UNiSEL (KMD 2223)

(Hydraulic Valves & Other Control Components)

Fluid Power Application

Hydraulics & Pneumatics KMD 3133

By,

Mohd Darnalis A.Rahman

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Learning Objectives
Upon completing this chapter, students should be able to:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Describe the purpose, construction & operation of various directional control valves. Differentiate between 22-way, 33-way, & 44-way directional control valves. Identify the graphical symbols used for directional, pressure, and flow control valves. Explain how valves are actuated using manual, mechanical, fluid pilot, & electric solenoid methods. Describe the purpose, construction, & operation of various pressure control valves. Differentiate between a pressure relief valve, a pressurepressure-reducing valve, a sequence valve & an unloading valve. Describe the purpose , construction, and operation of various control valves. Differentiate between a noncompensated & a compensated flow control valve.

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Introduction

Is one of the most important considerations in any fluid power system. Entire system will not function as required if the control components are not properly selected. Control valves the primary control devices in fluid power. Selection type, size, actuating technique, remote control capability.
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Introduction

3 basic types of control valves,

1. 2. 3.

Directional control valves Pressure control valves Flow control valves

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Types of valves

Directional control valves

Determine the path through which a liquid traverses a given circuit. E.g. check valves, shuttle valves, 22-way, 33-way & 44-way directional valve. Protect the system against overpressure. E.g. pressure relief, pressure reducing, sequence, unloading & counterbalance valves. Controlling flow rates which control the actuator speeds. E.g. Noncompensated flow control valves, Pressure compensated flow.
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Pressure control valves

Flow control valves

Application

Figure 8-1 Welding machine application using hydraulic control valves Figure 8-2 Hydraulic circuit showing control valves used for welding application
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Directional Control Valve

Check Valve

Figure 8-4 Operation of check valve

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Directional Control Valve

PilotPilot-Operated Check Valve

Another type of check valve.

Figure 8-5 Pilot-operated check valve

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Directional Control Valve

ThreeThree-Way Valves

Typically made of spool design rather than poppet

Figure 8-6 Two spool positions inside a three-way valve

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Directional Control Valve

ThreeThree-Way Valves

Application Used on a singlesingle-acting cylinder.

Figure 8-7 Three-way DCV controlling flow directions to and from a single-acting cylinder.
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Directional Control Valve

FourFour-Way Valves

Figure shows a fourfour-way, twotwoposition directional control valve.

Figure 8-8 Two spool positions inside a four-way valve
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Directional Control Valve

FourFour-Way Valves

Application Used on a doubledouble-acting cylinders.

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Directional Control Valve

Shuttle Valves

Permits a system to operate from either of two fluid power sources.

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Control Valve Actuation

Manual Actuated Valves

Using hand levers & spring loaded at both ends

Figure 8-10 Manually actuated, spring centered, three-position, four-way valve.

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Control Valve Actuation

Manual Actuated Valves

Using hand levers & spring loaded at one end.

Figure 8-11 Manually actuated, twoposition, spring offset, four-way valve.

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Control Valve Actuation

Mechanicall y Actuated Valves

Actuated mechanicall y rather than manual. Using a cam type mechanism (roller).

Figure 8-12 Mechanically actuated, spring offset, two-position, spring offset, four-way valve.

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Control Valve Actuation

PilotPilot-Actuated Valves

Shifted by using airair-pressure.

Figure 8-13 Air pilotactuated, three-position, spring-centered, fourway valve.

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Control Valve Actuation

SolenoidSolenoid-Actuated Valves

Shifted by using electric solenoid (magnetic force).

Figure 8-14 Operation of solenoid to shift spool of valve.

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Control Valve Actuation

SolenoidSolenoid-Actuated Valves

3/4 way solenoid valve.

Figure 8-15 Solenoidactuated, three-position, spring-centered, four-way directional control valve.

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Control Valve Actuation

SolenoidSolenoid-Actuated Valves

2/4 way solenoid valve.

Figure 8-16 Single solenoidactuated, four way, two position, spring-offset directional control valve.

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Control Valve Actuation

SolenoidSolenoid-Actuated, PilotPilot-Operated Valves

3/4 way solenoid valve. Pilot operation - pneumatic

Figure 8-17 Solenoidcontrolled, pilot-operated directional control valve.

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Center Flow Path Configurations

For ThreeThree-Position, FourFour-Way Valves Most threethree-position valves having a variety of possible flow path configurations. Most fourfour-way having identical flow path config. config. actuated position. But, having different springspring-centered flow path

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Center Flow Path Configurations

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Pressure Control Valve

Simple Pressure Relief Valves

Widely used pressure control valve practical. Normally closed valve function to limit the pressure to a specified max value by diverting pump flow back to the tank.

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Pressure Control Valve

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Pressure Control Valve

Compound Pressure Relief Valves

Operates in two stages. Balance of pressure from two hydraulic sources.

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Pressure Control Valve

Compound Pressure Relief Valves

Operates in two stages. Balance of pressure from two hydraulic sources.

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Pressure Control Valve

Compound Pressure Relief Valves

Remote operation capabilities Solenoid actuated

Figure 8-25 Compound pressure relief valve with integral solenoid-actuated, two-way vent valve.
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Pressure Control Valve

PressurePressureReducing Valves

Second type of pressure control valve. Normally open used to maintain reduced pressure.

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Flow Control Valves

Needle Valves

To regulate the speed of hydraulic cylinders & motors. By controlling the flow rate. Might be a fixed orifice or an adjustable needle valve. Needle valves designed to give fine control of flow in smallsmalldiameter piping.

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Flow Control Valves

Needle Valves

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Flow Control Valves

NonNon-Pressure Compensated Valves

Used where system pressures are relatively constant & motoring speeds are not too critical. Principle flow through orifice will be const. if the press drop remains const.

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Flow Control Valves

Pressure Compensated Valves

If the load on an actuator changes significantly, system pressure will change. Thus the flowflow-rate through a nonnon-compensated valve will change for the same flowflow-rate setting.

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Flow Control Valves

Pressure Compensated Valves

Figure 8-37 Pressurecompensated flow control valve

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