Academic Year 2013/2014 Sciences Po College Middle Eastern and Mediterranean Campus Autumn Semester

THE LONG 19TH CENTURY: REVOLUTION, INDUSTRIALIZATION, NATIONALISMS

Jeremy Jennings

Type of course: Lecture course Course Description: (Maximum of 10 lines) The aim of this lecture course is to provide a broad overview of the major political and intellectual developments that structured and transformed Europe in the period often referred to as the long nineteenth century (1789-1914). This is the period that begins with the intellectual transformation of the Enlightenment and the political transformation of the French Revolution of 1789. What came out of this was a period of intellectual and political ferment that saw the rise of revolutionary movements and the birth of nationalism as a major political force. This period also witnessed the massive social and economic change brought about by industrialisation. It came to a catastrophic end with the rise of colonial Empires and the outbreak of the First World War. Requirements and Grading: Mid -Term Examination - 50 % (of course mark) Final Examination - 50 % (of course mark) Syllabus: Session 1 The Enlightenment Session 2 The French Revolution and Napoleon Bonaparte Session 3 Romanticism as an Intellectual and Political Movement Session 4 The Industrialisation of Europe Session 5 Rule Britannia ! Britain in the Nineteenth Century Session 6 The Liberal State in France (1815-1848) Session 7 The Revolutions of 1848 Session 8 The French Second Empire and Third Republic (1851-1914) Session 9 Socialism and the Rise of the Workers Movement Session 10 From the Nation to the Nation State Session 11 Conservatism and the Extreme Right Session 12 Empire and Imperial Competition

Selected Bibliography: Required reading list: Below is a list of general and suggested readings. There is also a series of questions that you might consider to guide your readings. You are not required to read all of these texts. As some of you read French I have added some French titles. Some of the books listed are available in both English and French. While there is no one textbook which covers all the themes we are addressing, the following can be recommended for their coverage of many important issues : Christopher Bayly, The Birth of the Modern World (Blackwell : 2004) Robert Gildea, Barricades and Borders, Europe 1800-1914 (OUP : 1987) Eric Hobsbawn, The Age of Revolution 1789-1848 : The Age of Capital 1848-1875 : The Age of Empire 1875-1914 (Abacus : 2009) Three volumes Brendan Simms, Europe, The Struggle for Supremacy 1453 to the Present (Allen Lane: 2013), pp.106-306 Specifically on the history of France, you should consult Robert Gildea, Children of the Revolution : The French 1799-1914 (Allen Lane : 2008). On the political thought of the period see Gareth Stedman-Jones and Gregory Claeys (eds), The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Political Thought (CUP : 2011). You might also consult my Revolution and the Republic: A History of political ideas in France since the eighteenth century (OUP: 2011).
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Suggested reading list:

Lecture I : The Enlightenment Voltaire, Philosophical Dictionary (Penguin) I Kant, What is Enlightenment? (available through the internet) Daniel Roche, France in the Enlightenment (Harvard University Press: 1998) Roger Chartier, The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution (Duke UP: 1991) Robert Darnton, The Devil in the Holy Water: The Art of Slander from Louis XIV to Napoleon (University of Pennsylvania Press) Peter Gay, The Enlightenment (Wildwood House : 1973) Jonathan Israel, Democratic Enlightenment (Oxford University Press : 2011)

Jonathan Israel, The Revolution of the Mind (Princeton UP : 2010) Gertrude Himmelfarb, The Roots of Modernity : The British, French and American Enlightenments (Vintage Books : 2004) Anthony Pagden, The Enlightenment, and why it still matters (OUP: 2013)

Q.1 What was the Enlightenment ? Q.2 What, if any, is the connection between the Enlightenment and the French Revolution ?

Lecture II : The French Revolution and Bonapartism William Doyle, The Oxford History of the French Revolution (Oxford UP: 1989) Franois Furet, Interpreting the French Revolution (Cambridge UP: 1981) Franois Furet and Mona Ozouf, A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution (Harvard UP : 1989) Munro Price, The Fall of the French Monarchy (Pan: 2002) Ruth Scurr, Fatal Purity: Robespierre and the French Revolution (Vintage: 2007) Colin Jones, The Great Nation (Penguin: 2003), pp. 336-580 Robert Gildea, Children of the Revolution (Penguin: 2008), pp. 1-66 Sudhir Hazareesingh, The Legend of Napoleon (Granta Books; 2004)

Michel Biard, La Rvolution franaise : Une histoire toujours vivante (Tallandier : 2010)
Patrice Gueniffey, Histoire de la Rvolution et de lEmpire (Perrin: 2011) Q.1 Why and how did the French Republic produce the Reign of Terror ? Q.2 What were the achievements of Napoleon and what was the nature of the Bonapartist Empire ? Lecture III : Romanticism Paul Benichou, The Consecration of the Writer (University of Nebraska Press: 1999) Kenneth Clark, The Romantic Rebellion (John Murray: 1973)

Lilian R. Furst, The Contours of European Romanticism (Macmillan : 1979) H.G.Schenk, The Mind of the European Romantics (Oxford UP : 1979) Roy Porter and Mikulas Teich, Romanticism in National Context (CUP : 1988) D. G.Charlton, The French Romantics (CUP :1994)
Q.1 How would you define Romanticism ? Q.1 Is it possible to talk of a Romantic politics ? If so, what was it ? Lecture IV : Industrialisation Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (Liberty Fund: 1979) Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto E.P.Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class (Penguin: 2013) David Schmidtz and Jason Brennan, A Brief History of Liberty (Wiley-Blackwell: 2012), pp.120-168. Eric Hobsbawm, The Age of Capital (Abacus: 2011) Niall Ferguson, The Cash Nexus: Money and Power in the Modern World 1700-2000 (Penguin 2001)

Alan Allport, The British Industrial Revolution (Chelsea House : NY) Donald Winch, Riches and Poverty: An Intellectual History of Political Economy in Britain 17501834 (CUP:1996). Jean-Pierre Rioux, La Rvolution industrielle 1780-1880 (1989) Q.1 Why was Britain the first industrial nation ? Q.2 How can we explain the slow transformation of the French economy in the nineteenth century ?
Lecture V : Rule, Britannia ! Britain in the Nineteenth Century A.N. Wilson, The Victorians (Arrow Books: 2003) Tristram Hunt, Building Jerusalem: The Rise and Fall of the Victorian City (Phoenix: 2004)

Q.1 How can we explain the rise to world power of Great Britain ? Q.2 How and why did it develop a world empire ? What, if any, were the achievements of that empire ?

Lecture VI : The liberal State in France (1815-1848)

Munro Price, The Perilous Crown: France between Revolutions 1814-1848 (Macmillan: 2007) Aurelian Craiutu, Liberalism under siege: The political thought of the French Doctrinaires (Lexington Books: 2003) Philip Mansel, Louis XVI (John Murray :2005) Roger Magraw, France 1815-1914: The Bourgeois Century (Fontana: 1983), pp.21-88 Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (many editions) Franis Guizot, The History of the Origins of Representative Government in Europe (Liberty Fund : 2002) K Steven Vincent, Benjamin Constant and the Birth of French Liberalism (Palgrave Macmillan: 2011) Pierre Rosanvallon, La Monarchie impossible : Les Chartes de 1814 et de 1830 (Fayard : 1994) Gabriel de Broglie, La monarchie de juillet (Fayard: 2011) Q.1 How would you describe the political developments of France in the period 1815-1848 ? Q.2 How can we describe the character of French liberalism and why did it fail as a political force ?
Lecture VII : 1848 in Europe Mike Rapport, 1848: Year of Revolution (Abacus: 2008) Maurice Agulhon, The Republican Experiment, 1848-1852 (Cambridge UP: 1983)

Q.1 What was the nature of the revolutions that swept across Europe in 1848 ? Did they have a lasting effect ? Q.2 How can we explain the short life of the French Second Republic ?
Lecture VIII : The French Second Empire and Third Republic

Jean-Marie Mayeur & Madeleine Reberioux, The Third Republic from its Origins to the Great War, 18711914 (Cambridge UP: 1978) Robert Gildea, Children of the Revolution, pp.229-443 Roger Magraw, France 1815-1914: The Bourgeois Century (Fontana: 1983), pp.157-376 Vincent Duclert, La Rpublique imagine (Belin: 2010)

Q.1 Was the Second Empire merely a re-run of the First Empire ? Q.2 What, if any, were the achievements of the Third Republic before 1914 ?
Lecture IX : Socialism and the Workers Movement

Donald Sassoon, One Hundred Years of Socialism (I.B.Taurus: 2010) Leszek Kolakowski, Main Currents of Marxism (Oxford UP: 1978) 3 Volumes Tony Judt, Marxism and the French Left (Oxford UP : 1990) J-J Becker & G. Candar, Histoire des Gauches en France (La Dcouverte: 2004)

Jacques Julliard, Les Gauches Franaises, 1762-2012 Q.1 How can we explain the rise of socialism as a political movement ? Q.2 Marxism and Social Democracy: One Socialism or Two?
Lecture X : From the Nation to the Nation-State Eric Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism since 1870 (Cambridge UP: 1992) Adam Zemoyski, Holy Madness: Romantics, Patriots and Revolutionaries 1776-1871 (Phoenix Press: 2001)

John Breuilly, The Formation of the First German Nation-State, 1800-1871 (Macmillan :1996)
David A Bell, The Cult of the Nation in France : Inventing Nationalism 1680-1800 (Harvard UP : 2001)

T. Baycroft and M.Hewitson, What is a Nation ? Europe 1789-1914 (Oxford UP : 2006) Q.1 What are the characteristics of nationalism as an ideology ? Q.2 What were the factors that led to the rise of the nation-state in nineteenth-century Europe ?
Lecture XI : Conservatism and the Extreme Right Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France (many editions) Joseph de Maistre, Considerations on France (CUP : 1994) Anthony Quinton, The Politics of Imperfection (Faber : 1978) Noel OSulllivan, Conservatism (Dent : 1976) Ren Rmond, The Right-Wing in France (University of Pennsylvania Press: 1969).

Eugen Weber, Action Franaise: Royalism and Reaction in Twentieth-Century France (Stanford University Press: 1962) Robin Harris, The Conservatives: A History (Bantam: 2011), pp.1-231.
Ren Rmond, Les Droites en France (Aubin: 1982), chapitres I-VIII; Jean-Franois Sirinelli, Histoire des Droites en France, Vol 1 (Gallimard: 1992)

Q.1 Is conservatism best described as an idelogy of order or of reaction ? Q.2 How can we explain the continued strength of conservatism in a revolutionary age ?
Lecture XII : Imperial Competition

David Armitage, The Ideological Origins of the British Empire (CUP : 2000) Niall Ferguson, Empire: How Britain made the modern world (Penguin: 2004) Lawrence James, The Rise and Fall of the British Empire (Abacus: 2010) James Joll, The Origins of the First World War (Longman: 1992) A.J.P. Taylor, The Struggle for Mastery in Europe, 1848-1918 (Oxford UP: 1971). Duncan Bell, The Idea of Greater Britain: Empire and the Future of the World Order (Princeton: 2007) David Cannadine, Ornamentalism: How the British Saw Their Empire (Penguin: 2001) Dominic Lieven, Empire: The Russian Empire and its Rivals (John Murray: 2000) Pascal Blanchard et Franoise Vergs, La Rpublique coloniale: essai sur une utopie (Albin Michel: 2003). Jacques Frmieux, De quoi fut fait lempire? Les guerres coloniales au XIX sicle (CNRS: 2010) Q.1 Did the scamble for Africa cause the First World War? Q.2 What justifications did the French and British provide to defend their Empire?