Passive Fire Protection

Fire design of concrete structures - Exercises

Prof. dr. ir.-arch. Emmanuel Annerel
Exercise 1
Derive the equation for continuous slabs and beams, as given
in EN 1992-1-2
2
Exercise 1 - solution
3
Exercise 2
Consider a continuous concrete slab with equal span lengths of 5 m and a slab
thickness of 200 mm (a=25mm). The slab is load carrying in 1 direction over
multiple intermediate supports. The slab is heated at the center span from
the bottom.
Materials:
Concrete C25/30
Longitudinal reinforcement (field: 250mm/m; support: 471mm/m), strength class
BE 500 S
Loads:
40 mm of floor finishing (screed + tiles) - g
k,floor finishing
: 1 kN/m
Dead weight of the slab - g
k,concrete slab
: 25 kN/m
Variable load - g
k,variable load
: 4.1 kN/m ;
2
=0.3
4
What is the fire resistance according to the table method?
Can the same value be derived with the 500C isotherm method?
Exercise 2 solution: table method
5
h
s
= h
slab
+ h
floor finishing
=200 + 40 mm = 240 mm
REI120
; a = 25 mm
Exercise 2 solution: 500C isoth. meth. (1)
LOADS
What is needed for the design?
M
Ed,fi
= ?
M
Ed,support
= ?
M
Ed,field
= ?
p
k,fi
=
2
. q
k,variable load
+ g
k,floor finishing
+ (g
k,concrete slab
. h)
= 0.3 . 4.1 + 1 + (25 . 0.2) = 7.23 kN/m
M
Ed,fi
= p
k,fi
. l
eff
/ 8 = 7.23 . 5 / 8 = 22.6 kNm/m
p
d
= 1.35 . (25 . 0.2 + 1) + 1.5 . 4.1 = 14.25 kN/m
M
Ed,support
= pl/12 = 14.25 . 5/12 = 29.7 kNm/m
M
Ed,field
= pl/24 = 14.25 . 5/24 = 14.84 kNm/m
6
Time ISO 834 [min] Temperature [C] * k
s
() ** M
Rd
,
fi,field
[kNm/m]
30 300 1 20.8
60 450 0.89 18.53
90 550 0.625 13.01
120 650 0.35 7.29
180 750 0.17 3.54
240 800 0.11 2.29
(*) Temperature read from Figure A.2, EN1992-1-2, p.64 with a = 25 mm
(**) From EN1992-1-2 p.33: Figure 4.2a (hot rolled)
Exercise 2 solution: 500C isoth. meth. (2)
FIELD MOMENT
M
Rd,fi,field
= (
s
/
s,fi
) . k
s
() . M
Ed,field
. (A
s,prov
/ A
s,req
)
= (1.15 / 1) . k
s
() . 14.84 . (250 / 204.9) = 20.8 . k
s
()
7
M
Ed,field
= 14.84 kNm/m EN1992-1-1 A
s,field, req
= 204.9 mm/m
Exercise 2 solution: 500C isoth. meth. (2)
FIELD MOMENT
M
Rd,fi,field
= (
s
/
s,fi
) . k
s
() . M
Ed,field
. (A
s,prov
/ A
s,req
)
= (1.15 / 1) . k
s
() . 14.84 . (250 / 204.9) = 20.8 . k
s
()
8
M
Ed,field
= 14.84 kNm/m EN1992-1-1 A
s,field, req
= 204.9 mm/m
Time ISO 834 [min] Temperature [C] * k
s
() ** M
Rd
,
fi,field
[kNm/m]
30 300 1 20.8
60 450 0.89 18.53
90 550 0.625 13.01
120 650 0.35 7.29
180 750 0.17 3.54
240 800 0.11 2.29
(*) Temperature read from Figure A.2, EN1992-1-2, p.64 with a = 25 mm
(**) From EN1992-1-2 p.33: Figure 4.2a (hot rolled)
Exercise 2 solution: 500C isoth. meth. (3)
INTERMEDIATE SUPPORT MOMENT
M
Rd,fi,support
= (
s
/
s,fi
) . k
s
() . M
Ed,support
. (A
s,prov
/ A
s,req
) . (d a) / d
= (1.15 / 1) . k
s
() . 29.7 . (471 / 409.5) . (175 25) / 175
with k
s
() = 1, because temperature at top is < 350C
= 33.67 kNm/m
9
M
Ed,support
= 29.7 kNm/m EN1992-1-1 A
s,support, req
= 409.5 mm/m
Time ISO834
[min]
( M
Rd,fi,support,1
+ M
Rd,fi,support,2
) / 2
[kNm/m]
M
Rd,fi,field
[kNm/m]
Sum
[kNm/m]
M
Ed,fi
[kNm/m]

30 33.67 20.8 54.47 >22.6 OK
60 33.67 18.53 52.20 >22.6 OK
90 33.67 13.01 46.68 >22.6 OK
120 33.67 7.29 40.96 >22.6 OK
180 33.67 3.54 37.21 >22.6 OK
240 33.67 2.29 35.96 >22.6 OK

Exercise 2 solution: 500C isoth. meth. (4)
CONTROL OF FIRE RESISTANCE
( M
Rd
,
fi,support,1
+ M
Rd
,
fi,support,2
) / 2 + M
Rd
,
fi,field
M
Ed,fi
10
Time ISO834
[min]
( M
Rd,fi,support,1
+ M
Rd,fi,support,2
) / 2
[kNm/m]
M
Rd,fi,field
[kNm/m]
Sum
[kNm/m]
M
Ed,fi
[kNm/m]

30 33.67 20.8 54.47 >22.6 OK
60 33.67 18.53 52.20 >22.6 OK
90 33.67 13.01 46.68 >22.6 OK
120 33.67 7.29 40.96 >22.6 OK
180 33.67 3.54 37.21 >22.6 OK
240 33.67 2.29 35.96 >22.6 OK

Exercise 2 solution: 500C isoth. meth. (4)
CONTROL OF FIRE RESISTANCE
( M
Rd
,
fi,support,1
+ M
Rd
,
fi,support,2
) / 2 + M
Rd
,
fi,field
M
Ed,fi
11
CONCLUSION: The slab designed has a fire resistance of REI 120, and even REI 240!
(CAUTION! The slab can still fail due to shear! This should now be controlled Also, spalling is not considered!)
Exercise 3
Consider a concrete slab with dimensions 3 m x 5 m and simply supported at
its 4 edges, which is heated only from the bottom.
Materials :
Concrete C 25/30
Reinforcement grid 5 x 8mm/m, BE 500 S
Loads:
M
vx
= 8.8 kNm/m
M
vy
= 2.9 kNm/m
Concrete cover = 46 mm
Slab thickness = 180 mm
REI 240?
12
Exercise 3 - Solution
Loads ( = 0.7)
M
vx,fire
= M
vx
. = 8.8 x 0.7 = 6.2 kNm/m
M
vy,fire
= M
vy
. = 2.9 x 0.7 = 2.0 kNm/m
R 240?
a
x
= c + /2 = 46 + 8/2 = 50 mm
a
y
= c + + /2 = 46 + 8+ 8/2 = 58 mm
T(a
x
) = 570C ; T(a
y
) = 500C
k
s
(T
ax
) = 0.55 ; k
s
(T
ay
) = 0.8
A
s
= 5 . . (/2) = 251 mm/m
d
x
= h - a
x
= 180 - 50 mm = 130 mm
d
y
= h - a
y
= 180 - 58 = 122 mm
M
Rvx,fi
= A
s
. f
yk
. k
s
(T) . 0.9 . d
x
= 251 . 500 . 0.55 . 0.9 . 130
= 8.07 kNm/m
M
Rvy,fi
= A
s
. f
yk
. k
s
(T) . 0.9 . d
y
= 251 . 500 . 0.8 . 0.9 . 122
= 11.02 kNm/m
EI 240?
T 140C ?? Probably need for a floor finishing!
Or insulation (EN13381-3), or additional concrete 13
a
x
a
y
k
s
(T
ax
)
k
s
(T
ay
)
T
ax
T
ay
OK! > M
vx,fire
OK! > M
vy,fire
Exercise 4
Simply supported concrete beam with a rectangular shaped cross section. The span
length is 4 m, the total height of the beam is 500 mm and its width is 200 mm. The
beam is heated according to ISO 834 curve from 3 sides.
Materials :
- Concrete C 30/37
- Longitudinal reinforcement 10 mm, strength class BE 500 S
- Stirrups 8 mm, strength class BE 500 S
Loads:
- Variable load: 22.4 kN/m
14
What is the maximum fire resistance
according to the table method?
Illustrate this with the 500C isotherm
method.
40 mm
70 mm
100 mm
200 mm
500 mm
38 mm
Exercise 4 Solution (1)
15
Element
Axis
distance
to side
face
(mm)
Axis
distance to
bottom
face (mm)
Fig. A4-b:
Beam
300 mm
x 160 mm
R 60
Fig. A7-a:
Beam
600 mm
x 300 mm
R 60
2 corner bars 40 38 520 C 500 C
2 intermediate
bars
70 38 430 C 390 C
1 central bar 100 38 420 C 350 C
Width
compression zone
with temperatures
500C
200 mm 2 . 22.5
mm = 155 mm
200 mm 2 .
21.43 mm =
157.14 mm
b
min
= 200 mm
R 60 is possible
Exercise 4 Solution (2)
16
Element
Axis
distance
to side
face
(mm)
Axis
distance to
bottom
face (mm)
Fig. A4-b:
Beam
300 mm
x 160 mm
R 60
Fig. A7-a:
Beam
600 mm
x 300 mm
R 60
2 corner bars 40 38 520 C 500 C
2 intermediate
bars
70 38 430 C 390 C
Central bar 100 38 420 C 350 C
Width
compression zone
with temperatures
500C
- -
200 mm 2 . 22.5
mm = 155 mm
200 mm 2 .
21.43 mm =
157.14 mm
Exercise 4 Solution (2)
17
Element
Axis
distance
to side
face
(mm)
Axis
distance to
bottom
face (mm)
Fig. A4-b:
Beam
300 mm
x 160 mm
R 60
Fig. A7-a:
Beam
600 mm
x 300 mm
R 60
2 corner bars 40 38 520 C 500 C
2 intermediate
bars
70 38 430 C 390 C
Central bar 100 38 420 C 350 C
Width
compression zone
with temperatures
500C
- -
200 mm 2 . 22.5
mm = 155 mm
200 mm 2 .
21.43 mm =
157.14 mm
Exercise 4 Solution (3)
The total tensile force in the longitudinal reinforcing steel is given by:
F
s
(T) = 2 . A
bar
. f
y,corner
(T) + 2 . A
bar
. f
y,intermediate
(T) + A
bar
. f
y,central
(T)
= 2 . 78.53 mm . 365 N/mm + 2 . 78.53 mm . 475 N/mm + 78.53 mm . 475 N/mm
= 169.232 kN
The total compressive force in the concrete is given by:
F
c
(T) = b(T) . 0.8 . x . f
ck
= 155 mm . 0.8 . 30 N/mm . x
= 3720 N/mm . x
18
Reinforcement k
s
(T) f
y
(T)
Central bar at 420 C 0.95 475 N/mm
Intermediate bars at 430 C 0.95 475 N/mm
Corner bars at 520 C 0.73 365 N/mm
Exercise 4 Solution (4)
Balance of the forces results in the position x of the neutral axis.
F
s
(T) = F
c
(T) or 169232 N = 3720 N/mm . x
From which: x = 169232 N / 3720 N/mm = 45.49 mm
The level arm z between the compressive and tensile force is:
z = d (0.8 . x) / 2 = 462 mm 0.8 . 45.49 mm /2 = 443.8 mm
From this, the resisting bending moment can be calculated
M
Rd
(T) = F
s
(T) . z = 169.232 kN . 0.4438 m = 75.1 kNm
The applied moment (with y
2
= 0.3) is given by:
M
Ed
(T) = (2.5 kN/m + 0.3 . 22.4 kN/m) . (4 m) / 8 = 18.44 kNm.
Or for the alternative method:
M
Ed
(T) = 0.7 . M
Ed
= 0.7 . 73.95 kNm= 51.765 kNm
This value is smaller than the resisting moment and the beam will not fail.
19
Exercise 4 Solution (5)
This result is only valid if the strain of the reinforcement is larger than 2% bedraagt,
because curve 1 of figure 4.2-a of EN 1992-1-2 is used.
Assuming a compression of 3.5 at the top fiber and the known position x of the
neutral axis, a steel strain of 32.04 or 3.204 % is found. Thus, the calculated
resisting moment is valid.
20

c
= 3.5

s
= ?
d -x
x
3.5

s
x
(d x)
=

s
=
3.5
x
(d x)
=
3.5
45.49
(462 45.49)
= 32.04