Oxalate 411

What is oxalate?
Oxalate is a salt that naturally occurs in fruits,
vegetables and nuts like rhubarb, Swiss chard, or
almonds. The oxalate content will vary in the same
species of plants because of different climate, soil,
ripeness or part of the plant thas was analyzed (1).
Oxalate is also naturally produced in the body by the
liver (2).

Relationship between kidney

stones and oxalate

Oxalate Content in Foods

A low oxalate diet is less than 80 mg per day (1).
You may use the content guide below and food
chart (next page) determine the oxalate in foods.
See food chart on the next page.

Kidney stones occur when the body has more
crystal forming substances like calcium, oxalate and
uric acid than the fluid. Adequate fluid is needed for
the body to dilute these substances to prevent them
from sticking together and forming crystals (2).

Class 1: VERY HIGH

Individuals with calcium oxalate kidney stones;
enteric hyperoxaluria (EH) (related to the
intestine) and primary hyperoxaluria (PH)
(elevated oxalate in urine) should avoid foods in
this class (1).

Types of kidney stones (2)

Calcium stones: The most common kidney
stone, it is in the form of calcium oxalate or
phosphate. Dietary factors that make increase
the risk of calcium stones are high doses of
vitamin D, intestinal bypass surgery and
metabolic disorders that concentrate calcium or
oxalate in the urine.

Class 2: HIGH

Individuals with high calcium oxalate kidney

stones and high urine oxalate levels. People with
PH may have foods in this class because
restricting will limit sources of important nutrients
(1).

Class 3: Moderate

Individuals with EH should avoid foods in this

from this group and follow a low fat diet with
plenty of fluids. For others it may not be
necessary to restrict as long as they eat adequate
calcium 200 mg) per meal and drink plenty of
fluids (1).

Class 4: Low

The foods in this class should be safe for most

people with calcium oxalate stones. It is
recommended to eat adequate calcium and drink
plenty of fluids at each meal (1).

Uric acid stones: Uric acid stones are formed

by dehydration, high protein diet and by gout.
Certain genetic factors may increase the risk of
uric acid stones.
Struvite stones: Struvite stones are caused
by infection like a UTI infection. Struvite stones
can grow quickly and occur with a few stones or
warning.

Sources:

1) Oxalosis and Hyperoxaluria Foundation. Available at: http://www.ohf.org/docs/Oxalate2008.pdf. Accessed on 9/20/13

2) Mayo Clinic. Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/kidney-stones/DS00282/DSECTION=causes Accessed on: 9/20/13

Class 1 VERY HIGH

All individuals with calcium oxalate kidney stones and hyperoxaluria should avoid these foods
All Bran
Almonds
Bucketwheat flour, whole-groat
Beets, cooked, pickled, raw

Chocolate soy milk

Miso
Mixed nuts without peanuts
Tahini

Rhubarb, cooked or raw

Sesame seeds, whole, dried
Spinach, raw or cooked
Swiss chard, raw or cooked

Class 2: HIGH
26 99 mg per serving

Nuts and seeds: cup serving

unless stated otherwise
Cashew, raw
Hazelnuts or filberts
Mixed nuts with peanuts
Peanut butter - 2 Tb
Peanuts
Pecans

Grains, pasta & baked goods
Note serving size
Barley, raw cup
Cornmeal, yellow cup
Flour, wheat, wholegrain cup
Rice flour, brown cup
Spaghetti, whole wheat, dry 2 oz
Tortilla, flour, wheat, plain 12
Wheat bran, crude - 2 Tb



Dairy and eggs: 1 cup servings
unless stated otherwise
Chocolate or carob ice cream
Soy ice cream vanilla
Soy ice cream chocolate cup
Soy milk

Vegetables: cup serving unless

stated otherwise
Okra, cooked
Collard greens, cooked
Mustard greens
French fries, potatoes - 4 oz
Potatoes, fried
Sweet potatoes, baked, canned
Tomato, canned, paste
Break fast cereals
Note serving size
40% Bran cup
Cream of wheat 1 cup
Granola 1/3 cup
Raisin bran cup
Shredded wheat cup





Mixed Meals: 1 cup
unless stated otherwise
Lentil and potato soup
Beef stew with potato
Burrito, bean, cheese ~5 oz
Chicken pot pie
Chili, meatless with TVP
Herbs and Spices 1 tsp
Lasagna, meat, whole wheat 11 oz
Poppy seeds
Tamales with meat 4 oz
Turmeric, ground
Tofu and broccoli stir fry
Legumes cup serving unless stated otherwise
Beans, chili, cooked
Beans, black, boiled cup
Beans, white, small, boiled cup Great northern beans cup
Navy beans cup
Pink beans, raw cup

Fruit and juice: cup serving

unless stated otherwise
Apricots, dried
Figs, canned or stewed
Figs, raw or dried - 1 medium fruit
Kiwi fruit, row, 1 fruit



Soy products , Note serving size
**TVP = Textured Veg Protein
Chili, meatless with TVP** 1 cup
Ground meat substitite - 3 oz
Any drink with 1 cup soy milk
Soy burger 1 burger or 2 oz
Soy hot dog/sausage 1 item
Soy nuts, roasted cup
Soy portein concentrate 1 oz
Soy yogurt 1 cup
Soy beans, boiled cup
Soy beans, dried roasted cup
Sweets, Candy, Desserts
Note serving size
Butterfinger Candy bar 2 oz
Chocolate chips, semisweet cup
Chocolate, dark w/ PB - 1 oz
Chocolate, dark w/ nuts 1 oz
Chocolate, dark, plain 1 oz
Cocoa, dry pwdr, unsweetened 1Tb
Milk choco. Candy, plain 1 oz
Milk choco. w/ PB 1 oz
Milk choco w/ nuts oz
Pie, chocolate cream 1/8 of pie
Snickers bar 2 oz
3 Musketeers bar 2 oz

Sources:
1) Oxalosis and Hyperoxaluria Foundation. Available at: http://www.ohf.org/docs/Oxalate2008.pdf. Accessed on 9/20/13
2) Mayo Clinic. Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/kidney-stones/DS00282/DSECTION=causes Accessed on: 9/20/13

Class 3: Moderate
10 25 mg per serving foods

Nuts and seeds: cup serving

unless stated otherwise
Macademia nuts, raw
Peanut butter, JIF - 1 Tb
Pistachio nuts, raw
Walnuts, English

Legumes cup serving unless
stated otherwise
Beans, adzuki, boiled cup
Beans, baked, canned, plain
Kidney beans, boiled
Pinto beans, raw cup
Refried beans/pink beans cup



Grains, pasta & baked goods
Note serving size
Bagel, wholegrain wheat 1 med
Bulgur, dry cup
Choco cake w/ choc. Frosting
1/8 18 oz cake
Choc. Chip cookie with nuts 1 oz
Macaroni salad with mayo cup
Macaroni, dry, elbow cup
Muffins, blueberry 1 medium
Noodles, eggs, dry 1 cup
Pie crust, double baked 1/8 of pie
Pita bread, white 6
Rice, brown, cooked 1 cup
Rye flour, medium cup
Spaghetti/pasta, dry 2 oz
Dairy and eggs: 1 cup servings
unless stated otherwise
Chocolate milk
Cream, nondair, liquid
Rice milk

Vegetables: cup serving

unless stated otherwise
Beans, baked, refried
Beans, cooked: kidney, pinto
Carrots, cooked
Carrots, raw
Celery, raw
French fries
Green beans, fresh, cooked
Potato salad with mayo
Potato, boiled, w/skin 1 medium
Potato, mashed, w/ milk & fat
Summer squash
Tomato, sauce, red, ripe, canned
Tomato, raw, 1 medium
V-8 juice
Winter squash
Break fast cereals
Note serving size
Oatmeal, cooked 1 cup
Cocoa Krispies 1 cup
Oats, raw cup

Snacks and Beverags
Potato chips 1 cup/small bag
Wafer with PB, choc. Cover 2 oz
Hot cocoa, hot choaolate
Mocha made with milk
Tea green, black or white
Chocolate syrup - 1 Tb


Mixed Meals: 1 cup
unless stated otherwise
Chicken casserole , crme sauce
Chili, homemade, beef & beans
Chili, homemade, meatless
Chow mein, chicken
Enchilada, chicken ~ 7 oz

Fruit and juice: cup serving unless

stated otherwise
Blackberries, fresh
Blueberries, fresh and frozen
Fruit cocktail
Lemon peel, raw 1 tsp
Mandarin oranges
Mango, fresh 1 medium
Orange peel, raw 1 tsp
Orange, fresh, small 2 3/8 diameter
Prunes, dried
Strawberries, frozen





Soy products , Note serving size
**TVP = Textured Veg Protein
Edamame cup
Latte or cappuccino with soy 1 cup
Soy cheese 1 oz
Soy cackers 6 medium
Soy ice cream cup
Soy ice cream bar 1 bar
Tofu, cheese 1 oz
Tofu, firm cup






Sweets, Candy, Desserts
Note serving size
7 layer bar
Apple pie, double crust 1/8 of pie
Chocolate cake 1/8 of 18 oz cake
Cherry pie 1/8 of pie
Chocolate pudding

Sources:
1) Oxalosis and Hyperoxaluria Foundation. Available at: http://www.ohf.org/docs/Oxalate2008.pdf. Accessed on 9/20/13
2) Mayo Clinic. Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/kidney-stones/DS00282/DSECTION=causes Accessed on: 9/20/13

Class 3: Moderate Continued

10 25 mg per serving foods

Herbs and Spices: 1 tsp

Black pepper
Caraway seed
Cloves
Cumin seed
Curry powder

Mixed Meals: 1 cup

unless stated otherwise
Lasagna, homemade w/ meat
Macaroni & cheese, instant
Macaroni & cheese, homemade
Macaroni salad w/mayo cup
Pad thai, vegetarian
12 pizza, cheese,
12 pizza, meat, 1/4
12 pizza, allowed veggies,
Quesadilla, cheese ~5 oz
Taco, beef, cheese, ~4 oz
Tostada, beans and cheese 6 oz

Sweets, Candy, Desserts

Note serving size
Granola bar chocolate chip 1.5 oz
Candy, peanut brittle 1 oz
Candy, toffee filled bars 1.5 oz

Sources:
1) Oxalosis and Hyperoxaluria Foundation. Available at: http://www.ohf.org/docs/Oxalate2008.pdf. Accessed on 9/20/13
2) Mayo Clinic. Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/kidney-stones/DS00282/DSECTION=causes Accessed on: 9/20/13

Class 4: Low

5 10 mg per serving * = less than 5 mg per serving

Nuts and seeds: cup serving
unless stated otherwise
Coconut meat, dried, raw*
Flax seed *
Pumpkin and squash seeds, dried
Sunflower seeds
Grains, pasta & baked goods
Note serving size
Biscuit, plain 2 diameter
Bread, mixed grain, WW 1 slice
Bread, white, 1 slice*
Chocolate chip cookie 1 oz
Cornbread 1 piece
Cornstarch cup
Crackers, cheese, regular 5 item*
Crackers, Ritz 6 pieces
Crackers,Wheat Thins 6 medium
Croissant, plain 1 medium
Danish, pastry 1 medium
English Muffin, plain, white 2 oz
French toast, plain 1 slice
Graham crackers*
Granola bar, not nuts.choc 1
Oat bran, raw cup
4 Pancakes, plain 1 ea
Pie crust, graham crackers
Pop Tarts, 1 pastry
Pound cake, 1/12 of 12 oz cake
Rice noodles, fresh 1 cup
Rice, white/wild cooked 1 cup*
Rice, white, long-grain, raw 1/3 c
Rolls, hamburger/hotdog, plain 1
Saltines 2 ea
Scone, plain 1 medium
Semolina, raw cup
Tortilla, corn, plain 8 diameter*
Tortilla, flour, white 8
Vanilla, wafers 4 i4 wafers*
Waffle, homemade

Vegetables: cup serving

unless stated otherwise
Artihokes, boiled
Asparagus, cooked*
Avocado, fresh *
Beans, lima, cooked
Broccoli, raw, cooked
Brussel sprouts, cooked *
Cabbage, raw or cooked *
Cauliflower, raw or cooked *
Chives, raw *
Coleslaw, w/ mayo*
Corn, fresh r canned*
Cucumber*
Garlic, cooked*
Green pepper, raw, cooked c
Hominy *
Lettuce, icreberg or romaine*
Mung beans, sprouted, canned*
Mushrooms, cooked, boiled*
Onions, cooked*
Onions, green, raw*
Peas, fresh, boiled/canned*
Peppers, red, raw, cooked*
Pickles, crunchy*
Pumpkin, canned*
Sauerkraut*
Squash, zucchini*
String beans, canned
Tomato juice
V-8 Splash *
Water chestnuts, canned*

Fruit and juice: cup serving

unless stated otherwise
Apple juice, apple sauce*
Applies, fresh, with skin
Apricots, fresh, canned 1 item
Avocados, raw *
Banana, fresh (1 medium)
Cantaloupe*
Cherries, sweet, fresh and canned*
Coconut, fresh*
Cranberries, dried, sweented*
Cranberry juice, cocktail, sauce*
Grapefruit juice*
Grapefruit, fresh medium fruit
Grapes, red or green, raw*
Grape juice (red and white)*
Lemon and lime juice*
Lemons, raw, without peel*
Lychee
Melons, all types*
Nectarines, fresh *
Olives, ripe, canned*
Orange juice*
Oranges, fresh, 1 medium
Papaya*
Passion fruit*
Peaces, fresh, canned*
Pear, fresh 1 medium
Pears, canned*
Pineapple, juice, fresh, canned*
Prune juice*
Raisins*
Raspberries, strawberries, fresh*
Tangerines, fresh, 2 medium
Tomato juice 1 can - 6 fluid oz

Sources:
1) Oxalosis and Hyperoxaluria Foundation. Available at: http://www.ohf.org/docs/Oxalate2008.pdf. Accessed on 9/20/13
2) Mayo Clinic. Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/kidney-stones/DS00282/DSECTION=causes Accessed on: 9/20/13

Class 4: Low Continued

5 10 mg per serving * = less than 5 mg per serving

Legumes cup serving unless
stated otherwise
Black-eyed peas, cooked *
Garbanzo beans, cooked cup
Lentils, boiled
Lentils, dried cup
Lima beans, boiled
Peas, split, boiled
Refried beans (pinto beans) c

Break fast cereals

Note serving size
Apple Jackes
Cheerios
Corn Flakes
Frosted Flakes
Rice Krispies
Special K
Total Cereal
Wheat Chex

Fish and seafood any amount
Fats & Oils, any amount
unless stated otherwise
1000 Island Dressing *
Bluefish 4 oz
Blue cheese dressing*
Clam, canned*
Butter, regular and low fat*
Clams*
Caesar salad dressing*
Cod, cooked*
French dressing *
Crab, cooked*
Italian dressing*
White fish, fried w/ flour 4 oz
Margarine*
Halibut, baked*
Mayonnaise
Lobster*
Ranch dressing*
Mackerel, baked 4 oZ
Sour cream*
Oysters*
Vegetable oil, all types*
Salmon, Atlantic, cooked*
Meat and Poultry Any amount Shrimp*
Unless stated otherwise
Snapper, naked*
Bacon, ham, pork*
Sole, baked*
Beef, all kinds*
Tuna, canned cup
Bologna*
Tuna salad w/ mayo cup
Chicken nuggets 6 nuggets
Snacks
Note serving size
Chicken/turkey, all parts*
Hotdog wiener/bratwurst no bun* Cheese puffs, corn based 1 oz
Lamb, cooked*
Corn chips 1 cup/small bag
Liver, beef, pork, chicken 4 oz
Fig bar 1 cookie, oz
Luncheon meat, ham, turkey*
Fruit cereal bar 1.35 oz
Meatloaf, beef, 4 oz
Popcorn 1 cup*
Organ meats, other 4 oz
Pretzels 1 oz
Sausage*
Tortilla chips 1 cup

Soy products , Note serving size

**TVP = Textured Veg Protein
Imitation bacon bits 1 Tb
Natto (fermented soybeans) 1 Tb*
Soy bacon 1 oz *
Soy cream cheese 1 Tb*
Soy flour, defatted 1Tb
Soy sauce 1Tb
Teriyaki sauce 1 Tb


Dairy and Eggs 1 cup serving
unless stated otherwise
Butter*
Buttermilk*
Cheese, American*
Cheese, all hard types*
Ricotta 12 cup*
Cottage cheese*
Cream*
Cream cheese*
Custard*
Eggs, Egg beater*
Frozen yogurt*
Half and Half*
Ice cream, vanilla*
Milk, all kinds*
Milk powder*
Sherbet, orange, raspberry*
Sour cream*
Yogurt, with allowed fruits*
Mixed Meals: 1 cup
Unless stated otherwise
Bacon, egg, cheese biscuits 1 item*
Enchiladas or taco sauce cup*
Fried rice with meat
Hamburger & bun 1 burger
Lamb, curried, no vegs*
Meatloaf, ground beef 4 oz
Quesadilla ~2 oz

Sources:
1) Oxalosis and Hyperoxaluria Foundation. Available at: http://www.ohf.org/docs/Oxalate2008.pdf. Accessed on 9/20/13
2) Mayo Clinic. Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/kidney-stones/DS00282/DSECTION=causes Accessed on: 9/20/13

Class 4: Low Continued

5 10 mg per serving * = less than 5 mg per serving

Sweets, Candy and Desserts
Note serving size
Angel food cake 1 oz
Butterscotch coating*
Cake, white, not frosted 1/8 of 18 oz
cake
Cookie, butter 1 oz
Cookie, gingersnap 1 oz
Cookie, Nutter Butter
Cookies, oatmeal 1.5 oz*
Cookies, oatmeal raisin 1oz
Cookies, sugar*
Doughnut, cake/raised, plain 1.75 oz
Gelatin*
Hershey kisses, milk choc. 1*
Jelly beans or Lifesavers*
Molasses 1T
Rice Krispie Treat Bar*
Powdered sugar*
Syrupts, corn, light*
Vanilla pudding*


Basil, fresh 1 Tb
Cilantro, raw 9 sprigs*
Garlic raw or powder, any amount*
Marjoram, dried*
Onion powder, any amount*
Pepper, white*
Savory, ground, any amount*

Beverages, any amount

Unless stated otherwise
Alcohol, distilled*
Beer, regular, light 12 fl. Oz*
Bloody Mary cup*
Carnation Instant Breakfast*
Coffee & Expresso*
Fruit punch, Hi-C, Kool-aid*
Herbal tea 2 cups*
Latte/Cappuccino with milk*
Lemonade *
Soda*
Wine red, white, blush*
Micellaneous items
Balsamic vinegar 1 Tb
Sugar, brown and white*
Cream of tartar
Honey*
Jelly or jam, w/ allowed fruits*
Pancake syrup*
Salt
Yeast, bakers, dry 1 pkt, oz
Spices and Herbs
Capers, canned any amount*
Cinnamon, ground
Ginger root, raw*
Mustard*
Oregano, dried
Peppermint, fresh*
Thyme, dried*
Vinegar, distilled, any amount*

Soup, sauces and gravies 1 cup

Unless stated otherwise
Cheese sauce cup*
Cheese soup
Chicken broth, home-prepared*
Chicken noodle soup 1 cup*
Fish broth*
Gravy, beef w/ drippings*
Gravy, turkey, w/drippinges*
Green pea soup*
Hollandaise sauce*
Ketchup, regular 3Tb
Lentil soup
Mustard
Salsa 1 Tb
Split pea soup
Tabasco *
Tomato soup*
White sauce cup
Worcestershire 1 Tb



Chili powder*
Will weed, fresh*
Horseradish, prepared*
Nutmeg, ground*
Parsley, fresh
Sage, ground*
Vanilla extract, any amount(

Sources:
1) Oxalosis and Hyperoxaluria Foundation. Available at: http://www.ohf.org/docs/Oxalate2008.pdf. Accessed on 9/20/13
2) Mayo Clinic. Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/kidney-stones/DS00282/DSECTION=causes Accessed on: 9/20/13