Problem 5.49 The tension in cable AB is 2 kN. What are the reactions at C in the two cases?

A 60 B C A 60 B C

2m (a)

1m

2m (b) CY MC CX

1m

Solution: First Case: The sum of the forces:

FX D CX T cos 60 D 0,

T 60 2m 1m Case (a)

from which CX D 2 0.5 D 1 kN FY D CY C T sin 60 C T D 0, from which CY D 1.866 2 D 3.732 kN.

CY MC CX

The sum of the moments about C is M D MC T sin 60 3T D 0,

Case (b)

from which MC D 3.866 2 D 7.732 kN Second Case: The weight of the beam is ignored, hence there are no external forces on the beam, and the reactions at C are zero.

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Problem 6.6 Determine the largest tensile and compressive forces that occur in the members of the truss, and indicate the members in which they occur if (a) (b) the dimension h D 0.1 m; the dimension h D 0.5 m.
h D

B A

Observe how a simple change in design affects the maximum axial loads.

1 kN 0.4 m C 0.6 m 1.2 m

0.7 m

Solution: To get the force components we use equations of the form TPQ D TPQ ePQ D TPQX i C TPQY j where P and Q take on the designations A, B, C, and D as needed.
Equilibrium yields At joint A: Fx D TABX C TACX D 0, and Fy D TABY C TACY 1 kN D 0.

y h 0.4 m

TAB

TAB

TBD TBD T BC TAC DX D TBC T TCD CD TAC DY C CY 0.6 m 1.2 m

A 1 kN 0.7 m x

At joint B: Fx D and Fy D TABX C TBCX C TBDX D 0, TABY C TBCY C TBDY D 0.

(b) For this part of the problem, we set h D 0.5 m. The unit vectors change because h is involved in the coordinates of point B. The new unit vectors are eAB D eAC D 0.986i C 0.164j, 0.864i 1j, 0.768i 0.640j, 0.504j,

At joint C: Fx D and Fy D TBCX TBCY TACX C TCDX D 0, TACY C TCDY C CY D 0.

eBC D 0i eBD D and eCD D

At joint D: Fx D and Fy D TCDX TCDY TBDX C DX D 0, TBDY C DY D 0.

0.832i C 0.555j.

We get the force components as above, and the equilibrium forces at the joints remain the same. Solving the equilibrium equations simultaneously for this situation yields TAB D 1.35 kN, TAC D TBC D 1.54 kN, 1.33,

Solve simultaneously to get TAB D TBD D 2.43 kN, TAC D 2.78 kN, 2.88 kN.

TBD D 1.74 kN, and TCD D 1.60 kN.

TBC D 0, TCD D

Note that with appropriate changes in the designation of points, the forces here are the same as those in Problem 6.4. This can be explained by noting from the unit vectors that AB and BC are parallel. Also note that in this conguration, BC carries no load. This geometry is the same as in Problem 6.4 except for the joint at B and member BC which carries no load. Remember member BC in this geometry we will encounter things like it again, will give it a special name, and will learn to recognize it on sight.

These numbers differ signicantly from (a). Most signicantly, member BD is now carrying a compressive load and this has reduced the loads in all members except member BD. Sharing the load among more members seems to have worked in this case.

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Problem 6.13 The truss supports loads at C and E. If F D 3 kN, what are the axial forces in members BC and BE?

1m A B

1m D

1m

1m G C F 2F E

Solution: The moment about A is

MA D 1F 4F C 3G D 0,

AY 1m AX

from which G D FY D AY

5 F D 5 kN. The sums of forces: 3

F 1m 45 EG Joint G AY
45 ,

3F C G D 0, 4 F D 4 kN. 3

1m DG DE 45 Joint D 45 BC AC

2F 1m

G BE 45 CE DE EG Joint E

DG BD G

from which AY D FX D AX D 0,

from which AX D 0. The interior angles GDE, EBC are 1 from which sin D cos D p . 2 Denote the axial force in a member joining I, K by IK. (1) Joint G : DG Fy D p C G D 0, 2 from which DG D p 2G D DG p 2 p 5 2 FD 3 EG D 0, p 5 2 kN C .

AC

AB 45

Joint A
from which BD D (3) Joint E : BE Fy D p 2 5 FD 3

CE F Joint C

5 kN C .

2F C DE D 0, p 2DE D p p 2 F D 2 kN T . 3

p from which BE D 2 2F

Fx D from which EG D (2) Joint D : Fy D from which DE D

Fx D from which CE D EG

CE

BE p C EG D 0, 2

DG 5 p D F D 5kN T . 3 2

BE 4 p D F D 4 kN T . 3 2

DE

DG p D 0, 2

5 F D 5 kN T . 3 DG BD C p D 0, 2

Fx D

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6.13 (Continued )
(4) Joint A: Fy D Ay AC p D 0, 2

p p 4 2 from which AC D F D 4 2 kN T . 3 AC Fx D AB C p D 0, 2 from which AB D (5) Joint C : AC Fy D BC C p 2 from which BC D F F D 0, AC p D 2 1 FD 3 4 FD 3 4 kN C .

1 kN C .

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Problem 6.21 Each member of the truss will safely support a tensile force of 4 kN and a compressive force of 1 kN. Determine the largest mass m that can safely be suspended.

1m

1m E

1m F

1m C 1m A B D m

Solution: The common interior angle BAC D DCE D EFD D CDB is D tan 1 1 D 45 .
1 Note cos D sin D p . Denote the axial force in a member joining 2 two points I, K by IK. Joint F : Fy D from which DF D Fx D DF p 2 W D 0,

EF

DF

CE

W Joint F CE CD BC Joint C

EF ED

ED CD

DF

Joint E BC BD AB B Joint B

BD Joint D

AC

p 2W C . EF DF p D 0, 2

Joint B: Fx D BD AB C p D 0, 2 2W C

from which AB D

from which EF D W T . Joint E: Fx D from which CE D Fy D from which ED D Joint D: DF FY D ED C p 2 from which BD D p 2 2W C . BD p 2 CD D 0, BD p D 0, 2 p CE p C EF D 0 2 2W T . CE p D 0, 2

ED WC.

This completes the determination of the axial forces in all nine members. The maximum tensile force occurs in member AC, p p 4 AC D 2 2W T , from which the safe load is W D p D 2 D 2 2 1.414 kN. The maximum compression occurs in member BD, BD D p 1 2 2W C , from which the maximum safe load is W D p D 2 2 0.3536 kN. The largest mass m that can be safely supported is 353.6 mD D 36.0 kg 9.81

DF FX D p 2 from which CD D W T Joint C: Fx D

CE AC p C p C CD D 0, 2 2

p from which AC D 2 2W T Fy D from which BC D CE AC p C p 2 2 WC BC D 0,

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