I. Costs of War ! So much money was lost on the war, the winner wanted the loser to pay for their losses (reparations). ! Political turmoil collapsed govts. in Russia, Germany, Austria- Hungary and Ottoman Empire. ! 1918 influenza devastated the world and killed > 20 million people II. Paris Peace Conference 1he vlcLorlous Allles have dlerenL vlslons of peace Ceorges Clemenceau was Lhe lrench leader. lrance had been lnvaded by Cermany ln 1870 and ln 1914. Lhe lrench wanLed Lhe Cermans Lo be made weak so LhaL Lhey would noL auack Lhem agaln. 1he war had been foughL mosLly ln lrance. 1he counLryslde was desLroyed. vlllages burned and Lhe populauon declmaLed. Cermany needed Lo pay Lo repalr Lhe damage Lhelr lnvaslon of lrance caused. vluorlo Crlando was Lhe lLallan leader. Pe lnslsLed LhaL Lhe Allles honor Lhelr secreL agreemenL Lo glve former AusLro-Pungarlan lands Lo lLaly. 1he vlcLorlous Allles have dlerenL vlslons of peace uavld Lloyd Ceorge was Lhe 8rlush leader. Pe publlcly called for Lhe Cermans Lo pay for sLarung Lhe war. rlvaLely, he worrled LhaL lf Lhe Cermans were Loo weakened, Lhe CommunlsLs could Lake over Lhe counLry. Woodrow Wllson was Lhe resldenL of Lhe unlLed SLaLes. Pe wanLed Lo rebulld Lhe world aer Lhe devasLauon of Lhe World War. Pe pushed hard for a peace LhaL would lnclude an lnLernauonal body LhaL would make sure LhaL Lhere would be no fuLure wars. 1he League of nauons was creaLed for Lhls purpose. unforLunaLely Lhe Amerlcan publlc wanLed Lhe uS Lo remaln lsolaLed and Lhey never [olned Lhe League. ! vlcLorlous Allles !"#$%& Cermany Lo slgn a LreaLy aL Lhe alace of versallles. ! Cermans accepL blame, pay reparauons ($338) and oLher very harsh condluons. III. Treaty of Versailles ! 8esenLmenL of Lhe 1reaLy of versallles would polson Lhe world for 20 years. ! An even uLAuLlL8 world war ls formlng. Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Versailles 100,000 De- militarised Cermany losL lLs colonles. Treaty of Versailles Cuoman Lmplre AusLrla- Pungary 8 u s s l a
Treaty of Versailles (Territories administered by Western Powers) Treaty of Versailles Name the people emerging from the building. What does the building represent? What is meant by this comment? Why is the child weeping, and what is meant by 1940? HOW USEFUL IS THIS SOURCE AS HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: i. What do we learn from it about the period being studied? ii. How reliable is this source? Perhaps it would gee-up better if we let it touch earth. A British newspaper cartoon, by David Low. Briand, French Prime Minister SOURCE WORK: 1) First, describe the storyline shown in the cartoon. 2) Then, relate the political message intended by the cartoonist what does the horse represent, what does the cart represent, why is it stuck in the air, who are the two men, why is one carrying a whip and one a shovel what is the political message ? Lloyd-George, British Prime Minister What is this referring to? What does the horse represent? Why is the cart up- ended? Why is Lloyd-George holding a shovel? Why is Briand holding a whip? Punch was Britains main political magazine of the period. What does the Angel represent? 1. Describe the scene shown, what is the storyline? 2. Then, assess the individual features in the cartoon. 3. Then, identify the political message intended by the cartoonist. Why the candle snuffer? What political message does it represent? What does the candle represent? What is the general political message of the cartoon? THE FINISHING TOUCH 1. Describe the scene shown, what is the storyline? 2. Then, assess the individual features in the cartoon. 3. Then, identify the political message intended by the cartoonist. Who / or, what is the man representing? What does the plank represent What is being represented by the hand? What is the political message of this cartoon? Describe the condition of the room in which this family is living? How is the child shown? Why? Look at the caption, what is its political message? How reliable is this source? HOW USEFUL IS THIS SOURCE AS HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: i. What do we learn from it about the period being studied? ii. How reliable is this source? Vengeance! German Nation Today in the Hall of Mirrors of Versailles the disgraceful Treaty is being signed. Do not forget it! The German people will with unceasing labour press forward to reconquer the place among nations to which it is entitled. Then will come the vengeance for the shame of 1919. From the Deutsche Zeitung [The German Express] newspaper. Summarize the text. Identify the author. Explain why the author would feel this way. HOW USEFUL IS THIS SOURCE AS HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: i. What do we learn from it about the period being studied? ii. How reliable is this source? Only fools, liars and criminals could hope for mercy from the enemy. In these nights hatred grew in me, hatred for those responsible for the dead. By Adolf Hitler, who had served in the army and became a future leader of Germany Summarize the text. Identify the author. Explain why the author would feel this way. HOW USEFUL IS THIS SOURCE AS HISTORICAL EVIDENCE: i. What do we learn from it about the period being studied? ii. How reliable is this source? The Treaty is a failure!