C

C
H
H
A
A
P
P
T
T
E
E
R
R
1
1
0
0

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PROBLEM 10.1
Knowing that the spring at A is of constant k and that the bar AB is rigid, determine the
critical load
cr
. P

SOLUTION



Let be the angle change of bar AB.
sin F kx kL = =

2
0: cos 0
sin cos sin 0
B
M FL Px
kL PL

= =
=

Using

2
sin and cos 1, 0 kL PL =

2
( ) 0 kL PL =
cr
P kL =
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PROBLEM 10.2
Knowing that the torsional spring at B is of constant K and that the bar AB is rigid,
determine the critical load
cr
. P

SOLUTION


Let be the angle change of bar AB.
, sin M K x L L = =
0: 0 0
B
M M Px K PL = = =
( ) 0 K PL =
cr
/ P K L =
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PROBLEM 10.3
Two rigid bars AC and BC are connected by a pin at C as shown. Knowing that
the torsional spring at B is of constant K, determine the critical load
cr
P for the
system.

SOLUTION





Let be the angle change of each bar.

B
M K =
0: 0
B A
A
M K F L
K
F
L

= =
=

Bar AC.
cr
1 1
0: 0
2 2
C A
M P L LF = =

cr
A
F
P

=
cr
K
P
L
=
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reproduced, or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited
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PROBLEM 10.4
Two rigid bars AC and BC are connected as shown to a spring of constant k.
Knowing that the spring can act in either tension or compression, determine the
critical load
cr
P for the system.

SOLUTION
Let be the deflection of point C.
Using free body AC and

1 3
0 : 0
3
C A A
P
M LR P R
L

= + = =

Using free body BC and

2
0: 0
3
C B
M LR P = =

3
2
B
P
R
L

=
Using both free bodies together,
0: 0
3 3
0
2
9
0
2
x A B
F R R k
P P
k
L L
P
k
L

= + =
+ =
| |
=
|
\ .


cr
2
9
kL
P =
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reproduced, or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited
distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. A student using this manual is using it
without permission.


PROBLEM 10.7
The rigid rod AB is attached to a hinge at A and to two springs, each of
constant 2 kip/in., k = that can act in either tension or compression. Knowing
that 2 ft, h = determine the critical load.

SOLUTION
Let be the small rotation angle.
3
4
D
C
B
x h
x h
x h

3
C C
D D
F kx kh
F kx kh

=
=

0: 3 0
A D C B
M hF hF Px = + =

2 2
5
9 4 0,
2
kh kh hP P kh + = =
Data: 2.0 kip/in. 2ft 24 in. k h = = =

5
(2.0)(24)
2
P = 120.0 kips P =
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed,
reproduced, or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited
distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. A student using this manual is using it
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PROBLEM 10.11
A compression member of 20-in. effective length consists of a solid 1-in.-
diameter aluminum rod. In order to reduce the weight of the member
by 25%, the solid rod is replaced by a hollow rod of the cross section shown.
Determine (a) the percent reduction in the critical load, (b) the value of the
critical load for the hollow rod. Use
6
10.6 10 psi E = .

SOLUTION
Solid:
4
2 4
4 4 2 64
o
o
S o s
d
A d I d
| |
= = =
|
\ .

Hollow:
( )
2 2 2
3 3
4 4 4 4
H o i S o
A d d A d

= = =

2 2
1 1
0.5 in.
4 2
i o i o
d d d d = = =
Solid rod:
4 4
(1.0) 0.049087 in
64
S
I

= =

2 2 6
3
cr
2 2
(10.6 10 )(0.049087)
12.839 10 lb
(20)
S
EI
P
L

= = =
Hollow rod:
( )
4
4 4 4 4
1
(1) 0.046019 in
64 64 2

(
| |
= = = (
|
\ . (

H o i
I d d

2 2 6
3
cr
2 2
(10.6 10 )(0.046019)
12.036 10 lb 12.04 kips
(20)
H
EI
P
L

= = = =
(a)
3 3
3
12.839 10 12.036 10
0.0625
12.839 10
S H
S
P P
P

= =

Percent reduction = 6.25%

(b) For the hollow rod,
cr
12.04 kips P =


PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed,
reproduced, or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited
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PROBLEM 10.13
A column of effective length L can be made by gluing together
identical planks in either of the arrangements shown. Determine
the ratio of the critical load using the arrangement a to the critical
load using the arrangement b.

SOLUTION
Arrangement (a).

4
1
12
a
I d =

2 2 4
cr,
2 2
12
a
e e
EI Ed
P
L L

= =
Arrangement (b).
3
3
min
3 4
1 1
( ) ( )
12 3 12 3
1 19
( )
12 3 324
y
d d
I I d d
d
d d
| | | |
= = +
| |
\ . \ .
| |
+ =
|
\ .


2 2 4
cr,
2 2
19
324
b
e e
EI Ed
P
L L

= =

cr,
cr,
1 324 27
12 19 19
a
b
P
P
= =
cr,
cr,
1.421
a
b
P
P
=
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed,
reproduced, or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited
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PROBLEM 10.15
A compression member of 7-m effective length is made by welding
together two L152 102 12.7 angles as shown. Using
200 GPa, E = determine the allowable centric load for the
member if a factor of safety of 2.2 is required.

SOLUTION
Angle L152 102 12.7:
2
6 4 6 4
3060 mm
7.20 10 mm 2.59 10 mm
50.3 mm 24.9 mm
x y
A
I I
y x
=
= =
= =

Two angles:
6 6 4
(2)(7.20 10 ) 14.40 10 mm
x
I = =

6 2 6 4
2[(2.59 10 ) (3060)(24.9) ] 8.975 10 mm
y
I = + =

6 4 6 4
min
8.975 10 mm 8.975 10 m
y
I I

= = =

2 2 9 6
3
cr
2 2
(200 10 )(8.975 10 )
361.5 10 N 361.5 kN
(7.0)
e
EI
P
L



= = = =

cr
all
361.5
. . 2.2
P
P
F S
= =
all
164.0 kN P =
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed,
reproduced, or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited
distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. A student using this manual is using it
without permission.


PROBLEM 10.20
Knowing that 5.2 kN, P = determine the factor of safety for the structure
shown. Use 200 E = GPa and consider only buckling in the plane of the
structure.

SOLUTION
Joint B: From force triangle,

5.2
sin 25 sin 20 sin 135
3.1079 kN (Comp)
2.5152 kN (Comp)
BC AB
AB
BC
F F
F
F
= =

=
=

Member AB:
4 4
3 4
9 4
18
5.153 10 mm
4 2 4 2
5.153 10 m
AB
d
I

| | | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .
=


2 2 9 9
, cr
2 2
3
, cr
(200 10 )(5.153 10 )
(1.2)
7.0636 10 N 7.0636 kN
7.0636
. . 2.27
3.1079
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
EI
F
L
F
F S
F



= =
= =
= = =

Member BC:
4 4
22
4 2 4 2
BC
d
I
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .


3 4 9 4
2 2 2 2
2 2 9 9
, cr
2
3
, cr
11.499 10 mm 11.499 10 m
1.2 1.2 2.88 m
(200 10 )(11.499 10 )
2.88
7.8813 10 N 7.8813 kN
7.8813
. . 3.13
2.5152
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
L
EI
F
L
F
F S
F

= =
= + =

= =
= =
= = =

Smallest F.S. governs. . . 2.27 F S =
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PROBLEM 10.25
Column AB carries a centric load P of magnitude 15 kips. Cables BC
and BD are taut and prevent motion of point B in the xz plane. Using
Eulers formula and a factor of safety of 2.2, and neglecting the
tension in the cables, determine the maximum allowable length L.
Use
6
29 10 E = psi.

SOLUTION

4
4
W10 22: 118 in
11.4 in
x
y
I
I
=
=


3
3 3
cr
15 10 lb
( . .) (2.2)(15 10 ) 33 10 lb
P
P F S P
=
= = =

Buckling in xz-plane. 0.7
e
L L =

2
cr
2
cr
0.7 (0.7 )
y y
EI EI
P L
P L

= =

6
3
(29 10 )(11.4)
449.2 in.
0.7 33 10
L

= =

Buckling in yz-plane. 2
e
L L =

2
cr
2
6
3
cr
(2 )
(29 10 )(118)
505.8 in.
2 2 33 10
x
x
EI
P
L
EI
L
P

= = =

Smaller value for L governs. 449.2 in. L = 37.4 ft L =
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PROBLEM 10.27
Column ABC has a uniform rectangular cross section with 12 b = mm
and 22 d = mm. The column is braced in the xz plane at its midpoint C
and carries a centric load P of magnitude 3.8 kN. Knowing that a factor
of safety of 3.2 is required, determine the largest allowable length L.
Use 200 E = GPa.

SOLUTION

3 3
cr
2
cr
2
cr
( . .) (3.2)(3.8 10 ) 12.16 10 N
e
e
P F S P
EI EI
P L
P L

= = =
= =

Buckling in xz-plane.
cr
e
EI
L L
P
= =

3 3 3 4
9 4
1 1
(22)(12) 3.168 10 mm
12 12
3.168 10 m
I db

= = =
=


9 9
3
(200 10 )(3.168 10 )
0.717 m
12.16 10
L

= =

Buckling in yz-plane.
cr
2
2 2
e
e
L EI
L L L
P

= = =

3 3 3 4
9 4
9 9
3
1 1
(12)(22) 10.648 10 mm
12 12
10.648 10 m
(200 10 )(10.648 10 )
0.657 m
2 12.16 10
I bd
L

= = =
=

= =

The smaller length governs. 0.657 m L = 657 mm L =