Pump Magazine Q&A Faq61 70 Faq61 70

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PUMP MAGAZINE: Questions and Answers (61-70) Question #61 Dear S i r , Ia mv e r ym u c hi m p r e s s e dw i t ht h ek i n do fi n f o r m a t i o ny o ua r e p r o v i d i n g .Iw a n tt ok n o wm o r ea b o u th a n d l i n ga b r a s i v e&c o r r o s i v e l i q u i d sl i k eS o a p ,S u r f a c t a n t so rR e s i n s .Iu n d e r s t a n dt h a tt h e r u n n i n gt h ep u m pa ts l o ws p e e dw o u l db eag o o do p t i o n .I si tt r u e t h a tP o s i t i v eD i s p l a c e m e n tL o b ep u m pi sab e t t e ro p t i o n ?C a ny o u t h r o wm o r el i g h to nt h i s ?I tw o u l db ev e r yh e l p f u lf o rm e . T h a n ky o u . R e g a r d s , R a k e s hG u p t a Answer: Dear Rakesh, Generally, Positive Displacement pumps are used for viscous fluids (over approximately 500 cP viscosity), and centrifugals are for low viscosity, although there is an overlapping region, and occasional exceptions to the rule. When abrasives are present things become more difficult, and wear is the main issue. You are very much correct by thinking that slower speed may help. As a rule of thumb, the wear rate is reduced at slower speed, and is a function of approximately RPM3 (cubed). This is why a larger size pump, running slower, is often selected when solids are present. Gear pumps traditionally have not been a good selection for the abrasive pumpages, because their bearings (bushings) are typically in the pumpage and are productlubricated thus wear out fast if abrasives are present. Gears are used for two purposes: to pump the fluid (transfer it from inlet to discharge ports), as well as to transmit torque: a drive gear actually turns the driven (called idler). Lobe pumps are close cousins of gear pumps, but the difference is that the lobes do not actually touch, and torque transmission is done by another set of gears, called timing gears, which are positioned outside pumpage, on the other side of the seals. Thus, the job of the lobes is only to transfer fluid. Because if the fact that lobes do not touch they, in theory, last longer. Incidentally, the non-contacting nature of lobes is also the reason why they are used for food applications, and lobe pumps are often FDA and 3-A approved. However, their bushings, just like in gear pumps, are product lubricated, and will wear out, or get plugged up by solids, similarly to any other pump type that has bushings in the pumpage. A more common pump types, used for solids handling are Progressing Cavity or Peristaltic (Hose), although Hose pumps may not be good for sharp solids (hose gets cut
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up), but very good for softer solids, even at very high concentration. When you have a combination of high viscosity and abrasives, Progressing Cavity pumps could be a good candidates, as long as the temperature is reasonable (200-250 deg. F max. usually). In your case, resins can be pumped well with PC pumps. The disadvantage of PC pumps is size they get to be rather long and take space, but if you have floor room, then not an issue. As a rule of thumb, sizing of a PC pump is 75 psi per stage. If you have a specific application data, feel free to enter it via Application Help section of our Pump Magazine, and we will assist with forwarding it to a qualified pump distributor. For example, a Pumping Solutions company, sells Allweiler Progressing Cavity pumps, that have an added feature of special stator design, allowing higher differential pressure, thus reducing the overall pump size, and increasing its reliability. We will forward your note to them for information and feedback. They handle US sales, as well as international installations. I hope this helps, Dr. Lev Nelik, P.E. Pumping Machinery
Question #62: H e l l o , Article #1 is touching on some interesting points. I find special interest in the second part - talking about recirculation at low flow. I will be grateful for some leads to more information explaining the mechanism of this phenomenon, it's maintenance aspects, ways to discover and assure that this is the main cause. I am a mechanical engineer working at a Power Plant and currently trying to understand and solve repeating frequent maintenance problems (many years old) of Vertical Heater Drain Pumps. Sincerely, Marchel Answer: Dear Marchel, We would be glad to help you with your problems, as we often see similar issues at power plants. One approach is to apply Simsite composite material design impeller, with rings and bushings, - with hydraulics specifically fine-tuned for the current operating conditions. You might have seen the description of this approach in our recent Editorial
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article, as well as in About Us general section. To start, could you send us some more information about your pump: perhaps a sectional drawing, and a performance curve, which should have H-Q information, as well as NPSH, and efficiency lines. We will need these data to evaluate design parameters, such as suction specific speed, recirculation onset parameter, etc., and come with correct hydraulics. We could then help produce the impeller in simsite composite material. With 80% lighter then metal, rated to 400 deg. F (and higher with special grades of simsite), and with tensile strength approaching steel you will have a much more reliable retrofitted pump. Simsite engineered composites are significantly better then metals from the cavitation standpoint, as well as handle to 15% abrasive particulates. Plus, once we optimize the hydraulics, you will see significant efficiency improvements i.e. significant energy savings. We apply this technique for many power plants, as well as chemical plants (excellent resistance to chemicals), paper mills, and refineries. Also, marine and navy pumps are another examples of benefits of composites, since their superior resistance to salt water, brine and brackish water, made them a material of choice for water intake pumps, cooling and recirculating pumps, screen wash, and similar. Looking forward to hear from you, Best regards, Dr. Lev Nelik, P.E. Pumping Machinery
Question #63 Dear Sir, Is it possible to operate one pump in full flow and another one partially using variable frequency drive in parallel operations? Thank you, Nagesh Kumar NPC Company Answer: Two pumps running in parallel do not have to be identical, but the rules constructing the resulting combined curve will still apply. When one of the pumps is controlled by the VFD, its head-capacity curve slides up or down depending on the motor speed, which is changed by the VFD. The combined curve would need to be constructed for a series of such speeds, and the intersection of each combined curve (at various speeds) with the system curve will give you the operating point. You can find more information on the parallel operation via SEARCH function. Some of
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the examples are Articles #8, #13, etc. Pumping Machinery also offers a consulting service to perform this, and similar engineering requests. We would need to get some more details regarding your applications to do that. Regards, Dr. Lev Nelik, P.E. Pumping Machinery
Question #64 Dear Sir

I am from a valve manufacturing company. I need to clarify the following:
1. Whether pre-heating is required for Austenitic Stainless steels. During TIG it is possible but during
gas welding I think without preheating it is not possible to weld. Am I correct? Please explain.
2. What is Sigma Phase in steels? 3. For CA15M (410) casting, if I want to achieve 40 HRC - the heat treatment practice as per standards
is Astonishing the steel to 100 deg Centigrade followed by tempering at a temperature of 300-400 deg Centigrade. But our supplier has given same astonishing temperature but tempering temperature of around 600 deg Centigrade to achieve the hardness valve of 40 HRC. Is it correct?
4. Will double tempering reduce the hardness for the above said material? Thanks & Best Regards S. Jayakanthan Quality Assurance Dresser Valve India Pvt Ltd
We asked our contributor, Stephen Morrow, who is a Global Manager of Materials Technology at ITT Industries to comment:
1) You never preheat an austenitic stainless steel - heating sensitizes it and temperature controls are aimed at minimizing heat effects. 2) Sigma phase is formed between temperature range of 1050F and 1700F and is a brittle phase of iron-chromium-nickel-molybdenum intermetallics that reduce ductility and toughness in a material. It is a brittle intermetallic phase that forms in high chromium stainless alloys. 3) Heat treaters are responsible for meeting hardness requirements - the correct word is austenitizing. Hardness is controlled by tempering after austentization to achieve desired final hardness. 4) Yes - double tempering will reduce hardness. See ASTM A487 temper requirements for
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CA6NM which calls for double temper at 1250F, then final temper at 1100F. As a suggestion, I would recommend a reference book on basic metallurgy. Good start could be ASM handbooks, and a copy of ASM Heat Treaters Guide for heat treatment practices. Stephen J. Morrow Global Manager of Materials Technology ITT Industries Industrial Pump Group
Question #65 Dear Dr. Pump We are using Smith and Loveless vacuum primed centrifugal pumps in our influent lift station. We are experiencing a problem with the vacuum priming system water level. On pump startup water enters a sensing dome and totally fills it. On pump shutdown this dome stays full of water. On the next pumping cycle, the vacuum pump motors over for a short burst and draws water into the vacuum systems line. On each successive cycle water is drawn further up the lines until the total vacuum system is full. In normal operation the water would only rise a small amount into the sensing dome since the sensor probe protrudes down into the volute. On completion of pumping cycle the water would receed into the volute. On next cycle this would repeat. The water level would only increase as the sensing probe became dirty and would not sense liquid at the bottom point of the probe. Thus it gave you time in between senor cleanings. This problem has been occurring since the last upgrade to this station and the increase in pump size and discharge quantity. We have replaced all fittings, tubing, valves and vacuum pumps with no success. Since these sensing probes are located in the low pressure zone of the pumps, could these pumps be too large for the application? We have been in touch with the manufacturer and their local repair service has worked on the system but neither has an answer or fix to the problem. Thank you, Robert L. Challender, Sr. From the Editor: The vacuum primed applications are rather specialized field in the pump world. Editorial Board had some trouble locating a qualified expert to assist with the answer to Roberts question. Surprisingly, even well qualified pump professionals could not comment on this item, due to apparent unfamiliarity with this technology. Yet, once
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we finally got the answer, it became apparent that this method can be applied effectively to many other applications, even outside the traditional waste treatment segment, if proper familiarity and explanation of this technology is presented to the users.
Our search finally ended right where it should have started at the Applications Department of Smith & Loveless Company, a manufacturer of these systems. Dan Fisher and Karen Bowser, both from Smith & Loveless not only provided an answer and pointed to potential pitfalls, but they also provided a picture of a system, with a brief explanation of its operating principle, so that other pump users would benefit from understanding the concept. Dan Fisher and Karen Bowser (Smith & Loveless Inc.) comment: Smith & Loveless falls into the water/wastewater segment; this is our sole area of concentration. However, within that segment Smith & Loveless has enjoyed a strong reputation with respect to its centrifugal pump design and innovation. In addition to our pump, our founders keenly recognized the need for packaged lift stations in wastewater systems, and thus pioneered the factory-built pump station concept. Later developments included the above-grade pump station concept with vacuum-primed wastewater pumps. Let me offer a brief overview of the kind of pump (station) we have been discussing and the use of vacuum-priming used in these applications. Mr. Challender is referring to what is called a Wet Well Mounted Pump Station, which is a lift station containing two to four vertically mounted centrifugal, solids-handling pumps (designed exclusively for domestic sewage). The station base resides above grade, mounted on top of the sewage wet well. All of the pumps, controls, piping and valves also reside above grade and outside of the corrosive wet well, maintaining a safe and clean environment for routine maintenance and inspection. The centrifugal wastewater pumps operate by suction lift or what is called "vacuum-priming". The Vacuum Priming System is a simple process that includes just three basic components: a prime sensor, a solenoid valve, and a vacuum pump, with spare parts replacement kits similar to shown below:
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When the wet well level rises to certain point, the pumps are automatically started (Step 1). If the pump is not already primed, it will require the following two steps. Step 2 When Step 1 occurs and the prime sensor indicates the pump requires priming, the vacuum pump comes on and the solenoid valve opens. The vacuum pump evacuates air from the pump suction line and the pump through the 3/8" diameter vacuum tubing. This causes wastewater to fill the pump volute, cover the seal faces and prime the pump. Step 3 When the prime sensor indicates the pump is primed, the solenoid valve closes, the vacuum pump shuts off and the pump turns on. This is all done in a few moments, simply and reliably. From a totally non-primed condition, the system is designed to prime the pump in about 60 seconds under standard rated conditions. Once the pump is primed, it is designed to stay primed indefinitely. We call it vacuum priming because it uses a small vacuum pump to assist in priming the wastewater pump. Remember, this station sits several feet above the fluid level and thus requires assistance when the pump needs to be primed. That's it. As such, the valve components do require a simple periodic inspection or touch up cleaning. We thank you for contacting us and allowing us to contribute to your online publication. For more information on above grade wastewater pump stations, we invite you to visit our Formula X(tm) Wet Well Mounted Pump Station website. Possible reasons for the encountered problem: We dont know the age or the sizing of the pumps but there are certain items that need to be checked. To start, Mr. Challender mentioned a recent upgrade to the pump. Assuming that they used Smith and Loveless components, the upgrade should not have caused the problem. An increase in pressure (TDH) could magnify an existing problem, but again, should not be the source of the problem. Mr. Challender also mentioned that they had changed many of the components, but have they simply tested for a vacuum leak? An easy way to do this is apply a generous amount
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of shaving cream to all of the connection points while the vacuum pumps are running. Any vacuum leak will be immediately visible, and the connection can be easily repaired.
The next step would be to clean the electrode (sensor probe), but we got the impression that they are cleaning the electrode on a regular basis. The only other component that needs regular attention is the solenoid valve. Any debris in the seat of the solenoid may cause a leak. The stem of the valve needs to be removed and the seat cleaned and inspected. Any wear of the seat would indicate a need to replace the solenoid.
The next item is not a part of routine maintenance, but could be a solution. The electrode relay in the panel may be contributing to the problem. Knowing the age of this system would help, but we currently have a much improved electrode relay. That kit is available from the Smith & Loveless Parts department. This department can be contacted directly at 800-922-9048. I hope that this is of some help, and I would invite Mr. Challender to contact the factory directly if additional assistance is needed. Dan Fisher and Karen Bowser Smith & Loveless Inc.
Q u e s t i o n( a n dc o m m e n t )# 6 6 T h e s ec o m m e n t sa n daq u e s t i o nc a m ef r o mo u rr e a d e ri nr e s p o n s et oa r e c e n ta r t i c l eb yB o bH a r t( P u m pR e l i a b i l i t yW h a tD o e st h i sT e r m M e a nt oY o u ? ,A r t i c l e# 1 8p o s t e di ns e c t i o nT e c h n i c a lA r t i c l e s ) . W ew i l lp o s ta d d i t i o n a lf e e d b a c kf r o mo t h e rr e a d e r si nt h i s s e c t i o n ,a ss u c hf e e d b a c kb e c o m e sa v a i l a b l et ou s .L e tu sh e a ry o u r v i e wo nt h i si m p o r t a n ts u b j e c t . E d i t o r P u m pM a g a z i n e D e a rD r .N e l i k It h a n ky o ua n dM r .H a r tf o rt h es u b j e c tw e l le x p l a i n e di nA r t i c l e # 1 8 Ia l s od oa g r e et h a tt h eE q u i p m e n tR e l i a b i l i t yi sr e s p o n s i b i l i t yo f m u l t i d i s c i p l i n e dt e a mw h i c hs h o u l dm a k ef o r m a l i z e da p p r o a c h c o v e r i n g : 1 )S e l e c t i o no fe q u i p m e n t( e f f e c t i v ed e s i g n ,m a i n t a i n a b i l i t y ,l i f e c y c l ec o s te f f e c t i v e n e s s ) 2 )I n s t a l l a t i o n 3 )O p e r a t i o n a la p p r o a c h ,m o n i t o r i n g( p a r a m e t e r st ob em o n i t o r e d , h o wt om o n i t o r ,a n da s s e s s m e n to fv a l u e si nv i e wo fr e l i a b i l i t y
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f o l l o w e db yc o s te f f e c t i v er e m e d i a lm e a s u r e ) 4 )M a i n t e n a n c e-a p p l i c a b l em a i n t e n a n c es t r a t e g y ,b e n c h m a r k i n g , i n v e n t o r yc o n t r o la n da l lo t h e ra s s o c i a t e da c t i v i t i e s .T oh a v ea n e f f e c t i v ef u n c t i o n i n go fs u c ht e a m ,al e a d e ri sr e q u i r e d .M y p e r s o n a lv i e wi sM a i n t e n a n c es h o u l db et h el e a d e r .T h i si sb e c a u s e t h ed e f i n i t i o no fM a i n t e n a n c e ,i nm yv i e w ,i s : Ac o n j u n c t i o no f a d m i n i s t r a t i v ea n dt e c h n i c a la c t i o n s ,w h i c ha r er e q u i r e dt or e v i v e a ni t e mo rk e e pa ni t e mi nas t a t ea tw h i c hi tc a np r o v i d ed e s i r e d s e r v i c ea se x p e c t e db yu s e r . Iw o u l dl i k ey o ut oc o m m e n to nt h i s . R e g a r d s , S o u r a vK u m a rC h a t t e r j e e M a n a g e rR o t a t i n gE q u i p m e n t H P C L ,M u m b a i ,I n d i a
Question #67 Dear Sir, The 33 TPh, 63 ata boiler is having a Boiler feed pump of capacity 41 TPH and 92 ata. It is a directly coupled pump to 200 kW Induction motor. The output is being throttled with a control valve and for lower flow the water being recirculated through Deaerator. The pressure drop across the pump is 25 ata. And there is minimum of 9 ata pressure drop across the control valve due to valve design. My question is: a) Providing Variable speed drive (VFD) would be appropriate for the system to save energy? Whether the control valve to be retained or suitably modified. b) At lower load i.e. during start up the water feeding to the boiler is low, hence recirculation would be more. Will the VFD will take care of the for low flow requirement? Regards, Dwajan, Power Plant, India A n s w e r :D e a rD w a j a n : T h e r ea r et w ow a y st or e d u c ep u m pf l o w :e i t h e rb yt h r o t t l i n go fa d i s c h a r g ev a l v e ,o rb yc h a n g i n gas p e e db yas p e e dc o n t r o l l e r ,s u c h a sV F D .T h ef i r s tm e t h o di si n e f f i c i e n tb u ts i m p l e .W h e nc h a n g i n ga p u m ps p e e df l o w ,h e a da n dp o w e rc h a n g ei na c c o r d a n c ew i t h a f f i n i t yl a w s :f l o wc h a n g e si nd i r e c tp r o p o r t i o nt os p e e d ,h e a da s as q u a r eo fs p e e d ,a n dp o w e ra sc u b eo fs p e e d . Y o un e e dt oc o n s t r u c tap u m pc u r v ea n das y s t e mc u r v e ,a n ds e e w h e r et h e s ei n t e r s e c tt h a tw o u l db ey o u ro p e r a t i n gp o i n t .S y s t e m
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c u r v es h o u l da c c o u n tf o rf r i c t i o nl o s s e sa sw e l la ss t a t i ch e a d . Y o us h o u l dd ot h a ta ts e v e r a ls p e e d st om a k es u r ey o ua l w a y sh a v e e n o u g hp u m ph e a dt oo v e r c o m es y s t e mr e s i s t a n c e . T a k eal o o ka ts e v e r a lo t h e rq u e s t i o n sa n da r t i c l e st h a tw eh a v ea t v a r i o u ss e c t i o n sw i t h i nP u m pM a g a z i n eu s i n gS e a r c hf u n c t i o n . I fy o uf i n dt h a ty o ua r eu s i n gl e s sf l o wt h e nr e q u i r e d ,a n da l w a y s b y p a s s ,t h e ne v e naV F Dm a yn o tb et h ea n s w e r .I ns u c hc a s e ,y o u m i g h tb ew a s t i n gal o to fe n e r g y ,a n ds h o u l dc o n s i d e ran e w i m p e l l e r ,d e s i g n e df o rl o w e rf l o w ,s ot h a ti t sB E Pp o i n ti s h y d r a u l i c a l l ys h i f t e d .W ec a np r o v i d es u c ha n a l y s i sf o ry o u rp u m p a n ds y s t e mi fy o ul i k e . R e g a r d s , D r .L e vN e l i k ,P . E . P u m p i n gM a c h i n e r y Question #68 Dr. Pump, I just recently purchased an old cabin in the mountains of PA. The well in which we get water is approx. two hundred feet plus (200'+) deep. The pump that is there has the Goulds name on it and as near as I can tell is what is known as a reciprocating pump. It has an electric motor mounted on top of it (which may or may not be the way it was meant to operate). There are varies lengths of wooden rods to get to water, each rod has metal ends with male or female treads that are riveted to the wood. My question is this can you tell me the era of this pump, its worth (it does work every well), the operation of it, how to maintain it, and what I could replace it with if I would need to? I thank you in advance for a quick and timely response. Stephanie Abel Pennsylvania Answer: Dear Stephanie, It sounds like you have a relic. Dont laugh! some people actually collect really old pumps, and in my own days at Goulds in Seneca Falls I recall we had an old Goulds pump mounted at the corporate lobby, displaying it proudly to the visitors. Some of these old pumps are still installed and work. I doubt, however, you will find any spare parts, and would need to buy a more modern pump from Goulds and any other pump company that sells deep well pumps, - or work with your local mechanic that takes it as a personal hobby to play with antiques. The wooden rods, for example, is clearly something dating way back. You may want to note the serial number, pump model, and any other information you may still have with a pump or any manuals that miraculously might still be at the attic. (Unfortunately, sometimes it is only possible when the pump is actually pulled up), and which time the installer is already working on a new pump for you!).
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What I suggest you do is this: look up a local pump distributor in your Yellow Pages. Pump wells is a big thing in Pennsylvania, and you should be able to find one easily, - there should be several listed for your area. They will ask you the well size and how much water is there. They will then quote you a deep well pump, with a motor. They normally also install it. The whole thing should cost you, as a guess, between $500 and $1,000. But do not let go your old pump! Goulds marketing people might be willing to get it from you for their promotionals, and the next thing you know you will inherit a small fortune from Goulds! You never know: you might have struck oil even with a water well! Regards, Dr. Lev Nelik, P.E. Pumping Machinery W eh a v ea l s oo b t a i n e da d d i t i o n a lf e e d b a c kf r o mG o u l d sP u m p s M a r k e t i n gg r o u p ,W a t e rS y s t e m sD i v i s i o n .G e o r g eS t r a l l yk i n d l y p r o v i d e dt h i sn o t e : D e a rS t e p h a n i e , T h eG o u l d sp u m py o ud e s c r i b ei sav e r yo l d" w o r k i n gh e a d "o r" p u m p h e a d "w i t hap u m pc y l i n d e r ,a . k . a . ,aw o r k i n gb a r r e li nt h ew a t e r . T h er o d st r a n s m i te n e r g yt ot h ep u m pc y l i n d e r . M a n yo ft h i ss t y l e p u m pw e r eo p e r a t e db yw i n d m i l l s ,t r a c t o rp o w e rt a k e o f f sa n ds t e a m o rg a s o l i n ee n g i n e s .T h e yw e r ep r o d u c e df r o mt h el a t e1 8 0 0 ' su n t i l t h e1 9 4 0 ' sw h e nt h e yw e r ed i s p l a c e db ye l e c t r i cm o t o rd r i v e n s u b m e r s i b l ep u m p s . T h ep u m pc y l i n d e rh a sp a c k i n g sa n dc h e c kv a l v e st oa l l o ww a t e ri n t o t h ec y l i n d e ra n dt ok e e pw a t e rf r o mf l o w i n gb a c ki n t ot h ew e l lw h e n t h ep i s t o ni ss t r o k e du pa n dd o w nv i at h er o d s .T h i su pa n dd o w n m o v e m e n to ft h ec y l i n d e ri sap o s i t i v ed i s p l a c e m e n tp u m p , b a s i c a l l y ,e a c hs t r o k eo ft h ep i s t o nm o v e sav o l u m eo fw a t e ru pa d i s t a n c ee q u a lt ot h ev o l u m e( l e n g t h )o ft h es t r o k e . W eh a v eh a d n op a r t sa v a i l a b l ef o rt h i ss t y l ep u m ps i n c et h e1 9 4 0 ' so rm a y b e 1 9 5 0 ' s . Ij u s tc o m p l e t e d3 1y e a r so fe m p l o y m e n ta tG o u l d sP u m p s a n dIh a v es e e nt h e mo n l yi no l dc a t a l o g sa n ds e r v i c em a n u a l s . U n f o r t u n a t e l y ,w eh a v en oe l e c t r o n i cf i l e sf o rt h eo l dp u m p sw h i c h Ic a ne m a i lb u tIc a nm a i lo rf a xc o p i e so fo l dc a t a l o gp a g e si f y o ud e s i r e . Am o d e ln u m b e ro rp a t t e r nn u m b e rf r o mt h ep u m pw o u l d b eh e l p f u l ,f o ra2 0 0 'w e l lm yg u e s si sa1 4 5 4o r1 5 1 8f r o ma1 9 1 0 c a t a l o g . Ih a v en oi d e ao fi t sv a l u e . I fs o m e o n eh a san e e df o rw a t e ri na n a r e aw h e r et h e r ei sn oe l e c t r i cs e r v i c ei tw o u l db em o r ev a l u a b l e t h a nw h e r et h e r ei sp o w e ra v a i l a b l e . Ih a v ea t t a c h e dab r o c h u r e s h o w i n go u rm o s tp o p u l a r4 "d i a m e t e rs u b m e r s i b l ep u m ps e r i e s ,t h e
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G Sa sw e l la ss o m et e c h n i c a ld a t aa n dI n s t a l l a t i o nm a n u a l sf o r s u b m e r s i b l e sa n ds t o r a g et a n k s .T h e ya l lo p e nw i t hA c r o b a tR e a d e r . W es u g g e s ty o uc o n t a c tal o c a lG o u l d sP u m p sd e a l e rt h r o u g ht h e Y e l l o wP a g e so rw e b s i t ef o rf i r s th a n da s s i s t a n c e . G o u l d sP u m p s s e l l so n l yt h r o u g ht h eP r o f e s s i o n a lS a l e sC h a n n e l .S e e : w w w . g o u l d s . c o m .f o rad e a l e rl o c a t o ra n dp r o d u c ti n f o r m a t i o n . R e g a r d sa n dG o o dL u c k , G e o r g eS t r a l l y I T TG o u l d sP u m p ,W a t e rS y s t e m sD i v i s i o n
Q u e s t i o n# 6 9S a l u d o sD r .P u m p , M ep o d r i ae x p l i c a re lp u n t o5 . 1 . 1 0d el a sn o r m a sA P I6 1 0r e f e r e n t e a lN P S H R . P E D R OT O L E D O Answer: Dear Pedro, Unfortunately my Spanish is not good. I think your question relates to NPSHR as addressed by the API specification. Which API Edition do you have? The latest is 9th, although most people still use 8th. Actually, the 10th Edition is being released as we speak. I also recommend you use SEARCH function on our web, and search for words like NPSH, Cavitation, Suction, etc. you may find many references and explanations that might explain your question. Again, sorry for my Spanish language limitations. Regards (Salutos!?), Dr. Lev Nelik, P.E., Apics Pumping Machinery
Q u e s t i o n# 7 0 Ih a v eaq u e r yo np u m pc u r v e s .W eh a v eaS u l z e rm u l t i s t a g e c e n t r i f u g a lp u m p .I ' mt r y i n gt od e t e r m i n et h ep e r f o r m a n c eo ft h e p u m pu s i n gt h ep u m pc u r v ep r o v i d e db yt h em a n u f a c t u r e r . U n f o r t u n a t e l y ,b a s e do nm yc a l c u l a t i o n s ,t h ep u m ph e a da n dt h ef l o w r a t ed on o tf i tw i t ht h ec u r v e .Ih a v et a k e ni n t oc o n s i d e r a t i o nt h e

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v e l o c i t yh e a d ,t h ef r i c t i o nl o s s e sa n de l e v a t i o nh e a d . F o r m u l au s e d :T o t a lH e a d=T o t a lD i s c h a r g eH e a d-S u c t i o nH e a d . I st h e r es o m e t h i n ge l s eI ' mm i s s i n go u tt h a ti ss h o w i n gt h i s d i f f e r e n c e ?I na c t u a lp e r f o r m a n c eI ' mg e t t i n g3 2 5m 3 / h rb u tb a s e d o nt h ec u r v ei ts h o u l db ea b o u t3 7 5m 3 / h r . F Y I ,b a s e do ni n f o r m a t i o n7y e a r sa g oa n dc o m p a r i n gt h ed i s c h a r g e p r e s s u r ea n df l o wr a t e ,I ' ma b l et og e tt h i ss a m en u m b e r s c u r r e n t l y ,b u th o wc o m ew i t ht h ec a l c u l a t i o nm e t h o dI ' mn o ta b l et o d os o .O nt h eo t h e rh a n d ,w i t hr e s p e c tt oi n s t r u m e n t a t i o n c a l i b r a t i o n ,t h e ya r ef a i r l ya c c u r a t e :m a yb et h ep r e s s u r er e a d i n g c o u l db ea b o u t0 . 2t o0 . 3b a rd i f f e r e n c ew h i l et h ef l o wr a t ec o u l d b eo f fb ya b o u t1 0 m 3 / h r . C o u l di tb et h a tt h ec u r v ep r o v i d e db yt h em a n u f a c t u r e ri sb a s e do n t e s tc o n d i t i o n sa n dc o u l dn o tb ea p p l i e di na c t u a lc o n d i t i o n s ? L o o kf o r w a r dt oh e a rf r o my o u . T h a n k s , M i c h a e l A n s w e r :M i k e ,-p u m pm a n u f a c t u r e r su s u a l l yt e s tc e n t r i f u g a l p u m p so nw a t e r ,a n dt h i si sw h a tc u r v e sr e f l e c t .I fy o ua r ep u m p i n g c o l dw a t e r ,y o us h o u l dg e tr o u g h l yt h es a m er e s u l t s .U s eo u rS E A R C H f u n c t i o na n dt y p ei nak e yw o r ds u c ha s" p e r f o r m a n c e "o r" c u r v e s " o r" h e a d "e t c .-t h e r ea r em a n ya r t i c l e sa n dd i s c u s s i o nt o p i c st h a t w o u l dp o pu pw h i c hh a v et od ow i t hd e f i n i t i o n s .C h e c kt h e s eo u t f i r s t .I fs t i l lt r o u b l e ,w em a yn e e dt ot a k eac l o s e rl o o ka ty o u c u r v e s ,d a t a ,g a g el o c a t i o n s ,e t c . R e g a r d s , D r .L e vN e l i k ,P . E . ,A p i c s P r e s i d e n t P u m p i n gM a c h i n e r y F o l l o w u pq u e s t i o n :D r .N e l i k , Iw o u l dl i k et oc l a r i f yf o rt h ec o n d e n s a t ep u m ps u c t i o ns i d e ,w o u l d w en e e dt oc o n s i d e rt h ea m b i e n tp r e s s u r et h e ns t a r td e d u c t i n go f f t h ee l b o wf r i c t i o nl o s s ,b u ta d dt h es t a t i ch e i g h ta n dn o t f o r g e t t i n gt od e d u c tt h ev a p o u rp r e s s u r e .H e r ea tt h eh o t w e l l / c o n d e n s e ri t ' sac l o s e dv e s s e l .I st h i st h er i g h ta p p r o a c h ?A t p r e s e n tIh a v en o tt a k e ni n t oa c c o u n ta m b i e n tp r e s s u r ea ts u c t i o n s i d e . T h a n k s , M i c h a e l
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M i k e , N P S H Am e a n sn e tp o s i t i v es u c t i o nh e a da v a i l a b l e .I ti ss o m e t i m e s c o n f u s i n g .T h ew o r d" n e t "i sm e a n tt oi m p l yt h es u c t i o nh e a d " a b o v e "t h ev a p o rp r e s s u r e( e x p r e s s e di nf e e t( o rm e t e r si fi n m e t r i cu n i t s ) ) .W h a tm a t t e r st ot h ep u m pi sw h a tg o e so nr i g h ta t t h ei n l e t .S a yy o uh a v eav e s s e lw i t h2 0f e e to fw a t e ra b o v et h e i m p e l l e r( f i s ts t a g ei fv e r t i c a lm u l t i s t a g ep u m p )c e n t e r l i n e .S a y t h ev e s s e li so p e nt oa t m o s p h e r e ,w h i c hi s1 4 . 7p s io r3 4f e e t .S o -y o uh a v e2 0 + 3 4=5 4f e e ts u c t i o nh e a d-s of a r( w ea r en o t f i n i s h e dy e t ) .N o w-t h ef l o wf l o w sf r o mt h et a n kt ot h ep u m p .S a y t h ef r i c t i o nl o s s e s( e l b o w s ,b e n d s ,f i l t e r s ,v a l v e s ,e t c . )a m o u n t t o1 0f e e to fh y d r a u l i cl o s s e s .N o wy o ug o t5 4-1 0=4 4f e e tl e f t . N e x t-w h a ti sv a p o rp r e s s u r e ?F o rc o l dw a t e r ,i ti su s u a l l y0 . 3 4 p s i ,o ra b o u t0 . 8f e e t . S on o w :N P S H A=4 4-0 . 8=4 3 . 2f e e t . I fy o u rt a n ki sc l o s e da n du n d e rs o m ev a c u u m ,t h e nt h ep r e s s u r eo n i t sw a t e rs u r f a c ei sn o t3 4f e e t ,b u ts o m e t h i n gl e s s-s a yi ti s o n l y5f e e t . T h e n ,N P S H A=2 0+5-1 0-0 . 8=1 4 . 2f e e t N o w ,s a yy o u rc o n d e n s a t ei sn o tc o l d ,b u ta ta b o u t2 0 0d e g . F .A t t h a tt e m p e r a t u r et h ev a p o rp r e s s u r ei sh i g h e rt h e nf o rc o l dw a t e r . S a yt h eh o tw a t e rv a p o rp r e s s u r ei s4p s i a( o ra b o u t9f e e t )( Ia m j u s tg u e s s i n ga tn u m b e r sh e r e ,b u ty o us h o u l du s er e a lv a l u e s ) .N o w y o us u b t r a c tt h e s e9f e e t ,w h i c hw i l ll e a v ey o uw i t hl e s sN P S H A t h e ni fi tw a sc o l dw a t e r .A l s od on o tf o r g e ts p e c i f i cg r a v i t y ( w h i c hm a yb el e s st h e n1 . 0f o rh o tw a t e r ) . Ih o p et h i sh e l p s . R e g a r d s , L e vN e l i k H e l l oD r .N e l i k , T h a n k sf o rt h er e p l y .G e t sm yu n d e r s t a n d i n gc l e a r e r . M i c h a e l CLICK HERE TO SUBMIT YOUR QUESTION B a c kt om a i nQ & AL i s t B a c kt oP U M PM A G A Z I N EP a g e
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Question #64 Dear Sir

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