PHYS-1401: College Physics-I CRN 55178 Khalid Buha!

i H"-8
H#$%"#RK PR#B&%$S Cha'(e! 8: R#)*)I#N*& %+,I&IBRI,$ *N-
R#)*)I#N*& -YN*$ICS
P*R)-*: Ha.d i. you! a.s/e!s i. class o. sca.(!o. o. $o.day 08 No0e12e!-30104 "!i(e
you! .a1e5 class 614017 a.d H" 8 8 o. (he sca.(!o.4
1. * /!e.ch 04500 1 lo.g is a''lied (o a .u( /i(h a 9o!ce o9 8040 N4 Because o9 (he c!a1'ed
s'ace5 (he 9o!ce 1us( 2e e:e!(ed u'/a!d a( a. a.gle o9 ;040< /i(h !es'ec( (o a li.e 9!o1 (he 2ol(
(h!ough (he e.d o9 (he /!e.ch4 Ho/ 1uch (o!=ue is a''lied (o (he .u(> 6a7 ?44; N @ 1 627 445;
N @ 1 6c7 1148 N @ 1 6d7 1443 N @ 1 6e7 3040 N @ 1
( ) ( ) ( ) sin 0.500 m 80.0 N sin 60.0 36.4 N m rF
which is choice (a).
2. * ho!iAo.(al 'la. 4400 1 lo.g a.d ha0i.g 1ass 3040 g !es(s o. (/o 'i0o(s5 o.e a( (he le9(
e.d a.d a seco.d 1400 1 9!o1 (he !igh( e.d4 Bi.d (he 1ag.i(ude o9 (he 9o!ce e:e!(ed o. (he
'la. 2y (he seco.d 'i0o(4 6a7 ?340 N 627 4543 N 6c7 113 N 6d7 1?1 N 6e7 C843 N
Using the left end of the plank as a pivot and requiring that
0 gives
( ) ( )
2
2.00 m 3.00 m 0 mg F +
, or
( ) ( )
2
2
2 20.0 kg 9.80 m s
2
131 N
3 3
mg
F
so choice (d) is the correct response.
3. "ha( is (he 1ag.i(ude o9 (he a.gula! accele!a(io. o9 a 3540-g dis o9 !adius 04800 1 /he. a
(o!=ue o9 1ag.i(ude 4040 N @ 1 is a''lied (o i(> 6a7 3450 !adDs
3
627 5400 !adDs
3
6c7 7450 !adDs
3
6d7
1040 !adDs
3
6e7 1345 !adDs
3
Assuming a uniform, solid disk, its moment of inertia about a perpendicular axis through its center is
2
2 I MR
, so I gives
( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 40.0 N m
2
5.00 rad s
25.0 kg 0.800 m
MR

and the correct answer is (b).
4. %s(i1a(e (he !o(a(io.al i.e(ic e.e!gy o9 %a!(h 2y (!ea(i.g i( as a solid s'he!e /i(h u.i9o!1
de.si(y4 6a7 ? E 10
3C
g @ 1
3
Ds
3
627 5 E 10
37
g @ 1
3
Ds
3
6c7 7 E 10
?0
g @ 1
3
Ds
3
6d7 4 E 10
38
g @
1
3
Ds
3
6e7 3 E 10
35
g @ 1
3
Ds
3

For a uniform, solid sphere,
2
2 5 I MR
and
5
4
2 rad 1 d
7.27 10 rad s
1 d 8.64 10 s
E

_


,
so
( ) ( )
( )
2
24 6
2
2 5
2 5.98 10 kg 6.38 10 m
1 1
7.27 10 rad s
2 2 5
r E
KE I

_




,
yielding
29
3 10 J
r
KE
, making (a) the correct choice.
1
PHYS-1401: College Physics-I CRN 55178 Khalid Buha!i H"-8
5. )/o 9o!ces a!e ac(i.g o. a. o2Fec(4 "hich o9 (he 9ollo/i.g s(a(e1e.(s is co!!ec(> 6a7 )he
o2Fec( is i. e=uili2!iu1 i9 (he 9o!ces a!e e=ual i. 1ag.i(ude a.d o''osi(e i. di!ec(io.4 627 )he
o2Fec( is i. e=uili2!iu1 i9 (he .e( (o!=ue o. (he o2Fec( is Ae!o4 6c7 )he o2Fec( is i. e=uili2!iu1 i9
(he 9o!ces ac( a( (he sa1e 'oi.( o. (he o2Fec(4 6d7 )he o2Fec( is i. e=uili2!iu1 i9 (he .e( 9o!ce
a.d (he .e( (o!=ue o. (he o2Fec( a!e 2o(h Ae!o4 6e7 )he o2Fec( ca..o( 2e i. e=uili2!iu1 2ecause
1o!e (ha. o.e 9o!ce ac(s o. i(4
In order for an object to be in equilibrium, it must be in both translational equilibrium and rotational
equilibrium. Thus, it must meet two conditions of equilibrium, namely
net 0 F
ur
and net
0
r
. The
correct answer is therefore choice (d).
6. * dis !o(a(es a2ou( a 9i:ed a:is (ha( is 'e!'e.dicula! (o (he dis a.d 'asses (h!ough i(s
ce.(e!4 *( a.y i.s(a.(5 does e0e!y 'oi.( o. (he dis ha0e (he sa1e 6a7 ce.(!i'e(al accele!a(io.5
627 a.gula! 0eloci(y5 6c7 (a.ge.(ial accele!a(io.5 6d7 li.ea! 0eloci(y5 o! 6e7 (o(al accele!a(io.>
In a rigid, rotating body, all points in that body rotate about the axis at the same rate (or have the same
angular velocity). The centripetal acceleration, tangential acceleration, linear velocity, and total
acceleration of a point in the body all vary with the distance that point is from the axis of rotation. Thus,
the only correct choice is (b).
7- BLANK
8. * 2loc slides do/. a 9!ic(io.less !a1'5 /hile a hollo/ s'he!e a.d a solid 2all !oll /i(hou(
sli''i.g do/. a seco.d !a1' /i(h (he sa1e heigh( a.d slo'e4 Ra. (he a!!i0al (i1es a( (he
2o((o1 9!o1 sho!(es( (o lo.ges(4 6a7 s'he!e5 2all5 2loc 627 2all5 2loc5 s'he!e 6c7 2all5 s'he!e5
2loc 6d7 2loc5 s'he!e5 2all 6e7 2loc5 2all5 s'he!e4
When objects travel down ramps of the same length, the one with the greatest translational kinetic
energy at the bottom will have the greatest final translational speed (and, hence, greatest average
translational speed). This means that it will require less time to travel the length of the ramp. Of the
objects listed, all will have the same total kinetic energy at the bottom, since they have the same
decrease in gravitational potential energy (due to the ramps having the same vertical drop) and no energy
has been spent overcoming friction. All of the blocks kinetic energy is in the form of translational
kinetic energy. Of the rolling bodies, the fraction of their total kinetic energy that is in the translational
form is
( ) ( )
( )
1 2
2
1 1 2 2 2 2
2 2
1 1
1
1
t
t r
M KE
f
KE KE M I I MR
I M

+ + +
+
v
v
v
Since the ratio I/MR
2
equals 2/5 for a solid ball and 2/3 for a hollow sphere, the ball has the larger
translational kinetic energy at the bottom and will arrive before the hollow sphere. The correct rankings
of arrival times, from shortest to longest, is then block, ball, sphere, and choice (e) is the correct
response.
9. * solid dis a.d a hoo' a!e si1ul(a.eously !eleased 9!o1 !es( a( (he (o' o9 a. i.cli.e a.d !oll
do/. /i(hou( sli''i.g4 "hich o2Fec( !eaches (he 2o((o1 9i!s(> 6a7 )he o.e (ha( has (he la!ges(
1ass a!!i0es 9i!s(4 627 )he o.e (ha( has (he la!ges( !adius a!!i0es 9i!s(4 6c7 )he hoo' a!!i0es 9i!s(4
6d7 )he dis a!!i0es 9i!s(4 6e7 )he hoo' a.d (he dis a!!i0e a( (he sa1e (i1e4
Please read the answer to Question 8 above, since most of what is said there also applies to this question.
The total kinetic energy of either the disk or the hoop at the bottom of the ramp will be KEtotal = Mgh,
where M is the mass of the body in question and h is the vertical drop of the ramp. The translational
3
PHYS-1401: College Physics-I CRN 55178 Khalid Buha!i H"-8
kinetic energy of this body will then be KEt = f KEtotal = fMgh, where f is the fraction discussed in
Question 8. Hence, M
2
2 f M v gh and the translational speed at the bottom is
2 . fgh v
Since f = 1/(1+1/2) = 2/3 for the disk and f = 1/(1+1) = 1/2 for the hoop, we see that the disk will have
the greater translational speed at the bottom, and hence, will arrive first. Notice that both the mass and
radius of the object has canceled in the calculation. Our conclusion is then independent of the objects
mass and/or radius. Therefore, the only correct response is choice (d)
10. * solid cyli.de! o9 1ass M a.d !adius R !olls do/. a. i.cli.e /i(hou( sli''i.g4 I(s 1o1e.(
o9 i.e!(ia a2ou( a. a:is (h!ough i(s ce.(e! o9 1ass is MR
3
/34 *( a.y i.s(a.( /hile i. 1o(io.5 i(s
!o(a(io.al i.e(ic e.e!gy a2ou( i(s ce.(e! o9 1ass is /ha( 9!ac(io. o9 i(s (o(al i.e(ic e.e!gy> 6a7
13 627 14 6c7 1? 6d7 35 6e7 No.e o9 (hese
The ratio of rotational kinetic energy to the total kinetic energy for an object that rolls without slipping is
1 2
2
1 1 2 2 2 2
total
2 2
1 1
1
1
r r
t r
I KE KE
MR KE KE KE M I
M
I
I

+ +
_
+
+

,
v
v
For a solid cylinder, I = MR
2
/2 and this ratio becomes
total
1 1
2 1 3
r
KE
KE

+
so the correct answer is (c). (But c = 13, not 1/3. Therefore, correct answer is e)
11. )he ca!s i. a soa'2o: de!2y ha0e .o e.gi.esG (hey si1'ly coas( do/.hill4 "hich o9 (he
9ollo/i.g desig. c!i(e!ia is 2es( 9!o1 a co1'e(i(i0e 'oi.( o9 0ie/> )he ca!Hs /heels should 6a7
ha0e la!ge 1o1e.(s o9 i.e!(ia5 627 2e 1assi0e5 6c7 2e hoo'-lie /heels !a(he! (ha. solid diss5
6d7 2e la!ge /heels !a(he! (ha. s1all /heels5 o! 6e7 ha0e s1all 1o1e.(s o9 i.e!(ia4
If a car is to reach the bottom of the hill in the shortest time, it must have the greatest translational speed
at the bottom (and hence, greatest average speed for the trip). To maximize its final translational speed,
the car should be designed so as much as possible of the cars total kinetic energy is in the form of
translational kinetic energy. This means that the rotating parts of the car (i.e., the wheels) should have as
little kinetic energy as possible. Therefore, the mass of these parts should be kept small, and the mass
they do have should be concentrated near the axle in order to keep the moment of inertia as small as
possible. The correct response to this question is (e).
12. Co.side! (/o u.i9o!15 solid s'he!es5 a la!ge5 1assi0e s'he!e a.d a s1alle!5 ligh(e! s'he!e4
)hey a!e !eleased 9!o1 !es( si1ul(a.eously 9!o1 (he (o' o9 a hill a.d !oll do/. /i(hou(
sli''i.g4 "hich o.e !eaches (he 2o((o1 o9 (he hill 9i!s(> 6a7 )he la!ge s'he!e !eaches (he
2o((o1 9i!s(4 627 )he s1all s'he!e !eaches (he 2o((o1 9i!s(4 6c7 )he s'he!e /i(h (he g!ea(es(
de.si(y !eaches (he 2o((o1 9i!s(4 6d7 )he s'he!es !each (he 2o((o1 a( (he sa1e (i1e4 6e7 )he
a.s/e! de'e.ds o. (he 0alues o9 (he s'he!esH 1asses a.d !adii4
Please review the answers given above for questions 8 and 9. In the answer to question 9, it is shown
that the translational speed at the bottom of the hill of an object that rolls without slipping is
2 fgh v
where h is the vertical drop of the hill and f is the ratio of the translational kinetic energy to
the total kinetic energy of the rolling body. For a solid sphere,
2
2 5 I MR
, so the ratio f is
( )
2
1 1 1
1 2 5 1.4 1
f
I MR

+ +
?
PHYS-1401: College Physics-I CRN 55178 Khalid Buha!i H"-8
and the translational speed at the bottom of the hill is
2 1.4 gh v
Notice that this result is the same
for all uniform, solid, spheres. Thus, the two spheres have the same translational speed at the bottom of
the hill. This also means that they have the same average speed for the trip, and hence, both make the
trip in the same time. The correct answer to this question is (d).
13. * 1ouse is i.i(ially a( !es( o. a ho!iAo.(al (u!.(a2le 1ou.(ed o. a 9!ic(io.less5 0e!(ical a:le4
*s (he 1ouse 2egi.s (o /al cloc/ise a!ou.d (he 'e!i1e(e!5 /hich o9 (he 9ollo/i.g
s(a(e1e.(s must 2e (!ue o9 (he (u!.(a2le> 6a7 I( also (u!.s cloc/ise4 627 I( (u!.s
cou.(e!cloc/ise /i(h (he sa1e a.gula! 0eloci(y as (he 1ouse4 6c7 I( !e1ai.s s(a(io.a!y4 6d7 I(
(u!.s cou.(e!cloc/ise 2ecause a.gula! 1o1e.(u1 is co.se!0ed4 6e7 I( (u!.s cou.(e!cloc/ise
2ecause 1echa.ical e.e!gy is co.se!0ed4
Since the axle of the turntable is frictionless, no external agent exerts a torque about this vertical axis of
the mouse-turntable system. This means that the total angular momentum of the mouse-turntable system
will remain constant at its initial value of zero. Thus, as the mouse starts walking around the axis (and
developing an angular momentum, mouse m m
L I
, in the direction of its angular velocity), the
turntable must start to turn in the opposite direction so it will possess an angular momentum,
table t t
L I
, such that total mouse table
0
m m t t
L L L I I + +
. Thus, the angular velocity of
the table will be ( )
t m t m
I I
. The negative sign means that if the mouse is walking around the
axis in a clockwise direction, the turntable will be rotating in the opposite direction, or counterclockwise.
The correct choice for this question is (d).
14. *cco!di.g (o (he 1a.ual o9 a ce!(ai. ca!5 a 1a:i1u1 (o!=ue o9 1ag.i(ude ;540 N @ 1
should 2e a''lied /he. (igh(e.i.g (he lug .u(s o. (he 0ehicle4 I9 you use a /!e.ch o9 le.g(h
04??0 1 a.d you a''ly (he 9o!ce a( (he e.d o9 (he /!e.ch a( a. a.gle o9 7540< /i(h !es'ec( (o a
li.e goi.g 9!o1 (he lug .u( (h!ough (he e.d o9 (he ha.dle5 /ha( is (he 1ag.i(ude o9 (he
1a:i1u1 9o!ce you ca. e:e!( o. (he ha.dle /i(hou( e:ceedi.g (he !eco11e.da(io.>
6a7 133 N 627 184 N 6c7 304 N 6d7 354 N
)he (o!=ue o9 (he a''lied 9o!ce is I rF si.4 )hus5 i9 r I 04??0 15 I 7540J5 a.d (he (o!=ue
has (he 1a:i1u1 allo/ed 0alue o9
1a:
I ;540 N 15 (he a''lied 9o!ce is
( )
max
65.0 N m
204 N
sin 0.330 m sin 75.0
F
r

15. * s(ude.( ge(s his ca! s(uc i. a s.o/d!i9(4 No( a( a loss5 ha0i.g s(udied 'hysics5 he a((aches
o.e e.d o9 a s(ou( !o'e (o (he ca! a.d (he o(he! e.d (o (he (!u. o9 a .ea!2y (!ee5 allo/i.g 9o! a
s1all a1ou.( o9 slac4 )he s(ude.( (he. e:e!(s a 9o!ce o. (he ce.(e! o9 (he !o'e i. (he
di!ec(io. 'e!'e.dicula! (o (he ca!-(!ee li.e as sho/. i. Bigu!e P84354 I9 (he !o'e is i.e:(e.si2le
a.d (he 1ag.i(ude o9 (he a''lied 9o!ce is 475 N5 /ha( is (he 9o!ce o. (he ca!> 6*ssu1e
e=uili2!iu1 co.di(io.s47
4
PHYS-1401: College Physics-I CRN 55178 Khalid Buha!i H"-8
6a7 345; N 627 348; N 6c7 ?404 N 6d7 4404 N
Consider the free-body diagram of the
material making up the center point in
the rope given at the right. Since this
material is in equilibrium, it is necessary
to have Fx = 0 and Fy = 0, giving
0:
x
F
2 1
sin sin 0 T T +
or T2 = T1, meaning that the rope has a uniform tension T throughout its length.
0:
y
F
cos cos 475 N 0 T T +
where
( ) ( )
2 2
0.500 m
cos
6.00 m 0.500 m

+
and the tension in the rope (force applied to the car) is
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2
3
475 N 6.00 m 0.500 m
475 N
2.86 10 N 2.86 kN
2 cos 2 0.500 m
T

+

P*R)-B: Ha.d i. you! solu(io.s (o (he 9ollo/i.g =ues(io.s i. class5 o. $o.day 08 No0e12e!-
3010
8. * u.i9o!1 2ea1 o9 le.g(h 74;0 1 a.d /eigh( 4450 E 10
3
N is ca!!ied 2y (/o /o!e!s5
Sa1 a.d Koe5 as sho/. i. Bigu!e P8484 6a7 -e(e!1i.e (he 9o!ces (ha( each 'e!so. e:e!(s o.
(he 2ea14 627 +uali(a(i0ely5 ho/ /ould (he a.s/e!s cha.ge i9 Sa1 1o0ed close! (o (he
1id'oi.(> 6c7 "ha( /ould ha''e. i9 Sa1 1o0ed 2eyo.d (he 1id'oi.(
(a) Since the beam is in equilibrium, we choose the center
as our pivot point and require that
) ( ) ( )
Sam Joe
center
2.80 m 1.80 m 0 F F +
or
Joe Sam
1.56 F F
[1]
Also,
Sam Joe
0 450 N
y
F F F +
[2]
Substitute Equation [1] into [2] to get the following:
Sam Sam
1.56 450 N F F +
or
Sam
450 N
176 N
2.56
F
Then, Equation [1] yields ( )
Joe
1.56 176 N 274 N F
.
(b) If Sam moves closer to the center of the beam, his lever arm about the beam center decreases, so
the force Sam
must increase F
to continue applying a clockwise torque capable of offsetting
Joes counterclockwise torque. At the same time, the force Joe
would decrease F
since the
5
PHYS-1401: College Physics-I CRN 55178 Khalid Buha!i H"-8
sum of the two upward forces equal the magnitude of the downward gravitational force.
(c) If Sam moves to the right of the center of the beam, his torque about the midpoint would then be
counterclockwise. Joe would have to hold down on the beam in order to exert an offsetting
clockwise torque.
22. * hu.g!y 700-N 2ea! /als ou( o. a 2ea1 i. a. a((e1'( (o !e(!ie0e so1e LgoodiesM
ha.gi.g a( (he e.d 6Big4 P843374 )he 2ea1 is u.i9o!15 /eighs 300 N5 a.d is ;400 1 lo.gG
(he goodies /eigh 8040 N4 6a7 -!a/ a 9!ee-2ody diag!a1 o9 (he 2ea14 627 "he. (he 2ea! is
a( x I 1400 15 9i.d (he (e.sio. i. (he /i!e a.d (he co1'o.e.(s o9 (he !eac(io. 9o!ce a( (he
hi.ge4 6c7 I9 (he /i!e ca. /i(hs(a.d a 1a:i1u1 (e.sio. o9 C00 N5 /ha( is (he 1a:i1u1
dis(a.ce (he 2ea! ca. /al 2e9o!e (he /i!e 2!eas>
(a) See the diagram below
(b) If x = 1.00 m, then
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
left end
0 700 N 1.00 m 200 N 3.00 m
80.0 N 6.00 m sin 60.0 6.00 m 0 T

+
giving T = 434 N.
Then, 0 cos 60.0 0
x
F H T , or
( ) 343 N cos 60.0 172 N H
and
( ) 0 980 N + 343 N sin 60.0 0
y
F V
, or V = 683 N.
(c) When the wire is on the verge of breaking, T = 900 N and
) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
max
left end
700 N 200 N 3.00 m
80.0 N 6.00 m 900 N sin 60.0 6.00 m 0
x
1 +
]
which gives xmax = 5.14 m
31. Bou! o2Fec(s a!e held i. 'osi(io. a( (he co!.e!s o9 a !ec(a.gle 2y ligh( !ods as sho/. i.
Bigu!e P84?14 Bi.d (he 1o1e.( o9 i.e!(ia o9 (he sys(e1 a2ou( 6a7 (he x-a:is5 627 (he y-a:is5
a.d 6c7 a. a:is (h!ough O a.d 'e!'e.dicula! (o (he 'age4
The moment of inertia for rotations about an axis is
2
i i
I m r
, where ri is the distance mass mi is from that axis.
(a) For rotation about the x-axis,
;
PHYS-1401: College Physics-I CRN 55178 Khalid Buha!i H"-8
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2
3.00 kg 3.00 m 2.00 kg 3.00 m
2.00 kg 3.00 m 4.00 kg 3.00 m 99.0 kg m
x
I +
+ +
(b) When rotating about the y-axis,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2
3.00 kg 2.00 m 2.00 kg 2.00 m
2.00 kg 2.00 m 4.00 kg 2.00 m 44.0 kg m
y
I +
+ +
(c) For rotations about an axis perpendicular to the page through point O, the distance ri for each mass
is
( ) ( )
2 2
2.00 m 3.00 m 13.0 m
i
r +
Thus,
( ) ( )
2 2
3.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 kg 13.0 m 143 kg m
O
I 1 + + +
]
40. *. *(/oodHs 1achi.e co.sis(s o9 2locs o9 1asses m
1
I 1040 g a.d m
3
I 3040 g
a((ached 2y a co!d !u..i.g o0e! a 'ulley as i. Bigu!e P84404 )he 'ulley is a solid cyli.de!
/i(h 1ass M I 8400 g a.d !adius r I 04300 14 )he 2loc o9 1ass m
3
is allo/ed (o d!o'5
a.d (he co!d (u!.s (he 'ulley /i(hou( sli''i.g4 6a7 "hy 1us( (he (e.sio. T
3
2e g!ea(e! (ha.
(he (e.sio. T
1
> 627 "ha( is (he accele!a(io. o9 (he sys(e15 assu1i.g (he 'ulley a:is is
9!ic(io.less> 6c7 Bi.d (he (e.sio.s T
1
a.d T
3
4
(a) It is necessary that the tensions T1 and T2 be different in order to
provide a net torque about the axis of the pulley and produce and
angular acceleration of the pulley. Since intuition tells us that the system
will accelerate in the directions shown in the diagrams at the right when
m2 > m1, it is necessary that T2 > T1.
(b) We adopt a sign convention for each object with the positive direction being the indicated direction of the
acceleration of that object in the diagrams at the right. Then, apply Newtons second law to each object:
For 1 1 1 1 1
:
y
m F m a T m g m a
Or
( )
1 1
T m g a +
[1]
For 2 2 2 2 2
:
y
m F m a m g T m a
m2 or
( )
2 2
T m g a
[2]
For 2 1
: M I rT rT I
or 2 1
T T I r
[3]
Substitute Equations [1] and [2], along with the relations
2
2 and I Mr a r
, into Equation [3] to obtain
( ) ( )
2
2 1
2 2
Mr a Ma
m g a m g a
r r
_
+

,
or
( )
1 2 2 1
2
M
m m a m m g
_
+ +

,
and
7
PHYS-1401: College Physics-I CRN 55178 Khalid Buha!i H"-8
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
2 1
2
1 2
20.0 kg 10.0 kg 9.80 m s
2.88 m s
2 20.0 kg 10.0 kg+ 8.00 kg 2
m m g
a
m m M


+ + +
(c) From Equation [1]:
( ) ( )
2 2
1
10.0 kg 9.80 m s 2.88 m s 127 N T +
.
From Equation [2]:
( ) ( )
2 2
2
20.0 kg 9.80 m s 2.88 m s 138 N T
.
52. ,se co.se!0a(io. o9 e.e!gy (o de(e!1i.e (he a.gula! s'eed o9 (he s'ool sho/. i. Bigu!e
P8453 a9(e! (he ?400-g 2uce( has 9alle. 4400 15 s(a!(i.g 9!o1 !es(4 )he ligh( s(!i.g a((ached
(o (he 2uce( is /!a''ed a!ou.d (he s'ool a.d does .o( sli' as i( u./i.ds4
As the bucket drops, it loses gravitational potential energy. The spool
gains rotational kinetic energy and the bucket gains translational kinetic
energy. Since the string does not slip on the spool,
r
where r is the
radius of the spool. The moment of inertia of the spool is
1 2
2
I Mr
,
where M is the mass of the spool. Conservation of energy gives
( ) ( ) t r g t r g
f i
KE KE PE KE KE PE + + + +
2 2
1 1
0 0
2 2
f i
m I mgy mgy + + + +
or
( )
( )
2
2 2
1 1 1
2 2 2
i f
m r Mr mg y y
_
+

,
This gives
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2 1 2 1
2
2
2 2 3.00 kg 9.80 m s 4.00 m
10.9 rad s
3.00 kg+ 5.00 kg 0.600 m
i f
mg y y
m M r

+ 1
]
58. HalleyHs co1e( 1o0es a2ou( (he Su. i. a. elli'(ical o!2i(5 /i(h i(s closes( a''!oach (o (he
Su. 2ei.g 045C *4,4 a.d i(s g!ea(es( dis(a.ce 2ei.g ?5 *4,4 61 *4,4 is (he %a!(hN Su.
dis(a.ce74 I9 (he co1e(Hs s'eed a( closes( a''!oach is 54 1Ds5 /ha( is i(s s'eed /he. i( is
9a!(hes( 9!o1 (he Su.> You 1ay .eglec( a.y cha.ge i. (he co1e(Hs 1ass a.d assu1e (ha( i(s
a.gula! 1o1e.(u1 a2ou( (he Su. is co.se!0ed4
Using conservation of angular momentum, aphelion perihelion
L L
.
Thus,
( ) ( )
2 2
a a p p
mr mr
. Since = 1/r at both aphelion and perihelion, this is equivalent to
( ) ( )
2 2
a a a p p p
mr r mr r
, giving
8
PHYS-1401: College Physics-I CRN 55178 Khalid Buha!i H"-8
( )
0.59 A.U.
54 km s 0.91 km s
35 A.U.
p
a p
a
r
r

_
_


,
,
60. * 'layg!ou.d 1e!!y-go-!ou.d o9 !adius 3400 1 has a 1o1e.( o9 i.e!(ia I I 375 g @ 1
3

a.d is !o(a(i.g a2ou( a 9!ic(io.less 0e!(ical a:le4 *s a child o9 1ass 3540 g s(a.ds a( a
dis(a.ce o9 1400 1 9!o1 (he a:le5 (he sys(e1 61e!!y-go-!ou.d a.d child7 !o(a(es a( (he !a(e
o9 1440 !e0D1i.4 )he child (he. '!oceeds (o /al (o/a!d (he edge o9 (he 1e!!y-go-!ou.d4
"ha( is (he a.gula! s'eed o9 (he sys(e1 /he. (he child !eaches (he edge>
From conservation of angular momentum:
( ) ( ) - - - - child m g r f child m g r i
f i
I I I I + +
where
2
- -
275 kg m
m g r
I
is the constant moment of inertia of the merry-go-round.
Treating the child as a point object,
2
child
I mr
where r is the distance the child is from the rotation
axis. Conservation of angular momentum then gives
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2 2
- -
2 2
2
- -
25.0 kg 1.00 m 275 kg m
14.0 rev min
25.0 kg 2.00 m 275 kg m
i m g r
f i
f m g r
mr I
mr I

1
_ + +
1


+ 1
, +
]
or
rev 2 rad 1 min
11.2 1.17 rad s
min 1 rev 60.0 s
f

_ _


, ,
87. * 4400-g 1ass is co..ec(ed 2y a ligh( co!d (o a ?400-g 1ass o. a s1oo(h su!9ace 6Big4
P848774 )he 'ulley !o(a(es a2ou( a 9!ic(io.less a:le a.d has a 1o1e.( o9 i.e!(ia o9 04500 g @
1
3
a.d a !adius o9 04?00 14 *ssu1i.g (ha( (he co!d does .o( sli' o. (he 'ulley5 9i.d 6a7 (he
accele!a(io. o9 (he (/o 1asses a.d 627 (he (e.sio.s T
1
a.d T
3
4
(a) Free-body diagrams for each block and the pulley are given at the right.
Observe that the angular acceleration of the pulley will be clockwise in direction
and has been given a negative sign. Since
I
, the positive sense for
torques and angular acceleration must be the same (counterclockwise).
For m1:
( )
1 1 1 y y
F ma T m g m a
( )
1 1
T m g a
[1]
For m2: 2 2 x x
F ma T m a
[2]
For the pulley:
( )
2 1
I T r T r I a r
or
1 2
2
I
T T a
r
_


,
[3]
Substitute Equations [1] and [2] into Equation [3] and solve for a to obtain
( )
1
2
1 2
m g
a
I r m m

+ +
or
C
PHYS-1401: College Physics-I CRN 55178 Khalid Buha!i H"-8
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
4.00 kg 9.80 m s
3.12 m s
0.500 kg m 0.300 m 4.00 kg 3.00 kg
a
+ +
(b) Equation [1] above gives:
( ) ( )
2 2
1
4.00 kg 9.80 m s 3.12 m s 26.7 N T
,
and Equation [2] yields:
( ) ( )
2
2
3.00 kg 3.12 m s 9.37 N T
.
10