Index

Objectives Reading

Objectives

I've got tickets to Ireland! Practice 1 Practice 2

Grammar

Modal Verbs of Advice Urgency of Modals of Advice Practice 3 Negative Forms of Modal Verbs of Advice Practice 4

Pronunciation A.Review of final -s sounds: [z] and [s]

Practice 6 Practice 7 Review of final -s sounds [s], [z] and [iz] Practice 8 Practice 9 The sound [ ^ ] Practice 10 The sound [ ] Practice 11 The sound [ I ] Practice 12

I've got tickets to Ireland!

MARY: John, why don't we go somewhere exotic for a vacation this year? JOHN: Yeah, how about Miami Beach? MARY: Very funny! No, I mean let's go to Ireland. JOHN: Ireland? By plane? MARY: No, by canoe, dummy. JOHN: But that's very expensive. We ought to think about expenses. We should plan how much we are going to spend, we ought to... MARY: Surprise! Surprise! JOHN: What's that? MARY: Two round- trip tickets to Dublin. I won them in a raffle at the American Women's Club! JOHN: Fantastic. When should we go, then?

MARY: The tickets are for the last week in July and the first in August. JOHN: Well, we should take umbrellas and raincoats. It's always raining there. MARY: Pessimist. The tickets also include a free rental car and B and B. JOHN: What's B and B? MARY: Bed and Breakfast, dummy! JOHN: And PAY FOR our own lunches? You ought to return those tickets! MARY: Get out of here, cheapskate! Well, what do you think? JOHN: Well, what should I do to show you how wonderful you are? MARY: Well, let's start with a big kiss, you silly boy!

MARY : John , por qu no vamos a algn lugar extico para pasar unas vacaciones este ao? JOHN: S, qu hay de Miami Beach? MARY : Muy gracioso! No, quiero decir que vamos a ir a Irlanda. JOHN: Irlanda? En avin ? MARY : No, en canoa , tonto. JOHN : Pero eso es muy caro. Tenemos que pensar en los gastos. Debemos planificar cunto vamos a gastar, debemos ... MARY : Sorpresa! Sorpresa! JOHN: Qu es eso ? MARY : Dos pasajes ida y vuelta a Dubln . Yo les gan en un sorteo en el Club de Mujeres de Amrica ! JOHN : Fantastic . Cundo debemos ir, entonces ? MARY : Las entradas son para la ltima semana de julio y la primera de agosto. JOHN : Bueno , hay que tener los paraguas e impermeables . Siempre est lloviendo all. MARY : pesimista . Los boletos tambin estn provistas de un coche y B y B. alquiler gratuito JOHN: Qu hay B and B? MARY : Bed and Breakfast , tonto ! JOHN : Y pagar por nuestros propios almuerzos ? Usted debe devolver las entradas ! MARY : Fuera de aqu , tacao ! Bueno, qu te parece ? JOHN: Bueno, qu debo hacer para mostrar lo maravilloso que eres ? MARY : Bueno, vamos a empezar con un gran beso , que chico tonto !

Modal Verbs of Advice

Modals of advice are used to give recommendations or make suggestions. Modals of advice include: should, ought to and had better. As with other modal verbs, modal of advice are always followed by a main verb in simple form. Look at the following example:

a. We b. We

should
modal verb

plan
simple form

our trip to Ireland about expenses!

ought to
modal verb

think
simple form

c. You' d better
modal verb

hurry! The plane leaves in 5 minutes!

simple form

Note: had better and ought to are two-word verbs. These two words always go together. Both words make up the modal verb itself. The modal had better can be used in contracted form as follows:

You had better put your passport away before you lose it!
or

You'd better put your passport away before you lose it!

If you take a look to the sentences above (a, b and c) you will see that the sentences with should and ought to are mild recommendations while the sentence with had better sounds like a warning of a bad consequence: You'd better slow down! That car up ahead must only be going 15 miles an hour! What this sentence implies is that if you don't slow down you will hit the car ahead of you. There is a sense of urgency in that request that makes it sound more like a warning than a simple recommendation.

Select the right modal verb of advice to provide a solution for the following problems. Pay special attention to the context and the urgency on each situation.

Problem 1: My sister hasn't taken a vacation in five years. She is exhausted! take a break and go somewhere exotic for a couple of Solution: She weeks Problem 2: Thomas' luggage has a torn zipper. buy new luggage. Solution: Thomas Problem 3: Our car is very dirty. wash our car. Solution: We Problem 4: A police officer is behind me flashing his lights. pull over quickly. Solution: You Problem 5: A little boy ran out into the street without looking both ways. learn not to run into the street like that! Solution: That little boy Problem 6: I'm leaving for New York tomorrow but the airport was closed due to bad wheather. I don't know what to do... reschedule and get a flight for another day. Solution: Maybe you

Negative Forms of Modal Verbs of Advice

This is how you make negative sentences with should and had better: Should : shouldn't + simple form

Ie. You shouldn't take so many days off for your vacation. Had better: had better + not + simple form

Ie. You had better not take so many days off for your vacation Or with the contracted form: 'd better: 'd better + not + simple form

Ie. You'd better not take so many days off for your vacation Note: ought to is not usually used in negative form.

A.Review of final -s sounds: [z] and [s]

As mentioned in English 1 Unit 12, the vast majority of final 's sounds follow voiced phonemes and are pronounced [z] like the s in Spanish musgo, isla, mismo etc. The exceptions are the voiced fricatives [ ['bridgiz], ['maesa with [z]. ] and [ ] which need the [iz] endings:

iz] 'bridges' , 'massages' all other final voiced -s sounds will be pronounced

Practice 6
Indicate the number of final 's sounds you hear with the [z] ending.

Review of final -s sounds [s], [z] and [iz]

As we saw in English 1 the final -s is placed at the end of words in THREE principal occasions:

1) to pluralize substantives (nouns): i.e. one dog , two dogs

rd 2) to indicate 3 person singular verbs in the PRESENT TENSE:

i.e she/he/it likes 3) to indicate possession: i.e.Bill's wife ( always preceded by ' )

The sound [ I ]
3. The sound [ I ]'sit'. This sound does not exist in letters of the English Alphabet pig pink kiss witch [pIg ] [pInk ] [ k Is ] [wIt ] swim six (6) chips gym [s w I m ] [s I k s] [t [
Ip I m]

s]