You are on page 1of 12

2/4/2013

1
Flexuralanalysisanddesignof
beams
Momentexistsineverybeam.Therefore,beams
shouldbedesignedtowithstandmoment
Whatisabeam?
2/4/2013
2
Whatdowealreadyknowabout
theanalysisofreinforcedconcrete
beamsbasedonourknowledgeof
mechanicsofmaterials?
Mechanicsofmaterialandbeamanalysis
Example: Whatisthemaximumstressin
concreteandsteelintheshownslab?
(Diam. of steel rods)=5/8 in (placed 1.5 in above lower surface)
s
d
6 6
3.6 10 ; 29 10 ; 40kip in each 1 ft of slab
c s
E E M = = =
Solution:
1. Selectacrosssectionwithtworebars (width=1ft)
2. Assumethatconcretedoesnotresisttension
3. TransformthesteelareaA
s
intoconcreteareanA
s
4. FindthelocationofN.A.:
5. Calculate
momentofinertia:
6. Calculatemaximumstress:
(modular ratio) / 8.06
s c
n E E = =
2 2
2 0.614 ;
4
s s
A d in
t (
= =
(

1.45
xA
x x in
A
= =

2
1
2
3
4 . 44
12
in d A
h b
I
n
i
i i
i i
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =

=
1
1310 psi = =
c
Mc
f
I
2
18520 psi = =
s
Mc
f n
I
1
2
3
1.45
4 2.55
5.5 4.05
= =
= =
= =
c x
c x
c x
3
3680 psi = =
ct
Mc
f
I
2/4/2013
3
Twomajortasksofcivilengineers
Analysis ofstructuralelements
Structuraldesign
Analysis
Design
Plainand
reinforced
concretebeams
resisting
moment
2/4/2013
4
Axialcompression
Itiseconomicaltomakeconcretecarrymost/all
oftheload
Usingsteeltocarryapartofcompressionthe
crosssectionaldimensionscanbereduced
=
Sameflexuralstrength
Singly
reinforced
beam
Doubly
reinforced
beam
Axialcompressionofconcrete
4000 psi
c
f ' =
0.85
c
f '
(Fromcylindertest)
Instructuresloadingratesare
muchslowerthanincylindertest
Uptoconcrete
isnearly elastic
0.5 ' f
c
2/4/2013
5
Axialtension
Steelyieldstressandstrain
Assumption:
Stressisconstant
afteryield
o
c
y
f
y
c
(a) (b)
29,000,000 psi
y
y
s
s
f
E
E
c =
=
ACICodespecifiesthattheyieldstressf
y
be
thestresscorrespondingtoastrainof0.0035
Beforelearninghowtoanalyzebeams,
letusfindouthowareinforced
concretebeambehaveunder
increasingbendingload
2/4/2013
6
How does a beam
behave under
increasing bending
load?
Instep(e):
Instep(f):
0.5
c c
f f ' s
0.85
c c
f f ' s
How does a properly designed beam
behave under increasing bending load?
steel y
c c =
2/4/2013
7
Designassumptions
1. Internalloads atasectionarein
equilibriumwiththeeffectsof
externalloads
2. Perfectbond: thestrainina
reinforcedbaristhesameasthat
ofthatofsurroundingconcrete
3. Crosssectionsthatwereplane
beforeloadingremainplaneunder
load.
4. Concretecannotresistanytension
stress
Surfacedeformationsto
enhancebondwithconcrete
Threecasesofstressanalysisin
rectangularbeams
Case1: Concreteintensionhasnotcracked
Case2: Concreteintensionhascrackedbutconcrete
incompressionisinlinearelasticzone
Case3: Concreteintensionhascrackedandconcrete
incompressionisnolongerinlinearelasticzone
2/4/2013
8
Case1:Concreteintensionhasnotcracked
Whatkindofproblemdowesolverelatedto
case1?
Howdowesolvetheproblem?
Exampleforcase1:
b=10in A
s
=2.37in
2
h=25in f
c
=4000psi
d=23in f
y
=60000psi
Concretetensilestrength=475psi
Determinestressesinconcreteandsteel
Solution:
1. Assumethatconcreteintensionisnotcracked
2. Basedontransformedsectionfindneutralaxis
3. Calculatevaluesofstress
Transformed
beamsection
y
in . in , 8 /
4
2 13 740 14 = = = = y I E E n
c s
f
c
=
My
I
psi
) (
475 432< =

=
I
y h M
f
ct
2/4/2013
9
Case2: Concreteintensionhascrackedbut
concreteincompressionisinlinearelasticzone
Whatkindofproblemdowesolverelatedto
case2?
Howdowesolvetheproblem?
Exampleforcase2
Example: Whatisthemaximumstressin
concreteandsteelintheshownslab?
(Diam. of steel rods)=5/8 in (placed 1.5 in above lower surface)
s
d
6 6
3.6 10 ; 29 10 ; 40kip in each 1 ft of slab
c s
E E M = = =
Solution:
1. Selectacrosssectionwithtworebars (width=1ft)
2. Assumethatconcretedoesnotresisttension
3. TransformthesteelareaA
s
intoconcreteareanA
s
4. FindthelocationofN.A.:
5. Calculate
momentofinertia:
6. Calculatemaximumstress:
(modular ratio) / 8.06
s c
n E E = =
2 2
2 0.614 ;
4
s s
A d in
t (
= =
(

1.45
xA
x x in
A
= =

2
1
2
3
4 . 44
12
in d A
h b
I
n
i
i i
i i
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =

=
2
18520 psi = =
s
Mc
f n
I
1
2
3
1.45
4 2.55
5.5 4.05
= =
= =
= =
c x
c x
c x
3
3680 psi = =
ct
Mc
f
I
1
1310 psi = =
c
Mc
f
I
2/4/2013
10
Case3: Concreteintensioniscracked.Concrete
incompressionisnolongerinlinearelasticzone
Forwhatkindofproblemdoweneedcase3themost?
Whatisthe
shapeofthis
curve?
Parabolic?
Trapezoidal?
Stressisnonlinear Strainislinear
Howtodealwithcase3?
Replacingstresswithforce
bc f
av
c av
f f ' =o
2/4/2013
11
Howdowefindouttheflexural
strengthandflexuralbehavior ofa
rectangularbeam?
byusingsimplestaticandgeometry
bc f
av
c av
f f ' =o
c d c
Tz Cz M M
T C F
s u
n

=
= = =
= =

c c
0
0
Threeequations.
Howmanyunknowns?
?
?
2/4/2013
12
Variationof and withconcrete
strengthf
c

You might also like