which are caused by low pressure abo&e the wing and high pressure below the wing. "uestion #umber. (*. 1he chord line of a wing is a line that runs from. Option A. the centre of the leading edge of the wing to the trailing edge. Option B. half way between the upper and lower surface of the wing. Option C. one wing tip to the other wing tip. Correct Answer is. the centre of the leading edge of the wing to the trailing edge. Explanation. 1he chord line is a -1@A,E01 line which goes from the leading edge of the wing to the trailing.

"uestion #umber. (+. 1he angle of incidence of a wing is an angle formed by lines. Option A. parallel to the chord line and longitudinal axis.

Option B. parallel to the chord line and the &ertical axis. Option C. parallel to the chord line and the lateral axis. Correct Answer is. parallel to the chord line and longitudinal axis. Explanation. 1he angle of incidence is the angle between the chord line and the longitudinal axis. "uestion #umber. (4. 1he centre of pressure of an aerofoil is located. Option A. +) ! 4)? of the chord line forward of the leading edge. Option B. 7)? of the chord line bacB from the leading edge. Option C. +) ! 4)? of the chord line bacB from the leading edge. Correct Answer is. +) ! 4)? of the chord line bacB from the leading edge. Explanation. 1he centre of pressure is positioned roughly +) ! 4) ? of the chord line BACJ from the leading edge. "uestion #umber. (7. Compressibility effect is. Option A. drag associated with the form of an aircraft. Option B. the increase in total drag of an aerofoil in transonic flight due to the formation of shocB wa&es. Option C. drag associated with the friction of the air o&er the surface of the aircraft. Correct Answer is. the increase in total drag of an aerofoil in transonic flight due to the formation of shocB wa&es. Explanation. Compressibility effect is associated with an increase in drag during the transonic flight stage. "uestion #umber. (<. A high aspect ratio wing will gi&e. Option A. high profile and low induced drag. Option B. low profile and high induced drag. Option C. low profile and low induced drag. Correct Answer is. high profile and low induced drag. Explanation. A high aspect ratio has a lower induced drag (due to less wing tip effect and a higher frontal area therefore greater profile drag. "uestion #umber. ($. Aerofoil efficiency is defined by. Option A. lift o&er drag. Option B. lift o&er weight. Option C. drag o&er lift. Correct Answer is. lift o&er drag. Explanation. At plus 4degrees AOA the lift weight ratio is greatest. 1his is the optimum AOA therefore the wing is at its most efficient when lift is greatest and drag is at a minimum. "uestion #umber. (/. 1he relationship between induced drag and airspeed is. induced drag is. Option A. directly proportional to the square of the speed. Option B. directly proportional to speed. Option C. in&ersely proportional to the square of the speed. Correct Answer is. in&ersely proportional to the square of the speed. Explanation. ,nduced drag decreases proportionally with the square of the speed. "uestion #umber. (3. %hat is the definition of Angle of ,ncidence'. Option A. 1he angle the underside of the mainplane or tailplane maBes with the horiFontal. Option B. 1he angle the underside of the mainplane or tailplane maBes with the longitudinal datum line. Option C. 1he angle the chord of the mainplane or tailplane maBes with the horiFontal. Correct Answer is. 1he angle the chord of the mainplane or tailplane maBes with the horiFontal. Explanation. Angle of incidence is the 2wing setting angle2. 1hat is the angle of the chord of the mainplane or tailplane with the horiFontal ! or aircraft centre line when in the rigging position.

"uestion #umber. *). %hat is Boundary Layer'. Option A. -eparated layer of air forming a boundary at the leading edge. Option B. -luggish low energy air that sticBs to the wing surface and gradually gets faster until it Koins the free stream flow of air. Option C. 1urbulent air mo&ing from the leading edge to trailing edge. Correct Answer is. -luggish low energy air that sticBs to the wing surface and gradually gets faster until it Koins the free stream flow of air. Explanation. 1he boundary layer is the layer of air immediately in contact with the aircraft sBin which is slowed down by the sBin friction. "uestion #umber. *(. C%hat is the collecti&e term for the fin and rudder and other surfaces aft of the centre of gra&ity that helps directional stability'.C Option A. Empennage. Option B. 6uselage surfaces. Option C. Effecti&e Beel surface. Correct Answer is. Effecti&e Beel surface. Explanation. All the side surfaces aft of the centre of gra&ity which aid the directional stability are collecti&ely called the E66EC1,IE JEEL -L@6ACE. "uestion #umber. **. CA decrease in incidence toward the wing tip may be pro&ided to.C Option A. pre&ent ad&erse yaw in a turn. Option B. retain lateral control effecti&eness at high angles of attacB. Option C. pre&ent span wise flow in maneu&ers. Correct Answer is. retain lateral control effecti&eness at high angles of attacB. Explanation. A decrease in incidence towards the wingtip (Bnown as washout causes the wing root to stall before the wing tip. -o. e&en after the wing roots ha&e stalled. the wing tips are still flying and full aileron control is pro&ided. "uestion #umber. *+. 6or a gi&en aerofoil production lift. where; = pressure and I = &elocity. Option A. ;( is greater than ;*. and I( is less than I*. Option B. ;( is greater than ;*. and I( is greater than I*. Option C. ;( is less than ;* and I( is greater than I*. Correct Answer is. ;( is greater than ;*. and I( is less than I*. Explanation. Bernoulli2s principle applies. "uestion #umber. *4. Low wing loading. Option A. increases stalling speed. landing speed and landing run. Option B. increases lift. stalling speed and maneu&erability. Option C. decreases stalling speed. landing speed and landing run. Correct Answer is. decreases stalling speed. landing speed and landing run. Explanation. %ing loading is aircraft weight di&ided by wing area. therefore an aircraft with a low wing loading will require less landing speed. less landing run and ha&e a decreased stalling speed. "uestion #umber. *7. As a general rule. if the aerodynamic angle of incidence (angle of attacB of an aerofoil is slightly increased. the centre of pressure will. Option A. mo&e towards the tip. Option B. mo&e forward towards the leading edge. Option C. ne&er mo&e. Correct Answer is. mo&e forward towards the leading edge. Explanation. As the angle of attacB increases the centre of pressure mo&es towards the leading edge. "uestion #umber. *<. 1he 2wing setting angle2 is commonly Bnown as.

Option A. angle of dihedral. Option B. angle of incidence. Option C. angle of attacB. Correct Answer is. angle of incidence. Explanation. 1he wing setting angle is commonly Bnown as the 2angle of incidence2. "uestion #umber. *$. %hen does the angle of incidence change'. Option A. ,t ne&er changes. Option B. %hen the aircraft attitude changes. Option C. %hen the aircraft is ascending or descending. Correct Answer is. ,t ne&er changes. Explanation. 1he angle of incidence is the angle at which the wing is 2set2 into the fuselage. ,t ne&er changes. "uestion #umber. */. As the angle of attacB decreases. what happens to the centre of pressure'. Option A. ,t mo&es rearwards. Option B. Centre of pressure is not affected by angle of attacB decrease. Option C. ,t mo&es forward. Correct Answer is. ,t mo&es rearwards. Explanation. 1he centre of pressure mo&es 6O@%A@:- with an ,#C@EA-E in angle of attacB. 1herefore it mo&es @EA@%A@:- with a :EC@EA-E in angle of attacB. "uestion #umber *3. A decrease in pressure o&er the upper surface of a wing or aerofoil is responsible for. Option A. approximately *A+ (two thirds of the lift obtained. Option B. approximately (A* (one half of the lift obtained. Option C. approximately (A+ (one third of the lift obtained. Correct Answer is. approximately *A+ (two thirds of the lift obtained. Explanation. LooB at a diagram of the lift distributions on the top and bottom surfaces of a wing. *A+rds of the lift is pro&ided by the top surface. "uestion #umber. +). %hich of the following types of drag increases as the aircraft gains altitude'. Option A. ,nterference drag. Option B. ;arasite drag. Option C. ,nduced drag. Correct Answer is. ,nduced drag. Explanation. As density decreases with altitude. the lift must be compensated by increasing angle of attacB. ,nduced drag increases with angle of attacB. therefore induced drag increases with altitude. "uestion #umber. +(. 1he layer of air o&er the surface of an aerofoil which is slower mo&ing. in relation to the rest of the airflow. is Bnown as. Option A. none of the abo&e. Option B. camber layer. Option C. boundary layer. Correct Answer is. boundary layer. Explanation. 1he boundary layer is the layer of air in immediate contact with the sBin of the aircraft which is slowed down by sBin friction.

"uestion #umber. +*. %hat is a controlling factor of turbulence and sBin friction'. Option A. CountersunB ri&ets used on sBin exterior. Option B. Aspect ratio.

Option C. 6ineness ratio. Correct Answer is. CountersunB ri&ets used on sBin exterior. Explanation. CountersunB ri&ets increase sBin friction and turbulence. "uestion #umber. ++. ,f the C of E is aft of the Centre of ;ressure. Option A. when the aircraft yaws the aerodynamic forces acting forward of the Centre of ;ressure. Option B. changes in lift produce a pitching moment which acts to increase the change in lift. Option C. when the aircraft sideslips. the C of E causes the nose to turn into the sideslip thus applying a restoring moment. Correct Answer is. changes in lift produce a pitching moment which acts to increase the change in lift. Explanation. ,f the C of E is aft of the centre of pressure (not normal. but possible . an increase in lift will pitch the aircraft nose!up. which will increase the lift e&en further etc. etc. "uestion #umber. +4. 1he upper part of the wing in comparison to the lower. Option A. de&elops less lift. Option B. de&elops the same lift. Option C. de&elops more lift. Correct Answer is. de&elops more lift. Explanation. LooB at the lift distribution diagram of an aerofoil and see how approximately *A+rds of the lift is deri&ed from the top surface. "uestion #umber. +7. %hat effect would a forward CE ha&e on an aircraft on landing'. Option A. ,ncrease stalling speed. Option B. @educe stalling speed. Option C. #o effect on landing. Correct Answer is. ,ncrease stalling speed. Explanation. A forward CE would require the tail of the aircraft to exert more download to Beep the nose le&el. 1his will increase the wing loading and thus the aircraft would stall at a higher speed. "uestion #umber. +<. "#0 refers to. Option A. quite near horiFon. Option B. setting the altimeter to Fero. Option C. setting the mean sea le&el atmospheric pressure so an altimeter reads the aerodrome altitude abo&e mean sea le&el. Correct Answer is. altimeter reads the aerodrome altitude abo&e mean sea le&el. Explanation. "2 is the mathematical symbol for pressure. 2#02 stands for #autical 0eight. "#0 refers to the setting of actual sea le&el atmospheric pressure so the altimeter indicates the actual altitude abo&e sea le&el of the non!standard day. "uestion #umber. +$. "#E refers to. Option A. setting the mean sea le&el atmospheric pressure in accordance with ,CAO standard atmosphere i.e. ()(+ millibars. Option B. -etting an altimeter to read aerodrome altitude abo&e sea le&el. Option C. quite new equipment. Correct Answer is. setting the mean sea le&el atmospheric pressure in accordance with ,CAO standard atmosphere i.e. ()(+ millibars. Explanation. "2 is the mathematical symbol for pressure. 2#E2 stands for #autical Ele&ation. "#E refers to the setting of the standard sea le&el atmospheric pressure (i.e. ()(+mb so the altimeter indicates the ele&ation abo&e mean sea le&el. (Although it is not the 2true2 ele&ation. if it is not a standard day . "uestion #umber. +/. An aspect ratio of / D ( would mean. Option A. span <4. mean chord /. Option B. mean chord <4. span /. Option C. span squared <4. chord /.

Correct Answer is. span <4. mean chord /. Explanation. Aspect @atio is the ratio of the span to the chord. "uestion #umber. +3. "6E is. Option A. airfield pressure. Option B. difference between sea le&el and airfield pressure. Option C. sea le&el pressure. Correct Answer is. airfield pressure. Explanation. "2 is the mathematical symbol for pressure. 26E2 stands for 6ield Ele&ation. "6E refers to setting airfield pressure so the altimeter indicates Fero on the runway. "uestion #umber. 4). 6or any gi&en speed. a decrease in aircraft weight. the induced drag will. Option A. decrease. Option B. remain the same. Option C. increase. Correct Answer is. decrease. Explanation. ,nduced drag is 2lift dependant drag2. Less lift and there will be less induced drag. "uestion #umber. 4(. 1he amount of lift generated by a wing is. Option A. greatest at the tip. Option B. constant along the span. Option C. greatest at the root. Correct Answer is. greatest at the root. Explanation. -ee a diagram of the lift distribution of the wing (&iewed from the front and you will see it is parabolic. 1he wing tip &ortices decrease the lift at the tips. "uestion #umber. 4*. ,nduced :rag is. Option A. greatest towards the tip and downwash decreases from tip to root. Option B. greatest towards the wing tip and downwash is greatest towards the root. Option C. greatest towards the wing root and downwash is greatest at the tip. Correct Answer is. greatest towards the tip and downwash decreases from tip to root. Explanation. ,nduced drag is associated with wingtip &ortices. 1he greater the &ortices at the tip. the greater is the induced drag. "uestion #umber. 4+. ,nduced :rag is. Option A. ne&er equal to profile drag. Option B. equal to profile drag at Imd. Option C. equal to profile drag at stalling angle. Correct Answer is. equal to profile drag at Imd. Explanation. -Betch the drag cur&es (drag against speed . ,nduced drag decreases exponentially with speed. ;rofile drag increases exponentially with speed. Imd (minimum drag speed is where they meet. "uestion #umber. 44. %ith an increase in aircraft weight. Option A. Imd will be at a higher speed. Option B. Imd will be at the same speed. Option C. Imd will be at a lower speed. Correct Answer is. Imd will be at a higher speed. Explanation. -Betch the drag cur&es (drag against speed . ,nduced drag decreases exponentially with speed. ;rofile drag increases exponentially with speed. 1he induced drag is ele&ated with weight (since it is lift dependant and so cuts the profile drag further to the right (higher Imd . "uestion #umber. 47. 6or a gi&en ,A- an increase in altitude will result in. Option A. an increase in induced drag. Option B. no change in the &alue of induced drag.

Option C. an increase in profile drag. Correct Answer is. an increase in induced drag. Explanation. %ith a decrease in density the aircraft must fly with a greater angle of attacB (CL to compensate for the loss of lift. ,nduced drag is dependant upon AOA. therefore induced drag increases with altitude. "uestion #umber. 4<. As the angle of attacB of a wing is increased in le&el flight. Option A. the C of E mo&es aft and the Cof; forward. Option B. the Cof; and transition point mo&e forward. Option C. the Cof; mo&es forward and the stagnation point aft o&er the upper surface. Correct Answer is. the Cof; and transition point mo&e forward. O@ the Cof; mo&es forward and the stagnation point aft o&er the. Explanation. As AOA increases in le&el flight. Cof; mo&es forward and the 1ransition ;oint (the point at which the laminar flow breaBs away and forms into turbulent flow also mo&es forward. "uestion #umber. 4$. -tall inducers may be fitted to a wing. Option A. at the root to cause the root to stall first. Option B. at the tip to cause the root to stall first. Option C. at the root to cause the tip to stall first. Correct Answer is. at the root to cause the root to stall first. Explanation. -tall inducers (or stall strips are placed at the root of the wing to trip up the airflow Kust before full stall to ensure the wing stalls first at the root (and maintains the aileron authority e&en with a partially stalled wing . "uestion #umber. 4/. 1he optimum angle of attacB of an aerofoil is the angle at which. Option A. the aerofoil produces maximum lift. Option B. the aerofoil produces Fero lift. Option C. the highest liftAdrag ratio is produced. Correct Answer is. the highest liftAdrag ratio is produced. Explanation. 1he optimum angle of attacB is the angle at which the highest liftAdrag ratio is produced. "uestion #umber. 43. A high aspect ratio wing has a. Option A. increased induced drag. Option B. decreased sBin friction drag. Option C. decreased induced drag. Correct Answer is. the highest liftAdrag ratio is produced. Explanation. ,nduced drag decreases with increasing aspect ratio. (0owe&er. sBin friction drag also reduces with an increased chord length due to thicBening of the boundary layer ! but this is less significant. . "uestion #umber. 7). Ginimum total drag of an aircraft occurs. Option A. when induced drag is least. Option B. at the stalling speed. Option C. when profile drag equals induced drag. Correct Answer is. when profile drag equals induced drag. Explanation. -Betch the drag cur&es (drag against speed . ,nduced drag decreases exponentially with speed. ;rofile drag increases exponentially with speed. Imd (minimum drag speed is where they meet. "uestion #umber. 7(. ,f the weight of an aircraft is increased. the induced drag at a gi&en speed. Option A. will increase. Option B. will decrease. Option C. will remain the same. Correct Answer is. will increase.

Explanation. ,f weight is increased. for a gi&en speed the aircraft must fly at a greater angle of attacB (CL . ,nduced drag increases with increased AOA. "uestion #umber. 7*. 1he transition point on a wing is the point where. Option A. the boundary layer flow changes from laminar to turbulent. Option B. the flow di&ides to pass abo&e and below the wing. Option C. the flow separates from the wing surface. Correct Answer is. the boundary layer flow changes from laminar to turbulent. Explanation. 1he transition point is a point on the surface of the wing where the boundary layer changes from laminar to turbulent. "uestion #umber. 7+. 1he boundary layer of a body in a mo&ing airstream is. Option A. a layer of air o&er the surface where the airspeed is changing from free stream speed to Fero speed. Option B. a layer of separated flow where the air is turbulent. Option C. a thin layer of air o&er the surface where the air is stationary. Correct Answer is. a thin layer of air o&er the surface where the air is stationary. O@ a layer of air o&er the surface where the airspeed is changing from free stream speed to Fero speed. Explanation. 1he boundary layer is a thin layer of slowed air in contact with the surface of the sBin which is slowed by friction. -peed ranging from stationary to free stream speed. "uestion #umber. 74. A laminar boundary layer will produce. Option A. more sBin friction drag than a turbulent one. Option B. the same sBin friction drag as a turbulent one. Option C. less sBin friction drag than a turbulent one. Correct Answer is. less sBin friction drag than a turbulent one. Explanation. -Bin friction drag is greater in a turbulent boundary layer than in a laminar boundary layer. "uestion #umber. 77. 1he boundary layer is. Option A. thicBest at the leading edge. Option B. thicBest at the trailing edge. Option C. constant thicBness from leading to trailing edges. Correct Answer is. thicBest at the trailing edge. Explanation. 1he boundary layer is thicBest at the trailing edge. "uestion #umber. 7<. 1he amount of thrust produced by a Ket engine or a propeller can be calculated using. Option A. #ewtonHs +rd law. Option B. #ewtonHs *nd law. Option C. #ewtonHs (st law. Correct Answer is. #ewtonHs *nd law. Explanation. #ewton2s second law is 6orce = Gass x Acceleration.

"uestion #umber. 7$. An engine which produces an efflux of high speed will be. Option A. less efficient. Option B. more efficient. Option C. speed of efflux has no affect on the engine efficiency. Correct Answer is. less efficient. Explanation. A pure turboKet accelerates a low mass of air at a high rate and is less efficient than a turbo fan or turbo prop. 1his is because the wasted energy is (A*mI* of the Ket efflux.

"uestion #umber. 7/. %ing loading is calculated by weight. Option A. di&ided by lift. Option B. di&ided by gross wing area. Option C. multiplied by gross wing area. Correct Answer is. di&ided by gross wing area. Explanation. %ing loading is weight di&ided by wing area and measured in #ewtons per square metre. "uestion #umber. 73. ,nduced drag is. Option A. nothing to do with speed. Option B. proportional to speed. Option C. in&ersely proportional to the square of speed. Correct Answer is. in&ersely proportional to the square of speed. Explanation. ,nduced drag is in&ersely proportional to the square of the speed ! i.e. it reduces with the square of the speed. "uestion #umber. <). As the angle of attacB increases the stagnation point. Option A. mo&es towards the upper surface. Option B. does not mo&e. Option C. mo&es towards the lower surface. Correct Answer is. mo&es towards the lower surface. Explanation. 1he stagnation point is the stationary air at the leading edge of the wing. As the angle of attacB increases the stagnation point mo&es towards the lower surface. "uestion #umber. <(. 1he term pitch!up is due to. Option A. compressibility effect. Option B. ground effect. Option C. longitudinal instability. Correct Answer is. longitudinal instability. Explanation. ;itch!up2 is a longitudinal instability. ,t is caused by wingtip stall on swept wings. resulting ina drop of the tail. "uestion #umber. <*. ,n a steady climb at a steady ,A-. the 1A- is. Option A. more than ,A-. Option B. the same. Option C. less than ,A-. Correct Answer is. more than ,A-. Explanation. ,A- = 1A- x square root of sigma. -igma is the ratio of density at altitude to density at sea! le&el. -igma is always less than (. "uestion #umber. <+. An untapered straight wing will. Option A. ha&e no yaw effect in banBing. Option B. stall at the root first. Option C. ha&e no change in induced drag in the banB. Correct Answer is. stall at the root first. Explanation. 1he straight wing will always stall at the root first. 1his is the desired stall characteristic. "uestion #umber. <4. %ith the ailerons away from the neutral. induced drag is. Option A. higher on the lower wing plus profile drag increases. Option B. unchanged but profile drag is higher. Option C. higher on the upper wing plus profile drag increases. Correct Answer is. higher on the upper wing plus profile drag increases. Explanation. ,nduced drag is 2lift dependant drag2. 1he upper wing has more lift and hence more induced drag. ,t also has more profile drag due to the aileron2s protrusion into the airflow.

"uestion #umber. <7. All the lift can be said to act through the. Option A. centre of pressure. Option B. centre of gra&ity. Option C. normal axis. Correct Answer is. centre of pressure. Explanation. All the lift is said to act through the centre of pressure. "uestion #umber. <<. 1he concept of thrust is explained by. Option A. BernoulliHs theorem. Option B. #ewtonHs +rd law. Option C. #ewtonHs (st law. Correct Answer is. #ewtonHs +rd law. Explanation. #ewton2s 1hird Law states 2E&ery action has an equal and opposite reaction2. "uestion #umber. <$. 1he camber of an aerofoil section is. Option A. the angle which the aerofoil maBes with the relati&e airflow. Option B. the cur&ature of the median line of the aerofoil. Option C. the angle of incidence towards the tip of a wing. Correct Answer is. the cur&ature of the median line of the aerofoil. Explanation. Aerofoil camber is the cur&ature of the median line of the aerofoil. "uestion #umber. </. ,nduced drag. Option A. is caused by sBin friction. Option B. is associated with the lift generated by an aerofoil. Option C. results from disturbed airflow in the region of mainplane. O@ is associated with the lift generated by an aerofoil. Correct Answer is. results from disturbed airflow in the region of mainplane attachments. Explanation. ,nduced drag is often called 2lift dependant drag2 because it increases with increasing lift (due to increased AOA . "uestion #umber. <3. As air flows o&er the upper cambered surface of an aerofoil. what happens to &elocity and pressure'. Option A. Ielocity increases. pressure increases. Option B. Ielocity increases. pressure decreases. Option C. Ielocity decreases. pressure decreases. Correct Answer is. Ielocity increases. pressure decreases. Explanation. As air flows o&er the upper cambered surface of an aerofoil. &elcity increases and pressure decreases. 1his is Bernoulli2s effect. "uestion #umber. $). %hat is the force that tends to pull an aircraft down towards the earth'. Option A. 1hrust. Option B. %eight. Option C. :rag. Correct Answer is. %eight. Explanation. %eight tends to pull the aircraft down towards the earth. "uestion #umber. $(. 1he angle at which the chord line of the aerofoil is presented to the airflow is Bnown as. Option A. angle of attacB. Option B. resultant. Option C. angle of incidence. Correct Answer is. angle of attacB. Explanation. Angle of AttacB is the angle at which the chord line of the aerofoil is presented to the airflow.

"uestion #umber. $*. 1he imaginary straight line which passes through an aerofoil section from leading edge to trailing edge is called. Option A. the chord line. Option B. the direction of relati&e airflow. Option C. centre of pressure. Correct Answer is. the chord line. Explanation. 1he Chord Line is the imaginary straight line which passes through the aerofoil from leading edge to trailing edge. "uestion #umber $+. %hat is the angle between the chord line of the wing. and the longitudinal axis of the aircraft. Bnown as'. Option A. Angle of dihedral. Option B. Angle of attacB. Option C. Angle of incidence. Correct Answer is. Angle of incidence. Explanation. Angle of incidence is the angle between the chord line of the wing and the longitudinal axis of the aircraft. "uestion #umber. $4. %ing tip &ortices create a type of drag Bnown as. Option A. form drag. Option B. profile drag. Option C. induced drag. Correct Answer is. induced drag. Explanation. ,nduced drag is associated with wingtip &ortices. "uestion #umber. $7. %hich of the following describes the 2Empennage2'. Option A. 1ail section of the aircraft. including fin. rudder. tail plane and ele&ators. Option B. #ose section of an aircraft. including the cocBpit. Option C. 1he wings. including the ailerons. Correct Answer is. 1ail section of the aircraft. including fin. rudder. tail plane and ele&ators. Explanation. Empannage2 is the whole tail of the aircraft including fin. rudder. tailplane and ele&ator. "uestion #umber. $<. As the angle of attacB is increased (up to the stall point . which of the following is correct'. Option A. Both a and b are correct. Option B. ;ressure difference between top and bottom of the wing increases. Option C. Lift increases. Correct Answer is. Both a and b are correct. Explanation. As the angle of attacB is increased the pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the wing is increased. 1his causes the lift to increase.

"uestion #umber. $$. %hat type of drag. depends on the smoothness of the body. and surface area o&er which the air flows'. Option A. 6orm drag. Option B. ;arasite drag. Option C. -Bin friction drag. Correct Answer is. -Bin friction drag. Explanation. -Bin friction drag depends upon the smoothness of the body and the surface area. "uestion #umber. $/. %hen airflow &elocity o&er an upper cambered surface of an aerofoil decreases. what taBes place'.

Option A. ;ressure decreases. lift increases. Option B. ;ressure increases. lift decreases. Option C. ;ressure increases. lift increases. Correct Answer is. ;ressure increases. lift decreases. Explanation. %hen airflow &elocity o&er the upper cambered surface of an aerofoil :EC@EA-E-. the pressure increases and thus the lift decreases. "uestion #umber. $3. %hen an aircraft stalls. Option A. lift increases and drag decreases. Option B. lift and drag increase. Option C. lift decreases and drag increases. Correct Answer is. lift decreases and drag increases. Explanation. %hen an aircraft stalls the drag increases and the lift decreases. "uestion #umber. /). %ing loading is. Option A. the maximum all up weight multiplied by the total wing area. Option B. the maximum all up weight di&ided by the total wing area. Option C. the ratio of the all up weight of the aircraft to its basic weight. Correct Answer is. the ratio of the all up weight of the aircraft to its basic weight. O@ the maximum all up weight di&ided by the total wing area. Explanation. %ing Loading is weight di&ided by wing area. Geasured in #ewtons per -quare Getre. "uestion #umber. /(. An aircraft wing with an aspect ration of < D ( is proportional so that. Option A. the wing area is six times the span. Option B. the mean chord is six times the thicBness. Option C. the wing span is six times the mean chord. Correct Answer is. the wing span is six times the mean chord. Explanation. ,f aspect ratio is < D ( the wing span is < times the mean chord. "uestion #umber. /*. Lpward and outward inclination of a mainplane is termed. Option A. dihedral. Option B. sweep. Option C. stagger. Correct Answer is. dihedral. Explanation. Lpward and outward inclination of a mainplane is termed dihedral. "uestion #umber. /+. %hich of the following forces act on an aircraft in le&el flight'. Option A. Lift. drag. thrust. Option B. Lift. thrust. and weight. Option C. Lift. thrust. weight. and drag. Correct Answer is. Lift. thrust. weight. and drag. Explanation. Lift. thrust. weight and drag act on an aircraft in le&el flight. "uestion #umber. /4. %ith reference to altimeters. "6E is. Option A. the manufacturers registered name. Option B. quite fine equipment. Option C. setting aerodrome atmospheric pressure so that an altimeter reads Fero on landing and taBe off. Correct Answer is. setting aerodrome atmospheric pressure so that an altimeter reads Fero on landing and taBe off. Explanation. " is the mathematical symbol for pressure. 6E stands for 6ield Ele&ation. "6E refers to setting the altimeter to aerodrome atmospheric pressure so the altimeter reads Fero on landing and taBeoff.

"uestion #umber. /7. Lnder the ,CAO 2"2 code there are which three settings'. Option A. "E6. "#0. "E#. Option B. "E. "#. ""E. Option C. "6E. "#0. "#E. Correct Answer is. "6E. "#0. "#E. Explanation. 1he ,CAO 2"2 codes are "6E. "#E. "#0. "uestion #umber. /<. %ing loading is. Option A. %,#E A@EA 9 %,#E C0O@:. Option B. E@O-- %E,E01 di&ided by E@O-- %,#E A@EA. Option C. the ultimate tensile strength of the wing. Correct Answer is. E@O-- %E,E01 di&ided by E@O-- %,#E A@EA. Explanation. %ing loading is gross weight di&ided by wing area measured in #ewtons per -quare Getre. "uestion #umber. /$. %eight is equal to. Option A. mass 9 acceleration. Option B. mass 9 gra&ity. Option C. &olume 9 gra&ity. Correct Answer is. mass 9 gra&ity. Explanation. %eight = mass 9 gra&ity in straight and le&el flight. ,n a manoeu&re. additional accelerations are present. which are sometimes considered to increase weight. 1he question can therefore be answered in two ways. "uestion #umber. //. ,nduced drag. Option A. increases with increase in aircraft weight. Option B. increases with an increase in speed. Option C. reduces with an increase in angle of attacB. Correct Answer is. increases with increase in aircraft weight. Explanation. ,nduced drag increase with aircraft weight because it is 2lift dependant drag2. "uestion #umber. /3. Airflow o&er the upper surface of the wing generally. Option A. flows towards the tip. Option B. flows towards the root. Option C. flows straight from leading edge to trailing edge. Correct Answer is. flows towards the root. Explanation. :ue to wing tip &ortices there is a general flow of air from tip to root on the top surface. and root to tip on the lower surface. "uestion #umber. 3). %ith an increase in aspect ratio for a gi&en ,A-. induced drag will. Option A. reduce. Option B. remain constant. Option C. increase. Correct Answer is. reduce. Explanation. A long slender wing (high aspect ratio has a low induced drag. "uestion #umber. 3(. ,f the density of the air is increased. the lift will. Option A. remain the same. Option B. increase. Option C. decrease. Correct Answer is. increase. Explanation. -ee the formula for lift. Lift is directly proportional to air density. "uestion #umber. 3*. All the factors that affect the lift produced by an aerofoil are.

Option A. angle of attacB. &elocity. wing area. aerofoil shape. air density. Option B. angle of attacB. air temperature. &elocity. wing area. Option C. angle of attacB. air density. &elocity. wing area. Correct Answer is. angle of attacB. &elocity. wing area. aerofoil shape. air density. Explanation. Lift formula is CL (includes aerofoil shape and angle of attacB 9 (A* 9 air density 9 &elocity squared. "uestion #umber. 3+. A wing section suitable for high speed would be. Option A. thin with high camber. Option B. thicB with high camber. Option C. thin with little or no camber. Correct Answer is. thin with little or no camber. Explanation. A high speed wing is thin with little camber. "uestion #umber. 34. 1he induced drag of an aircraft. Option A. increases if aspect ratio is increased. Option B. decreases with increasing speed. Option C. increases with increasing speed. Correct Answer is. decreases with increasing speed. Explanation. ,nduced drag decreases with increasing speed. "uestion #umber. 37. As the speed of an aircraft increases. the profile drag. Option A. decreases at first then increase. Option B. increases. Option C. decreases. Correct Answer is. increases. Explanation. ;rofile drag increases with increasing speed. "uestion #umber. 3<. 1he stagnation point on an aerofoil is the point where. Option A. the boundary layer changes from laminar to turbulent. Option B. the suction pressure reaches a maximum. Option C. the airflow is brought completely to rest. Correct Answer is. the airflow is brought completely to rest. Explanation. 1he stagnation point on the aerofoil is the point where the airflow is brought completely to rest on the leading edge. "uestion #umber. 3$. 1he stalling of an aerofoil is affected by the. Option A. transition speed. Option B. airspeed. Option C. angle of attacB. Correct Answer is. angle of attacB. Explanation. 1he stall position of an aerofoil is determined by its angle of attacB only. "uestion #umber. 3/. 1he most fuel efficient of the following types of engine is the. Option A. turbo!Ket engine. Option B. turbo!fan engine. Option C. rocBet. Correct Answer is. turbo!fan engine. Explanation. 1he turbo fan is the most fuel efficient engine. "uestion #umber. 33. 1he quietest of the following types of engine is the. Option A. turbo!Ket engine. Option B. rocBet.

Option C. turbo!fan engine. Correct Answer is. turbo!fan engine. Explanation. 1he turbo fan is the quietest engine. "uestion #umber. ()). 6orward motion of a glider is pro&ided by. Option A. the weight. Option B. the drag. Option C. the engine. Correct Answer is. the weight. Explanation. 1he weight pro&ides forward motion of a glider. "uestion #umber. ()(. ;rofile drag consists of what drag types'. Option A. 6orm. induced and interference. Option B. 6orm. induced and sBin friction. Option C. 6orm. sBin friction and interference. Correct Answer is. 6orm. sBin friction and interference. Explanation. ;rofile drag (Bnown as ;arasite drag in the L-A consists of 6orm :rag. -Bin 6riction :rag and ,nterference :rag. "uestion #umber. ()*. An aircraft in straight and le&el flight is subKect to. Option A. a load factor of (. Option B. a load factor of M. Option C. Fero load factor. Correct Answer is. a load factor of (. Explanation. An aircraft in straight and le&el flight is subKect to a load factor of ( (i.e. (g . "uestion #umber. ()+. Aspect ratio is gi&en by the formula. Option A. Gean Chord A -pan. Option B. -pan* A Area. Option C. -pan* A Gean Chord. Correct Answer is. -pan* A Area. Explanation. Aspect @atio is spanAmean chord. Gultiply top and bottom by span and you get span*Aarea. "uestion #umber. ()4. An aspect ratio of / means. Option A. the mean chord is / times the span. Option B. the span is / times the mean chord. Option C. the area is / times the span. Correct Answer is. the span is / times the mean chord. Explanation. An Aspect @atio of / means the span is / times the chord.

"uestion #umber. ()7. A high aspect ratio wing. Option A. has a higher stall angle than a low aspect ratio wing. Option B. is stiffer than a low aspect ratio wing. Option C. has less induced drag than a low aspect ratio wing. Correct Answer is. has less induced drag than a low aspect ratio wing. Explanation. A long slender wing (high aspect ratio has less induced drag than a short stubby wing. "uestion #umber. ()<. ,nduced downwash. Option A. reduces the effecti&e angle of attacB of the wing. Option B. increases the effecti&e angle of attacB of the wing. Option C. has no effect on the angle of attacB of the wing.

Correct Answer is. reduces the effecti&e angle of attacB of the wing. Explanation. ,nduced downwash reduces the effecti&e angle of attacB of the wing. "uestion #umber. ()$. A straight rectangular wing. without any twist. will. Option A. ha&e less angle of attacB at the tip. Option B. ha&e greater angle of attacB at the tip. Option C. ha&e the same angle of attacB at all points along the span. Correct Answer is. ha&e the same angle of attacB at all points along the span. O@ ha&e less angle of attacB at the tip. Explanation. :ue to wingtip &ortices. there is more downwash at the tip. and therefore there is less angle of attacB at the tip. "uestion #umber. ()/. Ei&en * wings. the first with a span of (*m and a chord of * m. 1he second has a span of <m and a chord of (m. 0ow do their Aspect @atios compare'. Option A. 1he first is higher. Option B. 1hey are the same. Option C. 1he second is higher. Correct Answer is. 1hey are the same. Explanation. Aspect ratio = -panAChord. "uestion #umber. ()3. 1he C of E mo&es in flight. 1he most liBely cause of this is. Option A. mo&ement of passengers. Option B. consumption of fuel and oils. Option C. mo&ement of cargo. Correct Answer is. consumption of fuel and oils. Explanation. Consumption of fuel and oil causes the C of E to mo&e in flight. "uestion #umber. ((). A straight rectangular wing. without any twist. will. Option A. stall equally along the span of the wing. Option B. stall first at the tip. Option C. stall first at the root. Correct Answer is. stall first at the root. Explanation. A straight rectangular wing will stall first at the root. 1his is because the effecti&e angle of attacB is reduced at the tips because of the greater downwash at the tips. "uestion #umber. (((. %hen an aircraft experiences induced drag. Option A. air flows under the wing span wise towards the root and on top of the wing span wise towards the tip. Option B. air flows under the wing span wise towards the tip and on top of the wing span wise towards the root. Option C. #either a or b since induced drag does not cause span wise flow. Correct Answer is. #either a or b since induced drag does not cause span wise. O@ air flows under the wing span wise towards the tip and on top of the wing span wise towards the root. Explanation. ,nduced drag causes air to flow under the wing span wise towards the tip and on top of the wing span wise towards the root. "uestion #umber. ((*. An aeroplane wing is designed to produce lift resulting from relati&ely. Option A. positi&e air pressure below and abo&e the wing2s surface. Option B. positi&e air pressure below the wing2s surface an negati&e air pressure abo&e the wing2s surface. Option C. negati&e air pressure below the wing2s surface and positi&e air pressure abo&e the wing2s surface. O@ negati&e air pressure below the wing2s surface and positi&e air.

Correct Answer is. negati&e air pressure below the wing2s surface and positi&e air. Explanation. 1he wing is designed to produce lift resulting from relati&ely positi&e air pressure below the wing surface and negati&e air pressure abo&e the wing surface. "uestion #umber. ((+. Aspect ratio of a wing is defined as the ratio of the. Option A. wingspan to the mean chord. Option B. wingspan to the wing root. Option C. square of the chord to the wingspan. Correct Answer is. wingspan to the mean chord. Explanation. Aspect ratio is defined as the ratio of the wing span to mean chord. "uestion #umber. ((4. %hich of the following is true'. Option A. Lift acts at right angles to the relati&e airflow and weight acts &ertically down. Option B. Lift acts at right angles to the wing chord line and weight acts &ertically down. Option C. Lift acts at right angles to the relati&e air flow and weight acts at right angles to the aircraft centre line. Correct Answer is. Lift acts at right angles to the relati&e air flow and weight acts &ertically down. Explanation. Lift acts at right angles to the relati&e airflow and weight acts &ertically down. "uestion #umber. ((7. 1he airflow o&er the upper surface of a cambered wing. Option A. increases in &elocity and reduces in pressure. Option B. increases in &elocity and pressure. Option C. reduces in &elocity and increases in pressure. Correct Answer is. increases in &elocity and reduces in pressure. Explanation. Airflow flowing o&er the upper surface of an aerofoil increases in &elocity and decreases in pressure. "uestion #umber. ((<. %ith increased speed in le&el flight. Option A. profile drag increases. Option B. induced drag increases. Option C. profile drag remains constant. Correct Answer is. profile drag increases. Explanation. %ith increased speed in le&el flight. the profile drag increases and the induced drag decreases. "uestion #umber. (($. An aeroplane wing is designed to produce lift resulting from relati&ely. Option A. positi&e air pressure below the wing2s surface and negati&e air pressure abo&e the wing2s surface. Option B. negati&e air pressure below the wing2s surface and positi&e air pressure abo&e the wing2s surface. Option C. positi&e air pressure below and abo&e the wing2s surface. Correct Answer is. positi&e air pressure below and abo&e the wing2s surface. Explanation. 1he wing is designed to produce lift resulting from relati&ely positi&e air pressure below the wing surface and negati&e air pressure abo&e the wing surface.C. "uestion #umber. ((/. 1he angle of attacB of an aerofoil section is the angle between the. Option A. underside of the wing surface and the mean airflow. Option B. chord line and the relati&e airflow. Option C. chord line and the centre line of the fuselage. Correct Answer is. chord line and the relati&e airflow. Explanation. Angle of attacB of an aerofoil is the angle between the chord line and the relati&e air flow. "uestion #umber. ((3. A swept wing tends to stall first at the.

Option A. centre section. Option B. root. Option C. tip. Correct Answer is. tip. Explanation. A swept wing tends to stall first at the tip. "uestion #umber. (*). 1he trailing &ortex on a pointed wing (taper ratio = ) is. Option A. at the tip. Option B. equally all along the wing span. Option C. at the root. Correct Answer is. at the root. Explanation. 1he &ortex of a pointed wing concentrated at the root of the wing ! exactly opposite to straight wings. "uestion #umber. (*(. 1he lift cur&e for a delta wing is. Option A. more steep than that of a high aspect ratio wing. Option B. less steep than that of a high aspect ratio wing. Option C. the same as that of a high aspect ratio wing. Correct Answer is. less steep than that of a high aspect ratio wing. Explanation. A delta wing produces less lift for any gi&en angle of attacB than any other type of wing. "uestion #umber. (**. An increase in the speed at which an aerofoil passes through the air increases lift because. Option A. the increased speed of the airflow creates a greater pressure differential between the upper and lower surfaces. Option B. the increased speed of the airflow creates a lesser pressure differential between the upper and lower surfaces. Option C. the increased &elocity of the relati&e wind increases the angle of attacB. Correct Answer is. the increased &elocity of the relati&e wind increases the angle. O@ the increased speed of the airflow creates a greater pressure differential between the upper and lower surfaces. Explanation. ,ncreasing the speed of an aerofoil increases the pressure differential between the upper and lower surface. "uestion #umber. (*+. A delta wing has. Option A. a lower stall angle than a straight wing. Option B. a higher stall angle than a straight wing. Option C. the same stall angle than a straight wing. Correct Answer is. a higher stall angle than a straight wing. Explanation. A delta wing has a much higher stall angle than a normal wing (some as much as 4) degrees . "uestion #umber. (*4. 1he airflow o&er the upper surface of a cambered wing. Option A. reduces in &elocity and increases in pressure. Option B. increases in &elocity and reduces in pressure. Option C. increases in &elocity and pressure. Correct Answer is. increases in &elocity and reduces in pressure. Explanation. Airflow o&er the upper surface of a cambered surface of the wing increases in &elocity and decreases in pressure. "uestion #umber. (*7. 1he speed of air o&er a swept wing which contributes to the lift is. Option A. less than the aircraft speed. Option B. the same as the aircraft speed.

Option C. more than the aircraft speed. Correct Answer is. less than the aircraft speed. Explanation. ,f aircraft speed is I. speed of airflow o&er wing which contributes to lift is Icos(sweepangle . Cos(sweepangle N (. -ee AC Jermode. Gechanics of 6light (()th edition . ;g +73 6ig ((.(<. "uestion #umber. (*<. 6or a gi&en angle of attacB. induced drag is. Option A. greater on a high aspect ratio wing. Option B. greater towards the wing root. Option C. greater on a low aspect ratio wing. Correct Answer is. greater on a low aspect ratio wing. Explanation. A low aspect ratio wing (short!stubby wing has a greater induced drag. "uestion #umber. (*$. ,n straight and le&el flight. the angle of attacB of a swept wing is. Option A. less than the aircraft angle to the horiFontal. Option B. more than the aircraft angle to the horiFontal. Option C. the same as the aircraft angle to the horiFontal. Correct Answer is. less than the aircraft angle to the horiFontal. Explanation. -ince the 2effecti&e2 &elocity &ector o&er a swept wing is not parallel with the forward direction of the aircraft. a change in pitch of the aircraft has lesser effect upon the AOA of the wing. "uestion #umber. (*/. ,nduced drag. Option A. is equal to the profile drag at Imd. Option B. is equal to the profile drag at the stalling speed. Option C. is ne&er equal to the profile drag. Correct Answer is. is equal to the profile drag at Imd. Explanation. ,nduced drag is equal to profile drag at Imd. "uestion #umber. (*3. A delta wing aircraft flying at the same speed (subsonic and angle of attacB as a swept wing aircraft of similar wing area will produce. Option A. more lift. Option B. less lift. Option C. the same lift. Correct Answer is. less lift. Explanation. A delta wing aircraft at any gi&en angle of attacB and speed will produce less lift than any other type of wing. "uestion #umber. (+). 1he stagnation point is. Option A. static pressure minus dynamic pressure. Option B. dynamic pressure only. Option C. static pressure plus dynamic pressure. Correct Answer is. static pressure plus dynamic pressure. Explanation. At stagnation. the pressure is total (static plus dynamic . "uestion #umber. (+(. On a swept wing aircraft. due to the ad&erse pressure gradient. the boundary layer on the upper surface of the wing tends to flow. Option A. towards the root.