The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) CHAPTER 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS SECTION 101.

Title This Decree shall be known as the National Building Code of the Philippines and shall hereinafter be referred to as the Code. SECTION 102. Declaration of Policy It is hereby declared to be the policy of the tate to safeguard life! health! property! and public welfare! consistent with the principles of sound en"iron#ental #anage#ent and control$ and to this end! #ake it the purpose of this Code to pro"ide for all buildings and structures! a fra#ework of #ini#u# standards and re%uire#ents to regulate and control their location! site! design! %uality of #aterials! construction! use! occupancy! and #aintenance. SECTION 10 . Sco!e an" A!!lication &a' The pro"isions of this Code shall apply to the design! location! siting! construction! alteration! repair! con"ersion! use! occupancy! #aintenance! #o"ing! de#olition of! and addition to public and pri"ate buildings and structures! e(cept traditional indigenous fa#ily dwellings as defined herein. &b' Buildings and)or structures constructed before the appro"al of this Code shall not be affected thereby e(cept when alterations! additions! con"ersions or repairs are to be #ade therein in which case! this Code shall apply only to portions to be altered! added! con"erted or repaired. SECTION 10#. General $%il"in& Re'%ire(ent) &a' *ll buildings or structures as well as accessory facilities thereto shall confor# in all respects to the principles of safe construction and #ust be suited to the purpose for which they are designed. &b' Buildings or structures intended to be used for the #anufacture and)or production of any kind of article or product shall obser"e ade%uate en"iron#ental safeguards. &c' Buildings or structures and all parts thereof as well as all facilities found therein shall be #aintained in safe! sanitary and good working condition. SECTION 10*. Site Re'%ire(ent) The land or site upon which will be constructed any building or structure! or any ancillary or au(illary facility thereto! shall be sanitary! hygienic or safe. In the case of sites or buildings intended for use as hu#an habitation or abode! the sa#e shall be at a safe distance! as deter#ined by co#petent authorities! fro# strea#s or bodies of water and)or sources of air considered to be polluted$ fro# a "olcano or "olcanic site and)or any other building considered to be a potential source of fire or e(plosion. SECTION 10+. Definition) *s used in this Code! the words! ter#s and phrases enu#erated in *nne( * hereof shall ha"e the #eaning or definition! correspondingly pro"ided therein. ,-

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) CHAPTER 2 AD.INISTRATION AND EN/ORCE.ENT SECTION 201. Re)!on)i0ility for A"(ini)tration an" Enforce(ent The ad#inistration and enforce#ent of the pro"isions of this Code including the i#position of penalties for ad#inistrati"e "iolations thereof is hereby "ested in the ecretary of Public +orks! Transportation and Co##unications! hereinafter referred to as the ecretary. SECTION 202. Tec1nical Staff The ecretary is hereby authori,ed to constitute and pro"ide in his Depart#ent a professional staff co#posed of highly %ualified architects! engineers and technicians who possess di"ersified and professional e(perience in the field of building design and construction. SECTION 20 . General Po2er) an" /%nction) of t1e Secretary %n"er t1i) Co"e -or purposes of carrying out the pro"isions of this Code! the e(ercise the following general powers and functions. ecretary shall

&/' -or#ulate policies! plans! standards and guidelines on building design! construction! use! occupancy and #aintenance! in accordance with this Code. &0' Issue and pro#ulgate rules and regulations to i#ple#ent the pro"isions of this Code and ensure co#pliance with policies! plans! standards and guidelines for#ulated under paragraph / of this ection. &1' 2"aluate! re"iew! appro"e and)or take final action on changes and)or a#end#ents to e(isting 3eferral Codes as well as on the incorporation of other referral codes which are not yet e(pressly #ade part of this Code. &4' Prescribe and fi( the a#ount of fees and other charges that the Building 5fficial shall collect in connection with the perfor#ance of regulatory functions. SECTION 20#. Profe))ional an" Tec1nical A))i)tance The ecretary with the assistance of his technical staff shall pro"ide such professional! technical! scientific and other ser"ices including testing laboratories and facilities as #ay be re%uired to carry out the pro"isions of this Code$ Pro"ided that the ecretary #ay secure such ser"ices as he #ay dee# necessary fro# other agencies of the National 6o"ern#ent and #ay #ake arrange#ent for the co#pensation of such ser"ices. 7e #ay also engage and co#pensate within appropriations a"ailable therefore! the ser"ices of such nu#ber of consultants! e(perts and ad"isers on full or part8ti#e basis! as #ay be necessary! co#ing fro# the go"ern#ent or pri"ate businesses! entities or associations to carry out the pro"isions of this Code. SECTION 20*. $%il"in& Official) 2(cept as otherwise pro"ided herein! the Building 5fficial shall be responsible for carrying out the pro"isions of this Code in the field as well as the enforce#ent of orders and decisions #ade pursuant thereto. Due to the e(igencies of the ser"ice! the ecretary #ay designate incu#bent Public +orks District 2ngineers! City 2ngineers and 9unicipal 2ngineers to act as Building 5fficials in their respecti"e areas of :urisdiction. ,3

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) The designation #ade by the ecretary under this ection shall continue until regular positions of Building 5fficial are pro"ided or unless sooner ter#inated for causes pro"ided by law or decree. SECTION 20+. 4%alification) of $%il"in& Official) No person shall be appointed as a Building 5fficial unless he possesses the following %ualifications. /. * -ilipino citi,en and of good #oral character. 0. * duly registered architect or ci"il engineer. 1. * #e#ber of good standing of a duly accredited organi,ation of his profession for not less than two years. 4. 7as at least fi"e years of di"ersified and professional e(perience in building design and construction. SECTION 20-. D%tie) of a $%il"in& Official In his respecti"e territorial :urisdiction! the Building 5fficial shall be pri#arily responsible for the enforce#ent of the pro"isions of this Code as well as of the i#ple#enting rules and regulations issued therefor. 7e is the official charged with the duties of issuing building per#its. In the perfor#ance of his duties! a Building 5fficial #ay enter any building or its pre#ises at all reasonable ti#es to inspect and deter#ine co#pliance with the re%uire#ents of this Code! and the ter#s and conditions pro"ided for in the building per#it as issued. +hen any building work is found to be contrary to the pro"isions of this Code! the Building 5fficial #ay order the work stopped and prescribe the ter#s and)or conditions when the work will be allowed to resu#e. ;ikewise! the Building 5fficial is authori,ed to order the discontinuance of the occupancy or use of any building or structure or portion thereof found to be occupied or used contrary to the pro"isions of this Code. SECTION 203. /ee) 2"ery Building 5fficial shall keep a per#anent record and accurate account of all fees and other charges fi(ed and authori,ed by the ecretary to be collected and recei"ed under this Code. ub:ect to e(isting budgetary! accounting and auditing rules and regulations! the Building 5fficial is hereby authori,ed to retain not #ore than twenty percent of his collection for the operating e(penses of his office. The re#aining eighty percent shall be deposited with the city or #unicipal treasurer and shall accrue to the 6eneral -und of the pro"ince! city or #unicipality concerned. SECTION 20,. E5e(!tion Public buildings and traditional indigenous fa#ily dwellings shall be e(e#pt fro# pay#ent of building per#it fees. *s used in this Code! the ter# traditional indigenous fa#ily dwelling #eans a dwelling intended for the use and occupancy by the fa#ily of the owner only and constructed of nati"e #aterials such as ba#boo! nipa! logs! or lu#ber! the total cost of which does not e(ceed fifteen thousand pesos. SECTION 210. 6)e of Inco(e fro( /ee) *ny pro"ision of law to the contrary notwithstanding! the ecretary is hereby authori,ed to prescribe the procedures for the use of all net inco#e reali,ed by the office of the Building 5fficial fro# the collection of fees and charges not e(ceeding twenty percent thereof in accordance with ection 0<=. ,,

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) uch inco#e #ay be used to co"er necessary operating e(penses including the purchase of e%uip#ent! supplies and #aterials! tra"eling e(penses! obligation e(penses and sheriff>s fees and pay#ent of other prior years> obligations not ade%uately funded! sub:ect to e(isting budgetary and auditing rules and regulations.

SECTION 211. I(!le(entin& R%le) an" Re&%lation) In the i#ple#entation of the pro"isions of this Code! the ecretary shall for#ulate necessary rules and regulations and adopt design and construction standards and criteria for buildings and other structures. uch standards! rules and regulations shall take effect after their publication once a week for three consecuti"e weeks in a newspaper of general circulation. SECTION 212. A"(ini)trati7e /ine) -or the "iolation of any of the pro"isions of this Code or any of the rules or regulations issued thereunder! the ecretary is hereby e#powered to prescribe and i#pose fines not e(ceeding ten thousand pesos. SECTION 21 . Penal Pro7i)ion) It shall be unlawful for any person! fir# or corporation! to erect! construct! enlarge! alter! repair! #o"e! i#pro"e! re#o"e! con"ert! de#olish! e%uip! use! occupy! or #aintain any building or structure or cause the sa#e to be done contrary to or in "iolation of any pro"ision of this Code. *ny person! fir# or corporation who shall "iolate any of the pro"isions of this Code and)or co##it any act hereby declared to be unlawful shall upon con"iction! be punished by a fine of not #ore than twenty thousand pesos or by i#prison#ent of not #ore than two years or by both such fine and i#prison#ent. Pro"ided! that in the case of a corporation fir#! partnership or association! the penalty shall be i#posed upon its officials responsible for such "iolation and in case the guilty party is an alien! he shall i##ediately be deported after pay#ent of the fine and)or ser"ice of his sentence. SECTION 21#. Dan&ero%) an" R%ino%) $%il"in&) or Str%ct%re) Dangerous buildings are those which are herein declared as such or are structurally unsafe or not pro"ided with safe egress! or which constitute a fire ha,ard! or are otherwise dangerous to hu#an life! or which in relation to e(isting use! constitute a ha,ard to safety or health or public welfare because of inade%uate #aintenance! dilapidation! obsolescence! or abandon#ent$ or which otherwise contribute to the pollution of the site or the co##unity to an intolerable degree. SECTION 21*. A0ate(ent of Dan&ero%) $%il"in&) +hen any building or structure is found or declared to be dangerous or ruinous! the Building 5fficial shall order its repair! "acation or de#olition depending upon the degree of danger to life! health! or safety. This is without pre:udice to further action that #ay be taken under the pro"isions of *rticles 4=0 and ?@4 to A<A of the Ci"il Code of the Philippines. SECTION 21+. Ot1er Re(e"ie) The rights! actions and re#edies pro"ided in this Code shall be in addition to any and all other rights of action and re#edies that #ay be a"ailable under e(isting laws. 100

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096)

101

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) CHAPTER PER.ITS AND INSPECTION SECTION 01. $%il"in& Per(it) No person! fir# or corporation! including any agency or instru#entality of the go"ern#ent shall erect! construct! alter! repair! #o"e! con"ert or de#olish any building or structure or cause the sa#e to be done without first obtaining a building per#it therefor fro# the Building 5fficial assigned in the place where the sub:ect building is located or the building work is to be done. SECTION 02. A!!lication for Per(it) In order to obtain a building per#it! the applicant shall file an application therefor in writing and on the prescribed for# fro# the 5ffice of the Building 5fficial. 2"ery application shall pro"ide at least the following infor#ation. &/' * description of the work to be co"ered by the per#it applied for$ &0' Certified true copy of the TCT co"ering the lot on which the proposed work is to be done. If the applicant is not the registered owner! in addition to the TCT! a copy of the contract of lease shall be sub#itted$ &1' The use or occupancy for which the proposal work is intended$ &4' 2sti#ated cost of the proposed work. To be sub#itted together with such application are at least fi"e sets of corresponding plans and specifications prepared! signed and sealed by a duly registered #echanical engineer in case of #echanical plans! and by a registered electrical engineer in case of electrical plans! e(cept in those cases e(e#pted or not re%uired by the Building 5fficial under this Code. SECTION 0 . Proce))in& of $%il"in& Per(it) The processing of building per#its shall be under the o"erall ad#inistrati"e control and super"ision of the Building 5fficial and his technical staff of %ualified professionals. In processing an application for a building per#it! the Building 5fficial shall see to it that the applicant satisfies and confor#s with appro"ed standard re%uire#ents on ,oning and land use! lines and grades! structural design! sanitary and sewerage! en"iron#ental health! electrical and #echanical safety as well as with other rules and regulations pro#ulgated in accordance with the pro"isions of this Code. SECTION 0#. I))%ance of $%il"in& Per(it) +hen satisfied that the work described in an application for building per#it and the plans and specifications sub#itted therewith! confor# to the re%uire#ents of this Code and other pertinent rules and regulations! the Building 5fficial shall! within fifteen days fro# pay#ent of the re%uired fees by the applicant! issue the building per#it applied for. The Building 5fficial #ay issue a per#it for the construction of only a part or portion of a building or structure whene"er the plans and specifications sub#itted together with the application do not co"er the entire building or structure. *ppro"ed plans and specifications shall not be changed! #odified or altered without the appro"al of the Building 5fficial and the work shall be done strictly in accordance thereto.

102

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) SECTION 0*. Vali"ity of $%il"in& Per(it) The issuance of a building per#it shall not be construed as an appro"al or authori,ation to the per#ittee to disregard or "iolate any of the pro"isions of this Code. +hene"er the issuance of a per#it is based on appro"ed plans and specifications which are subse%uently found defecti"e! the Building 5fficial is not precluded fro# re%uiring per#ittee to effect the necessary corrections in said plans and specifications or fro# pre"enting or ordering the stoppage of any or all building operations being carried on thereunder which are in "iolation of this Code. * building per#it issued under the pro"isions of this Code shall e(pire and beco#e null and "oid if the building or work authori,ed therein is not co##enced within a period of one year fro# the date of such per#it! or if the building or work so authori,ed is suspended or abandoned at any ti#e after it has been co##enced! for a period of /0< days. SECTION 0+. Non8I))%ance9 S%)!en)ion or Re7ocation of $%il"in& Per(it) The Building 5fficial #ay order or cause the non8issuance! suspension or re"ocation of building per#its on any or all of the following reasons or grounds. &a' 2rrors found in the plans and specifications$ &b' Incorrect or inaccurate data or infor#ation supplied$ &c' Non8co#pliance with the pro"isions of this Code or of any rule or regulation. Notice of non8issuance! suspension or re"ocation of building per#its shall always be #ade in writing! stating the reason or grounds therefor. SECTION 0-. A!!eal +ithin fifteen &/B' days fro# the date of receipt of ad"ice of the non8issuance! suspension or re"ocation of per#its! the applicant)per#ittee #ay file an appeal with the ecretary who shall render his decision within fifteen days fro# date of receipt of notice of appeal. The decision of the ecretary shall be final sub:ect only to re"iew by the 5ffice of the President. SECTION 03. In)!ection an" S%!er7i)ion of :or; The owner of the Building who is issued or granted a building per#it under this Code shall engage the ser"ices of a duly licensed architect or ci"il engineer to undertake the full ti#e inspection and super"ision of the construction work. uch architect or ci"il engineer #ay or #ay not be the sa#e architect or ci"il engineer who is responsible for the design of the building. It is understood howe"er that in either case! the designing architect or ci"il engineer is not precluded fro# conducting inspection of the construction work to check and deter#ine co#pliance with the plans and specifications of the building as sub#itted. There shall be kept at the :obsite at all ti#es a logbook wherein the actual progress of construction including tests conducted! weather conditions and other pertinent data are to be recorded. Cpon co#pletion of the construction! the said licensed architect or ci"il engineer shall sub#it the logbook! duly signed and sealed! to the Building 5fficial. 7e shall also prepare and sub#it a Certificate of Co#pletion of the pro:ect stating that the construction of building confor#s to the pro"isions of this Code as well as with the appro"ed plans and specifications. SECTION 0,. Certificate of Occ%!ancy No building or structure shall be used or occupied and no change in the e(isting use or occupancy classification of a building or structure or portion thereof shall be #ade 10

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) until the Building 5fficial has issued a Certificate of 5ccupancy therefor as pro"ided in this Code. * Certificate of 5ccupancy shall be issued by the Building 5fficial within thirty &1<' days if after final inspection and sub#ittal of a Certificate of Co#pletion referred to in the preceding ection! it is found that the building or structure co#plies with the pro"isions of this Code. The Certificate of 5ccupancy shall be posted or displayed in a conspicuous place on the pre#ises and shall not be re#o"ed e(cept upon order of the Building 5fficial. The non8issuance! suspension and re"ocation of Certificates of 5ccupancy and the procedure for appeal therefro# shall be go"erned in so far as applicable! by the pro"isions of ection 1<? and 1<A of this Code.

10#

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) CHAPTER # T<PES O/ CONSTR6CTION SECTION #01. Ty!e) of Con)tr%ction -or purposes of this Code! all buildings proposed for construction shall be classified or identified according to the following types. &/' Type I D Type I buildings shall be of wood construction. The structural ele#ents #ay be any of the #aterials per#itted by this Code. &0' Type II D Type II buildings shall be of wood construction with protecti"e fire8resistant #aterials and one8hour fire8resisti"e throughout. Except, that per#anent non8 bearing partitions #ay use fire8retardant treated wood within the fra#ing asse#bly. &1' Type III D Type III buildings shall be of #asonry and wood construction. tructural ele#ents #ay be any of the #aterials per#itted by this Code. Pro"ided! that the building shall be one8hour fire8resisti"e throughout. 2(terior walls shall be of inco#bustible fire8resisti"e construction. &4' Type IE D Type IE buildings shall be of steel! iron! concrete! or #asonry construction. +alls! ceilings! and per#anent partitions shall be of inco#bustible fire8 resisti"e construction. Except, that per#anent non8bearing partitions of one8hour fire8 resisti"e construction #ay use fire8retardant treated wood within the fra#ing asse#bly. &B' Type E D Type E buildings shall be fire8resisti"e. The structural ele#ents shall be of steel! iron! concrete! or #asonry construction. +alls! ceilings! and per#anent partitions shall be of inco#bustible fire8resisti"e construction. SECTION #02. C1an&e) in Ty!e) No change shall be #ade in the type of construction of any building which would place the building in a different sub8type or type of construction unless such building is #ade to co#ply with the re%uire#ents for such sub8type of construction. Except, when the changes is appro"ed by the Building 5fficial upon showing that the new or proposed construction is less ha,ardous! based on life and fire risk! than the e(isting construction. SECTION #0 . Re'%ire(ent) on Ty!e of Con)tr%ction ub:ect to the pro"isions of this Chapter! the ecretary shall prescribe standards for each type of construction! and pro#ulgate rules and regulations therefor! relating to structural fra#ework! e(terior walls and openings! interior walls and enclosures! floors! e(its and stairs construction! and roofs.

10*

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) CHAPTER * RE46IRE.ENTS /OR /IRE =ONES SECTION *01. /ire =one) Define" -ire ,ones are areas within which only certain types of buildings are per#itted to be constructed based on their use or occupancy! type of construction! and resistance to fire. SECTION *02. $%il"in&) locate" in (ore t1an One /ire =one * building or structure which is located partly in one fire ,one and partly in another shall be considered to be in the #ore highly restricti"e fire ,one! when #ore than one8third of its total floor area is located in such ,one. SECTION *0 . .o7e" $%il"in& *ny building or structure #o"ed within or into any fire ,one shall be #ade to co#ply with all the re%uire#ents for buildings in that fire ,one. SECTION *0#. Te(!orary $%il"in&) Te#porary buildings such as re"iewing stands and other #iscellaneous structures confor#ing to the re%uire#ents of this Code! and sheds! canopies and fences used for the protection of the public around and in con:unction with construction work! #ay be erected in the fire ,ones by special per#it fro# the Building 5fficial for a li#ited period of ti#e! and such buildings or structures shall be8co#pletely re#o"ed upon the e(piration of the ti#e li#it stated in such per#its. SECTION *0*. Center Line) of Street) -or the purpose of this Chapter! the center line of an ad:oining street or alley #ay be considered an ad:acent property line. Distances shall be #easured at right angles to the street or alley. SECTION *0+. Re)triction) on E5i)tin& $%il"in&) 2(isting buildings or structures in fire ,ones that do not co#ply with the re%uire#ents for a new building erected therein shall not hereafter be enlarged! altered! re#odeled! repaired or #o"ed e(cept as follows. &a' uch building is entirely de#olished$ &b' uch building is to be #o"ed outside the li#its of the #ore highly restricti"e -ire Fone to a ,one where the building #eets the #ini#u# standards$ &c' Changes! alterations and repairs #ay be #ade pro"ided that in any /08#onth period! the "alue of the work does not e(ceed twenty percent of the "alue of the e(isting building! and pro"ided that! such changes do not add additional co#bustible #aterial! and do not! in the opinion of the Building 5fficial! increase the fire ha,ard$ &d' *dditions thereto are separated fro# the e(isting building by fire walls! as set forth in ub8section ?<4 &b'$ &e' Da#age fro# fire or earth%uake! typhoons or any fortuitous e"ent #ay be repaired! using the sa#e kind of #aterials of which the building or structure was originally constructed! pro"ided that! the cost of such repair shall not e(ceed twenty percent of the replace#ent cost of the building or structure. 10+

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096)

SECTION *0-. De)i&nation of /ire =one) The ecretary shall pro#ulgate specific restrictions for each type of -ire Fone. Cities and #unicipalities shall be di"ided into such -ire Fones in accordance with local! physical! and spatial fra#ework plans sub#itted by city or #unicipal planning and)or de"elop#ent bodies.

10-

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) CHAPTER + /IRE8RESISTIVE RE46IRE.ENTS IN CONSTR6CTION SECTION +01. /ire8Re)i)ti7e Ratin& "efine" -ire8resisti"e rating #eans the degree to which a #aterial can withstand fire as deter#ined by generally recogni,ed and accepted testing #ethods. SECTION +02. /ire8Re)i)ti7e Ti(e Perio" Ratin& -ire8resisti"e ti#e period rating is the length of ti#e a #aterial can withstand being burned which #ay be one8hour! two8hours! three8hours! four8hours! etc. SECTION +0 . /ire8Re)i)ti7e Stan"ar") *ll #aterials of construction! and asse#blies or co#binations thereof shall be classified according to their fire8retardant or fla#e8spread ratings as deter#ined by general accepted testing #ethods and)or by the ecretary. SECTION +0#. /ire8Re)i)ti7e Re&%lation) The ecretary shall prescribe standards and pro#ulgate rules and regulations on the testing of construction #aterials for fla#e8spread characteristics! tests on fire da#ages! fire tests of building construction and #aterials! door asse#blies and tinclad fire doors and window asse#blies! the installation of fire doors and windows and s#oke and fire detectors for fire protecti"e signaling syste#! application and use of controlled interior finish! fire8 resisti"e protection for structural #e#bers! fire8resisti"e walls and partitions! fire8resisti"e floor or roof ceiling! fire8resisti"e asse#blies for protection of openings and fire8retardant roof co"erings.

103

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) CHAPTER CLASSI/ICATION AND GENERAL RE46IRE.ENT O/ ALL $6ILDINGS $< 6SE OR OCC6PANC< SECTION -01. Occ%!ancy Cla))ifie" &a' Buildings proposed for construction shall be identified according to their use or the character of its occupancy and shall be classified as follows. &/' 6roup * D Re idential D!elling 6roup * 5ccupancies shall be dwellings. &0' 6roup B D Re idential , "otel and #pa$t%ent 6roup B 5ccupancies shall be #ultiple dwelling units including boarding or lodging houses! hotels! apart#ent buildings! row houses! con"ents! #onasteries and other si#ilar building each of which acco##odates #ore than /< persons. &1' 6roup C D Education and Rec$eation 6roup C 5ccupancies shall be buildings used for school or day8care purposes! in"ol"ing asse#blage for instruction! education! or recreation! and not classified in 6roup I or in Di"ision / and 0 or 6roup 7 5ccupancies. &4' 6roup D D &n titutional 6roup D 5ccupancies shall include. Di'i ion 1 ( 9ental hospitals! #ental sanitaria! :ails! prisons! refor#atories! and buildings were personal liberties of in#ates are si#ilarly restrained. Di'i ion ) D Nurseries for full8ti#e care of children under kindergarten age! hospitals! sanitaria! nursing ho#es with non8a#bulatory patients! and si#ilar buildings each acco##odating #ore than fi"e persons. Di'i ion * D Nursing ho#es for a#bulatory patients! ho#es for children of kindergarten age or o"er! each acco##odating #ore than fi"e persons. Pro"ided! that 6roup D 5ccupancies shall not include buildings used only for pri"ate or fa#ily group dwelling purposes. &B' 6roup 2 D Bu ine and +e$cantile 6roup 2 5ccupancies shall include. Di'i ion 1 D 6asoline filling and ser"ice stations! storage garages and boat storage structures where no work is done e(cept e(change of parts and #aintenance re%uiring no open fla#e! welding! or the use of highly fla##able li%uids. Di'i ion ) D +holesale and retail stores! office buildings! drinking and dining establish#ents ha"ing an occupant load of less than one hundred persons! printing plants! police and fire stations! factories and workshops using not highly fla##able or co#bustible #aterials and paint stores without bulk handlings. Di'i ion * D *ircraft hangars and open parking garages where no repair work is done e(cept e(change of parts and #aintenance re%uiring no open fla#e! welding or the use of highly fla##able li%uids. &?' 6roup - D &ndu t$ial 6roup - 5ccupancies shall include. ice plants! power plants! pu#ping plants! cold storage! and crea#eries! factories and workshops using inco#bustible and non8e(plosi"e #aterials! and storage and sales roo#s for inco#bustible and non8 e(plosi"e #aterials. &A' 6roup 6 D ,to$age and "a-a$dou 6roups 6 5ccupancies shall include. Di'i ion 1 D torage and handling of ha,ardous and highly fla##able #aterial. Di'i ion ) D torage and handling of fla##able #aterials! dry cleaning plants using fla##able li%uids$ paint stores with bulk handling! paint shops and spray painting roo#s. Di'i ion * D +ood working establish#ents! planning #ills and bo( factories! shops! factories where loose co#bustible fibers or dust are 10,

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) #anufactured! processed or generated$ warehouses where highly co#bustible #aterials is stored. Di'i ion . ( 3epair garages. Di'i ion / D *ircrafts repair hangars. &=' 6roup 7 D # e%0l1 2the$ Than 3$oup & 6roup 7 5ccupancies shall include. Di'i ion 1 ( *ny asse#bly building with a stage and an occupant load of less than /<<< in the building. Di'i ion ) ( *ny asse#bly building without stage and ha"ing an occupant load of 1<< or #ore in the building. Di'i ion * D *ny asse#bly building without a stage and ha"ing an occupant load of less than 1<< in the building. Di'i ion . D tadia! re"iewing stands! a#use#ent park structures not included within 6roup I or in Di"ision /! 0! and 1 of this 6roup. &@' 6roup I D # e%0l1 2ccupant 4oad 1000 o$ +o$e 6roup I 5ccupancies shall be any asse#bly building with a stage and an occupant load of /<<< or #ore in the building. &/<' 6roup G D #cce o$1 6roup G 5ccupancies shall include. Di'i ion 1 ( Pri"ate garage! carports! sheds and agricultural buildings. Di'i ion ) ( -ences o"er /.=< #eters high! tanks and towers. &b' 5ther subgroupings or di"isions within 6roups * to G #ay be deter#ined by the ecretary. *ny other occupancy not #entioned specifically in this ection! or about which there is any %uestion! shall be included in the 6roup which it #ost nearly rese#bles based on the e(isting or proposed life and fire ha,ard. SECTION -02. C1an&e in 6)e No change shall be #ade in the character of occupancy or use of any building which would place the building in a different di"ision of the sa#e group of occupancy or in a different group of occupancies! unless such building is #ade to co#ply with the re%uire#ents of this Code for such di"ision or group of occupancy. The character of occupancy of e(isting buildings #ay be changed sub:ect to the appro"al of the Building 5fficial and the building #ay be occupied for purposes set forth in other 6roups. Pro"ided the new or proposed use is less ha,ardous! based on life and fire risk! than the e(isting use. SECTION -0 . .i5e" Occ%!ancy &a' 3ene$al Re5ui$e%ent +hen a building is of #i(ed occupancy or used for #ore than one occupancy! the whole building shall be sub:ect to the #ost restricti"e re%uire#ent pertaining to any of the type of occupancy found therein e(cept in the following. &/' +hen a one8storey building houses #ore than one occupancy! each portion of the building shall confor# to the re%uire#ent of the particular occupancy housed therein and$ &0' +here #inor accessory uses do not occupy #ore than ten percent of the area of any floor or a building! nor #ore than ten percent of the basic area per#itted in the occupancy re%uire#ents! in which case! the #a:or use of the building shall deter#ine the occupancy classification. &b' 6o$% o7 2ccupanc1 ,epa$ation 5ccupancy separations shall be "ertical or hori,ontal or both! or when necessary! of such other for#s as #ay be re%uired to afford a co#plete separation between the "arious occupancy di"isions in the building.

110

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) &c' T1pe o7 2ccupanc1 ,epa$ation 5ccupancy separation shall be classified as 5ne87our -ire83esisti"e! Two87our -ire83esisti"e! Three87our -ire83esisti"e and -our87our -ire83esisti"e. &/' * 5ne87our -ire83esisti"e 5ccupancy eparation shall be of not less than one8hour fire8resisti"e construction. *ll openings in such separation shall be protected by a fire8asse#bly ha"ing a one8hour fire8resisti"e rating. &0' * Two87our -ire83esisti"e 5ccupancy eparation shall be of not less than two8hour fire8resisti"e construction. *ll openings in such separation shall be protected by a fire asse#bly ha"ing a two8hour fire8resisti"e rating. &1' * Three87our -ire83esisti"e 5ccupancy eparation shall be of not less than three8hour fire8resisti"e construction. *ll openings in walls for#ing such separation shall be protected by a fire asse#bly ha"ing a three8hour fire8resisti"e rating. The total width of all openings in any three8hour fire8resisti"e occupancy separation wall in any one8storey shall not e(ceed 0B percent of the length of the wall in that storey and no single opening shall ha"e an area greater than /<.<< s%uare #eters. *ll openings in floors for#ing a Three87our -ire83esisti"e 5ccupancy eparation shall be protected by "ertical enclosures e(tending abo"e and below such openings. The walls of such "ertical enclosures shall be of not less than two8hour fire8resisti"e construction! and all openings therein shall be protected by a fire asse#bly ha"ing a three8hour fire8resisti"e rating. &4' * -our87our -ire83esisti"e 5ccupancy eparation shall ha"e no openings therein and shall be of not less than four8hour fire8resisti"e construction. &d' 6i$e Rating 7o$ 2ccupanc1 ,epa$ation 5ccupancy eparations shall be pro"ided between groups! subgroupings! or di"isions of occupancies. The ecretary shall pro#ulgate rules and regulations for appropriate occupancy separations in buildings of #i(ed occupancy$ Pro"ided! that! where any occupancy separation is re%uired! the #ini#u# shall be a 5ne87our -ire83esisti"e 5ccupancy eparation$ and where the occupancy separation is hori,ontal! structural #e#bers supporting the separation shall be protected by an e%ui"alent fire8resisti"e construction. SECTION -0#. Location on Pro!erty &a' 3ene$al No building shall be constructed unless it ad:oins or has direct access to a public space! yard or street on at least one of its sides. -or the purpose of this ection! the center line of an ad:oining street or alley shall be considered an ad:acent property line. 2a"es o"er re%uired windows shall not be less than AB< #illi#eters fro# the side and rear property lines. &b' 6i$e Re i tance o7 8all 2(terior walls shall ha"e fire resistance and opening protection in accordance with the re%uire#ents set forth by the ecretary. Pro:ections beyond the e(terior wall shall not e(ceed beyond a point one8third the distance fro# an assu#ed "ertical plane located where the fire8resisti"e protection of openings is first re%uired to the location on property whiche"er is the least restricti"e. Distance shall be #easured at right angles fro# the property line. +hen openings in e(terior walls are re%uired to be protected due to distance fro# property line! the su# of the areas of such openings in any storey shall not e(ceed B< percent of the total area of the wall in that storey. &c' Building on ,a%e P$ope$t1 and Building Containing Cou$t -or the purpose of deter#ining the re%uired wall and opening protection! buildings on the sa#e property and court walls shall be assu#ed to ha"e a property line 111

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) between the#. +hen a new building is to be erected on the sa#e property with an e(isting building! the assu#ed property line fro# the e(isting building shall be the distance to the property line for each occupancy as set forth by the ecretary. Pro"ided! that two or #ore buildings on the sa#e property #ay be considered as one building if the aggregate area of such building is within the li#its of allowable floor areas for a single building! and when the buildings so considered! house different occupancies or are of different types of construction! the area shall be that allowed for the #ost restricti"e occupancy or construction. SECTION -0*. Allo2a0le /loor Area) The allowable floor areas for one8storey building and buildings o"er one8storey shall not e(ceed the li#its prescribed by the ecretary for each occupancy groups and)or types of construction. -or purposes of this ection! each portion of a building separated by one or #ore area separation walls #ay be considered a separate building pro"ided the area separation walls #eet the re%uire#ents prescribed therefor by the ecretary. SECTION -0+. Allo2a0le /loor Area Increa)e) The floor areas hereinabo"e pro"ided #ay be increased in certain specific instances and under appropriate conditions! based on the e(istence of public space! streets or yards e(tending along and ad:oining two or #ore sides of the building or structure sub:ect to the appro"al of the Building 5fficial. SECTION -0-. .a5i(%( Hei&1t of $%il"in&) The #a(i#u# height and nu#ber of storeys of e"ery building shall be dependent upon the character of occupancy and the type of construction as deter#ined by the ecretary considering population density! building bulk! widths of streets and car parking re%uire#ents. The height shall be #easured fro# the highest ad:oining sidewalk or ground surface. Pro"ided! that the height #easured fro# the lowest ad:oining surface shall not e(ceed such #a(i#u# height by #ore than 1.<< #eters. 2(cept! that towers! spires! and steeples! erected as part of a building and not used for habitation or storage are li#ited as to height only by structural design if co#pletely of inco#bustible #aterials! or #ay e(tend not to e(ceed ?.<< #eters abo"e the height li#its for each occupancy group if of co#bustible #aterials. SECTION -03. .ini(%( Re'%ire(ent) for Gro%! A D2ellin&) &a' D!elling 4ocation and 4ot 2ccupanc1 The dwelling shall occupy not #ore than ninety percent of a corner lot and eighty percent of an inside lot! and sub:ect to the pro"isions on 2ase#ents of ;ight and Eiew of the Ci"il Code of Philippines! shall be at least 0 #eters fro# the property line. &b' 4ight and 9entilation 2"ery dwelling shall be so constructed and arranged as to pro"ide ade%uate light and "entilation as pro"ided under ection =<B to ection =//! of this Code. &c' ,anitation 2"ery dwelling shall be pro"ided with at least one sanitary toilet and ade%uate washing and drainage facilities.

112

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) &d' 6oundation

-ootings shall be of sufficient si,e and strength to support the load of the dwelling and shall be at least 0B< #illi#eters thick and ?<< #illi#eters below the surface of the ground. &e' Po t The di#ensions of wooden posts shall be those found in Table A<=8*. Di%en ion o7 8ooden Po t &*nne( B8/'. 2ach post shall be anchored to such footing by straps and bolts of ade%uate si,e.

&f'

6loo$

The li"e load of the first floor shall be at least 0<< kilogra#s per s%uare #eter and for the second floor! at least /B< kilogra#s per s%uare #eter. &g' Roo7 The wind load for roofs shall be at least /0< kilogra#s per s%uare #eter for "ertical pro:ection. &h' ,tai$ tairs shall be at least AB< #illi#eters in clear width! with a rise of 0<< #illi#eters and a #ini#u# run of 0<< #illi#eters. &i' Ent$ance and Exit

There shall be at least one entrance and another one for e(it. &:' Elect$ical Re5ui$e%ent

*ll electrical installation shall confor# to the re%uire#ents of the Philippine 2lectrical Code. &k' +echanical Re5ui$e%ent 9echanical syste#s and)or e%uip#ent installation shall be sub:ect to the re%uire#ent of the Philippine 9echanical 2ngineering Code. SECTION -0,. Re'%ire(ent) for Ot1er Gro%! Occ%!ancie) ub:ect to the pro"isions of this Code! the ecretary shall pro#ulgate rules and regulations for each of the other 6roup 5ccupancies co"ering. allowable construction! height! and area$ location on property! e(it facilities! light! "entilation! and sanitation$ enclosures of "ertical openings$ fire e(tinguishing syste#s$ and special ha,ards.

11

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) CHAPTER 3 LIGHT AND VENTILATION SECTION 301. General Re'%ire(ent) of Li&1t an" Ventilation &a' ub:ect to the pro"isions of the Ci"il Code of the Philippines on 2ase#ents of ;ight and Eiew! and to the pro"isions of this part of the Code! e"ery building shall be designed! constructed! and e%uipped to pro"ide ade%uate light and "entilation. &b' *ll buildings shall face a street or public alley or a pri"ate street which has been duly appro"ed. &c' No building shall be altered nor arranged so as to reduce the si,e of any roo# or the relati"e area of windows to less than that pro"ided for buildings under this Code! or to create an additional roo#! unless such additional roo# confor#s to the re%uire#ents of this Code. &d' No building shall be enlarged so that the di#ensions of the re%uired court or yard would be less than that prescribed for such building. SECTION 302. .ea)%re(ent of Site Occ%!ancy &a' The #easure#ent of site occupancy or lot occupancy shall be taken at the ground le"el and shall be e(clusi"e of courts! yards! and light wells. &b' Courts! yards! and light wells shall be #easured clear of all pro:ections fro# the walls enclosing such wells or yards with the e(ception of roof leaders! wall copings! sills! or steel fire escapes not e(ceeding /.0< #eters in width. SECTION 30 . Percenta&e of Site Occ%!ancy &a' 9ini#u# site occupancy shall be go"erned by the use! type of construction! and height of the building and the use! area! nature! and location of the site$ and sub:ect to the pro"isions of the local ,oning re%uire#ents and in accordance with the rules and regulations pro#ulgated by the ecretary. SECTION 30#. Si>e an" Di(en)ion) of Co%rt) &a' 9ini#u# si,e of courts and their least di#ensions shall be go"erned by the use! type of construction! and height of the building as pro"ided in the rules and regulations pro#ulgated by the ecretary! pro"ided that the #ini#u# hori,ontal di#ension of court shall be not less than 0.<< #eters. &b' *ll inner courts shall be connected to a street or yard! either by a passageway with a #ini#u# width of /.0< #eters or by a door through a roo# or roo#s. SECTION 30*. Ceilin& Hei&1t) &a' 7abitable roo#s pro"ided with artificial "entilation shall ha"e ceiling heights not less than 0.4< #eters #easured fro# the floor to the ceiling$ Pro"ided that for buildings of #ore than one8storey! the #ini#u# ceiling height of the first storey shall be 0.A< #eters and that for the second storey 0.4< #eters and succeeding storeys shall ha"e an unobstructed typical head8roo# clearance of not less than 0./< #eters abo"e the finished floor. *bo"e stated roo#s with a natural "entilation shall ha"e ceiling heights not less than 0.A< #eters. &b' 9e,,anine floors shall ha"e a clear ceiling height not less than /.=< #eters abo"e and below it.

11#

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) SECTION 30+. Si>e an" Di(en)ion of Roo() 9ini#u# si,es of roo#s and their least hori,ontal di#ensions shall be as follows. /. 3oo#s for 7u#an 7abitations D ?.<< s%uare #eters with a least di#ension of 0.<< #eters$ 0. Hitchens D 1.< s%uare #eters with a least di#ension of /.B< #eters$ 1. Bath and toilet D /.0< s%uare #eters with a least di#ension of <.@< #eter. SECTION 30-. Air S!ace Re'%ire(ent) in Deter(inin& t1e Si>e of Roo() 9ini#u# air space shall be pro"ided as follows. /. 0. 1. chool 3oo#s D 1.<< cubic #eters with /.<< s%uare #eter of floor area per person$ +orkshops! -actories! and 5ffices D /0.<< cubic #eters of air space per person$ 7abitable roo#s D /4.<< cubic #eters of air space per person.

SECTION 303. :in"o2 O!enin&) 2"ery roo# intended for any use! not pro"ided with artificial "entilation syste# as herein specified in this Code! shall be pro"ided with a window or windows with a total free area of openings and e%ual to at least ten percent of the floor area of roo#! and such window shall open directly to a court! yard! public street or alley! or open water courses. SECTION 30,. Vent S1aft) &a' Eentilation or "ent shafts shall ha"e a hori,ontal cross8sectional area of not less than <./< s%uare #eter for e"ery #eter of height of shaft but in no case shall the area be less than /.<< s%uare #eter. No "ent shaft shall ha"e its least di#ension less than ?<< #illi#eters. &b' kylights D Cnless open to the outer air at the top for its full area! "ent shaft shall be co"ered by a skylight ha"ing a net free area or fi(ed lou"er openings e%ual to the #a(i#u# re%uired shaft area. &c' *ir ducts shall open to a street or court by a hori,ontal duct or intake at a point below the lowest window opening. uch duct or intake shall ha"e a #ini#u# unobstructed cross8sectional area of not less than <.1< s%uare #eter with a #ini#u# di#ension of 1<< #illi#eters. The openings to the duct or intake shall be not less than 1<< #illi#eters abo"e the botto# of the shaft and the street surface or le"el of court! at the respecti"e ends of the duct or intake. SECTION 310. Ventilation S;yli&1t) kylights shall ha"e a glass area not less than that re%uired for the windows that are replaced. They shall be e%uipped with #o"able sashes or lou"ers with an aggregate net free area not less than that re%uired for openable parts in the window that are replaced or pro"ided with appro"ed artificial "entilation of e%ui"alent effecti"eness. SECTION 311. Artificial Ventilation &a' 3oo#s or spaces housing industrial or heating e%uip#ent shall be pro"ided with artificial #eans of "entilation to pre"ent e(cessi"e accu#ulation of hot and)or polluted air. &b' +hene"er artificial "entilation is re%uired! the e%uip#ent shall be designed and constructed to #eet the following #ini#u# re%uire#ents in air changes. 11*

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) /. -or roo#s entirely abo"e grade and used for office! clerical! or ad#inistrati"e purposes! or as stores! sales roo#s! restaurants! #arkets! factories! workshops! or #achinery roo#s! not less than three changes of air per hour shall be pro"ided. -or roo#s entirely abo"e grade and used as bakeries! hotel or restaurant kitchens! laundries other than accessory to dwellings! and boiler roo#s D not less than ten changes of air per hour shall be pro"ided. -or auditoriu# and other roo#s used for asse#bly purposes! with seats or other acco##odations D not less than <.1< cubic #eter of air per #inute shall be supplied for each person. -or wards and dor#itories of institutional buildings D not less than <.4B cubic #eter of air per #inute shall be supplied for each person acco##odated. -or other roo#s or spaces not specifically co"ered under this ection of the Code! applicable pro"isions of the Philippine 9echanical 2ngineering Code! shall be followed.

0. 1. 4. B.

11+

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) CHAPTER , SANITATION SECTION ,01. General Re'%ire(ent) ub:ect to the pro"isions of Book II of the Ci"il Code of the Philippines on Property! 5wnership! and its 9odification! all buildings hereafter erected! altered! re#odeled! relocated or repaired for hu#an habitation shall be pro"ided with ade%uate and potable water supply! plu#bing installation! and suitable wastewater treat#ent or disposal syste#! stor# water drainage! pest and "er#in control! noise abate#ent de"ice! and such other #easures re%uired for the protection and pro#otion of health of persons occupying the pre#ises and others li"ing nearby. SECTION ,02. :ater S%!!ly Sy)te( &a' +hene"er a"ailable! the potable water re%uire#ents for a building used for hu#an habitation shall be supplied fro# e(isting #unicipal or city waterworks syste#. &b' The %uality of drinking water fro# #eteoric! surface or underground sources shall confor# to the criteria set in the latest appro"ed National tandards for Drinking +ater. &c' The design! construction and operation of deepwells for the abstraction of groundwater shall be sub:ect to the pro"isions of the +ater Code of the Philippines. &d' The design! construction and operation of independent waterworks syste#s pri"ate housing subdi"isions or industrial estates shall be go"erned by e(isting laws relating to local waterworks syste#. &e' The water piping installations inside buildings and pre#ises shall confor# to the pro"isions of the National Plu#bing Code of the Philippines. SECTION ,0 . :a)te2ater Di)!o)al Sy)te( &a' anitary sewage fro# buildings and neutrali,ed or pre8treated industrial wastewater shall be discharged directly into the nearest street sanitary sewer #ain of e(isting #unicipal or city sanitary sewerage syste# in accordance with the criteria set by the Code on anitation and the National Pollution Control Co##ission. &b' *ll buildings located in areas where there are no a"ailable sanitary sewerage syste# shall dispose their sewage I#hoff or septic tank and subsurface absorption field. &c' anitary and industrial plu#bing installations inside buildings and pre#ises shall confor# to the pro"isions of the National Plu#bing Code. SECTION ,0#. Stor( Draina&e Sy)te( &a' 3ainwater drainage shall not discharge to the sanitary sewer syste#. &b' *de%uate pro"isions shall be #ade to drain low areas in buildings and their pre#ises. SECTION ,0*. Pe)t an" Ver(in Control &a' *ll buildings with hollow and)or wood construction shall be pro"ided with rat proofing. &b' 6arbage bins and receptacles shall be pro"ided with ready #eans for cleaning and with positi"e protection against entry of pest and "er#ins. &c' Dining roo#s for public use without artificial "entilation shall be properly screened. 11-

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096)

SECTION ,0+. Noi)e Poll%tion Control Industrial establish#ents shall be pro"ided with positi"e noise abate#ent de"ices to tone down the noise le"el of e%uip#ent and #achineries to acceptable li#its set down by the Depart#ent of ;abor and the National Pollution Control Co##ission. SECTION ,0-. Pi!e .aterial) *ll pipe #aterials to be used in buildings shall confor# to the pecifications of the Philippine tandard Council. tandard

113

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) CHAPTER 10 $6ILDING PRO?ECTION OVER P6$LIC STREETS SECTION 1001. General Re'%ire(ent) &a' No part of any building or structure or any of its appendages shall pro:ect beyond the property line of the building site! e(cept as pro"ided in this Code. &b' The pro:ection of any structure or appendage o"er a public property shall be the distance #easured hori,ontally fro# the property line to the utter#ost point of the pro:ection. SECTION 1002. Pro@ection into Alley) or Street) &a' No part of any structure or its appendage shall pro:ect into any alley or street! national road or public highway e(cept as pro"ided in this Code. &b' -ootings located at least 0.4< #eters below grade along national roads or public highway #ay pro:ect not #ore than 1<< #illi#eters beyond the property line. &c' -oundations #ay be per#itted to encroach into public sidewalk areas to a width not e(ceeding B<< #illi#eters$ pro"ided! that the top of the said foundations is not less than ?<< #illi#eters below the established grade$ and pro"ided further! that said pro:ection does not obstruct any e(isting utility such as power! co##unication! gas! water! or sewer lines! unless the owner concerned shall pay the corresponding entities for the rerouting of the parts of the affected utilities. SECTION 100 . Pro@ection of $alconie) an" A!!en"a&e) O7er Street) &a' The e(tent of any pro:ection o"er an alley or street shall be unifor# within a block and shall confor# to the li#itations set forth in Table /<<18*$ P$o:ection o7 Balconie and #ppendage &*nne( B80'. &b' The clearance between the established grade of the street and)or sidewalk and the lowest under surface of any part of the balcony shall not be less than 1.<< #eters. SECTION 100#. Arca"e) &a' +hene"er re%uired by e(isting building and ,oning regulations! arcades shall be constructed on sidewalks of streets. The width of the arcade and its height shall be unifor# throughout the street pro"ided! that in no case! shall an arcade be less than 1.<< #eters abo"e the established sidewalk grade. SECTION 100*. Cano!ie) A.ar'%ee)B &a' De7inition; * canopy or #ar%uee is a per#anent roofed structure abo"e a door attached to and supported by the building and pro:ecting o"er a wall or sidewalk. This includes any ob:ect or decoration attached thereto. &b' P$o:ection and Clea$ance. The hori,ontal clearance between the outer#ost edge of the #ar%uee and the curb line shall be not less than 1<< #illi#eters. The "ertical clearance between the pa"e#ent or ground line and the undersurface of any part the #ar%uee shall not be less than 1.<< #eters. &c' Con t$uction. * #ar%uee shall be constructed of inco#bustible #aterial or #aterials of not less than two8hours fire8resisti"e construction. It shall be pro"ided with necessary drainage facility. &d' 4ocation. 2"ery #ar%uee shall be so located as not to interfere with the operation of any e(terior standpipe connection or to obstruct the clear passage fro# stairway e(its fro# the building or the installation or #aintenance of electroliers. 11,

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096)

SECTION 100+. .o7a0le A2nin&) or Hoo") &a' De7inition. *n awning is a #o"able shelter supported entirely fro# an e(terior wall of a building and of a type which can be retracted! folded! or collapsed against the face of a supporting building. &b' Clea$ance. The hori,ontal clearance between the awning and the curb line shall not be less than 1<< #illi#eters. The "ertical clearance between the under#ost surface of the awning and the pa"e#ent or ground line shall be not less than 0.4< #eters. Collapsible awnings shall be so designated that they shall not block a re%uired e(it when collapsed or folded. SECTION 100-. Door)9 :in"o2)9 an" t1e li;e Doors! windows! and the like less than 0.4< #eters abo"e the pa"e#ent or groundline shall not! when fully opened or upon opening! pro:ect beyond the property line e(cept fire e(it doors. SECTION 1003. Corner $%il"in&) 2it1 C1aflan) &a' 2"ery corner building or solid fence on a public street or alley less than 1.?< #eters in width shall be truncated at the corner. The face of the triangle so for#ed shall be at right angles to the bisector of the angle of the intersection of the street lines$ pro"ided! that in no case! the ecretary shall deter#ine the si,e and for# of the chaflan. &b' If the building is arcaded! no chaflan is re%uired notwithstanding the width of the public street or alley! less than /0.<< #eters.

120

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) CHAPTER 11 PROTECTION O/ PEDESTRIANS D6RING CONSTR6CTION OR DE.OLITION SECTION 1101. General Re'%ire(ent) &a' No person shall use or occupy a street! alley or public sidewalk for the perfor#ance of work co"ered by a building per#it e(cept in accordance with the pro"isions of this Chapter. &b' No person shall perfor# any work on any building or structure ad:acent to a public way in general use for pedestrian tra"el! unless the pedestrians are protected as specified in this Chapter. &c' *ny #aterial or structure te#porarily occupying public property! including fence! canopies! and walkways! shall be ade%uately lighted! between sunset and sunrise. SECTION 1102. Stora&e in P%0lic Pro!erty 9aterials and e%uip#ent necessary for work to be done under a per#it when placed or stored on public property shall not obstruct free and con"enient approach to and use of any fire hydrant! fire or police alar# bo(! utility bo(! catch basin! or #anhole and shall not interfere with any drainage of any street or alley gutter. SECTION 110 . .i5in& .ortar on P%0lic Pro!erty The #i(ing of #ortar! concrete! or si#ilar #aterials on public streets shall not be allowed. SECTION 110#. Protection of 6tilitie) *ll public or pri"ate utilities abo"e or below the ground shall be protected fro# any da#age by any work being done under the per#it. The protection shall be #aintained while such work is being done and shall not obstruct the nor#al functioning of any such utility. SECTION 110*. :al;2ay &a' +hen the Building 5fficial authori,es a sidewalk to be fenced or closed! or in case there is no sidewalk in front of the building site during construction or de#olition! a te#porary walkway of not less than /.0< #eters wide shall be pro"ided. &b' The walkway shall be capable of supporting a unifor# li"e load of ?B< kilogra#s per s%uare #eter. * durable wearing surface shall be pro"ided throughout the construction period. SECTION 110+. Pe"e)trian Protection &a' P$otection Re5ui$ed. Pedestrian traffic shall be protected by a railing on the street side when the walkway e(tends into the roadway! by a railing when ad:acent to e(ca"ations! and by such as set forth in Table //<?8*. Type of Protection 3e%uired for Pedestrians &*nne( B80'. &b' Railing . *de%uate railings when re%uired shall be built substantially strong and should be at least /.<< #eter in height. &c' 6ence . -ences shall be built of an appro"ed #aterial! not less than 0.4< #eters in height abo"e grade! and be placed on the side of the walkway nearest to the building site. -ences shall enclose entirely the building site. 5penings in such fences shall be pro"ided with doors which shall be kept closed at all ti#es. 121

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) &d' Canopie . The protecti"e canopy shall ha"e a clear height of 0.4< #eters abo"e the railway! and shall be structurally safe. 2"ery canopy shall ha"e a solid fence built along its entire length on the construction side. If #aterials are stored or work is done on top of the canopy! the edge along the street shall be protected by a tight curb board not less than 1<< #illi#eters high and a railing not less than /.<< #eter high shall be pro"ided. The entire structure shall be designed to carry the loads i#posed upon it. Pro"ided! that the li"e load shall be not less than ?<< kilogra#s per s%uare #eter. SECTION 110-. .aintenance an" Re(o7al of Protecti7e De7ice) &a' +aintenance. *ll protecti"e de"ices shall be properly #aintained in place and kept in good order for the entire length of ti#e pedestrians #ay be endangered. &b' Re%o'al. 2"ery protecti"e fence or canopy shall be re#o"ed within 1< days after such protection is no longer re%uired as deter#ined by the Building 5fficial. SECTION 1103. De(olition &a' The work of de#olishing any building shall not be co##enced until all the necessary pedestrian protecti"e structures are in place. &b' The Building 5fficial #ay re%uire the per#ittee to sub#it plans! specifications and co#plete schedule of de#olition. +hen so re%uired! no work shall be done until such plans! specifications and schedule are appro"ed by the Building 5fficial.

122

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) CHAPTER 12

GENERAL DESIGN AND CONSTR6CTION RE46IRE.ENTS

SECTION 1201. General Re'%ire(ent) Buildings proposed for construction shall co#ply with all the regulations and specifications herein set forth go"erning %uality! characteristics and properties of #aterials! #ethods of design and construction! type of occupancy and classification. *ll other #atters relati"e to the structural design of all buildings and other structures not pro"ided for in this Chapter shall confor# with the pro"isions of the National tructural Code of Buildings! as adopted and pro#ulgated by the Board of Ci"il 2ngineering pursuant to 3epublic *ct Nu#ber B44! as a#ended! otherwise known as the Ci"il 2ngineering ;aw.

SECTION 1202. E5ca7ation9 /o%n"ation9 an" Retainin& :all) &a' ub:ect to the pro"isions of *rticles ?=4 to ?=? of the Ci"il Code of the Philippines on lateral and sub:acent support! the design and %uality of #aterials used structurally in e(ca"ation! footings! and in foundations shall confor# to accepted engineering practice. &b' Exca'ation and 6ill &/' 2(ca"ation or fills for buildings or structures shall be so constructed or protected that they do not endanger life or property. &0' +hene"er the depth of e(ca"ation for any construction is such that the lateral and sub:acent support of the ad:oining property or e(isting structure thereon would be affected in a #anner that the stability or safety of the sa#e is endangered! the person undertaking or causing the e(ca"ation to be undertaken shall be responsible for the e(pense of underpinning or e(tending the foundation or footings of the afore#entioned property or structure. &1' 2(ca"ation and other si#ilar disturbances #ade on public property shall! unless otherwise e(cluded by the Building 5fficial! be restored i##ediately to its for#er condition within 4= hours fro# the start of such e(ca"ation and disturbances by whosoe"er caused such e(ca"ation or disturbance. &c' 6ooting , 6oundation , and Retaining 8all &/' -ootings and foundations shall be of the appropriate type! of ade%uate si,e! and capacity in order to safely sustain the superi#posed loads under seis#ic or any condition of e(ternal forces that #ay affect the safety or stability of the structure. It shall be the responsibility of the architect and)or engineer to adopt the type and design of the sa#e in accordance with the standards set forth by the ecretary. &0' +hene"er or where"er there e(ist in the site of the construction an abrupt change in the ground le"els or le"el of the foundation such that instability of the soil could result! retaining walls shall be pro"ided and such shall be of ade%uate design and type of construction as prescribed by the ecretary. SECTION 120 . Veneer &a' De7inition. Eeneer is a nonstructural facing of brick! concrete! tile! #etal! plastic! glass! or other si#ilar appro"ed #aterials attached to a backing or structural co#ponents of the building for the purpose of orna#entation! protection! or enclosure that 12

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) #ay be adhered! integrated! or anchored either on the interior or e(terior of the building or structure. &b' De ign Re5ui$e%ent . The design of all "eneer shall co#ply with the following. &/' Eeneer shall support no load other than its own weight and the "ertical dead load of "eneer i##ediately abo"e. &0' urfaces to which "eneer is attached shall be designed to support the additional "ertical and lateral loads i#posed by the "eneer. &1' Consideration shall be gi"en to differential #o"e#ents of the supports including those caused by te#perature changes! shrinkage! creep! and deflection. &4' *dhered "eneer and its backing shall be designed to ha"e a bond to the supporting ele#ents sufficient to withstand shearing stresses due to their weights including seis#ic effects on the total asse#blage. &B' *nchored "eneer and its attach#ent shall be designed to resist hori,ontal forces e%ual to twice the weight of the "eneer. &?' *nchors supports and ties shall be non8co#bustible and corrosion8 resistant. SECTION 120#. Enclo)%re of Vertical O!enin&) &a' 3ene$al. Eertical openings shall be enclosed depending upon the fire8 resisti"e re%uire#ents of a particular type of construction as set forth in this Code. &b' Ele'ato$ Enclo u$e . +alls and partitions enclosing ele"ators and escalators shall be of not less than the fire8resisti"e construction re%uired under the Types of Construction. 2nclosing walls of ele"ator shafts #ay consist of wire glass set in #etal fra#es on the entrance side only. 2le"ator shafts e(tending through #ore than two storeys shall be e%uipped with an appro"ed #eans of ade%uate "entilations to and through the #ain roof of the building. P$o'ided, that in those buildings housing 6roups - and 6 5ccupancies e%uipped with auto#atic fire8e(tinguishing syste#s throughout! enclosures shall not be re%uired for escalators. P$o'ided, further that the top of the escalator opening at each storey shall be pro"ided with a draft curtain. uch draft curtain shall enclose the peri#eter of the unenclosed opening and shall e(tend fro# the ceiling downward at least 1<< #illi#eters on all sides. *uto#atic sprinklers shall be pro"ided around the peri#eter of the opening and within a ?<< #illi#eters of the draft curtain. The distance between the sprinkles shall not e(ceed /.=< #eters center8to8center. &c' 2the$ 9e$tical 2pening . *ll shafts! ducts! chutes! and other "ertical openings not co"ered in paragraph &b' abo"e shall ha"e enclosing walls confor#ing to the re%uire#ents specified under the type of construction of the building in which they are located. In other than 6roup * 5ccupancies rubbish and linen chutes shall ter#inate in roo#s separated fro# the re#ainder of the building by a 5ne87our -ire83esisti"e 5ccupancy eparation. 5penings into the chutes shall not be located in re%uired e(it corridors or stairways. &d' #i$ Duct . *ir ducts passing through a floor shall be enclosed in a shaft. The shaft shall be as re%uired in this Code for "ertical openings. Da#pers shall be installed where ducts pierce the shaft enclosure walls. *ir ducts in 6roup * 5ccupancies need not be enclosed in a shaft if confor#ing to the #echanical pro"isions of this Code.

SECTION 120*. /loor Con)tr%ction &a' -loors shall be of such #aterials and construction as specified under Chapter B -ire Fones and -ire83esisti"e tandards and under Chapter ? D Types of Construction. &b' *ll floors shall be so fra#ed and secured into the fra#ework and supporting walls as to for# an integral part of the whole building. &c' The types of floor construction used shall pro"ide #eans to keep the bea# and girders fro# lateral buckling. 12#

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) SECTION 120+. Roof Con)tr%ction an" Co7erin& &a' Roo7 Co'e$ing. 3oof co"ering for all buildings shall be either fire8retardant or ordinary depending upon the fire8resisti"e re%uire#ents of the particular type of construction. The use of co#bustible roof insulation shall be per#itted in all types of construction pro"ided it is co"ered with appro"ed roof co"ering applied directly thereto. &b' Roo7 T$u e . *ll roofs shall be so fra#ed and tied into the fra#ework and supporting walls so as to for# an integral part of the whole building. 3oof trusses shall ha"e all :oints well fitted and shall ha"e all tension #e#bers well tightened before any load is placed in the truss. Diagonal and sway bracing shall be used to brace all roof trusses. The allowable working stresses of #aterials in trusses shall confor# to this Code. Ca#ber shall be pro"ided to pre"ent sagging. &c' #ttic . &/' #cce . *n attic access opening shall be pro"ided in the ceiling of the top floor of buildings with a co#bustible ceiling or roof construction. The opening shall be located in a corridor or hallway of buildings of three or #ore storeys in height ! and readily accessible in buildings of any height. *n opening shall not be less than ?<< #illi#eters s%uare or ?<< #illi#eters in dia#eter. The #ini#u# clear headroo# of =<< #illi#eters shall be pro"ided abo"e the access opening. -or ladder re%uire#ents! refer to the Philippine 9echanical 2ngineering code. &0' #$ea ,epa$ation. 2nclosed attic spaces of co#bustible construction shall be di"ided into hori,ontal areas not e(ceeding 0B< s%uare #eters by fire8 resisti"e partitions e(tending fro# the ceiling to the roof. Except, that where the entire attic is e%uipped with appro"ed auto#atic fire8e(tinguishing syste#! the attic space #ay be di"ided into areas not to e(ceed AB< s%uare #eters. 5penings in the partitions shall be protected by self8closing doors. &1' D$a7t ,top . 3egardless of the type of construction! draft stops shall be installed in trusses roofs! between roof and botto# chords or trusses! in all buildings e(ceeding 0<<< s%uare #eters. Draft stops shall be constructed as for attic area separations. &4' 9entilation. 2nclosed attics including rafter spaces for#ed where ceilings are applied direct to the underside or roof rafters! shall be pro"ided with ade%uate "entilation protected against the entrance of rain. &d' Roo7 D$ainage ,1 te% &/' Roo7 D$ain . 3oof drains shall be installed at low points of the roof and shall be ade%uate in si,e to discharge all tributary waters. &0' 2'e$7lo! D$ain and ,cuppe$ . +here roof drains are re%uired! ade%uate o"erflow drains shall be pro"ided. &1' Concealed Piping. 3oof drains and o"erflow drains! when concealed within the construction of the building! shall be installed in accordance with the pro"isions of the National Plu#bing Code. &4' 2'e$ Pu0lic P$ope$t1. 3oof drainage water fro# a building shall not be per#itted to flow o"er public property! e(cept for 6roup * and G 5ccupancies. &e' 6la hing. -lashing and counterflashing shall be pro"ided at the :uncture of the roof and "ertical surfaces. SECTION 120-. Stair)9 E5it)9 an" Occ%!ant Loa") &a' 3ene$al. The construction of stairs and e(its shall confor# to the occupant load re%uire#ents of buildings! re"iewing stands! bleachers! and grandstands.

12*

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) &/' Dete$%ination o7 2ccupant 4oad . The occupant load per#itted in any building or portion thereof shall be deter#ined by di"iding the floor area assigned to that use by the unit area allowed per occupant as deter#ined by the ecretary. &0' Exit Re5ui$e%ent . 2(ist re%uire#ents of a building or portion thereof used for different purposes shall be deter#ined by the occupant load which gi"es the largest nu#ber of persons. No obstruction shall be placed in the re%uired width of an e(it e(cept pro:ections per#itted by this Code. &1' Po ting o7 Roo% Capacit1. *ny roo# ha"ing an occupant load of #ore than B< where fi(ed seats are not installed! and which is used for classroo#! asse#bly! or si#ilar purpose shall ha"e the capacity of the roo# posted in a conspicuous place near the #ain e(it fro# the roo#. &4' Change in Ele'ation. 2(cept in 6roup * 5ccupancies! changes in floor ele"ations of less than 1<< #illi#eters along any e(it ser"ing a tributary occupant load of /< or #ore shall be by #eans of ra#ps. &b' 2(its &/' Nu%0e$ o7 Exit . 2"ery building or usable portion thereof shall ha"e at lease one e(it. In all occupancies! floors abo"e the first storey ha"ing an occupant load of #ore than /< shall not ha"e less than two e(its. 2ach #e,,anine floor used for other than storage purposes! if greater in area than /=B s%uare #eters or #ore than /=.<< #eters in any di#ension! shall ha"e at least two stairways to an ad:acent floor. 2"ery storey or portion thereof! ha"ing an occupant load of B<< to @@@ shall ha"e at least three e(its. 2"ery storey or portion thereof ha"ing an occupant load of /<<< or #ore shall ha"e at least four &4' e(its. The nu#ber of e(its re%uired fro# any storey of a building shall be deter#ined by using the occupant loads of floors which e(it through the le"el under consideration as follows. B< percent of the occupant load in the first ad:acent storey abo"e &and the first ad:acent storey below! when a storey below e(its through the le"el under consideration' and 0B percent of the occupant load in the storey i##ediately beyond the first ad:acent storey. The #a(i#u# nu#ber of e(its re%uired for any storey shall be #aintained until egress is pro"ided fro# the structures. -or purposes of this ection base#ent or cellars and occupied roofs shall be pro"ided with e(its as re%uired for storeys. -loors abo"e the second storey! base#ents and cellars used for other than ser"ice of the building shall ha"e not less than two e(its. &0' 8idth. The total width of e(its in #eters shall not be less than the total occupant load ser"ed di"ided by /?B. uch width of e(its shall be di"ided appro(i#ately e%ually a#ong the separate e(its. The total e(it width re%uired fro# any storey of a building shall be deter#ined by using the occupant load of that storey plus the percentage of the occupant loads of floors which e(its through the le"el under consideration as follows. fifty &B<' percent of the occupant load in the first ad:acent storey abo"e &and the first ad:acent storey below when a storey below e(its through the le"el under consideration' and twenty fi"e percent of the occupant load in the storey i##ediately beyond the first ad:acent storey. The #a(i#u# e(it width fro# any storey of a building shall be #aintained. &1' #$$ange%ent o7 Exit . If only two e(its are re%uired they shall be placed a distance apart to not less than one8fifth of the peri#eter of the area ser"ed #easured in a straight line between e(its. +here three or #ore e(its are re%uired they shall be arranged a reasonable distance apart so that if one beco#es blocked! the others will be a"ailable. &4' Di tance to Exi t . No point in a building without a sprinkler syste# shall be #ore than 4B.<< #eters fro# an e(terior e(it door! a hori,ontal e(it! e(it passageway! or an enclosed stairway! #easured along the line of tra"el. In a building e%uipped with a co#plete auto#atic fire e(tinguishing syste# the distance fro# e(its #ay be increased to ?<.<< #eters. &c' Doo$ . The pro"isions herein shall apply to e"ery e(it door ser"ing an area ha"ing an occupant load of #ore than /<! or ser"ing ha,ardous roo#s or areas. &/' ,!ing. 2(it door shall swing in the direction of e(it tra"el when ser"ing any ha,ardous areas or when ser"ing an occupant load of B< or #ore. Double acting doors shall not be used as e(its ser"ing a tributary occupant load of #ore than /<<$ nor shall they be used as a part of fire asse#bly! nor e%uipped with 12+

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) panic hardware. * double acting door shall be pro"ided with a "iew panel of not less than /!1<< s%uare centi#eters. &0' T1pe o7 4oc< o$ 4atch. 2(it door shall be openable fro# the inside without the use of a key or any special knowledge or effort. Except! that this re%uire#ent shall not apply to e(terior e(it doors in a group 2 or - 5ccupancy if there is a conspicuous! readily "isible and durable sign on or ad:acent to the door! stating that the door is to re#ain unlocked during business hours. The locking de"ice #ust be of a type that will readily be distinguishable as locked. -lush bolts or surface bolts are prohibited. &1' 8idth and "eight. 2"ery re%uired e(it doorway shall be of a si,e as to per#it the installation of a door not less than @<< #illi#eters in width and not less than 0.<< #eters in height. +hen installed in e(it doorways! e(it doors shall be capable of opening at least @< degrees and shall be so #ounted that the clear width of the e(itway is not less than A<< #illi#eters. In co#puting the re%uired e(it width the net di#ension of the e(itway shall be used. &4' Doo$ 4ea7 8idth. No leaf of an e(it door shall e(ceed /.0< #eters in width. &B' ,pecial Doo$ . 3e"ol"ing! sliding! and o"erhead doors shall not be used as re%uired e(its. &?' Eg$e 7$o% Doo$. 2"ery re%uired e(it door shall gi"e i##ediate access to an appro"ed #eans of egress fro# the building. &A' Change in 6loo$ 4e'el at Doo$ . 3egardless of the occupant load there shall be a floor or landing on each side of an e(it door. The floor or landing shall be le"eled with! or not #ore than B< #illi#eters lower than the threshold of the doorway. Except! that in 6roup * and B 5ccupancies! a door #ay open on the top step of a flight of stairs or an e(terior landing pro"ided the door does not swing o"er the top step or e(terior landing and the landing is not #ore than 0<< #illi#eters below the floor le"el. &=' Doo$ &denti7ication. 6lass doors shall confor# to the re%uire#ents in ection /=<B. 5ther e(it doors shall be so #arked that they are readily distinguishable fro# the ad:acent construction. &@' #dditional Doo$ . +hen additional doors are pro"ided for egress purposes! they shall confor# to all pro"isions in the following cases. *ppro"ed re"ol"ing doors ha"ing lea"es which will collapse under opposing pressures #ay be used in e(it situations$ p$o'ided$ that such doors ha"e a #ini#u# width of 0.<< #eters or they are not used in occupancies where e(its are re%uired to be e%uipped with panic hardware or at least one confor#ing e(it door is located ad:acent to each re"ol"ing doors installed in a building and the re"ol"ing door shall not be considered to pro"ide nay e(it width. &d' Co$$ido$ and Exte$io$ Exit Balconie . The pro"isions herein shall apply to e"ery corridor and e(terior e(it balcony ser"ing as a re%uired e(it for an occupant load of #ore than ten. &/' 8idth. 2"ery corridor or e(it balcony shall not be less than /./< #eters in width. &0' P$o:ection . The re%uired width of corridors and e(terior e(it balconies shall be unobstructed. Except! that tri# handrails! and doors when fully opened shall not reduce the re%uired width by #ore than 0<< #illi#eters. Doors in any position shall not reduce the re%uired width of the corridor by #ore than one8half. &1' #cce to Exit . +hen #ore than one e(it is re%uired! they shall be so arranged to allow going to either direction fro# any point in the corridor or e(terior e(it balcony to a separate e(it! e(cept for dead ends per#itted by this Code. &4' Dead End . Corridors and e(terior e(it balconies with dead ends are per#itted when the dead end does not e(ceed ?.<< #eters in length. &B' Con t$uction. +alls and ceilings of corridors shall not be less than one8 hour fire8resisti"e construction. Pro"ided! that this re%uire#ent shall not apply to e(terior e(it balconies! railings! and corridors of one8storey building housing a 6roup 2 and - 5ccupancy occupied by one tenant only and which ser"es an occupant load of 1< or less! nor to corridors! for#ed by te#porary partitions. 2(terior e(it balconies shall not pro:ect into an area where protected openings are re%uired. 12-

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) &?' 2pening . +here corridor wall are re%uired to be one8hour fire8resisti"e construction! e"ery interior door opening shall be protected as set forth in generally recogni,ed and accepted re%uire#ents for dual purpose fire e(it doors. 5ther interior openings e(cept "entilation lou"ers e%uipped with appro"ed auto#atic fire shutters shall be A #illi#eters thick fi(ed wire glass set in steel fra#es. The total area of all openings other than doors! in any portion of an interior corridor wall shall not e(ceed twenty8fi"e percent of the area of the corridor wall of the roo# being separated fro# the corridor. &e' ,tai$!a1 . 2(cept stairs or ladders used only to access e%uip#ent! e"ery stairway ser"ing any building or portion thereof shall confor# to the following re%uire#ents. &/' 8idth. tairways ser"ing an occupant load of #ore than B< shall not be less than /./< #eters. tairways ser"ing an occupant load of B< or less #ay be @<< #illi#eters wide. Pri"ate stairways ser"ing an occupant load of less than /< #ay be AB< #illi#eters. Tri# and handrails shall not reduce the re%uired width by #ore than /<< #illi#eters. &0' Ri e and Run. The rise of e"ery step in a stairway shall not e(ceed 0<< #illi#eters and the run shall not be less than 0B< #illi#eters. The #a(i#u# "ariations in the height of risers and the width of treads in any one flight shall be B #illi#eters. Except, in case of pri"ate stairways ser"ing an occupant load of less than /<! the rise #ay be 0<< #illi#eters and the run #ay be 0B< #illi#eters! e(cept as pro"ided in sub8paragraph &1' below. &1' 8inding ,tai$!a1 . In 6roup * 5ccupancy and in pri"ate stairways in 6roup B 5ccupancies! winders #ay be used if the re%uired width of run is pro"ided at a point not #ore than 1<< #illi#eters fro# the side of the stairway where the treads are narrower but in no case shall any width of run be less than /B< #illi#eters at any point. &4' Ci$cula$ ,tai$!a1 . Circular stairs #ay be used as an e(it pro"ided the #ini#u# width of run is not less than 0B< #illi#eters. *ll treads in any one flight between landings shall ha"e identical di#ensions within a B #illi#eter tolerance. &B' ;anding . 2"ery landing shall ha"e a di#ension #easured in the direction of tra"el e%ual to the width of the stairway. uch di#ension need not e(ceed /.0< #eters when the stairs has a straight run. ;andings when pro"ided shall not be reduced in width by #ore than /<< #illi#eters by a door when fully open. &?' Ba e%ent ,tai$!a1 . +here a base#ent stairway and a stairway to an upper storey ter#inate in the sa#e e(it enclosure! an appro"ed barrier shall be pro"ided to pre"ent persons fro# continuing on to the base#ents. Directional e(it signs shall be pro"ided as specified in this Code. &A' Di tance Bet!een 4anding . There shall be not #ore than 1.?< #eters "ertical distance between landings. &=' "and$ail . tairways shall ha"e handrails on each side and e"ery stairway re%uired to be #ore than 1.<< #eters in width shall be pro"ided with not less than one inter#ediate handrail for each 1.<< #eters of re%uired width. Inter#ediate handrails shall be spaced appro(i#ately e%ual within the entire width of the stairway. 7andrails shall be placed not less than =<< #illi#eters nor #ore than @<< #illi#eters abo"e the nosing of treads! and ends of handrails shall be returned or shall ter#inate in newel posts or safety ter#inals. Except, in the following cases. tairways /./< #eters or less in width and stairways ser"ing one indi"idual dwelling unit in 6roup * or B 5ccupancies #ay ha"e one handrail! e(cept that such stairway! open on one or both! sides shall ha"e handrails pro"ided on the open side or sides. or stairways ha"ing less than four risers need not ha"e handrails. &@' Exte$io$ ,tai$!a1 P$otection. *ll openings in the e(terior wall below or within 1.<< #eters! #easured hori,ontally! of an e(terior e(it stairway ser"ing a building o"er two storeys in height shall be protected by a self8closing fire asse#bly ha"ing a three8fourths hour fire8resisti"e rating. Except, that openings #ay be unprotected when two separated e(terior stairways ser"e an e(terior e(it balcony. &/<a' ,tai$!a1 Con t$uction = &nte$io$. Interior stairways shall be constructed as specified in this Code. +here there is enclosed usable space 123

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) under the stairs the walls and soffits of the enclosed space shall be protected on the enclosed side as re%uired for one8hour fire resisti"e construction. &/<b' ,tai$!a1 Con t$uction = Exte$io$. 2(terior stairways shall be of inco#bustible #aterial. Except, that on Type III buildings which do not e(ceed two storeys in height! which are located in less fire8restricti"e -ire Fones! as well as on Type I buildings which #ay be of wood not less than B< #illi#eters in no#inal thickness. 2(terior stairs shall be protected as re%uired for e(terior walls due to location on property as specified in this Code. 2(terior stairways shall not pro:ect into an area where openings are re%uired to be protected. +here there is enclosed usable space under stairs! the walls and soffits of the enclosed space shall be protected on the enclosed side as re%uired for one8hour fire8resisti"e construction. &//' ,tai$!a1 to Roo7. In e"ery building four or #ore storeys in height! one stairway shall e(tend to the roof unless the roof has C slope greater than / in 1. &/0' "ead$oo%. 2"ery re%uired stairway shall ha"e a headroo# clearance of not less than 0.<< #eters. uch clearance shall be established by #easuring "ertically fro# a plane parallel and tangent to the stairway tread nosing to the soffit abo"e all points. &f' Ra%p . * ra#p confor#ing to the pro"isions of this Code #ay be used as an e(it. The width of ra#ps shall be as re%uired for corridors. &g' "o$i-ontal Exit. If confor#ing to the pro"isions of this Code! a hori,ontal e(it #ay be considered as the re%uired e(it. *ll openings in a separation wall shall be protected by a fire asse#bly ha"ing a fire8resisti"e rating of not less than one hour. * hori,ontal e(it shall not lead into a floor area ha"ing a capacity for an occupant load not less than the occupant load ser"ed by such e(it. The capacity shall be deter#ined by allowing <.1< s%uare #eter of net floor area per a#bulatory occupant and /.@< s%uare #eters per non8 a#bulatory occupant. The dispersal area into which the hori,ontal e(it leads shall be pro"ided with e(its as re%uired by this Code. &h' Exit Enclo u$e. 2"ery interior stairway! ra#p! or escalator shall be enclosed as specified in this Code. Except! that in other than 6roup D 5ccupancies! an enclosure will not be re%uired for stairway! ra#p! or escalator ser"ing only one ad:acent floor and not connected with corridors or stairways ser"ing other floors. tairs in 6roup * 5ccupancies need not be enclosed. &/' 2nclosure walls shall not be less than two8hour fire8resisti"e construction. There shall be no openings into e(it enclosures e(cept e(it doorways and openings in e(terior walls. *ll e(it doors in an e(it enclosure shall be appropriately protected. &0' tairway and ra#p enclosures shall include landings and parts of floors connecting stairway flights and shall include a corridor on the ground floor leading fro# the stairway to the e(terior of the building. 2nclosed corridors or passageways are not re%uired for unenclosed stairways. &1' * stairway in an e(it enclosure shall not continue below the grade le"el e(it unless an appro"ed barrier is pro"ided at the ground floor le"el to pre"ent persons fro# accidentally continuing into the base#ent. &4' There shall be no enclosed usable space under stairways in an e(it enclosure! nor shall the open space under such stairways be used for any purpose. (i) ,%o<ep$oo7 Enclo u$e * s#okeproof enclosure shall consist of a "estibule and a continuous stairway enclosed fro# the highest point to the lowest point by walls of two8hour fire8resisti"e construction. In buildings fi"e storeys or #ore in height! one of the re%uired e(its shall be a s#okeproof enclosure. &/' tairs in s#okeproof enclosures shall be of inco#bustible construction. &0' There shall be no openings in s#okeproof enclosures! e(cept e(it doorways and openings in e(terior walls. There shall be no openings directly into the interior of the building. *ccess shall be through a "estibule with one wall at least fifty percent open to the e(terior and ha"ing an e(it door fro# the interior of 12,

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) the building and an e(it door leading to the s#okeproof enclosure. In lieu of a "estibule! access #ay be by way of an open e(terior balcony of inco#bustible #aterials. &1' The opening fro# the building to the "estibule or balcony shall be protected with a self8closing fire asse#bly ha"ing one8hour fire8resisti"e rating. The opening fro# the "estibule or balcony to the stair tower shall be protected by a self8closing fire asse#bly ha"ing a one8hour fire8resisti"e rating. &4' * s#okeproof enclosure shall e(it into a public way or into an e(it passageway leading to a public way. The e(it passageway shall be without other openings and shall ha"e walls! floors! and ceilings of two8hour fire8resistance. &B' * stairway in a s#okeproof enclosure shall not continue below the grade le"el e(it unless an appro"ed barrier is pro"ided at a ground floor le"el to pre"ent persons fro# accidentally walking into the base#ent. &:' Exit 2utlet , Cou$t , and Pa age!a1 2"ery e(it shall discharge into a public way! e(it court! or e(it passageway. 2"ery e(it court shall discharge into a public way or an e(it passageway. Passageways shall be without openings other than re%uired e(its and shall ha"e walls! floors! and ceilings of the sa#e period of fire8resistance as the walls! floors and ceilings of the building but shall not be less than one8hour fire8resisti"e construction. &/' 8idth. 2"ery e(it court and e(it passageways shall be at least as wide as the re%uired total width of the tributary e(its! such re%uired width being based on the occupant load ser"ed. The re%uired width of e(it courts or e(it passageways shall be unobstructed e(cept as per#itted in corridors. *t any point where the width of an e(it court is reduced fro# any cause! the reduction in width shall be affected gradually by a guardrail at least @<< #illi#eters in height. The guardrail shall #ake an angle of not #ore than 1< degrees with the a(is of the e(it court. &0' ,lope. The slope of e(it courts shall not e(ceed / in /<. The slope of e(it passageway shall not e(ceed / in =. &1' Nu%0e$ o7 Exit . 2"ery e(it court shall be pro"ided with e(its as re%uired in this Code. &4' 2pening . *ll openings into an e(it court less than 1.<< #eters wide shall be protected by fire asse#blies ha"ing not less than three8fourth hour fire8 resisti"e rating. Except, that openings #ore than 1.<< #eters abo"e the floor of the e(it court #ay be unprotected. &k' Exit ,ign and &llu%ination 2(its shall be illu#inated at any ti#e the building is occupied with lights ha"ing an intensity of not less than /<.A lu( at floor le"el. Except, that for 6roup * 5ccupancies! the e(it illu#ination shall be pro"ided with separate circuits or separated sources of power &but not necessarily separate fro# e(it signs when these are re%uired for e(it sign illu#ination' &l' #i le 2"ery portion or e"ery building in which are installed seats! tables! #erchandise! e%uip#ent! or si#ilar #aterials shall be pro"ided with aisles leading to an e(it. &/' 8idth. 2"ery aisle shall be not less than =<< #illi#eters wide if ser"ing only one side! and not less than / #eter wide if ser"ing both sides. uch #ini#u# width shall be #easured at the point farthest fro# an e(it! cross aisle! or foyer and shall be increased by 1< #illi#eters for e"ery #eter in length towards the e(it! cross aisle or foyer. ide aisles shall not be less than /./< #eters in width. &0' Exit Di tance. In areas occupied by seats and in 6roups 7 and I 5ccupancies without seats! the line of tra"el to an e(it door by an aisle shall be not #ore than 4B.<< #eters. +ith standard spacing! as specified in this Code! aisles shall be so located that there will be not #ore than se"en seats between the wall and an aisle and not #ore than fourteen seats between aisles. The nu#ber of seats between aisles #ay be increased to 1< where e(its doors are pro"ided along each side aisle of the row of seats at the rate of one pair of e(it doors for e"ery fi"e rows of seats! pro"ided further that the distance between seats back to back is at 1 0

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) least one #eter. uch e(it doors shall pro"ide a #ini#u# clear width of /.A< #eters. &1' C$o ai le . *isles shall ter#inate in a cross aisle! foyer! or e(it. The width of the cross aisle shall be not less than the su# of the re%uired width of the widest aisle plus fifty percent of the total re%uired width of the re#aining aisle leading thereto. In 6roups C! 7 and 2 5ccupancies! aisles shall not be pro"ided a dead end greater than ?.<< #eters in length. &4' 9o%ito$ie . Eo#itories connecting the foyer or #ain e(it with the cross aisles shall ha"e a total width not less than the su# of the re%uired width of the widest aisles leading thereto plus fifty percent of the total re%uired width of the re#aining aisles leading thereto. &B' ,lope. The slope portion of aisles shall not e(ceed a fall of / in =. &#' ,eat &/' ,eat ,pacing. +ith standard seating! the spacing of rows of seats fro# back8to8back shall be not less than =4< #illi#eters. +ith continental seating! the spacing of rows of unoccupied seats shall pro"ide a clear width #easured hori,ontally! as follows. 4B< #illi#eters clear for rows of /= seats or less$ B<< #illi#eters clear for rows of 1B seats or less$ B0B #illi#eters clear for rows of 4B seats or less$ and BB< #illi#eters clear for rows of 4? seats or #ore. &0' 8idth. The width of any seat shall be not less than 4B< #illi#eters. &n' Re'ie!ing ,tand , 3$and tand , and Bleache$ &/' "eight o7 ,tand . tands #ade of co#bustible fra#ing shall be li#ited to // rows or 0.A< #eters in height. &0' De ign Re5ui$e%ent . The #ini#u# unit li"e load for re"iewing stands! grandstands! and bleachers shall be B<< kilogra#s per s%uare #eter of hori,ontal pro:ection for the structure as a whole. eat and footboards shall be /=< kilogra#s per linear #eter. The sway force! applied to seats! shall be 1B kilogra#s per linear #eter parallel to the seats and /B kilogra#s per linear #eter perpendicular to the seats. way forces need not be applied si#ultaneously with other lateral forces. &1' ,pacing o7 ,eat &1./' Ro! ,pacing. The #ini#u# spacing of rows of seats #easured fro# back8to8back shall be. ?<< #illi#eters for seats without backrests in open air stands$ AB< #illi#eters for seats with backrests$ and =B< #illi#eters for chair seating. There shall be a space of not less than 1<< #illi#eters between the back of each seat and the front of the seat i##ediately behind it. &1.0' Ri e Bet!een Ro! . The #a(i#u# rise fro# one row of seats to the ne(t shall not e(ceed 4<< #illi#eters. &1.1' ,eating Capacit1. -or deter#ining the seating capacity of a stand! the width of any seat shall not be less than 4B< #illi#eters nor #ore than 4=< #illi#eters. &1.4' Nu%0e$ o7 ,eat Bet!een #i le . The nu#ber of seats between any seat and an aisle shall not be greater than /B for open air stands with seats without backrests! a far open air stands with seats ha"ing backrests and seats without backrests within buildings and ? for seats with backrests in buildings. &4' #i le &4./' #i le Re5ui$ed. *isles shall be pro"ided in all stands$ Except! that aisles #ay be o#itted when all the following conditions e(ist. eats are without backrests$ the rise fro# row to row does not e(ceed 1<< #illi#eters per row$ the nu#ber of rows does not e(ceed // in height$ the top seating board is not o"er 1.<< #eters abo"e grade$ and the first seating board is not #ore than B<< #illi#eters abo"e grade. &4.0' 20 t$uction . No obstruction shall be placed in the re%uired width of any aisle or e(itway. &4.1' ,tai$ Re5ui$ed. +hen an aisle is ele"ated #ore than 0<< #illi#eters abo"e grade! the aisle shall be pro"ided with a stairway or ra#p whose width is not less than the width of the aisle. &4.4' Dead End. No "ertical aisle shall ha"e a dead end #ore than /? rows in depth regardless of the nu#ber of e(its re%uired. 1 1

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) &4.B' 8idth. *isles shall ha"e a #ini#u# width of /./< #eters. &B' ,tai$ and Ra%p The re%uire#ents in this Code shall apply to all stairs and ra#ps e(cept for portions that pass through the seating area. &B./' ,tai$ Ri e and Run. The #a(i#u# rise of treads shall not e(ceed 0<< #illi#eters and the #ini#u# width of the run shall be 0=< #illi#eters. The #a(i#u# "ariation in the width of treads in any one flight shall not be #ore than B #illi#eters and the #a(i#u# "ariation in one height of two ad:acent rises shall not e(ceed B #illi#eters. &B.0' Ra%p ,lope. The slope of a ra#p shall not e(ceed / in =. 3a#ps shall be roughened or shall be of appro"ed nonslip #aterial. &B.1' "and$ail . * ra#p with a slope e(ceeding / in /< shall ha"e handrails. tairs for stands shall ha"e handrails. 7andrails shall confor# to the re%uire#ents of this Code. &?' 3ua$d$ail &?./' 6uardrails shall be re%uired in all locations where the top of a seat plank is #ore than /.0< #eters abo"e the grade and at the front of stands ele"ated #ore than ?<< #illi#eters abo"e grade. +here only sections of stands are used! guardrails shall be pro"ided as re%uired in this Code. &?.0' 3ailings shall be /./< #eters abo"e the rear of a seat plank or /./< #eters abo"e the rear of the steps in an aisle when the guardrail is parallel and ad:acent to the aisle. Except, that the height #ay be reduced to @<< #illi#eters for guardrails located in front of the grandstand. &?.1' * #idrail shall be placed ad:acent to any seat to li#it the open distance abo"e the top of any part of a seat to 0B< #illi#eters where the seat is at the e(tre#e end or at the e(tre#e rear of the bleachers or grandstand. The inter"ening space shall ha"e one additional rail #idway in the opening. Except, that railings #ay be o#itted when stands are placed directly against a wall or fence gi"ing e%ui"alent protection$ stairs and ra#ps shall be pro"ided with guardrails. 7andrails at the front of stands and ad:acent to an aisle shall be designed to resist a load of AB kilogra#s per linear #eter applied at the top rail. 5ther handrails shall be designed to resist a load of 4< kilogra#s per linear #eter. &A' 6oot Boa$d -ootboards shall be pro"ided for all rows of seats abo"e the third row or beginning at such point where the seating plank is #ore than ?<< #illi#eters abo"e grade. &=' Exit &=./' Di tance to Exit. The line of tra"el to an e(it shall not be #ore than 4B.<< #eters. -or stands with seats without backseats this distance #ay be #easured by direct line fro# a seat to the e(it fro# the stand. &=.0' #i le > ed a Exit. *n aisle #ay be considered as only one e(it unless it is continuous at both ends to a legal building e(it or to a safe dispersal area. &=.1' T!o Exit Re5ui$ed. * stand with the first seating board not #ore than B<< #illi#eters abo"e grade of floor #ay be considered to ha"e two e(its when the botto# of the stand is open at both ends. 2"ery stand or section of a stand within a building shall ha"e at least two #eans of egress when the stand acco##odates #ore than B< persons. 2"ery open air stand ha"ing seats without backrests shall ha"e at least two #eans of egress when the stand acco##odates #ore than 1<< persons. &=.4' Th$ee Exit Re5ui$ed. Three e(its shall be re%uired for stands within a building when there are #ore than 1<< occupants within a stand and for open air stands with seats without backrests where a stand or section of a stand acco##odates #ore than /<<< occupants. &=.B' 6ou$ Exit Re5ui$ed. -our e(its shall be re%uired when a stand or section of a stand acco##odates #ore than /<<< occupants. Except, that for an open air stand with seats without backrest four e(its need not be pro"ided unless there are acco##odations for #ore than 1<<< occupants. &=.?' 8idth. The total width of e(its in #eters shall not be less than the total occupant load ser"ed di"ided by /?B. Except, that for open air stands with seats without backrest the total width of e(its in #eters shall be not less than the 1 2

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) total occupant load ser"ed di"ided by B<< when e(iting by stairs! and di"ided by ?B< when e(iting by ra#ps or hori,ontally. +hen both hori,ontal and stair e(its are used! the total width of e(its shall be deter#ined by using both figures as applicable. No e(it shall be less than /./< #eters in width. 2(its shall be located at a reasonable distance apart. +hen only two e(its are pro"ided! they shall be spaced not less than one8fifth of the peri#eter apart. &@' ,ecu$ing o7 Chai$ Chairs and benches used on raised stands shall be secured to the platfor#s upon which they are placed. Except, that when less than 0B chairs are used upon a single raised platfor# the fastening of seats to the platfor# #ay be o#itted. +hen #ore than B<< loose chairs are used in connection with athletic e"ents! chairs shall be fastened together in groups of not less than three! and shall be tied or staked to the ground. &/<' ,a7e Di pe$ al #$ea 2ach safe dispersal area shall ha"e at least two e(its. If #ore than ?<<< persons are to be acco##odated within such an area! there shall be a #ini#u# of three e(its! and for #ore than @<<< persons there shall be a #ini#u# of four e(its. The aggregate clear width of e(its fro# a safe dispersal area shall be deter#ined on the basis of not less than one e(it unit of ?<< #illi#eters for each B<< persons to be acco##odated and no e(it shall be less than /./< #eters in width! a reasonable distance apart but shall be spaced not less than one8fifth of the peri#eter of the area apart fro# each other. &o' ,pecial "a-a$d &/' Boile$ Roo% . 2(cept in 6roup * 5ccupancies! e"ery boiler roo# and e"ery roo# containing an incinerator or li%uefied petroleu# gas or li%uid fuel8fired e%uip#ent shall be pro"ided with at least two #eans of egress! one of which #ay be a ladder. *ll interior openings shall be protected as pro"ided for in this Code. &0' Cellulo e Nit$ate "andling. -il# laboratories! pro:ection roo#s! and nitro8 cellulose processing roo#s shall ha"e not less than two e(its. SECTION 1203. S;yli&1t) &a' *ll skylights shall be constructed with #etal fra#es e(cept those for 6roups * and G 5ccupancies. -ra#es of skylights shall be designed to carry loads re%uired for roofs. *ll skylights! the glass of which is set at an angle of less than 4B degrees fro# the hori,ontal! if located abo"e the first storey! shall be set at least /<< #illi#eters abo"e the roof. Curbs on which the skylights rest shall be constructed of inco#bustible #aterials e(cept for Types I or II Construction. &b' pacing between supports in one direction for flat wired glass in skylights shall not e(ceed ?0B #illi#eters. Corrugated wired glass #ay ha"e supports /.B< #eters apart in the direction of the corrugation. *ll glass in skylights shall be wired glass. Except, that skylights o"er "ertical shafts e(tending through two or #ore storeys shall be gla,ed with plain glass as specified in this Code. P$o'ided, that wired glass #ay be used in "entilation e%ual to not less than one8eight the cross8sectional area of the shaft but ne"er less than /.0< #eters pro"ided at the top of such shaft. *ny glass not wired glass shall be protected abo"e and below with a screen constructed of wire not s#aller than 0.B #illi#eters in dia#eter with a #esh not larger than 0B #illi#eters. The screen shall be substantially supported below the glass. &c' kylights installed for the use of photographers #ay be constructed of #etal fra#es and plate glass without wire netting. &d' 5rdinary glass #ay be used in the roof and skylights for greenhouses! P$o'ided, that height of the greenhouses at the ridge does not e(ceed ?.<< #eters abo"e the grade. The use of wood in the fra#es of skylights will be per#itted in greenhouses outside of highly restricti"e -ire Fones if the height of the skylight does not e(ceed ?.<< #eters abo"e the grade! but in other cases #etal fra#es and #etal sash bars shall be used. &e' 6lass used for the trans#ission of light! if placed in floors or sidewalks! shall be supported by #etal or reinforced concrete fra#es! and such glass shall not be less than /0.B #illi#eters in thickness. *ny such glass o"er /<< s%uare centi#eters in area shall 1

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) ha"e wire #esh e#bedded in the sa#e or shall be pro"ided with a wire screen underneath as specified for skylights in this Code. *ll portions of the floor lights or sidewalk lights shall be of the sa#e strength as re%uired for floor or sidewalk construction! e(cept in cases where the floor is surrounded by a railing not less /./< #eters in height! in which case the construction shall be calculated for not less than roof loads.

SECTION 120,. $ay)9 Porc1e)9 an" $alconie) &a' +alls and floors in bay and oriel windows shall confor# to the construction allowed for e(terior walls and floors of the type of construction of the building to which they are attached. The roof co"ering of a bay or oriel window shall confor# to the re%uire#ents of the roofing of the #ain roof. 2(terior balconies attached to or supported by wall re%uired to be of #asonry! shall ha"e brackets or bea#s constructed of inco#bustible #aterials. 3ailings shall be pro"ided for balconies! landings! or porches which are #ore than AB< #illi#eters abo"e grade. SECTION 1210. Pent1o%)e) an" Roof Str%ct%re) &a' "eight No penthouse or other pro:ection abo"e the roof in structures of other than Type E construction shall e(ceed =.4< #eters abo"e the roof when used as an enclosure for tanks or for ele"ators which run to the roof and in all other cases shall not e(tend #ore than 1.?< #eters in height with the roof. (0) #$ea The aggregate area of all penthouses and other roof structures shall not e(ceed one third of the area of the supporting roof. &c' P$ohi0ited > e No penthouse! bulkhead! or any other si#ilar pro:ection abo"e the roof shall be used for purposes other than shelter of #echanical e%uip#ent or shelter of "ertical shaft openings in the roof. * penthouse or bulkhead used for purposes other than that allowed by this ection shall confor# to the re%uire#ents of this Code for an additional storey. &d' Con t$uction 3oof structures shall be constructed with walls! floors! and roof as re%uired for the #ain portion of the building e(cept in the following cases. &/' 5n Types III and IE constructions! the e(terior walls and roofs of penthouses which are /.B< #eters or #ore fro# an ad:acent property line #ay be of one8hour fire8resisti"e inco#bustible construction. &0' +alls not less than /.B< #eters fro# an e(terior wall of a Type IE construction #ay be of one8hour fire8resisti"e inco#bustible construction. The abo"e restrictions shall not prohibit the placing of wood flagpoles or si#ilar structures on the roof of any building. &e' To!e$ and ,pi$e Towers and spires when enclosed shall ha"e e(terior walls as re%uired for the building to which they are attached. Towers not enclosed and which e(tend #ore than 0<.<< #eters abo"e the grade shall ha"e their fra#ework constructed of iron! steel! or reinforced concrete. No tower or spire shall occupy #ore than one8fourth of the street frontage of any building to which it is attached and in no case shall the base area e(ceed /B< s%uare #eters unless it confor#s entirely to the type of construction re%uire#ents of the building to which it is attached and is li#ited in height as a #ain part of the building. If the area of the tower and spire e(ceeds /<.<< s%uare #eters on any hori,ontal cross section! its supporting fra#es shall e(tend directly to the ground. The roof co"ering of the spires shall be as re%uired for the #ain roo# of the rest of the structure. keleton towers used as radio #asts! neon signs! or ad"ertise#ent fra#es and placed on the roof of any building shall be constructed entirely of inco#bustible #aterials when #ore than A.B< #eters in height! and shall be directly supported on an inco#bustible fra#ework to the ground. No such skeleton towers shall be supported on roofs of co#bustible fra#ings. 1 #

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) They shall be designed to withstand a wind load fro# any direction in addition to any other loads. SECTION 1211. C1i(ney)9 /ire!lace)9 an" $ar0ec%e) &a' Chi%ne1 &/' ,t$uctu$al De ign. Chi#neys shall be designed! anchored! supported! reinforced! constructed! and installed in accordance with generally accepted principles of engineering. 2"ery chi#ney shall be capable of producing a draft at the appliance not less than that re%uired for the safe operation of the appliance connected thereto. No chi#ney shall support any structural load other than its own weight unless it is designed to act as a supporting #e#ber. Chi#neys in a wood8 fra#ed building shall be anchored laterally at the ceiling line and at each floor line which is #ore than /.=< #eters abo"e grade! e(cept when entirely within the fra#ework or when designed to be free standing. &0' 8all . 2"ery #asonry chi#ney shall ha"e walls of #asonry units! bricks! stones! listed #asonry chi#ney units! reinforced concrete or e%ui"alent solid thickness of hollow #asonry and lined with suitable liners in accordance with the following re%uire#ents. &0./' +a on$1 Chi%ne1 7o$ Re idential T1pe #ppliance . 9asonry chi#neys shall be constructed of #asonry units or reinforced concrete with walls not less than /<< #illi#eters thick$ or of rubble stone #asonry not less than 1<< #illi#eters thick. The chi#ney liner shall be in accordance with this Code. &0.0' +a on$1 Chi%ne1 7o$ 4o! "eat #ppliance . 9asonry chi#neys shall be constructed of #asonry units or reinforced concrete with walls not less than 0<< #illi#eters thick. Except, that rubble stone #asonry shall be not less than 1<< #illi#eters thick. The chi#ney liner shall be in accordance with this Code. &0.1' +a on$1 Chi%ne1 7o$ +ediu%="eat #ppliance . 9asonry chi#neys for #ediu#8heat appliances shall be constructed of solid #asonry units of reinforced concrete not less than 0<< #illi#eters thick! Except, that stone #asonry shall be not less than 1<< #illi#eters thick and! in addition shall be lined with not less than /<< #illi#eters of firebrick laid in a solid bed of fire clay #ortar with solidly filled head! bed! and wall :oints! starting not less than ?<< #illi#eters below the chi#ney connector entrance. Chi#neys e(tending A.B< #eters or less abo"e the chi#ney connector shall be lined to the top. &0.4' +a on$1 Chi%ne1 7o$ "igh="eat #ppliance . 9asonry chi#neys for high8heat appliances shall be constructed with double walls of solid #asonry units or reinforced concrete not less than 0<< #illi#eters in thickness! with an air space of not less than B< #illi#eters between walls. The inside of the interior walls shall be of firebrick not less than /<< #illi#eters in thickness laid in a solid bed of fire clay #ortar with solidly filled head! bed! and wall :oints. &0.B' +a on$1 Chi%ne1 7o$ incine$ato$ in talled in +ulti=,to$e1 Building (#pa$t%ent=T1pe &ncine$ato$ ). Chi#neys for incinerators installed in #ulti8storey buildings using the chi#ney passageway as a refuse chute where the hori,ontal grate area of co#bustion cha#ber does not e(ceed <.=< s%uare #eter shall ha"e walls of solid #asonry or reinforced concrete! not less than /<< #illi#eters thick with a chi#ney lining as specified in this Code. If the grate area of such an incinerator e(ceeds <.=< s%uare! #eter! the walls shall not be less than /<< #illi#eters of firebrick e(cept that higher than @.<< #eters abo"e the roof of the co#bustion cha#ber! co##on brick alone 0<< #illi#eters in thickness #ay be used. &0.?' +a on$1 Chi%ne1 7o$ Co%%e$cial and &ndu t$ial T1pe &ncine$ato$ . 9asonry chi#neys for co##ercial and industrial type incinerators of a si,e designed for not #ore than //< kilogra#s of refuse per hour and ha"ing a 1 *

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) hori,ontal grate area not e(ceeding <.B< s%uare #eter shall ha"e walls of solid #asonry or reinforced concrete not less than /<< #illi#eters thick with lining of not less than /<< #illi#eters of firebrick! which lining shall e(tend for not less than /0.<< #eters abo"e the roof of the co#bustion cha#ber. If the design capacity of grate area of such an incinerator e(ceeds //< kilogra#s per hour and <.=< s%uare #eter respecti"ely! walls shall not be less than 0<< #illi#eters thick! lined with not les than /<< #illi#eters of firebrick e(tending the full height of the chi#ney. &1' 4ining . -ire clay chi#ney lining shall not be less than /B #illi#eters thick. The lining shall e(tend fro# 0<< #illi#eters below the lowest inlet or! in the case of fireplace! fro# the throat of the fireplace to a point abo"e enclosing #asonry walls. -ire clay chi#ney linings shall be installed ahead of the construction of the chi#ney as it is carried up! carefully bedded one on the other in fire clay #ortar! with close8fitting :oints left s#ooth on the inside. -irebrick not less than B<< #illi#eters thick #ay be used in place of fire clay chi#ney. &4' #$ea. No chi#ney passageway shall be s#aller in area than the "ent connection of the appliance attached thereto. &B' "eight. 2"ery #asonry chi#ney shall e(tend at least ?<< #illi#eters abo"e the part of the roof through which it passes and at least ?<< #illi#eters abo"e the highest ele"ation of any part of a building within 1.<< #eters to the chi#ney. &?' Co$0eling. No #asonry chi#ney shall be corbeled fro# a wall #ore than /B< #illi#eters nor shall a #asonry chi#ney be corbelled fro# a wall which is less than 1<< #illi#eters in thickness unless it pro:ects e%ually on each side of the wall. In the second storey of a two8storey building of 6roup * 5ccupancy! corbeling of #asonry chi#neys on the e(terior of the enclosing walls #ay e%ual the wall thickness. In e"ery case the corbeling shall not e(ceed 0B #illi#eters pro:ection for each course of brick. &A' Change in i-e o$ ,hape. No change in the si,e or shape of a #asonry chi#ney shall be #ade within a distance of /B< #illi#eters abo"e or below the roof :oints or rafters where the chi#ney passes through the roof. &=' ,epa$ation. +hen #ore than one passageway is contained in the sa#e chi#ney! #asonry separation at least /<< #illi#eters thick bonded into the #asonry wall of the chi#ney shall be pro"ided to separate passageways. &@' &nlet . 2"ery inlet to any #asonry chi#ney shall enter the side thereof and shall be of not less than 1 #illi#eters thick #etal or /? #illi#eters refractory #aterial. &/<' Clea$ance. Co#bustible #aterials shall not be placed within B< #illi#eters of s#oke cha#ber or #asonry chi#ney walls when built within a structure! or within 0B #illi#eters when the chi#ney is built entirely outside the structure. &//' Te$%ination. *n incinerator chi#ney shall ter#inate in a substantially constructed spark arrester ha"ing a #esh not e(ceeding 0< #illi#eters. &/0' Cleanout . Cleanout openings shall be pro"ided at the base of e"ery #asonry chi#ney. &b' 6i$eplace and Ba$0ecue -ireplaces! barbecues! s#oke cha#bers! and fireplace chi#neys shall be of solid #asonry or reinforced concrete and shall confor# to the #ini#u# re%uire#ents specified in this Code. &/' 6i$eplace 8all . +alls of fireplaces shall not be less than 0<< #illi#eters in thickness. +alls of firebo(es shall not be less than 0B< #illi#eters in thickness. Except, that where a lining of firebrick is used! such walls shall not be less than 0<< #illi#eters in thickness. The firebo( shall not be less than B<< #illi#eters in depth. The #a(i#u# thickness of :oints in firebrick shall be /< #illi#eters. &0' "ood . 9etal hoods used as part of a fireplace or barbecue shall be not less than No. /= gauge copper! gal"ani,ed iron! or other e%ui"alent corrosion8 resistant ferrous #etal with all sea#s and connections of s#okeproof unsoldered construction. The hoods shall be sloped at an angle of 4B degrees or les fro# the "ertical and shall e(tend hori,ontally at least /B< #illi#eters beyond the li#its of 1 +

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) the firebo(. 9etal hoods shall be kept a #ini#u# of 4<< #illi#eters fro# co#bustible #aterials. &1' Ci$culato$ . *ppro"ed #etal heat circulators #ay be installed in fireplaces. &4' ,%o<e Cha%0e$. -ront and side walls shall not be less than 0<< #illi#eters in thickness. #oke cha#ber back walls shall not be less than /B< #illi#eters in thickness. &B' 6i$eplace Chi%ne1 . +alls of chi#neys without flue lining shall not be less than 0<< #illi#eters in thickness. +alls of chi#neys with flue lining shall not be less than /<< #illi#eters in thickness and shall be constructed in accordance with the re%uire#ents of this Code. &?' Clea$ance to Co%0u ti0le +ate$ial . Co#bustible #aterials shall not be placed within B< #illi#eters of fireplace! s#oke cha#ber! or chi#ney walls when built entirely within a structure! or within 0B #illi#eters when the chi#ney is built entirely outside the structure. Co#bustible #aterials shall not be placed within /B< #illi#eters of the fireplace opening. No such co#bustible #aterial within 1<< #illi#eters of the fireplace opening shall pro:ect #ore than 1 #illi#eters for each 0B #illi#eters clearance fro# such opening. No part of #etal hoods used as part of a fireplace! barbecue or heating sto"es shall be less than 4<< #illi#eters fro# co#bustible #aterial. This clearance #ay be reduced to the #ini#u# re%uire#ents set forth in this Code. &A' #$ea o7 6lue , Th$oat , and Da%pe$ . The net cross8sectional area of the flue and of the throat between the firebo( and the s#oke cha#ber of a fireplace shall not be less than the re%uire#ents to be set forth by the ecretary. +here da#pers are used! they shall be of not less than No. /0 gauge #etal. +hen fully opened! da#per opening shall be not less than ninety percent of the re%uired flue area. +hen fully open! da#per blades shall not e(tend beyond the line of the inner face of the flue. &=' 4intel ( 9asonry o"er the fireplace opening shall be supported by a non8 co#bustible lintel. &@' "ea$th D 2"ery fireplace shall be pro"ided with a brick! concrete! stone! or other appro"ed non8co#bustible hearth slab at least 1<< #illi#eters wider on each side then the fireplace opening and pro:ecting at least 4B< #illi#eters therefro#. This slab shall not be less than /<< #illi#eters thick and shall be supported by a nonco#bustible #aterial or reinforced to carry its own weight and all i#posed loads. SECTION 1212. /ire8E5tin&%i)1in& Sy)te() &a' 6i$e=Extingui hing ,1 te% D +here re%uired! standard auto#atic fire8 e(tinguishing syste#s shall be installed in the following places! and in the #anner pro"ided in this Code. &/' In e"ery storey! base#ent or cellar with an area of 0<< s%uare #eters or #ore which is used for habitation! recreation! dining! study! or work! and which has an occupant load of #ore than 0<. &0' In all dressing roo#s! rehearsal roo#s! workshops or factories! and other roo#s with an occupant load of #ore than /< or asse#bly halls under 6roup 7 and I occupancies with occupant load of #ore than B<<! and if the ne(t doors of said roo#s are #ore than 1<.<< #eters fro# the nearest safe fire dispersal area of the building or opening to an e(it court or street. &1' In all roo#s used for storage or handling of photographic (8ray nitrocellulose fil#s and other infla##able articles. &b' D$1 ,tandpipe D 2"ery building four or #ore storeys in height shall be e%uipped with one or #ore dry standpipes. &/' Con t$uction and Te t ( Dry standpipes shall be of wrought iron or gal"ani,ed steel and together with fittings and connections shall be of sufficient strength to withstand 0< kilogra#s per s%uare centi#eter of water pressure when ready for ser"ice! without leaking at the :oints! "al"es! or fittings. Tests shall be conducted by the owner or the building contractor in the presence of a 1 -

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) representati"e of the Building 5fficial whene"er dee#ed necessary for the purpose of certification of its proper function. &0' ,i-e D Dry standpipes shall be of such si,e as to be capable of deli"ering @<< liters or water per #inute fro# each of any three outlets si#ultaneously under the pressure created by one fire engine or pu#per based on the standard e%uip#ent a"ailable. &1' Nu%0e$ Re5ui$ed D 2"ery building four or #ore storeys in height where the area of any floor abo"e the third floor is @B< s%uare #eters or less! shall be e%uipped with at least one dry standpipe and an additional standpipe shall be installed for each additional @B< s%uare #eters or fraction thereof. &4' 4ocation D tandpipes shall be located within enclosed stairway landings or near such stairways as possible or i##ediately inside of an e(terior wall and within 1<< #illi#eters of an opening in a stairway enclosure of the balcony or "estibule of a s#okeproof tower or an outside e(it stairway. &B' ,ia%e e Connection ( ub:ect to the pro"isions of subparagraph &0' all /<< #illi#eters dry standpipes shall be e%uipped with a two8way ia#ese fire depart#ent connection. *ll /0B #illi#eters dry standpipes shall be e%uipped with a three8way ia#ese fire depart#ent connection and /B< #illi#eters dry standpipes shall be e%uipped with a four8way ia#ese fire depart#ent connections. *ll ia#ese inlet connections shall be located on a street8front of the building and not less than 1<< #illi#eters nor #ore than /.0< #eters abo"e the grade and shall be e%uipped with a clapper8checks and substantial plugs. *ll ia#ese inlet connections shall be recessed in the wall or otherwise substantially protected. &?' 2utlet ( *ll dry standpipes shall e(tend fro# the ground floor to and o"er the roof and shall be e%uipped with a ?1 #illi#eters outlet nor #ore than /.0< #eters abo"e the floor le"el at each storey. *ll dry standpipes shall be e%uipped with a two8way ?1 #illi#eters outlet abo"e the roof. *ll outlets shall be e%uipped with gate "al"es. &A' ,ign D *n iron or bron,e sign with raised letters at least 0B #illi#eters high shall be rigidly attached to the building ad:acent to all ia#ese connections and such signs shall read. C5NN2CTI5N T5 D3I T*NDPIP2. &c' 8et ,tandpipe D 2"ery 6roup 7 and I 5ccupancy of any height! and e"ery 6roup C 5ccupancy of two #ore storeys in height! and e"ery 6roup B! D! 2! - and 6 5ccupancy of three or #ore storeys in height and e"ery 6roup 6 and 2 5ccupancy o"er /=<< s%uare #eters in area shall be e%uipped with one or #ore interior wet standpipes e(tending fro# the cellar or base#ent into the top#ost storey. P$o'ided, that 6roup 7 buildings ha"ing no stage and ha"ing a seating capacity of less than B<< need not be e%uipped with interior wet standpipes. &/' Con t$uction D Interior wet standpipes shall be constructed of the sa#e #aterials as those re%uired for dry standpipes. &0' ,i-e &0./' Interior wet standpipes shall ha"e an internal dia#eter sufficient to deli"er /@< liters of water per #inute under 0.< kilogra#s per s%uare centi#eter pressure at the hose connections. Buildings of 6roup 7 and I 5ccupancy shall ha"e wet standpipes syste#s capable of deli"ering the re%uired %uantity and pressure fro# any two outlets si#ultaneously$ for all other occupancies only one outlet need be figured to be opened at one ti#e. In no case shall the internal dia#eter of a wet standpipe be less than B< #illi#eters! e(cept when the standpipe is attached to an auto#atic fire8e(tinguishing syste#. &0.0' *ny appro"ed for#ula which deter#ine pipe si,es on a pressure drop basis #ay be used to deter#ine pipe si,e for wet standpipe syste#s. The Building 5fficial #ay re%uire discharge capacity and pressure tests on co#pleted wet standpipe syste#s. &1' Nu%0e$ $e5ui$ed D The nu#ber of wet standpipes when re%uired in this Code shall be so deter#ined that all portions of the building are within ?.<< #eters of a no,,le attached to a hose 01.<< #eters in length. &4' 4ocation D In 6roup 7 and I 5ccupancies! outlets shall be located as follows. one on each side of the stage! one at the rear of the auditoriu#! and one 1 3

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) at the rear of the balcony. +here occupant loads are less than B<< the abo"e re%uire#ents #ay be wai"ed. P$o'ided, that portable fire8e(tinguishers of appropriate capacity and type are installed within easy access fro# the said locations. In 6roup B! C! D! 2! - and 6 5ccupancies! the location of all interior wet standpipes shall be in accordance with the re%uire#ent for dry standpipes. P$o'ided, that at least one standpipe is installed to co"er not #ore than ?B< s%uare #eters. &B' 2utlet . *ll interior wet standpipes shall be e%uipped with a 1= #illi#eter "al"e in each storey! including the base#ent or cellar of the building! and located not less than 1<< #illi#eters nor #ore than /.0< #eters abo"e the floor. &?' Th$ead . *ll those threads used in connection with the installation of such standpipes! including "al"es and reducing fittings shall be unifor# with that prescribed by the ecretary. &A' 8ate$ ,uppl1. *ll interior wet standpipes shall be connected to a street #ain not less than /<< #illi#eters in dia#eter! or when the water pressure is insufficient! to a water tank of sufficient si,e as pro"ided in subparagraph &='. +hen #ore than one interior wet standpipe is re%uired in the building! such standpipe shall be connected at their bases or at their tops by pipes of e%ual si,e. &=' P$e u$e and 3$a'it1 Tan< D Tanks shall ha"e a capacity sufficient to furnish at least /!B<< liters per #inute for a period of not less than /< #inutes. uch tanks shall be located so as to pro"ide not less than 0 kilogra#s per s%uare centi#eter pressure at the top#ost base outlet for its entire supply. Discharge pipes fro# pressure tanks shall e(tend B< #illi#eters into and abo"e the botto# of such tanks. *ll tanks shall be tested in place after installation and pro"ed tight at a hydrostatic pressure fifty percent in e(cess of the working pressure re%uired. +here such tanks are used for do#estic purposes the supply pipe for such purposes shall be located at or abo"e the center line of such tanks. Inco#bustible supports shall be pro"ided for all such supply tanks and not less than a @<< #illi#eters clearance shall be #aintained o"er the top and under the botto# of all pressure tanks. &@' 6i$e pu%p . -ire pu#ps shall ha"e a capacity of not less than /!<<< liters per #inute with a pressure not less than 0 kilogra#s per s%uare centi#eter at the top#ost hose outlet. The source of supply for such pu#p shall be a street water #ain of not less than /<< #illi#eters dia#eter or a well or cistern containing a one8 hour supply. uch pu#ps shall be supplied with an ade%uate source of power and shall be auto#atic in operation. &/<' "o e and "o e Reel ( 2ach hose outlet of all interior wet standpipes shall be supplied with a hose not less than 1= #illi#eters in dia#eter. uch hose shall be e%uipped with a suitable brass or bron,e no,,le and shall be not o"er 01.<< #eters in length. *n appro"ed standard for# of wall hose reel or rack shall be pro"ided for the hose and shall be located so as to #ake the hose readily accessible at all ti#es and shall be recessed in the walls or protected by suitable cabinets. &d' Ba e%ent Pipe &nlet D Base#ent pipe inlets shall be installed in the first floor of e"ery store! warehouse! or factory where there are cellars or base#ents under sa#e. Except, where in such cellars or base#ents there is installed a fire8e(tinguishing syste# as specified in this Code or where such cellars or base#ents are used for banking purposes! safe deposit "aults! or si#ilar uses. &/' +ate$ial D *ll base#ent pipe inlets shall be of cast iron! steel! brass! or bron,e with lids of cast brass or bron,e and shall consist of a slee"e not less than 0<< #illi#eters in dia#eter through the floor e(tending to and flush with the ceiling below and with a top flange! recessed with an inside shoulder! to recei"e the lid and flush with the finished floor surface. The lid shall be a solid casting and shall ha"e a ring lift recessed on the top thereof! so as to be flushed. The lid shall ha"e the words -53 -I32 D2P*3T92NT 5N;I! D5 N5T C5E23 CP cast on the top thereof. The lid shall be installed in such a #anner as to per#it its re#o"al readily fro# the inlet. &0' 4ocation. Base#ent pipe inlets shall be strategically located and kept readily accessible at all ti#es to the -ire Depart#ent. 1 ,

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) &e' #pp$o'al D *ll fire8e(tinguishing syste#s! including auto#atic sprinklers! wet and dry standpipes! auto#atic che#ical e(tinguishers! base#ent pipe inlets! and the appurtenances thereto shall #eet the appro"al of the -ire Depart#ent as to installation and location and shall be sub:ect to such periodic tests as it #ay re%uire. SECTION 121 . Sta&e) an" Platfor( &a' ,tage 9entilato$ ( There shall be one or #ore "entilators constructed of #etal or other inco#bustible #aterial near the center and abo"e the highest part of any working stage raised abo"e the stage roof and ha"ing a total "entilation area e%ual to at least fi"e percent of the floor area within the stage walls. The entire e%uip#ent shall confor# to the following re%uire#ents. &/' 2pening #ction D Eentilators shall open by spring action or force of gra"ity sufficient to o"erco#e the effects of neglect! rust! dirt! or e(pansion by heat or warping of the fra#ework. &0' 3la ( 6lass! if used in "entilators! #ust be protected against falling on the stage. * wire screen! if used under the glass! #ust be so placed that if clogged it cannot reduce the re%uired "entilating area or interfere with the operating #echanis# or obstruct the distribution of water fro# the auto#atic fire e(tinguishing syste#s. &1' De ign D Eentilators! penthouses! and supporting fra#ework shall be designed in accordance with this Code. &4' ,p$ing #ctuation D prings! when e#ployed to actuate "entilator doors! shall be capable of #aintaining full re%uired tension indefinitely. prings shall not be stressed #ore than fifty percent of their rated capacity and shall not be located directly in the air strea#! nor e(posed to ele#ents. &B' 4ocation o7 6u i0le 4in< D * fusible link shall be placed in the cable control syste# on the underside of the "entilator at or abo"e the roof line or as appro"ed by the Building 5fficial! and shall be so located as not to be affected by the operation of fire8e(tinguishing syste#s. &?' Cont$ol D 3e#ote! #anual or electrical control shall pro"ide for both opening and closing of the "entilator doors for periodic testing and shall be located at a point on the stage designated by the Building 5fficial. +hen re#ote control of "entilator is electrical! power failure shall not affect its instant operation in the e"ent of fire. 7and winches #ay be e#ployed to facilitate operation of #anually controlled "entilators. &b' 3$idi$on (

&/' 6ridirons fly galleries! and pin8rails shall be constructed of inco#bustible #aterials and fire protection of steel and iron #ay be o#itted. 6ridirons and fly galleries shall be designed to support a li"e load of not less than 1?A kilogra#s per s%uare #eter. 2ach loft block well shall be designed to support 1A1 kilogra#s per linear #eter and the head block well shall be designed to support the aggregate weight of all the loft block wells ser"ed. The head block well #ust be pro"ided with an ade%uate strongback or lateral brace to offset tor%ue. &0' The #ain counterweight shea"e bea# shall be designed to support a hori,ontal and "ertical unifor#ly distributed li"e load sufficient to acco##odate the weight i#posed by the total nu#ber of loft blocks in the gridiron. The shea"e blocks shall be designed to acco##odate the #a(i#u# load for the loft or head blocks ser"ed with a safety factor of fi"e. &c' Roo% #cce o$1 to ,tage D In a building ha"ing a stage! the dressing roo# sections! workshops! and storeroo#s shall be located on the stage side of the prosceniu# wall and shall be separated fro# each other and fro# the stage by not less than a 5ne8 7our -ire83esisti"e 5ccupancy eparation. &d' P$o ceniu% 8all D * stage shall be co#pletely separated fro# the auditoriu# by a prosceniu# wall of not less than two8hour inco#bustible construction. The prosceniu# wall shall e(tend not less than /.0< #eters abo"e the roof o"er the auditoriu#. 1#0

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) Prosceniu# walls #ay ha"e! in addition to the #ain prosceniu# openings! one opening at the orchestra pit le"el and not #ore than two openings at the stage floor le"el! each of which shall be not #ore than 0.<< s%uare #eters in area. *ll openings in the prosceniu# wall of stage shall be protected by a fire asse#bly ha"ing a one and one8half8hour fire8 resisti"e rating. The prosceniu# opening! which shall be the #ain opening for "iewing perfor#ances! shall be pro"ided with a self closing fire8resisti"e curtain as specified in this Code. &e' ,tage 6loo$ D The type of construction for stage floors shall depend upon the re%uire#ents based on the type of 5ccupancy and the corresponding fire8resisti"e re%uire#ents. *ll parts of the stage floor shall be designed to support not less than ?0< kilogra#s per s%uare #eters. 5penings through stage floors shall be e%uipped with tight8 fitting trap doors of wood of not less than B< #illi#eters no#inal thickness. &f' Plat7o$% D The type of construction for platfor#s shall depend upon the re%uire#ents based on the Type of 5ccupancy and corresponding fire8resisti"e re%uire#ents. 2nclosed platfor#s shall be pro"ided with one or #ore "entilators confor#ing to the re%uire#ents of stage "entilators. Except, that the total area shall be e%ual to fi"e percent of the area of the platfor#. +hen #ore than one "entilator is pro"ided! they shall be so spaced as to pro"ide proper e(haust "entilation. Eentilators shall not be re%uired for enclosed platfor#s ha"ing a floor area of 4B.<< s%uare #eters or less. &g' ,tage Exit D *t least one e(it not less than @<< #illi#eters wide shall be pro"ided fro# each side of the stage opening directly or by #eans of a passageway not less than @<< #illi#eters in width to a street or e(it court. *n e(it stair not less than AB< #illi#eters wide shall be pro"ided for egress fro# each fly gallery. 2ach tier of dressing roo#s shall be pro"ided with at least two #eans of egress each not less than AB< #illi#eters wide and all such stairs shall be constructed in accordance with the re%uire#ent specified in this Code. The stairs re%uired in this ub8section need not be enclosed. SECTION 121#. .otion Pict%re Pro@ection Roo() &a' 3ene$al Re5ui$e%ent ( The pro"isions of this ection shall apply only where ribbon type #otion picture fil#s in e(cess of 008#illi#eter width and electric pro:ection e%uip#ent are used. 2"ery #otion picture #achine using ribbon type fil# in e(cess of 00 #illi#eter width and electric arc pro:ections e%uip#ent! together with all electrical de"ices! rheostats! #achines! and all such fil#s present in any 6roup C! I! or 7 5ccupancy! shall be enclosed in a pro:ection roo# large enough to per#it the operator to walk freely on either side and back of the #achine. &b' Con t$uction D 2"ery pro:ection roo# shall be of not les than one8hour fire8 resisti"e construction throughout and the walls and ceiling shall be finished with inco#bustible #aterials. The ceiling shall be not less than 0.4< #eters fro# the finished floor. The roo# shall ha"e a floor area of not less than A.<< s%uare #eters and 1.B< s%uare #eters for each additional #achine. &c' Exit D 2"ery pro:ection roo# shall ha"e at least two doorways separated by not less than one8third the peri#eter of the roo#! each at least AB< #illi#eters wide and 0.<< #eters high. *ll entrances to a pro:ection roo# shall be protected by a self8closing fire asse#bly ha"ing a three8fourths hour fire8resisti"e rating. uch doors shall open outward and lead to proper e(its as re%uired in this Code and shall not be e%uipped with any latch. The #a(i#u# width of such door shall be AB< #illi#eters. &d' Po$t and 2pening D Ports in pro:ection roo# walls shall be of three kinds. pro:ection ports$ obser"ation ports$ and co#bination ports used for both obser"ation and for stereopticon! spot or floodlight #achines. &/' Po$t Re5ui$ed D There shall be pro"ided for each #otion picture pro:ector not #ore than one pro:ection port! which shall be li#ited in area to AB< s%uare centi#eters! and not #ore than one obser"ation port! which shall be li#ited in area to /!1<< s%uare centi#eters. There shall be not #ore than three 1#1

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) co#bination ports! each of which shall not e(ceed AB< #illi#eters by ?<< #illi#eters. 2ach port opening shall be co#pletely co"ered with a pane of glass. Except, that when acetate safety fil# is used! pro:ection ports #ay be increased in si,e to an area not to e(ceed 4!B<< s%uare centi#eters. &0' ,hutte$ D 2ach port and e"ery other opening in pro:ection roo# walls! including! any fresh8air inlets but e(cluding e(it doors and e(haust ducts! shall be pro"ided with a shutter of not less than 0.4 #illi#eters thick sheet #etal or its e%ui"alent large enough to o"erlap at least 0B #illi#eters on all sides of such openings. hutters shall be arranged to slide without binding in guides constructed of #aterial e%ual to the shutters in strength and fire8resistance. 2ach shutter shall be e%uipped with a A4 fusible link! which when fused by heat will cause closure of the shutter by gra"ity. hutters of a si,e greater than /!1<< s%uare centi#eters shall be e%uipped with a counter8balance. There shall also be a fusible link located o"er the upper #aga,ine of each pro:ector! which upon operating! will close all the shutters. In addition! there shall be pro"ided suitable #eans for #anually closing all shutters si#ultaneously fro# any pro:ector head and fro# a point within the pro:ection roo# near each e(it door. hutters on openings not in use shall be kept closed. Except! that shutters #ay be o#itted when only acetate safety fil# is used. &e' 9entilation ( &/' &nlet D * fresh8air inlet fro# the e(terior of the building not less than @<< s%uare centi#eters and protected with wire netting! shall be installed within B< #illi#eters of the floor in e"ery pro:ection roo#! the source of which shall be re#ote fro# other outside "ents or flues. &0' 2utlet D Eentilation shall be pro"ided by one or #ore #echanical e(haust syste#s which shall draw air fro# each arc la#p housing to out8doors either directly or through an inco#bustible flue used for no other purpose. 2(haust capacity shall not be less than <.B< cubic #eter nor #ore than /.4< cubic #eter per #inute for each arc la#p plus B.?< cubic #eters for the roo# itself. yste#s shall be controlled fro# within the enclosure and shall ha"e pilot lights to indicate operation. The e(haust syste#s ser"ing the pro:ection roo# #ay be e(tended to co"er roo#s associated therewith such as rewind roo#s. No da#pers shall be installed in such e(haust syste#s. Eentilation of these roo#s shall not be connected in any way with "entilating or air8conditioning syste#s ser"ing other portions of the building. 2(haust ducts shall be of inco#bustible #aterial and shall either be kept 0B #illi#eters fro# co#bustible #aterial or co"ered with /< #illi#eters of inco#bustible heat8insulating #aterial. &f' Regulation o7 E5uip%ent D *ll shel"es! fi(tures! and fi(ed e%uip#ent in a pro:ection roo# shall be constructed of inco#bustible #aterials. *ll fil#s not in actual use shall be stored in #etal cabinets ha"ing indi"idual co#part#ents for reels or shall be in generally accepted shipping containers. No solder shall be used in the construction of such cabinets. SECTION 121*. Lat1in&9 Pla)terin&9 an" In)tallation of :all $oar") The installation of lath! plaster and gypsu# wall board shall confor# to the fire8 resisti"e rating re%uire#ents and the type of construction of building.

1#2

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) CHAPTER 1 ELECTRICAL AND .ECHANICAL REG6LATIONS SECTION 1 01. Electrical Re&%lation) *ll electrical syste#s! e%uip#ent and installation #entioned in this Code shall confor# to the pro"isions of the Philippine 2lectrical Code! as adopted by the Board of 2lectrical 2ngineering pursuant to 3epublic *ct No. /=4 otherwise known as the 2lectrical 2ngineering ;aw. SECTION 1 02. .ec1anical Re&%lation) *ll #echanical syste#s! e%uip#ent and installations #entioned in this Code shall confor# to the pro"isions of the Philippine 9echanical 2ngineering code! as adopted by the Board of 9echanical 2ngineering pursuant to Co##onwealth *ct No. 0@4 as a#ended! otherwise known as the 9echanical 2ngineering ;aw.

1#

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) CHAPTER 1# PHOTOGRAPHIC AND C8RA< /IL.S SECTION 1#01. Stora&e an" Han"lin& &a' torage roo#s of une(posed photographic and (8ray fil#s shall be pro"ided with auto#atic fire e(tinguishing syste#s in the following cases. &/' +hen une(posed fil#s in generally accepted safety shipping containers e(ceed the aggregate of /4.<< cubic #eters. &0' +here shel"ing used for storage of indi"idual packages not in said shipping containers e(ceeds /.4< cubic #eters in capacity$ and &1' torage is not in generally accepted safety shipping containers in any section not e(ceeding /4.<< cubic #eters. &b' -il# negati"es in storage or in process of handling shall be kept in hea"y 9anila en"elopes! not e(ceeding /0 fil#s to an en"elope. 2(panding en"elopes shall not be used. &c' -il# negati"es shall be kept in properly insulated "ented cabinets! "ented storage "aults or outside storage houses. Not #ore than //< kilogra#s shall be stored in any single cabinet. +here the fil# stored e(ceeds 4B< kilogra#s! it shall be in "ented storage "aults or in a detached structure or roof "ault. Door openings in "aults shall be of four8hour fire8resisti"e construction and shall be kept closed e(cept when in use. &d' 5nly incandescent electric light shall be per#itted$ protected with substantial wire guards or "apor proof globes or both. Portable lights on e(tension cords are prohibited. Conspicuous N5 95HIN6 signs shall be posted. &e' No fil#s shall be stored within ?<< #illi#eters of stea# pipes! chi#neys! or other sources of heat. &f' There shall be first aid pro"isions of types using water or water solutions. Discarded fil#s shall be stored and handled in the sa#e #anner as other fil#s until re#o"ed fro# the pre#ises. SECTION 1#02. Cla))e) of /il( E5e(!te" &a' The pro"isions of this ection do not apply to the following. fil# for a#ateur photographic use in original packages of roll and fil# pack fil#s in %uantities of less than /.4< cubic #eters$ safety fil#$ dental J8ray fil#$ establish#ents #anufacturing photographic fil#s and their storage incidental thereto and fil#s stored or being used in standard #otion picture booths. &b' afety photographic J8ray fil# #ay be identified by the #arking on the edge of the fil#. SECTION 1#0 . /ire E5tin&%i)1in& Sy)te( Cnless otherwise pro"ided in this Code! all fire e(tinguishing syste#s when so re%uired shall be of a type! specifications! and #ethods of installation as prescribed in accordance with the re%uire#ents of the ecretary.

1##

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) CHAPTER 1* PRE8/A$RICATED CONSTR6CTION SECTION 1*01. Prefa0ricate" A))e(0ly &a' Prefabricated asse#bly is a structural unit! the integral parts of which ha"e been built up or asse#bled prior to incorporation in the building. &b' The ecretary shall prescribe special tests to deter#ine the structural ade%uacy! durability! soundness! weather and fire resistance of prefabricated asse#blies. &c' 2"ery de"ice or syste# to connect prefabricated asse#blies shall be capable of de"eloping the strength of the different #e#bers as an integral structure. Except, in the case of #e#bers for#ing part of a structural fra#e as specified in this Code. *nchorages and connections between #e#bers and the supporting ele#ents of the structure or walls shall be capable of withstanding all probable e(ternal and internal forces or other conditions for a structurally ade%uate construction. In structural design! proper allowances shall be #ade for any #aterial to be displaced or re#o"ed for the installation of pipes! conduits! or other e%uip#ent. &d' Place#ent of prefabricated asse#blies shall be inspected to deter#ine co#pliance with this Code.

1#*

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) CHAPTER 1+ PLASTICS SECTION 1+01. A!!ro7e" Pla)tic) *ppro"ed plastic #aterials shall be those which ha"e a fla#e8spread rating of 00B or less and a s#oke density not greater than that obtained fro# the burning of untreated wood under si#ilar conditions when tested in accordance with generally accepted engineering practices. The products of co#bustion shall be no #ore to(ic than the burning of untreated wood under si#ilar conditions. SECTION 1+02. In)tallation &a' ,t$uctu$al Re5ui$e%ent D *ll plastic #aterials shall be of ade%uate strength and durability to withstand the prescribed design loads. ufficient and substantial technical data shall be sub#itted to establish stresses! #a(i#u# unsupported spans! and such other infor#ation as #ay be dee#ed necessary for the "arious thicknesses and for#s used. &b' 6a tening ( -astenings shall be ade%uate to withstand design loads and internal and e(ternal stresses re%uired of the asse#bly. Proper allowances of plastic #aterials in con:unction with other #aterials with which it is asse#bled or integrated shall be pro"ided. SECTION 1+0 . Gla>in& of O!enin&) &a' Doors! sashes and fra#ed openings in e(terior walls of all buildings e(cept Types IE and E Constructions #ay be gla,ed or e%uipped with appro"ed plastics. P$o'ided, that. &/' The wall in which such gla,ing is installed is so located that openings are not re%uired to be fire8protected. &0' 2(cept for Type I Construction! the location! si,e! and spacing of such gla,ed openings do not e(ceed the "alues set forth by the ecretary. &1' Plastics used in gla,ed openings for Type II Construction shall be #aterials appropriate for use according to fla#e8spread characteristics and the location! si,e! and spacing of the openings do not e(ceed the "alues set forth by the ecretary. SECTION 1+0#. S;yli&1t) &a' 3ene$al D *ppro"ed plastics #ay be used in skylights installed on roofs of Types I! II or III constructions and all buildings in these categories shall be e%uipped with an appro"ed auto#atic fire8e(tinguishing syste# in 6roups *! B! C! 2! -! G! 781 and 784 5ccupancies. Except, that. &/' *ppro"ed plastics #ay be used in any type of construction or occupancy as a fire "enting syste# when appro"ed by the Building 5fficial. &0' Plastics #ay be used in appro"ed skylights in Type II one8hour fire8 resisti"e construction which are located 1<< #illi#eters or #ore abo"e the lower flange of the ceiling. The walls of the skylight well shall be no less fire8resisti"e than the ad:acent ceiling. &1' +here a fire8resisti"e ceiling is not re%uired in one8storey buildings! appro"ed plastics #ay be used in skylights. &b' 1#+ &n tallation Re5ui$e%ent

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) &/' 2(cept in 6roup * 5ccupancies! no skylight shall be installed within 1.<< #eters of a property line. &0' The edges of do#e8type skylights shall be properly flashed. &1' Plastic skylights shall be separated fro# each other by at least 0.B< #eters laterally and 1.<< #eters along the slope of the roof. &c' #llo!a0le a$ea D The area of indi"idual plastic skylights shall not e(ceed /<.<< s%uare #eters. The total aggregate area of plastics used in skylights! #onitors! and sawtooth gla,ing shall not e(ceed twenty percent of the floor area of the roo# or occupancy sheltered. &d' Cu$0 Re5ui$e%ent D Plastic skylights in roofs ha"ing a slope of less than / in 1 shall ha"e a /<< #illi#eters high curb. The curb #ay be o#itted where a wire screen not s#aller than No. /0 C. . gauge with a #esh not larger than 0B8#illi#eters is pro"ided i##ediately below the skylight. The screen shall be substantially #ounted below the skylight. SECTION 1+0*. Li&1t8Tran)(ittin& Panel) in .onitor) an" Sa2toot1 Roof) &a' 3ene$al D +here a fire8resisti"e rating is not re%uired for the roof structure! and in all buildings pro"ided with an appro"ed auto#atic fire8e(tinguishing syste#! appro"ed plastics #ay be used with or without sash as the light8trans#itting #ediu# in #onitors and sawtooth$ Except! that plastics used in #onitors or sawtooth roofs of Type II Construction shall be of #aterials appropriate to be used according to fla#e8spread characteristics. &b' #llo!a0le #$ea D The area of indi"idual plastic gla,ing used in #onitors and sawtooth gla,ing shall not e(ceed /B.<< s%uare #eters. The total aggregate area of plastics used in skylights! #onitors! and sawtooth gla,ing shall not e(ceed twenty percent of the floor area of the roo# or occupancy sheltered. &c' #$ea ,epa$ation D The area of such plastic panels shall be separated fro# each other by a section of inco#bustible #aterial or by a section of the roofing #aterial of the structure not less than /.B< #eters in length. The lower edge of the plastic #aterial shall be at least /B< #illi#eters abo"e the surface of the ad:oining roof surface. SECTION 1+0+. Pla)tic Li&1t Diff%)er) in Ceilin&) &a' 3ene$al ( Ceiling light diffusers ha"ing an area greater than ten percent of any /<.<< s%uare #eters of roo# area shall be of appro"ed plastics confor#ing to the re%uire#ents specified in this Code. &b' &n tallation D Plastic light diffusers shall be installed in such a #anner that they will not readily beco#e detached when sub:ected to roo# te#perature of =<C for /B #inutes! Except, for plastic light diffusers which are installed in the first floor area of 6roup C 5ccupancies ha"ing egress directly to the e(terior of the building$ and plastic light diffusers which are located between an appro"ed auto#atic -ire8e(tinguishing syste# and the area to be protected other than public corridors for 6roup *! B! C! D! 2! 6! 7! and I 5ccupancies if tests re%uired by the ecretary ha"e established that such installation will not interfere with the efficient operation of such auto#atic fire8e(tinguishing syste#s. SECTION 1+0-. Partition) +here partitions are not re%uired to be of fire8resisti"e or inco#bustible construction! appro"ed plastics confor#ing to the re%uire#ents specified in this Code #ay be used.

1#-

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) SECTION 1+03. E5terior Veneer &a' 3ene$al 2(terior "eneer #ay be of appro"ed plastic #aterials! and shall confor# to the pro"isions of this ection. &b' "eight Plastic "eneer shall not be attached to any e(terior wall abo"e the first storey. P$o'ided, that plastic "eneer #ay be attached to e(terior walls abo"e the first storey of buildings located outside of highly restricti"e -ire Fones. P$o'ided, further that the height of "eneer is not in e(cess of /<.<< #eters abo"e the ad:acent grade of ele"ation. &c' #$ea ections of plastic "eneer shall not e(ceed /B.<< s%uare #eters in area! Except, that in less restricti"e -ire Fones! the area #ay be increased by fifty percent. &d' ,epa$ation ections of plastic "eneer shall be separated by a #ini#u# of /.0< #eters "ertically and ?<< #illi#eters hori,ontally. SECTION 1+0,. A2nin&) an" Cano!ie) &a' Plastic #aterials appropriate for use according to -la#e pread characteristics #ay be utili,ed in awnings and canopies! pro"ided such awnings and canopies are constructed in accordance with pro"isions go"erning pro:ections and appendages as specified in this Code. &b' *ppro"ed plastics #ay be used in awnings where untreated can"ass is per#itted. &c' *ppro"ed plastics #ay be used in lieu of plain glass in green8houses in less restricti"e -ire Fones.

1#3

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) CHAPTER 1SHEET .ETAL PAINT SPRA< $OOTHS SECTION 1-01. S1eet .etal Paint S!ray $oot1) &a' 3ene$al Paint spray booths shall be constructed of steel of not less than No. /= C. . gauge in thickness and shall be designed in accordance with this Code. &b' #$ea The area of a paint spray booth shall not e(ceed /B< s%uare #eters nor ten percent of the basic area per#itted for the #a:or use of the building according to its 5ccupancy 6roup. &c' 6loo$ Con t$uction The floor shall be constructed of inco#bustible #aterial. &d' &nte$io$ ,u$7ace Paint spray booths shall be designed to per#it the free passage of e(haust air fro# all parts of the interior and all interior surfaces shall be s#ooth and continuous without outstanding edges. SECTION 1-02. /ire Protection 2"ery spray booth ha"ing an open front ele"ation larger than /.<< s%uare #eter and which is not e%uipped with doors ! shall ha"e a fire curtain or #etal deflector not less than /<< #illi#eters deep installed at the upper outer edge of the booth opening. SECTION 1-0 . Li&1t Paint spray booths shall be illu#inated through ha##ered wire or heat8treated glass panels. The glass panels shall be located in such a #anner as to reduce the ha,ard of ignition caused by paint spray deposit. SECTION 1-0#. Ventilation &a' 3ene$al 9echanical "entilation shall be pro"ided direct to the e(terior of the building. The #echanical e(haust syste# shall be designed to #o"e the air through any portion of the paint spray area at the rate of not less than 1<.<< lineal #eters per #inute. The blades of e(haust fans shall be constructed of non8ferrous #aterial and shall be #ounted in such a #anner as to pre"ent contact with the e(haust duct. The #otor shall not be #ounted in the spray booth or the duct syste# and belts shall be enclosed where they enter the booth or duct syste#. &b' Exhau t Duct 2(haust ducts shall be constructed of steel ha"ing a thickness not less than the "alues set by the ecretary. The discharge point for ducts in a paint spray booth shall be not less than 0.<< #eters fro# ad:oining co#bustible construction nor less than =.<< #eters fro# ad:oining e(terior wall openings. 2(cept! that the discharge point for e(haust ducts is not regulated in a waterwash spray booth.

1#,

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) CHAPTER 13 GLASS AND GLA=ING SECTION 1301. General Re'%ire(ent) &a' This Chapter shall apply to e(terior glass and gla,ing in all 5ccupancies e(cept 6roups *! B! and G 5ccupancies not o"er three storeys in height! and to interior and e(terior glass and gla,ing in all occupancies sub:ect to hu#an i#pact as specified in this Code. &b' tandards for #aterials shall confor# to the pro"isions set by the ecretary on glass di#ensional tolerances! breaking stress le"els! and design safety factors. &c' 2ach light shall bear the #anufacturer>s label designating the type and thickness of glass. 2ach light with special perfor#ance characteristics such as la#inated! heat strengthened! fully te#pered or insulated! shall bear the #anufacturer>s identification showing the special characteristics and thickness by etching or other per#anent identification that shall be "isible after the glass is gla,ed. SECTION 1302. Area Li(itation 2(terior glass and gla,ing shall be capable of safely withstanding the load due to wind pressures for "arious height ,ones abo"e ground acting inward or outward. The area of indi"idual lights shall not be #ore than the #a(i#u# allowable area of glass according to the wind load #ultiplied by the appropriate ad:ust#ent factor. SECTION 130 . Gla>in& 6lass fir#ly supported on all four edges shall be gla,ed with #ini#u# laps and edge clearances in accordance with ection /=</ paragraph &b'! P$o'ided, that glass edge clearance in fi(ed openings shall be not less than what is re%uired for wind and earth%uake drift. -or glass not fir#ly supported on all four edges and design shall be sub#itted for appro"al of the Building 5fficial. 6lass supports shall be considered fir# when deflection of the support at design load does not e(ceed /)/AB of the span. SECTION 130#. Lo%7ere" :in"o2) 3egular plate! sheet! or patterned glass in :alousies and lou"ered windows shall not be thinner than B.? #illi#eters #ini#al and not longer than /.0< #eters. 2(posed glass edges shall be s#ooth. SECTION 130*. I(!act -ra#eless glass doors! glass in doors! fi(ed glass panels! and si#ilar gla,ed openings which #ay be sub:ect to accidental hu#an i#pact shall confor# with the re%uire#ents set forth by the ecretary on i#pact loads of glass. Except in the following cases. &/' Bathtub and shower enclosures shall be constructed fro# appro"ed shatter8 resistant #aterials! such as. wire8reinforced glass not less than B.? #illi#eters thick$ fully te#pered glass not less than 4.= #illi#eters thick$ or la#inated safety glass not less than ?.4 #illi#eters thick. &0' 6lass lights located not less than 4B< #illi#eters abo"e the ad:acent finished floor or walking surface. &1' 6lass lights when the least di#ension is not greater than 4B< #illi#eters. &4' 6lass lights /.B< s%uare #eters or less in area. 1*0

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) CHAPTER 1, THE 6SE O/ CO.P6TERS SECTION 1,01. General R%le The use of co#puters for all or any part of the design of buildings under this Code is per#itted pro"ided that all progra#s to be used are docu#ented. SECTION 1,02. Pro&ra( Doc%(entation Docu#enting a progra# under this Code consists of filing with the Building 5fficial a reference to a publication or publications accessible to hi# where the detailed description of the progra# or a brief state#ent of the theoretical background of the progra# including a description of the algorith#s used are found. SECTION 1,0 . S%0(i))ion of Co(!%ter8Generate" Co(!%tation) * copy of the output sheets for co#puter8generated co#putations shall be sub#itted as a part of the design co#putations. The out sheets shall be acco#panied by a certification of a designer and)or consultant that the output sheets are the results obtained through the use of docu#ented progra#s. The certification should include the identification of the specific progra# used for each portion of the co#puter8generated co#putations being sub#itted.

1*1

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) CHAPTER 20 SIGNS SECTION 2001. General Re'%ire(ent) &a' No sign or signboard shall be erected in such a #anner as to confuse or obstruct the "iew or interpretation of any official traffic sign! signal! or de"ice. &b' No sign or signboard shall be constructed as to unduly obstruct the natural "iew of the landscape! distract or obstruct the "iew of the public as to constitute a traffic ha,ard! or otherwise defile! debase or offend aesthetic and cultural "alues and traditions. SECTION 2002. .aintenance *ll signs! together with all of their supports! braces! guys! and anchors! shall be kept in repair and in proper state of preser"ation. The display of all signs shall be kept neatly painted and secured at all ti#es. SECTION 200 . De)i&n an" Con)tr%ction ign structures shall be designed and constructed to resist all forces in accordance with the National tructural Code for Buildings. -or signs on buildings! the dead lateral loads shall be trans#itted through the structural fra#e of the building to the ground in such a #anner as not to o"erstress any of the ele#ents of the building. The weight of earth superi#posed o"er footings #ay be used in deter#ining the dead load resisting #o#ent. uch earth shall be carefully placed and thoroughly co#pacted. SECTION 200#. S%!!ort) an" Anc1ora&e) &a' 3ene$al. The supports and anchorages of all signs or sign structures shall be placed in or upon pri"ate property and shall be constructed confor#ity with the re%uire#ents of this Code. &b' +ate$ial . 9aterials for construction of signs or sign structures shall be of the %uality and grade as specified in this Code. &c' Re t$iction on Co%0u ti0le +ate$ial D *ll signs or sign structures erected in highly restricti"e -ire Fones shall ha"e structural #e#bers of inco#bustible #aterials. 6round signs #ay be constructed of any #aterial #eeting the re%uire#ents of this Code. Co#bination signs! roof signs! wall signs! pro:ecting signs! and signs on #ar%uees shall be constructed of inco#bustible #aterials. No co#bustible #aterial other than appro"ed plastics shall be used in the construction of electric signs. &d' Non= t$uctu$al T$i% ( Non8structural tri# and portable display surfaces #ay be of wood! #etal! appro"ed plastics! or any co#bination thereof. &e' Di pla1 ,u$7ace ( Display surfaces in all types of signs #ay be #ade of #etal! glass! or appro"ed plastics. SECTION 200*. Pro@ection) an" Clearance) &a' Clea$ance 7$o% "igh 9oltage Po!e$ 4ine D Clearances of signs fro# high "oltage power lines shall be in accordance with the Philippine 2lectrical Code. &b' Clea$ance 7$o% 6i$e E cape , Exit , o$ ,tandpipe D No signs or sign structures shall be erected in such a #anner than any portion of its surface or supports will interfere in any way with the free use of any fire escape! e(it! or standpipe. &c' 20 t$uction o7 2pening . No sign shall obstruct any opening to such an e(tent that light or "entilation is reduced to a point below that re%uired by this Code. igns 1*2

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) erected within /.B< #eters of an e(terior wall in which there are openings within the area of the sign shall be constructed of inco#bustible #aterial or appro"ed plastics. &d' P$o:ection o'e$ #lle1 . No sign or sign structure shall pro:ect into any public alley below a height of 1.<< #eters abo"e established sidewalk grade! nor pro:ect #ore than 1<< #illi#eters where the sign structure is located 1.<< #eters to 4.B #eters abo"e established sidewalk grade. The sign or sign structure #ust not pro:ect #ore than /.<< #eter into the public alley where the sign or sign structure is located #ore than 4.B< #eters abo"e established sidewalk grade. SECTION 200+. Li&1tin& igns shall be illu#inated only by electrical #eans in accordance with the Philippine 2lectrical Code.

1*

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) CHAPTER 21 TRANSITOR< AND /INAL PROVISIONS SECTION 2101. E5i)tin& $%il"in& an" Str%ct%re) *ll buildings or structures constructed under 3.*. ?B4/ or e(isting city or #unicipal building codes or ordinances! if legally done in accordance therewith! shall be respected sub:ect to such li#itations established in this Code. 7owe"er! alterations! additions! con"ersions and)or repairs to be #ade in such buildings or structures shall be sub:ect to the pro"isions of this Code. SECTION 2102. Interi( R%le) an" Re&%lation) Interi# rules and regulations on buildings pro#ulgated by the ecretary before the adoption of this Code pursuant to e(isting laws or decrees shall continue to ha"e binding force and effect! when not in conflict with the pro"isions of this Code. SECTION 210 . Se!ara0ility Cla%)e If any pro"ision of this Decree or the application thereof is to any person or circu#stance declared unconstitutional or in"alid for any reason! the sa#e shall not affect the "alidity of the other pro"isions. SECTION 210#. Re!ealin& Cla%)e *ll laws! decrees! pro"isions of charters! e(ecuti"e orders! ordinances! rules and regulations or parts thereof contrary to or inconsistent with the pro"isions of this Decree are hereby repealed! a#ended! or #odified accordingly. SECTION 210*. Effecti7ity This Decree shall take effect upon its pro#ulgation. Done in the City of 9anila! this /@ th day of -ebruary! in the year of our ;ord! nineteen hundred and se"enty se"en. & 6D.' /ERDINAND E. .ARCOS President 3epublic of the Philippines By the President. & 6D.' SGD. ?6AN C. T6VERA Presidential *ssistant

C23TI-I2D C5PI. & 6D.' .EL46IADES T. DELA CR6=9 CESO II Presidential taff Director 9alacaKang 3ecords ection 1*#