EMERGING ROLES OF PROFESSIONALS

I.

Continuous Quality Improvement

Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) represents an ongoing effort to improve in a step by step fashion. CQI involves the application of constant evaluation with the intent of improving efficiency, effectiveness and flexibility. CQI emphasizes incremental continuous steps rather than big changes and re uires a commitment to reflection. !hrough CQI initiatives organizations are able to identify, reduce and eliminate the suboptimal and find better alternatives. !he four "ey elements of CQI are# problem solving, interpersonal s"ills, teamwor" and a uality improvement process. $ne of the most attractive features of CQI is that it re uires the involvement of %&& members of the institutional wor"force. 'ichener staff, faculty and students are continually encouraged to ta"e ownership and see" ways of improving their performance and the products, services and processes they provide. Core Concepts# Quality is defined as meeting and(or exceeding the expectations of our customers )uccess is achieved through meeting the needs of customers 'ost problems are found in processes, not in people. CQI does not see" to blame, but rather to improve processes Improvement is through small, incremental changes using the scientific method Continuous improvement is most effective when it becomes a natural part of the way everyday wor" is done Ambulatory Care

%mbulatory care is a type of medical care which is provided to patients who do not need to be admitted to a hospital for treatment. !he types of procedures and treatments offered in ambulatory care are sometimes referred to as *outpatient care.+ %s the *ambulatory+ in *ambulatory care+ would seem to suggest, classically the patient can get into a medical facility for treatment under his or her own power. 'any hospitals provide ambulatory care in their emergency rooms for patients who can be treated without being admitted, such as a child with a simple bro"en arm. ,rgent care clinics, optometrist-s offices, and doctor-s offices also provide ambulatory care. In all of these cases, the patient-s medical treatment does not re uire hospitalization. 'any chronic conditions can be managed with regular ambulatory care appointments, as for example when an asthma patient goes to the doctor for a chec"up. .asic diagnostic tools including x/rays, ultrasounds, some biopsies, and blood samples can also be utilized in ambulatory care to diagnose or manage a medical condition III. eam Coalition buil!in"

0ith good team/building s"ills, you can unite employees around a common goal and generate greater productivity. 0ithout them, you limit yourself and the staff to the effort each individual can ma"e alone. !eam building is an ongoing process that helps a wor" group evolve into a cohesive unit. !he team members not only share expectations for accomplishing group tas"s, but trust and support one another and respect one another-s individual differences. 1our role as a team builder is to lead your team toward cohesiveness and productivity. % team ta"es on a life of its own and you have to regularly nurture and maintain it, 2ust as you do for individual employees. % coalition occurs when members of a group organize to support their side of a particular issue. %nother definition refers to a coalition as a relationship over a specific issue. Coalitions exist to preserve and even enhance self/interests, whether those of an individual or group, and achieve an ade uate balance of power favorable to the coalition membersadvantage. % more complete definition is a

II.

group formed to pursue a strategy that will be to the advantage of those most directly affected. !eam building leads to# 3ood communications with participants as team member and individuals Increase productivity, problem solving creativity, and

I#.

Corporate Pra$ti$e

vs.

In!epen!ent

'embers motivated to achieve goals 4igh levels of trust and support 5iverse members wor"ing well together and meet the ob2ectives

Characteristic found in most coalitions# 'embers acts as a group !hey are formed for a specific purpose and goal oriented !hey contain individuals group of interacting

Corporations are form of business organization that are given many legal rights as an entity separate from its owners and is commissioned by the state. !his form of business is characterized by its owner9s limited obligation, the issuance of shares of easily transferable stoc" and the existence as a going concern. Incorporation is the process of becoming a corporation6 in which it gives the company separate legal standing from its owners and protects those owners from being personally responsible in cases that the company is sued. )uch process also provides companies with a more adaptable way to manage their tenure.

!hey have no formal structure6 dynamic 7erception of membership is mutual among members #. Poli$y Ma%in" an! A$uity

)igns of need for team building 5ecreased productivity Conflicts or members hostility among staff

Confusion about assignments, missed signals, and unclear relationship 5ecision misunderstood or not carried through properly %pathy and lac" of involvement &ac" of initiation, imagination, innovation Complaint of discrimination or favoritism Ineffective staff meetings, low participation, minimally effective decisions 8egative reaction to the leader

7ublic policy refers to the actions ta"en by government : its decisions that are intended to solve problems and improve the uality of life for its citizens. %t the federal level, public policies are enacted to regulate industry and business, to protect citizens at home and abroad, to aid state and city governments and people such as the poor through funding programs, and to encourage social goals. % policy established and carried out by the government goes through several stages from inception to conclusion. !hese are agenda building, formulation, adoption, implementation, evaluation, and termination. %cuity provides the combination of valid and reliable content and flexibility that focuses on the strategies that is most effective in the improvement of the company.

#I.

Mana"ement

'anagement is the systematic process of activities of a business in which it is organized and coordinated in order to achieve set goals and ob2ectives. %ccording to the study entitled *'anagement in 4ealthcare# 0hy good practice really matters+ (5organ, &ayton, .loom, 4om"es, )adun, ; <an =eenen, >?@?) management in the hospital setting is dictated by the uality of patient care given and the productivity outcomes li"e a decrease in mortality rate. Aurthermore, this study indicates that with the aid of management practices improves the uality of management in the hospital setting, increases the standard of the institution. 'anagement improves the uality of care catered by health institutions by means of issuing guidelines to attain and maintain the flow of managing the institution.

O#ER#IE& OF 'E 'EAL ' ECONOMIC S A (S IN 'E P'ILIPPINES

!he rise in non/communicable diseases along with the existing prevalence of infectious diseases indicates the 7hilippines is in an epidemiologic transition characterized by a double burden of disease. !his disease pattern indicates that even as degenerative diseases and other lifestyle/related illnesses are increasing, communicable diseases are still widely prevalent. !here is a slowing trend of reduction in child mortality, maternal mortality, as well as other indicators. !his may be attributable to the poor health status of lower income population groups and less developed regions of the country. $f grave national and international concern is the relatively high maternal mortality ratio of @F> per @?? ??? live births 3iven this figure, it is unli"ely that the >?@E target will be met for the 'illennium 5evelopment 3oals ('53), which is to reduce maternal mortality ratio by three/ uarters. !he '53 targets for under/E mortality and infant mortality are @I.? and @D.? deaths per @??? live births, respectively. !he downward trend appears to show that the '53 targets are achievable. II. *ey In!i$ators o+ 'ealt, Status in t,e P,ilippines @. &ife Bxpectancy It is the measure of average number of years a person would live. In %sia, there is a remar"able decrease in the mortality of all ages and the factors attributed to this reduction includes rising of living standards, better nutrition, water and sanitation, improvement of lifestyle and greater access to uality health services. 'ale# FG.D6 Aemale# C@.C

I.

Early )evelopment

7hilippine health status indicators show that the country lags behind most of )outh/Bast and 8orth %sia in terms of health outcomes. 0hile rapid improvements were seen during the last three decades, these have slowed in recent years. 0omen tend to live longer than men by five years, while average life expectancy at birth for both sexes was about C> years in >??C. !here are also variations in pro2ected life expectancy at birth across different regions. !he life expectancy shows reflect to the difficult living conditions brought by armed conflict, poverty, poor nutrition and lac" of health care. In @DDD, the 5%&B for Ailipinos was approximately EC years for men and F@ years for women6 in >??C, the 4%&B was ED years for men and FG years for women. .oth disability/ ad2usted life expectancy (5%&B) and health/ ad2usted life expectancy (4%&B) are measures of the e uivalent number of years expected to be lived in full health. %s of >??E, the leading cause of death in the 7hilippines is heart disease, with rates steadily rising from C? per @?? ??? population in @DDC, to D? per @?? ??? population followed by vascular diseases and malignant neoplasms (or cancer). Communicable diseases continue to be ma2or causes of morbidity and mortality in the 7hilippines. !he 8ational 8utrition and 4ealth )urvey in >??H/>??G revealed the prevalence rates of ris" factors for cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease, stro"e and peripheral arterial disease.

>. Infant 'ortality It is the total number of children who dies before his(her first birthday per @??? live births. Causes of many deaths include diarrhea, pneumonia and under nutrition of both mother and the infant. >H infants die per @??? live births

H. ,nder/E 'ortality !he probability of children who dies before reaching their fifth birthday per @??? live births. >D children die per @??? live birth

7iped water, public taps, boreholes and protected dug wellsor springs are the sources of an improved drin"ing water. 5rin"ing water# piped# GH6 other improved# E? )anitation#CGJ

G. 'ortality from %ll Cases !he total number of death in a year divided by the estimated mid/year population. 'ost common causes include non/communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancers. IIE people die per @????? population

@?. )mo"ing and %lcohol )mo"ers# male#HIJ6 female# IJ %lcohol#GHJ

III. 'ealt, Se$tor Re+orm A"en!a / describes the ma2or strategies, organizational and policy changes and public investments needed to improve the way health care is delivered, regulated, and financed. It consists of five interrelated health reform areas# @. &ocal health systems development L 7romote the development of local health systems where networ"ing among municipal and provincial health facilities are functional and sustained by cooperation and cost sharing among local government units (&3,s) in the catchment area. >. 4ospital reforms L 7rovide fiscal and managerial autonomy to government hospitals, which involves improving the way hospitals are governed and financed so that uality of care is improved, hospital operations are cost efficient, revenues are enhanced and retained, and dependence on direct budget subsidies are reduced. H. 7ublic health program reforms L )trengthen the capacity of the 5$4 to exercise technical leadership in disease prevention and control6 enhance the effectiveness of local public health delivery systems6 and sustain funding for priority public health programs over a period re uired to remove them as public health threats. G. 4ealth regulatory reforms L )trengthen capacities of 5$4 to exercise its regulatory functions to ensure that health products (particularly pharmaceuticals), devices, and facilities are safe, affordable, and of good uality.

E. =eproductive 4ealth !he percentage of women who are using at least one method of contraception in women @E/GD years old. E@ women uses contraceptive methods

F. &ow .irth weight %ccording to 04$, the percentage of low birth weight includes infants weighing less than >E?? grams or E.E pounds per total live birth >@.> percent of newborn weighs less than >E??g

C. .reastfeeding !he percentage of infants that consume exclusive breastmil". HEJ

I. ,nderweight and $verweight ,ses .'I as a way to measure the status of a person. ,nderweight# maleK@@6 femaleK@G $verweight# maleK>@6 femaleK>C

D. 0ater and )anitation

E. )ocial health insurance reforms L Bxpand the coverage and enhance the benefit pac"age of 84I7 so as to effectively reduce the financial burden to individual families through effective ris" pooling, and provide the 84I7 greater leverage to ensure value for money in benefit spending.