A Solar Flux Atlas for the Visible and Near Infrared.

L. Wallace and K. Hinkle, National Optical Astronomy Observatory*, W. C. Livingston and S. P. Davis, National Solar Observatory*.

Introduction. Kurucz, Furenlid, Brault and Testerman (1984) have already produced a solar ux atlas for the visible and near-infrared region using very high quality Brault NSO (National Solar Observatory) FTS (Fourier Transform Spectrometer) spectra (Davis, Abrams and Brault, 2001). We have produced a different version which we present here. Most importantly, it includes corrections for discrete terrestrial absorptions mostly due to H2O and O2. This atlas also includes spectral plots with line identications and ASCII les containing corrected and uncorrected spectra. In order to observe disk-integrated sunlight, a very few NSO FTS solar spectra were taken with the image out of focus. This was achieved by substituting a at mirror for the telescope image-forming mirror. These integrated sun spectra are the solar ux spectra we have used here. To obtain spectra of the telluric lines, we started with ratios of solar spectra at different air masses. We then stretched this ratio to match, as best as possible, the telluric lines in the solar ux spectrum, and then used the ratio to divide them out. In addition to producing digital les containing the corrected solar ux spectra, we have produced plots with line identications which are minor updates of material we have assembled and used before. The Spectra. There are two groups of particularly useful integrated sun spectra for the visible and near infrared in the NSO archives. The rst, from 1981, by Brault and Testerman, was used for the Kurucz et al. ux atlas. The second, from 1989, by Mitchell and Plymate, we believe was intended for use in a paper by Mitchell and Livingston (1991). We have reviewed these and made telluric corrections on both. Much better results were found for the second group. Since this second set offered the potential for a simple, better, correction for telluric lines, it received more attention than the rst. There is, of course, some intrinsic variation in the solar ux spectrum through the solar cycle (e.g., Livingston, Wallace and White 1988, Mitchell and Livingston 1991) but that effect is too small to be of concern in the present work.

*The National Optical Astronomy Observatory and the National Solar Observatory are operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.

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Correction for Telluric Lines. The primary discrete terrestrial absorbers in this region, H2O and O2, are illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 1 is the telluric spectrum derived for the correction of the integrated sun spectra used here. Two weaker bands of H2O (Camy-Peyret et al. 1985) are also apparent in the atlas panels centered about o 19,800 cm1 (5050 A). It is apparent from Figure 1 that telluric lines have a substantial effect on a large part of the visible and near infrared spectrum. Note that in Fig. 1, of the observed spectrum was substituted for the derived telluric spectrum in telluric line centers when the derived ratio was excessively noisy. Our basic scheme for removing the telluric lines when working with center disk spectra is to ratio two solar spectra at air masses differing by the order of unity, stretch the ratio to match the telluric lines of the spectrum with the smallest air mass, then divide by the stretched ratio. This only works because of the almost complete resolution of the features. The most prominent defects in the process are increased noise. The S/N is lowest in the centers of strong lines and is reected in the inability to get good corrections in the centers of these lines. We have used this approach with the archival integrated sun spectra but could not generally obtain satisfactory results, there being substantial differences in the Doppler shifts of the solar lines in the two spectra ratioed to obtain a transmission spectrum and much noise due to excessive stretching of the ratio of spectra differing only by small amounts in air mass. This lead us to the modied scheme of using ratios of center disk spectra to obtain the transmission spectrum, and then applying that transmission spectrum to the integrated sun spectrum. We have measured the zero levels relative to the continua with o black lines in the 7600 A A-band and the H2O bands near 10500 cm1 and found them in the spectra we have used here to be less than 0.25 % off zero, and therefore inconsequential. The H2O absorption is highly time-variable whereas O2 is not. Because of this, the best overall cancellation of both H2O and O2 comes with spectra obtained over a short time span, and we were not generally able to nd such spectra in the archives. Two successive spectra on the same day differing by one half to one air mass are the best. As a result of this further complication, we had to pick over the integrated sun spectra very carefully in order to nd reasonably correctable spectra which were obtained close together in time and preferably with the FTS in the same conguration to avoid interpolation onto a common dispersion scale. This greatly restricted the number of useful integrated sun spectra.

Table 1. Reduction Summary. Region 1 2 3 4 5 Primary Spectrum 1989/10/13#8 1989/10/13#7 1989/10/01#4 1989/10/01#7 1989/10/01#5&6, 10/13#5&6,& 10/14#15&16 1981/06/22#6 Resolving Power 676,000 698,000 432,000 559,000 494,000 494,000 494,000 348,000 Secondary Spectra 1983/06/26 #1&2 1983/06/26 #1&2 1983/06/26 #1&2 none none Atlas Region (cm1) 10,800-13,500 13,500-17,500 17,500-22,500 22,500-24,900 24,900-30,700 Doppler Correction 1.00000185 1.00000119 1.00000046 1.00000100 1.00000093

none

30,700-33,800

0.99999873

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Spectra Selection and Processing. The spectra selected and processed are listed in Table 1. The primary spectra, all integrated sun, are illustrated in a highly compressed form with no continuum correction in Figure 2. We have given them the le names of the date they were taken plus the spectrum number for that date. Those from October 1989 are by Mitchell and Plymate and that for June 1981 is by Brault and Testerman. All of the spectra used here are in the NSO archives. The available integrated sun spectra each cover a few thousand wavenumbers with the result that six primary spectra are needed to cover the full near infrared and visible band. For region 1, we tried rst to use two integrated sun spectra, 1989/10/13#8 at air mass 1.5 and 1989/10/01#10 at air mass 3.2, both with the same FTS conguration and lters. Ratioing, stretching and dividing, as described in previous paragraphs, plus continuum adjustment by tting parabolas through the high points, yielded the results. However, the results were noisy and numerous "s" structures in the transmission spectrum appeared due to the Doppler shift between the solar lines when the telluric lines were matched up. Much experimentation led us to the ratio of center disk spectra 1983/06/26#1 at air mass 10.8 and #2 at air mass 5.4, at a different FTS conguration from the primary, solar ux, spectrum. This required interpolation onto a common frequency scale of these two spectra and the primary. Different stretching was needed for H2O and O2 regions, but the two are well separated so the switching from one to the other was not a problem. Throughout this, and the other regions, we have inserted gaps at the centers of the strong telluric lines where the correction fails. For region 2, the reasonable combination of integrated sun spectra 1989/10/13#7 at air mass 1.4 with 1989/10/01#9 at air mass 1.8 was useless because the two show essentially identical H2O. Much experimentation led us to the use of the same two center disk spectra as in region 1, 1983/06/26#1 and #2. As in region 1, different stretching was needed for H2O and O2 and because of the overlap of the H2O and O2, as indicated in Figure 1, much switching between the two stretching modes was required. This generally worked quite well but some failures are apparent, notably at the O2 lines at 14,426.8 and 14,428.7 cm1. For region 3, we again could not get reasonable results with integrated sun spectra only. Instead, we used the same two center disc spectra for the transmission as in regions 1 and 2. This region does have the simplication that it has H2O but no signicant O2. Reductions for regions 4 and 6, requiring neither H2O nor O2 corrections, were only a matter of continuum tting through the high points. Region 5 was similar except that six spectra were added together to increase the S/N. Results. The results of the reductions for the six regions are in les sptr.regN where N=1 to 6. The rst three les have ve columns: frequency in wavenumbers, corrected ux spectrum, derived transmission function, observed ux spectrum, and air wavelength. The last three have three columns: frequency in wavenumbers, observed ux spectrum and air wavelength. The air wavelength is wavelength in standard air calculated from the vacuum frequency ( Edl en 1966). These les are currently stored in http://diglib.nso.edu/solar_ux_atlas/. We have determined small multiplicative frequency corrections for the reduced spectra in the sptr.regN les using the Fe I lines of Nave, Johansson, Learner, Thorne and Brault (1994) as standards. These correction factors are listed in Table 1 and have been applied in the atlas plots. From these les we have produced a series of plots at a scale of 50 cm1 per panel. Where telluric

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lines are apparent, we plot the corrected ux spectrum in one panel and in a second, the telluric transmission spectrum used for the correction and the observed ux spectrum, the latter shifted down by 0.1. Where the telluric lines are not apparent, only the observed ux spectrum is given.

Table 2. Extent of Labeled Molecular Features. Molecular Label CN Red Molecular Transition CN Red A2-X2 Vibrational Band 1-0 4-2 3-1 2-0 6-3 5-2 4-1 3-0 0-1 0-0 1-1 1-0 0-0 0-1 2-2 1-1 0-0 0-1 1-2 2-3 0-0 1-1 2-2 3-3 1-1 0-0 1-0 1-1 0-0 2-2 1-1 0-0 3-2 1-0 1-1 0-0 Frequency Region (cm1) 10,801-10,938 11,236-12,078 11,046-12,393 11,156-12,699 12,757-13,407 12,757-13,678 12,867-14,061 13,026-14,392 17,740-18,320 19,361-20,526 19,516-20,045 21,109-21,587 19,189-19,646 20,232-20,851 22,772-23,587 22,739-23,794 22,721-24,091 23,713-23,983 23,826-23,978 23,916-23,981 25,743-26,717 25,823-26,582 25,886-26,648 25,935-26,455 24,267-24,824 24,586-25,821 27,029-27,562 28,759-30,225 29,087-30,470 30,565-31,336 30,432-32,147 30,487-32,632 32,985-33,552 33,409-33,783 31,096-31,827 31,137-32,341 Wavelength o Region (A) 9140-9255 8277-8897 8067-9050 7873-8961 7457-7837 7309-7837 7110-7770 6946-7675 5457-5636 4870-5164 4987-5123 4631-4736 5089-5210 4795-4941 4238-4390 4202-4396 4150-4400 4169-4216 4169-4196 4169-4180 3742-3883 3761-3871 3752-3862 3779-3855 4027-4120 3872-4066 3627-3699 3307-3476 3281-3437 3190-3271 3110-3285 3064-3279 2980-3031 2959-2992 3141-3215 3091-3211

C2 Swan

C2 Swan A3-X3

MgH A CH A

MgH A2-X2 CH A2-X2

CN Vlt

CN Violet B2-X2

CH B MgH B NH OH

CH B2-X2 MgH B2-X2 NH A3-X3 OH A2-X2

CH C

CH C2-X2

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Identications. For the near infrared through 13,500 cm1 (7405 A) the identicalions were taken from Wallace, o Hinkle and Livingston (1993); for 13,500 to 28,000 cm1 (3570 to 7405 A) we used Wallace, Hinkle and o Livingston (1998); and for 28,000 to 33,800 cm1 (2958 to 3570 A) we used Hinkle, Wallace, Valenti and Ayres (2005). We have also made considerable use of the older studies by Moore, Minnaert and Houtgast (1966) and Pierce and Breckinridge (1973). Because of lack of space in the plots we have had to truncate the molecular labels to only the molecule and in most cases used an abbreviation for the transition, e.g., CN Red for CN Red A2X2 and dropped vibrational and rotational assignments completely. For clarication and guidance we have added Table 2 which gives frequency and wavelength limits on the bands included in the plots. These limits only apply to the labeling and not to the inherent extent of the bands. References to individual atoms and molecules, taken largely from our previous work, are as follows. H - Garcia and Mack (1965). Li I - Brault and M uller (1975). C I - Johansson (1966). N I - Eriksson (1958) with Moore (1959). O I - Eriksson and Isberg (1963b and 1967). Na I - Risberg (1956). Mg I - Risberg (1965) and Swensson and Risberg (1966). Mg II - Risberg (1955) and Risberg (1965). Al I - Eriksson and Isberg (1963a). Si I - Radziemski and Andrew (1965), with Lambert and Warner (1968) and Swensson et al. (1970). Si II - Shenstone (1961). S I - Kaufman and Martin (1993). K I - Risberg (1956). Ca I - Risberg (1968), with Mitchell and Mohler (1965) and Moore (1972). Ca II - Edl en and Risberg (1956). Sc I - Ben Ahmed and Verges as reported by Kaufman and Sugar (1988). Sc II - Johansson and Litz en (1980). Ti I - Forsberg (1991) and Phelps (1982). Ti II - Huldt, Johansson, Litzen and Wyart (1982), with Moore (1972). V I - Davis and Andrew (1978). V II - Meggers and Moore (1940). Cr I - Wallace, Hinkle and Livingston (1998) used Kiess (1953) as their primary source but replaced Kiesss material where possible with measures of NSO archival hollow-cathode spectra obtained by Brault and Forsberg to improve the accuracy. The improved measures are what we have used here but a complete, published, remeasurement and analysis is needed.
o

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Cr II - As with Cr I, we have used Kiess(1951) as the primary source, but replaced his line positions with calculated positions from the energy levels given by Sugar and Corliss (1985) which were derived from unpublished line measurements by S. Johansson. Mn I - Catal an, Meggers and Garcia-Riquelme (1964). Mn II - Iglesias and Velasco (1964), as quoted by Kelly (1979), plus Phelps (1982). Fe I - Primarily Nave et al. (1994a) augmented with Nave and Johansson (1993) and Nave et al. (1994b), and extended with Russell and Moore (1944), Kiess, Rubin and Moore (1961)and Phelps (1982). Here we have 4,906 lines labeled as Fe I. Fe II - Dobbie (1938), Johansson (1978) and Moore (1972). Co I - Pickering and Thorne (1996). Co II - Pickering, Raasen, Uylings and Johansson (1998). Ni I - Litz en, Brault and Thorne (1993) and Phelps (1982). Ni II - Shenstone (1970). Cu I - Shenstone (1948). Zn I - Hetzler, Boreman and Burns (1935). Ge I - Andrew and Meissner (1959). Rb I - Johansson (1961). Sr I and II - Moore (1972). Y I - Meggers and Russell (1929) and Phelps (1982). Y II - Nilsson, Johansson and Kurucz (1991). Zr I - Kiess and Kiess (1931) and Phelps (1982). Zr II - Kiess and Kiess (1930) and Phelps (1982). Nb I and II - Humphreys and Meggers (1945). Mo I and II - Moore (1972) and Phelps (1982). Ru I - Kessler (1959). Ru II - Shenstone and Meggers (1958). Rh I - Molnar and Hitchcock (1940). Rh II - Moore (1972). Pd I - Moore (1972). Ag I - Hetzler, Boreman and Burns (1935). Cd I - Hetzler, Boreman and Burns (1935). Sn I - Meggers (1940). Sb I - Meggers and Humphreys (1942). Ba I - Russell and Moore (1955). Ba II - Moore (1972). La II - Russell and Meggers (1932). Ce II - Corliss (1973).

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Nd II - Albertson, Harrison and McNally (1942) and Meggers, Corliss and Scribner (1975). Sm II - King (1935) and Albertson (1936). Eu II - King (1939) and Moore (1972). Gd II - King (1943). Dy II - King, Conway, Worden and Moore (1970). Tm I and II - Meggers, Corliss and Scribner (1975). Yb I and II - Meggers and Corliss (1966). Lu II - Meggers and Scribner (1937). Hf II and W I - Meggers, Corliss and Scribner (1975). Os I, Ir I, Pt I and Au I - Moore (1972). MgH (A2-x2) - Balfour and Cartwright (1976). C Swan (d3-a3) - Prasad and Bernath (1994) and Phillips and Davis (1968).
2

CH (A2-X2) - Zachwieja (1995), Bernath et al. (1991), Kiess and Broida (1956) and Ger o (1941). CH (B2-X2) - K epa et al. (1996), Bernath et al. (1991), and Ger o (1941). CH (C2-X2) - Heimer (1932) and Moore amd Broida (1959). CN Red (A2-X2) - Davis and Phillips (1963). CN Violet (B2-X2) - Rehfuss et al. (1992), Prasad et al. (1992), Engleman (1974) and Brault (unpublished). References Albertson, W., Analysis of the Spectrum of Singly Ionized Samarium, Astrophys. J., 84, 26-72, 1936. Albertson, W. E., G. R. Harrison, and J. R. McNally, Jr., First Spark Spectrum of Neodymium - Preliminary Classication and Zeeman Effect Data, Phys. Rev., 61, 167-174, 1942. Andrew, K. L., and K. W. Meissner, Arc Spectrum of Germanium, J. Opt. Soc. Amer., 49, 146-161, 1959. Balfour, W. J., and H. M. Cartwright, The (A2-x2) System and Dissociation Energy of Magnesium Hydride, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 26, 389-397, 1976. Bernath, P. F., C. R. Brazier, T. Olsen, R. Hailey, W. T. M. L. Fernando, C. Woods and J. L. Hardwick, Spectroscopy of the CH Free Radical, J. Molec. Spectros., 147, 16-26, 1991. Brault, J. W., and E. A. M uller, The Solar Lithium Abundance, Solar Phys., 41, 43-52, 1975. Brault, J., and L. Testerman, Preliminary Edition of Kitt Peak Solar Atlas, unpublished, 1972. Camy-Peyret, C., J.-M. Flaud, J.-Y. Mandin, J.-P. Chevillard, J. Brault, D. A. Ramsay, M. Vervloet and J. Chauville, The High-resolution Spectrum of Water Vapor between 16,500 and 25,250 cm1, J. Molec. Spectros., 113, 208-228, 1985. Catal an, M. A., W. F. Meggers and O. Garcia-Riquelme, The First Spectrum of Manganese, Mn I., J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand., 68A, 9-59, 1964. Corliss, C. H., Wavelengths and Energy Levels of the Second Spectrum of Cerium (Ce II), J. Res. Nat. Bureau Stand., 77A, 419-546, 1973. Davis, D. S., and K. L. Andrew, A Remeasurement of the Photographic Emission Spectrum of Neutral Vanadium (V I), J. Opt. Soc. Amer., 68, 206-235, 1978. Davis, S. P., M. C. Abrams and J. W. Brault, Fourier Transform Spectrometry, Academic Press, San Diego, 2001. Davis, S. P., and J. G. Phillips, The Red System (A2-X2) of the CN Molecule, U. of California Press,

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Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1963. Dobbie, J. C., The Spectrum of Fe II, Ann. Solar Phys. Obs., Cambridge, 5, 1-58, 1938. Edl en, B., The Refractive Index of Air, Metrologia, 2, 71-80, 1966. Edl en, B., and P. Risberg, The Spectrum of Singly-Ionized Calcium, Ca II, Ark. Fys., 10, 553-566, 1956. Engleman, R., Jr., The v=0 and +1 Sequence Bands of the CN Violet System Observed During the Flash Photolysis of BrCN, J. Molec. Spectr., 49, 106-116, 1974. Eriksson, K. B. S., Revised Energy Levels for the Neutral Nitrogen Atom, Ark. Fys., 13, 429-438, 1958. Eriksson, K. B. S., and H. B. S. Isberg, The Spectrum of Atomic Aluminum, Al I, Ark. Fys., 23, 527-541, 1963a. Eriksson, K. B. S., and H. B. S. Isberg, O I Quintet and Triplet Terms Below the Ionization Limit, Ark. Fys., 24, 549-558, 1963b. Forsberg, P., The Spectrum and Term System of Neutral Titanium, Ti I, Phys. Scr., 44, 446-476, 1991. Garcia, J. D., and J. E. Mack, Energy Level and Line Tables for One-Electron Atomic Spectra, J. Opt. Soc. Amer., 55, 654-685, 1965. Ger o, L. Vervollst andigung der Analyse der CH-Banden, Zeit. Phys., 118, 27-36, 1941. Heimer, T., Untersuchung u ber die Kohlenwasserstoffbande 3143, Zeit. Phys., 78, 771-780, 1932. Hetzler, C. W., R. W. Boreman, and K. Burns, The Spectrum of the Zinc Arc in Vacuum, Phys. Rev., 48, 656-659, 1935. o Hinkle, H., L. Wallace, J. Valenti and T. Ayres, Ultraviolet Atlas of the Arcturus Spectrum, 1150-3800 A, Astronomical Society of the Pacic, San Francisco, 2005. Huldt, S., S. Johansson, U. Litzen and J.-F. Wyart, The Spectrum and Term System of Singly Ionized Titanium, Ti II, Phys. Scr., 25, 401-412, 1982. Humphreys, C. J., and W. F. Meggers, Term Analyses of the First Two Spectra of Columbium, J. Res. Nat. Bureau Stand., 34, 477-585, 1945. Iglesias, L., and R. Velasco, Instituto de Optica Daza de Valdes de Madrid, Publ. No. 23, 1964. Johansson, I., Spectra of the Alkali Metals in the Lead-Sulde Region, Ark. Fys., 20, 135-146, 1961. Johansson, L., Spectrum and Term System of the Neutral Carbon Atom, Ark. Fys., 31, 201-235, 1966. Johansson, S., Spectrum and Term System of Fe II, Physica Scripta, 18, 217-265, 1978. Johansson, S., and U. Litzen, The Spectrum of Singly Ionized Scandium, Sc II, Phys. Scr., 22, 49-60, 1980. Kaufman, V., and W. C. Martin, Wavelengths and Energy Level Classications for the Spectra of Sulfur (S I through S XVI), J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 22, 279-375, 1993. Kaufman, V., and J. Sugar, Wavelengths and Energy Level Classications of Scandium Spectra for all Stages of Ionization, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 17, 1679-1789, 1988. Kelly, R. L., Atomic Emission Lines in the Near Ultraviolet; Hydrogen through Krypton, NASA Technical Memorandum 80268, 1979. K epa, R., A. Para, M. Rytel, and M. Zachwieja, New Spectroscopic Analysis of the B2--X2 Band System of the CH Molecule, J. Molec. Spectr., 178, 189-193, 1996. Kessler, K. G., Analysis of the First Spectrum of Ruthenium (Ru I), J. Res. Nat. Bureau Stand., 63A, 213-251, 1959. Kiess, C. C., Description and Analysis of the Second Spectrum of Chromium, Cr II, J. Res. Nat. Bureau Stand., 47, 385-426, 1951. Kiess, C. C., Description and Analysis of the First Spectrum of Chromium, Cr I, J. Res. Nat. Bureau Stand., 51, 247-305, 1953. Kiess, C. C., and H. K. Kiess, The Structure of the Spectrum of Singly Ionized Zirconium, Bureau Stand. J. Res., 5, 1205-1241, 1930. Kiess, C. C., and H. K. Kiess, The Structure of the Arc Spectrum of Zirconium, Bureau Stand. J. Res., 6,

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621-672, 1931. Kiess, C. C., V. C. Rubin, and C. E. Moore, Faint Lines in the Arc Spectrum of Iron (Fe I), Kiess, N. H., and H. P. Broida, Analysis of the (0,1) and (1,2) Bands of the 2-2 System of CH, Astrophys. J., 123, 166-171, 1956. King, A. S., Temperature Classication of Samarium Lines, Astrophys. J., 82, 140-191, 1935. J. Res. Nat. Bureau Stand., 65A, 1-29, 1961. King, A. S., Temperature Classication of Europium Lines, Astrophys. J., 89, 377-430, 1939. King, A. S., Temperature Classication of Gadolinium Lines, Astrophys. J., 97, 323-380, 1943. King, A. S., J. G. Conway, E. F. Worden, and C. E. Moore, Temperature Classication of the Spectra of Dysprosium (Dy I, Dy II), J. Res. Nat. Bureau Stand., 74A, 355-394, 1970. Kurucz, R. L., I. Furenlid, J. Brault and L. Testerman, Solar Flux Atlas from 296 to 1300 nm, National Solar Observatory Atlas No. 1, 1984. Lambert, D. L., and B. Warner, Absorption Lines of Neutral Silicon in the Solar Spectrum, Mon. Not. Roy. Astr. Soc., 139, 35-101, 1968. Litz en, U., J. W. Brault, and A. P. Thorne, Spectrum and Term System of Neutral Nickel, Ni I, Physica Scripta, 47, 628-673, 1993. Livingston, W. C., L. Wallace and O. R. White, Spectral Line Intensity as a Surrogate for Solar Irradiance Variations, Science, 240, 1765-1767, 1988. Meggers, W. F., First Spectrum of Tin, J. Res. Nat. Bureau Stand., 24, 153-173, 1940. Meggers, W. F., and C. H. Corliss, Wavelengths, Intensities, and Zeeman Patterns in Ytterbium Spectra (Yb I, II, III, IV), J. Res. Nat. Bureau Stand., 70A, 63-106, 1966. Meggers, W. F., C. H. Corliss and B. F. Scribner, Tables of Spectral-Line Intensities, Part I - Arranged by Elements, Nat. Bur. Stand. Monograph 145, 1975. Meggers, W. F., and C. J. Humphreys, The First Spectrum of Antimony, J. Res. Nat. Bureau Stand., 28, 463-478, 1942. Meggers, W. F., and C. E. Moore, Description and Analysis of the Second Spectrum of Vanadium (V II), J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand., 25, 83-131, 1940. Meggers, W. F., and H. N. Russell, An Analysis of the Arc and Spark Spectra of Yttrium (Yt I and Yt II), Bureau Stand. J. Res., 2, 733-769, 1929. Meggers, W. F., and B. F. Scribner, Arc and Spark Spectra of Lutecium, J. Res. Nat. Bureau Stand., 19, 31-39, 1937. Mitchell, W. E., jr., and W. C. Livingston, Line-blanketing Variations in the Irradiance Spectrum of the Sun from Maximum to Minimum of the Solar Cycle, Astrophys. J., 372, 336-348, 1991. Mitchell, W. E., jr., and O. C. Mohler, Ca I Lines in Auto-Ionization in the Solar Spectrum, Astrophys. J., 141, 1126-1130, 1965. Molnar, J. P., and W. J. Hitchcock, The Zeeman Effect in the Rhodium Arc Spectrum at High Fields, J. Opt. Soc. Amer., 30, 523-535, 1940. Moore, C. E., A Multiplet Table of Astrophysical Interest, Nat. Bur. Standards Technical Note 36, 1959. Moore, C. E., A Multiplet Table of Astrophysical Interest, Revised Edition, Nat. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., Nat. Bur. Stand., 40, 1972. Moore, C. E., and H. P. Broida, CH in the Solar Spectrum, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand., 63A, 19-53, 1959. o o Moore, C. E., M. G. J. Minnaert and J. Houtgast, The Solar Spectrum 2935A to 8770A, National Bureau of Standards Monograph 61, 1966. Nave, G., and S. Johansson, Highly-Excited Levels of Fe I Obtained from Laboratory and Solar Fourier Transform and Grating Spectra. II. Laboratory and Solar Identications, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl., 102, 269-314, 1993. Nave, G., S. Johansson, R. C. M. Learner, A. P. Thorne, and J. W. Brault, A New Multiplet Table for Fe

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