NOUN

NOUN is a Latin word that refers to Name

TYPES OF NOUN MATERIAL NOUN

PROPER NOUN 1 PROPER

NOUN

COMMON NOUN

ABSTRACT NOUN

COLLECTIVE NOUN

COMMON
NOUN

MATERIAL
NOUN

ABSTRACT
NOUN

COLLECTIVE
NOUN

It is the name that is used to specified in various E.g. Narendra Modi, Patna, N1 It is always in singular form N2 Its 1st letter is always in block letter. N3 Almost not used article. E.g. The great poet & dramatis the shakespeare Shakespeare never had any university education. N4 Proper noun use article The for praising one. E.g. Doctor Kalam can be called the Bhabha of modern India. N5 It may take an article A/AN if it is used for mocking. E.g. Every Girls things herself A Prinkya Chopra of his area. Those name which is used to call more than one person things etc. E.g. River, Mother, Father etc. N1 Common noun always arrive one of the two forms singular or plural form. N2 When it is in singular it takes article the. N3 It almost didnt take article when it is in plural form. N4 When common noun in plural form made particular it will take article the. E.g. pupils The pupils of this college having prepared well to appear in the test. It is used to call to those tangible things that are not easily counted but it can be weighted. e.g. Sugar, Milk N1 It is always use in singular form. E.g. Selling Peanuts peanaut on the road the only means of earning. In respect of most of the people. N2 Drugs is only one material noun that is Plural and takes plural verb. E.g. drugs is are stinking. N3 It almost doesnt take any article before it. E.g. The milk is vital source of energy. N4 If material noun made particular it will take article The. E.g. The water of the Ganges plays very important Role in the life of the Hindus. It is an intangible things, it feels only with soul and mind. E.g. Love, Affection, Malice Etc. N1 It only takes singular verb, E.g. Love is blind. N2 It almost doesnt take any article before it. E.g. The bravery is the boon of the God. N3 If an Abstract noun made particular it will take article The. The bravery of John. It shows the crowd or bunch of homogeneous or heterogeneous things. E.g. Army, scenery, Police Etc.

Type of collective noun

Those type of collection which is made with miscellaneous things. E.g. Furniture, Crockery, scenery, N1 It is singular and always takes singular verb. (heterogeneous) N2 Article the arrive before it. E.g. Sceneries The scenery of Kashmir is more beautiful than any other site. Group It is type of that collection which made with similar members. collective E.g. Police, Army, Artillery, cattle noun N1 It is plural and takes plural verb. (Homogeneous) N2 It didnt suffix with s/es. N3 It didnt take The E.g. The cattles cattle are grazing in my field. Distributive That collective noun that may be distributed in various parts is called Distributive collective collective noun. noun E.g. Jury, Committee, Party, Etc. N1 When it is in union than it singular and take the E.g. The Government is united. N2 When is separated than it is plural and take plural verb, and preceding with the In the view of counting the whole noun is divided in two parts (A)-COUNTABLE NOUN (B) UNCOUNTABLE NOUN COUNTABLE NOUN It is easily counted. E.g. Boy, chair Etc. It may be occurred in both forms singular and plural. It refers to only alive creatures. UNCOUNTABLE NOUN It is not easily counted. E.g. Milk water Etc. It occupied only in singular form. E.g. Pride is dangerous. It refers to only non living things.
Generalizing collective noun

In the view of Gender whole noun is divided in four parts

A B C Masculine gender Feminine gender Common gender Those nouns that seems to male. E.g. father, King, Hero, Etc. Those nouns that seems to female. E.g. Queen, mother, girl, Etc. This doesnt shows that it is either male or female. E.g. Student, Citizen, Voter Etc. Noun that is undeveloped mentally and sexually is called Neuter gender. E.g. Child, Pen, Cat, insane, insolvent Etc.

D Neuter gender

NUMBER
1 2 Noun is almost in singular form that is made plural by various grammatical tools. Generally it made plural by adjoining s/es Table Tables Chair Chairs Pen Pens Car Cars When a word end with ch/sh/z/x , then it will be made plural by adjoining S/ES. E.g. Tax Taxes Virus viruses Topaz Topazes Torch Torches When a word end with CH and made pronunciation as k, then it will be made plural by adjoining S E.g. Stomach= Stomachs, Monarch= Monarchs When a word end with Y and Y is preceded by a vowel letter, then it will be made plural by adjoining S E.g. Day= Days, Key= Keys When a word end with Y and Y is preceded by a consonant letter, then it will be made plural by adjoining IES E.g. Baby=Babies, Lady=Ladies, Army=Armies etc. But a proper noun, a technical and a word except noun like verb, preposition, pronoun, etc. never follow any rule, it wil l be made plural only by adjoining S E.g. February=Februarys Dynamo=Dynamos Tornado=Tornados Negro=Negros Zero=Zeroes Brief= Briefs Prove=Proves Off=Offs Strike=Strikes Which words that ends with O and proceeded by a vowel letter, then it will be made plural by adjoining S. E.g. Bamboo Bamboos Portfolio Portfolios When a word that is end with O and proceeded by a consonant letter, then it will be made plural by adjoining ES. E.g. Hero Heroes Mango Mangoes Tomato Tomatoes When a words that ends with F/VE then it will be made plural by adjoining VES after eliminating F/VE Life= Lives Leaf= Leaves There are some those type of word which has been taken from another language, so its follows on rules. Man Men Ox Oxen Child Children Mouse Mice Louse Lice Goose Geese Foot Feet Tooth Teeth Mr. Masers Mrs. Mistress Those compound noun which is end with Full is use to adjoining S after full to change in plural. E.g. I am very tired so I want to a cupful cupfuls of tea. Those compound that is separated by HYPHEN (-) is used make plural only his main part, to change his whole part in plural. E.g. Class-rooms Arm-Chairs Note-books Those compound nouns that is separated by (-), with a preposition is used to make plural to the word that is arrive before preposition, to change his whole part in Plural. E.g. Father-in-law Fathers-in-law Passers-on Passers-on Those compound noun that is separated by Hyphen (-), but Man/Woman is arrived in any part of that word is used to make plural to all part of that word. E.g. Man-servant Men-servants Woman-Engineer Women-Engineers Those type of compound noun in which any one part is another than noun in that word only noun is used to make plural to make his whole part in plural E.g. High-Way High-Ways Head-Light Head-Lights New-Comer New-comers Push-Back Push-Backs Those type of Latin word that is end with US, is used to make plural by adjoining I after eliminating US Fungus Fungi Radius Radii Syllabus Syllabi Locus Loci Cactus Cacti Nucleus Nuclei Stimulus Stimuli Focus Foci Genius Genii Those type of Latin word that is end with IS, is used to make plural by adjoining ES after eliminating IS

3 4 5 6

7 8

9 10

11 12

13

14

15

16

17

18

Basis Bases Crisis Crises Diagnosis Diagnoses Hypothesis Hypotheses Thesis Theses Analysis Analyses Axis Axes Synthesis Syntheses Those type of Latin word that is end with UM, is used to make plural by adjoining A after eliminating UM Bacterium Bacteria Pendulum Pendulum Medium Media Dictum Dicta Those type of Latin word that is end with A, is used to make plural by adjoining E after eliminating A Formula Formulae Vertebra Vertebrae Those type of Latin word that is end with ON, is used to make plural by adjoining A after eliminating ON Phenomenon Phenomena Criterion Criteria Those word that shoes a couple things useless at the absence of another those type of word always come with S E.g. Shoes, Trousers Etc. It treats as plural. But when it use a Pair of then it is treated as Singular. A pair of shoes were was standing in the corner. Those organs of human body that is occupied only one in whole body is always treated as singular. E.g. Nose, Tongue, Mouth Etc. Those organs of human body that is Two in whole human body But both is necessary for being alive is plural and takes plural verb. E.g. Bowels, Intestine, Lungs Riches, Alms, Eaves are plural word that always used plural verb. E.g. Alms are is given to the beggars. Name of subject is singular and takes singular verb, but when a subject arrives as personal assets of a person then it is treated as plural. E.g. Mathematics is difficult subject Countrys name is plural and always takes plural verb, but when a country name is treated as a team then it become plural and takes plural verb. E.g. India is the best. Police are is Govt. personnel. (Here Police is referred to whole department.) My brother is a Police policeman. (Singular) Some Policeman is Policemen are honest. (Plural) Poetry is always treated as Singular. Poetries isnt plural form of Poetry E.g. Poetry is nice. But Poem is singular word & Poems is Plural word. E.g. There are no poetry poems in my book. The + Adj. = Whole class is treated as plural it doesnt suffix by S and noun never arrive after it. The poor, The poor people, The poors poor, The poor man/Men The condition of hospital in India is not hood because the seek /seeks seek are not looked after proper. Many+ Plural countable noun E.g. Somebody has broken the window by throwing many stone/stones at it. Many + a/an+ singular countable noun E.g. Many a man men attended the meeting last night held in community hall. Some singulars word Iron=Loha Irons= Hand locker Sand= Balu Sands= Deserts Number Numbers= Poem Custom=Ritual Customs=Boarder tax Land Lands=country Pain Pain= Effort Powder Powders=Dose Compass= Boarder Compass= Direction eqp. Manners=tarika Way Manners=Ways Premise= preamble Premises= union/org. Wood Woods= forest Advice Advices=information Fruit Fruits Time Times=period Water Waters=Ocean Color Colors=Flag Generally those word that ends withRY is singular for instances scenery, crockery, etc. Except Poultry, Cavalry, Infantry, Artillery, Gentry, Peasantry are plural. E.g. I was shocked that the gentry of the town has/have not been invited. Any/ one + singular verbE.g. One is missing. Any/one + singular countable noun +Singular verb. E.g. One solutions/solution is to avoid the imposes together by taking a slight different. One of + Plural countable noun + singular verb E.g. One of my good quality/qualities is that I dont take think/thinks like very seriously. Cross road is a singular word and take singular verb. E.g. The cross road is block. Sheep, Deer, Fish, Offspring, Piece, is use as singular as plural, its verb is decide that subject is plural or singular.

19 20 21

22 23

24 25

26

27

28

29

30 31 32

33

34 35 36 37 38

39

40 41 42 43 44 45

46 47

48 49

Mischief, Bread, Advise, Information are uncountable noun its makes plural after making countable. E.g. Mischief An act of mischief Information A piece of information Advise A piece of advice Bread A loaf of bread When two similar words are adjoin with a preposition then both word is in singular form and verb also arrive in singular form. E.g. Women/Woman after woman/women. When two different words are combined to each other, then verb arrive according to first word. E.g. The largest remittance & army send to India were/was from overseas. Score /Grass/Stone, + Dozen/Hundred/thousand etc, these word takes a/an before it or suffixed with S. E.g. A dozen, Dozens Half an Hour = 1 & 30 Minute. When subject of sentence is living/nonliving thing then verb is arrive as for as. E.g. Teacher is teaching. Students are studying. The pens are new. The pencil is old. When subject is measurement unit then it may be singular/ plural. E.g. Milles have to go before I sleep. The mile is a unit of distance. When a measurement unit comes with a number then unit is change as for as. And it takes singular verb. E.g. He walks five mile/miles which are/is really great distance When subject is any type of speculation then it is always in singular. E.g. 420 is a famous number. When subject is number of human then it is singular when number of human is only one, and if number of human is more than one then it becomes plural. E.g. Over a thousand tourists from all over the world come/comes to visit the National Park every day. Two elephants/elephant from his herd were missing. Number + Measurement unit (always in singular) + Measured things (sin./plural) E.g. Often parents of five year/years old child are seemed anxious. Number1 (decisive for verb) + Number2 + Measurement unit (always in singular) + Measured things (sin./plural as per Number1) E.g. A five member committee was/were. Two five hundred rupees was/were found. Feet is used to measure only length, depth & slope. E.g. The length of the brick is one feet and the length is wall is 50 feet. Foot is used to measure only height. E.g. The pole is 10 foot high. The pig is one foot height.

50

HOT TIPS OF NOUN

1 2 3 4 O clock is use to show only accurate time like 5 Oclock. That means pakka time Brother & sister is never arrived with cousin. Miser, coward, fool are those adjective that doesnt take any noun after it, but it take article. E.g. Tom called me a fool. SUIT= For Gents DRESS= For Ladies UNIFORM doesnt mean dress or any suit, but it refers to CONSISTENT. GOOD MORNING =In Light E.g. Good morning I am fine but the day is very hot. GOOD EVENING =Off Light E.g. Good evening I am fine but the night is very dark. GOOD NIGHT=it is used to leave some body. E.g. Good night see u tomorrow. Cost refers to purchasing price or money is spent after manufacturing a product. Price refers to Selling Price E.g. Price is fixed. There is no place/room for you. Witness is living thing. E.g. Her wife is the witness of murder. Evidence is non living thing E.g. The number plate is an evidence of the case. Brother E.g. Ram & Laxman are brothers. Brethren= As brother. E.g. We all are brethren. Bachelor E.g. Bajpayee is a bachelor. Maiden E.g. Mamta Banarjee is a maiden. House= It is refers to property that is used for living. I live in a rent house. Home= it refers to own house where us family are living. I am going home.

6 7 8 9 10 11

Dual Meaning words

12 Singular Work E.g. I have to do all work. Word-Promise E.g. I give you a word. Genius Wages-Punishment E.g. The wages of sings is death. Issue- Sishu E.g. Lalu has nice issue. Force Power E.g. Force is being used. Light E.g. Light is coming Plural, or singular/plural Works E.g. These all are my works. Words texts E.g. India is the best these are words. Genii/Genie Wages E.g. The wages of hard work is/are sweet. Issues-Unemployment /& corruption is a great issue/issues. Forces Army Lights- There is 3 lights in my room.

Use of Noun
1 Subject 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Object After Verb Verbs complement Object of Preposition Owner of Proposition Noun +s Noun +s+ Noun Article+ Noun Adjective + Noun No+ Noun It may be a subject of a sentence. E.g. An unexpected raise in the cost of living as well as declined in employment opportunity resulted in the rapid implementation of new program. The collection committee of India has made an arrange/arrangement. Ram eat a mango. It is truth that India is the largest consumer of Gold in the world. Yogesh know the value of obedient/ obedience It may come before preposition. E.g. There was a huge crowd/crowded in front of the actors house on his birthday. It was It was indians Indias victory. The company decision is to issue bonus share clearly indicates. Managements confident/confidence about the future. The company is prepared to lend us the developing/development of the necessary amount required for the developing of the region. In spite of being a best worker he was not given the best employee/employer of the year award. We informed customers that those will be No interruption interrupting in our bank service tomorrow.

INCORRECT AS A NOUN
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Study Lookings/Looks/looking Remaining Greeting Surrounding Congratulation Regard Proceeding Order Lodging Teaching Earning Ruin

CORRECT
Studies looks Remaining Greetings Surroundings E.g. The beautiful surrounding/surroundings of the place. Congratulations Regards Proceedings Orders E.g. The jazz has pass the order/orders Lodgings Teachings Earnings Ruins

14 15 16 17

Waste Inning Belonging Play, Service

Wastes Innings Belongings E.g. the place with all its belonging/belongings was sold. Plays, Services E.g. The company orders a wide circle range of product and service/services

ADJECTIVEAS A NOUN
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Sweet Breakable Durable Essential Vegetable Where about Error Family member Adopt/adapt Sweets Breakables Durables Essentials Vegetables E.g. I have said the servant to bring fresh vegetables/vegetable. Where abouts Error The member of the family. Adaptations E.g. The article management should not that ultimate passenger unfriendliness is to have their plane crash due to the adopted unsafe of procedure. A plot of ground Watch plays Typewriter (as a tools) Typist (as a person) Shorts Sells People(for person) E.g. Many peoples/ people were providing rescue. Peoples (For Nation) Speak the truth Tell a lie Signature Billiards Financial condition Food, feeding Trial pack Necessity E.g. It is necessarily/Necessity to you to save money. Fall E.g. The monsoon shower & the fail/fall in temperature have brought smile on many faces. Population E.g. Most of the Indian populations Populations is still live in village. Weddings Meal E.g. Meals Meal will be serve to all guest outside the terrace. Amount E.g. A certain amounts/amount is distributed among all students. In detail E.g. The committee will discussed the draft in details/detail Perfumery End of the finger Vacations Sympathy Arrears Measles Unproductive E.g. Organization is non-productive/unproductive Afterwards E.g. And afterward/afterwards you went there alone in arcade for a long while standing where stood remembering the soft melodious voice. Audience

27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55

Ground (when ground is used for sale & purchase) Watch theatre Typist Typewriter Hough paint Sell Peoples People Speak truth, speak a truth Tell lie, tell the lie Sign Billiard Economical condition Fooding Try pack Necessary Fail Populations Wedding Meals Amounts In details Perfumeries Ends of the fingers Vacations Sympathies Arrear Meassle Non- productive Afterward

56

Audiences

PRONOUN
1
PERSNAL PRONOUN E.g. I WE HE SHE IT THEY ONE YOU Etc.

2
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN E.g. THIS THAT THESE THOSE Etc.

9
DISTRIBUTIVE PRONOUN E.g. EACH EITHER NEITHER EVERYONE Etc.

4
INDEFINITIVE PRONOUN E.g. ALL SOME MORE MOST ENOUGH Etc.

5
REFLEXIVE PRONOUN E.g. THEMSELF HERSELF HIMSELF MYSELF Etc.

6
EMPHATIC PRONOUN E.g. MYSELF HIMSELF Etc.

7
RELATIVE PRONOUN E.g. THAT WHAT WHICH WHICH OF WHO WHOSE WHOOM BY WHOOM Etc.

8 INTEROGATIVE PRONOUN WHO WHAT WHOOM WHEN WHICH Etc.

2 3 4

PERSONAL PRONOUN It is use with natural event, nonliving things, children, celebrities, great personality, & for which that is out of view. E.g., It is Monday. It is raining. (natural event) E.g., A child became familiar with his/its mother.(children) E.g., Planetarium with his / its down selling. (non living thing) E.g., It is Sachin who played in Patna. (Celebrities) E.g., Who is it. It is me. (Unknowns) E.g., I seen the Tajmahal It is so beautiful.(out of view) When topic of sentence is plural, then They family is used. E.g., To improve its/there efficiency all income tax officers will be provided with laptop. Those is use for who E.g., The NGO provides free daily meal to them/those who are under BPL. All pronouns are arrange in order of 231,but for accomplishment & confession it is use in order of 123. E.g., I, you & He are responsible for vital mistake. (confession) E.g., you ram & I will proceed journey. All pronouns have own auxiliary verb they not intrude in each others. E.g., One should be honest to his/ ones word. If one refers to a single person then it takes family of He. E.g., only of you is not using one/his mind. Auxiliary verbs come according to we family if several peoples Pronoun is arrive in a sentence whether it arrive according toyou family. E.g., DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN THIS THESE It is use for singular number that is at close place. It is use for plural number that is at close place. E.g., This is her coaching. E.g., These are pens. THAT THOSE It is use for singular number that is situated at far. It is use for plural number that is situated at far. E.g., Look at the star that is very far. E.g., Look at the stars those are very bright. THIS(For recognition) THAT(For recognition) E.g., Meet him this is my new friend. Look at the man that is Sarad Yadav. That/Those is use to avoid repetition in comparative degree. E.g., According to expert Indian banking system is better than that of every developed country. DISTRIBUTIVE PRONOUN (EACH, EITHER, NEITHER, EVERY-ONE Etc.) These are singulars and take singular verb. E.g., Everybody knows that his failure can be attributed to his lack of practice.

5 6 7

10

11 12 13 14`

15

Distributive pronoun + preposition + plural noun/ pronoun.+ singular verb. E.g., Each of us plays a game. Its takes singular verb even when two distributive pronoun adjoin with and. E.g., Each and everyone are is satisfied. Its takes plural verb when it arrive after noun/pronoun. E.g., We each are preparing for examination. It takes assistant from he family. E.g., Each of them along with their /his family & pet is going to Goa. for the summer vacation. INDEFINITE PRONOUN (All, some, more, most, enough,) When it comes for uncountable then treated as singular number, & when it is come for countable noun then treated as plural number. E.g., All is well. All can take it. E.g., some are of course laborious. They will succeed. REFLEXIVE PRONOUN. All noun/pronoun have own reflexive pronoun. It never intrudes on each others reflexive pronoun. E.g., We can enhance development by giving women more opportunity to develop herself/ themselves.

16

17

Reflexive comes after main verb. E.g., They learn themselves. EMPHATIC PRONOUN Emphatic pronoun arrives just before main verb. So neither emphatic nor reflexive pronoun initiate a sentence. E.g., I my self cook. INTEROGATIVE PRONOUN (Who, what, when, whom, when, which, of which, by whom) It arrives at the beginning of any sentence and finish with (?) E.g., Who are you? RELATIVE PRONOUN (That, what, which, which of, who, whose, whom ) Which pronoun that arrives instead of A Noun to show the relation with him. A. It arrive on at the middle of sentence. B. Conversation of JA is arrived after Hindi translation of these sentences. C. It end with the symbol of ? D. MASTER OF RELATIVE PRONOUN + RELATIVE PRONOUN + VERB E. Relative pronoun takes verb according to that for which it arrives. E.g. He is one of the novelist that have/has ever leaved in England in 18th century

18

19

20

TYPE OF CASE

SUBJECTIVE CASE

OBJECTIVE CASE

POSSESIVE CASE

SUBJECTIVE CASE- When a noun is work as subject then it is called subjective case.
E.g. I (sub. case) am learning English.

POSSESIVE CASE when a noun shows his authority at anything then this stage of noun/ pronoun Called possessive case.
E.g. Rams Ayodhay ,The price of the pen, My mobile OBJECTIVE CASE- when a noun/pronoun effected by any action or verb cause then this stage of its is

called objective case.

E.g. The teacher teaches me

Possessive case of noun

1

To show the possessive case of non living things we introduced s

E.g. Lalus wife.

To show the possessive case of non-living things we introduced of and the.

E.g. The key (at which we have to show the authority) of the lock (Noun)

EXECPTION (of non-living things)

2 3

When non-living thing is very huge.

E.g. Oceans roar, Suns orbit.

When a non-living thing expresses him as living-thing or in hyperbolic term then it takes S to show his authority.
E.g. Jungles rule, courts order, Deaths hand.

4 5

When a non-living thing work as a measurement then it takes S to show his authority.
E.g. Have you found guilty of the murder of three years of imprisonment.

Various idioms and phrases also used s

Cats paw Birds eye view At arms length Tents evil At stones throw distance Loves labors lost Hearts context Wits end Moments rest Fortunes favorite

6 7

EXECPTION (of living things) Living thing also takes of when it shows relation in spite of authority.
E.g., The movie of Amir Khan in which he takes baleen role.

Living thing takes of when it show relation with The + adjective (to show the status of whole group)
E.g., The condition of the poor.

8 9 10

Living thing also takes of to keep close with that word for which relative pronoun arrived.
E.g., I like the policy of Manmohan Singh who is a great scholar.

To avoid use of s subsequently two time in a sentence, of is to be used for another word.
E.g., My brothers secretarys car, The car of my brothers secretary.

Those word which are finish at one/body/ (one/body+else) take s to make his possessive case.(Despite that those word are pronoun.)
E.g., Someones mobile is ringing. This is someone elses duty.

11

When various noun are arrived in a sentence then all noun takes s respectively to show his

authority. E.g., Johns and Mohans identity cards. 12 When various nouns are arrived in a sentence then last noun takes s to show his authority in a union. E.g., There is no money in Sohan s & Mohans joint account.
13

Those compound noun which are divide by hyphen (-) with a preposition takes s in a last word to show his authority. E.g., father in laws, sister in laws. 14 When a noun finish with S it takes only ( ) To show his authority. E.g., Mr. Ros house. Girls hostel. 15 To show authority on office, house, shop and church by a noun it doesnt take s. E.g., I am gong to barbers Shop. 16 POSSESIVE CASE+ GERUND(V1 + ING)
E.g., They insisted on me/my (possessive case) staying here. 17 18 19 20

To show the authority of an abbreviation it takes s at last character.

E.g., M.L.As flat

S arrive after surname of a persons name if it avails.

E.g., Baraks Obama Barak Obama

Natural incident and event never takes OF/ S

E.g., Winter season, summer vacation.

When two subject effect each other then it use each other. But when they effect each others authority then it takes each others
E.g., Fishing & swimming are two different activities independent on each other. Modi & Nitish criticize each others policy.

21

When more than two subjects affect one other then it use one other. But when they effect one others authority then it takes one others
E.g., All members in the council are begin shouting at one another/each other. E.g., The four friends were very different from one another yet they come to help each others /one anothers Aid when required.

22

Comparison takes place at only in same case.

Subjective Case comparison with Subjective Case. E.g., He is taller than me/I Objective case = objective case. E.g., My teacher scold me more than her. Possessive case= Possessive case. E.g. My shoes are better than yours. SUBJECT + VERB E.g., They/them were very discipline very quite. VERB + OBJECT E.g., The business lobby wanted to take over he/him. LET + VERB + OBJECT. E.g. Let me go. LIKE + OBJECT E.g., She is like me. PREPOSITION + OBJECTIVE CASE E.g., Of me, of his , in her house. At his museum. BUT (CONJ.) + SUBJECTIVE CASE E.g., You are a student but I am a teacher. BUT (PRE.) + SUBJECTIVE CASE E.g., Nobody but I always solve. AS + SUBJECT + VERB. E.g., Do as I say. IT + A.V + SUBJECTIVE CASE E.g., It was me/I who was responsible for train mishap.

23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1 2 3 4 5 6

EITHER ANYONE NEITHER NONE BOTH ALL

To select one between two (It takes singular verb.)

E.g., Either Ram & Ravan was defeated. {kisi ek k pas}

To select any one among more than two. (It takes singular verb.)
E.g., Any one of three.

When nothing is selected between two, then it is used.

E.g., He is a professor but of his two sons none/neither has any merit.

When nothing is selected among more than two. E.g., The jazz was convince that neither/none of
five accused was guilty of murder.

It is used to select both (all) between two. E.g., Both of Ram & Ravan were strong. It is used to select all among more than two. E.g., All of us learning English.

7 8 9 10

EACH EVERY ONE SOMEON E

It is used to show each person subsequently between two.{Sabke pas}

E.g., Each of Bajpaye & Manmohan has ruled India.

It is used to show every person subsequently among more than two.

E.g., Everyone/all witness of yesterday accident has been asked separately.

One is use for advice at place of everyone. E.g., One should come in time. It is use for a person that is unknown. E.g., Someone is making noise.

NOTE(REFLEJXIVE PRONOUN)

ABSENT, PERSENT, ENJOY, AVAIL, ADOPT, ADEPT are always come with Reflexive Pronoun
E.g., instead of lying to the workers the company decided to ask them/themselves to avail voluntary recruitment.

SLEEP, SEAT, SWIM, LAUGH, WEEP, BATH, GO, STAND are never taken reflexive pronoun. E.g., I laugh myself 11 WHO Who use in W.H sentence when it makes action or work. E.g., Who made a record? = Sachin 12 WHOSE It is a possessive case, which is use in W.H question to show possession at anything.
E.g. Whose wife is C.M? lalus wife is C.M. 13 WHOM

Whom is an Objective case, it is used in W.H sentence when a person is affected by any action.
E.g., Whom was police arrested? Police had arrested Sri Sant.

14 WHAT

It use for non-living thing when it is a topic of issue. E.g., what is the matter? It is use for non-living thing when it makes action.
E.g., Who is disturbing student? The A.C is disturbing student.

It is used as an objective case when a non-living thing is affected by any action in W.H sentence.
E.g., What has she purchased? She purchased a pen. 15 16 OF WHICH WHICH

It is used for ask question about non-living thing.

E.g., Of which price is 100Rs? The price of mango is hundred Rs.

It is use for both living and non-living thing but when a question asked to choose/select anything from various.
E.g., The master didnt know which/who of the bank became insolvent.

17

Interrogative sentence takes that if required

E.g. Is there any student that couldnt understand me?

W.H. sentence takes that as a relative pronoun if it is required.

E.g. Who is there that doesnt know Gandhi Jee. THAT

ONE OF+PLURAL COUNTABLE NOUN+THAT

E.g. This is one of three companies who /that have done well for past two years.

Indefinite pronoun take that just after itself when it is required.

E.g. All that glitters is not gold.

When living-thing and non-living thing arrive along with each other than living-thing place at first and non-living thing take that.
E.g. The name of his dog who/that was missing have been found safe and sound. 18 19 20 21 22 SUCH+ THAT SO + THAT wahi SAME + AS WHO WHOSE

That is used along with such when it shows intensity, velocity and stage of in work.
E.g. That state administrator is in such a mass there/that is no leader to set the things right.

That is used along with so when it show aim of work.

E.g., The passage was so difficult that I could not comprehend in 1 st reading. WAISSA HEE. E.g., This is same ice-cream vendor which/that sold ice-cream when I am kid.

It use for relative pronoun when it comes for human who does in subjective case.
E.g., He was a man who died in accident.

It is used as relative pronoun when it comes for human who does in possessive case to show his authority.
E.g., This is the man who/whose advice is very difficult to follow for anyone.

23 24

WHOM WHAT

It is used for relative pronoun when it comes for human who is in objective case. E.g., I know who/whom this job should be interested to for smooth handling. It is used as a relative pronoun when there is no ANTECEDENTS in sentence.
E.g., What cant be cure? What is done cant be undertaken? E.g., even after hearing the leader for a long time the follower could not make out which/ what he was talking about. It is used for relative pronoun for non-living things. E.g., Bhutan is beautiful country which/of which 80% population live in the village.

25

OF WHICH

IT + A.V + SUBJECTIVE CASE

E.g., It was me/I who was repose for making all arrangement for the successful competition of his students. 26 IT

When distributive collective nouns have consent in a issue then it takes IT family.
E.g. Although the advisory commission of central America has completed their /it report that address the political tension in that area.

When more than one Post are arrived in a sentence & only 1st Post takes article before it then it take singular verb and treated as singular
E.g., The prime-minister & chairman of planning commission has canceled his all new plan.

When more than one Post are arrived in a sentence & all Posts takes article before it then it take plural verb and treated as plural with they family. E.g., The prime minister & the railway minister cancel there meeting. 27 When there is no consent among member of distributive collective noun then it takes they family.
THEY e.g., The committee left there/it seat after deciding the matter.

When more than one adjective arrived in a sentence & either one adjective takes article then IT take singular verb and treated as singular. E.g., A black & white cat has eaten its food. When more than one adjective arrived in a sentence & both adjective take article then THEY take plural verb and treated as plural. E.g., A black & a white dog are eating their food. 28 MY, YOUR Etc. These words always arrived at present of a Noun.
E.g., my book is new. This is my book. 29 MINE, OURS

These words never arrived at present of a Noun.

E.g., This book is mine. That is yours. My book is the new one and ______ is the torn one. A) your B) yours, C)The book of

30 31

ONE ONES

It use for avoid repetition of singular noun.

E.g., There are two books on the table of which one is torn.

It use for avoid repetition of plural noun. E.g. There are many rooms in the flat of which several ones are fully prepared. There is no repetition of pronoun is consider in a sentences without any cause. E.g., He being a house holder he is entitled to vote in this election.

VERB
AUXILIARY VERB IS AM ARE DO DOES DID HAS HAVE HAD SHALL - SHOULD WILL CAN - WOULD - COULD OUGHT TO USED TO MAY WAS WERE MIGHT MUST NEED DARE

(1) Singular sub Used singular verb & Plural subject used plural verb. E.g. The R.B.I which monitors operations (dont have / doesnt has) the resource to carry out the investigation. E.g.-Some college has reopened (2) When to singular N/P attached with AND then it used plural verb. (But when). When two word joint with and And seems as a pair then it is treated as singular number and take singular verb. E.g., The poverty is still remnant in Indian economic growth & commercial development has/have to reduce. E.g., The sum and substance of his speech were essential. (3) When or nor used to join two noun/pronoun then singular word comes primarily, then after plural n/p arrived. Hence Its gives preference to last n/p, so it uses plural verb when any plural n/p join with It (or-nor). E.g., Because they refuse to follow the dress code neither Shivam nor his friends is/are invited to the function. (4) When two N/P adjoin with NOT ONLY BUT ALSO then verb is arrived according to last subject (N/P). There is no restriction of the arrangement of N/P E.g., Not only the students but the leader also have/has tried for good result. (5) MOST OF + PLURAL COUNTABLE NOUN + PLURAL VERB. E.g., Most of students are appeared in examination. MOST OF + UNCOUNTABLE NOUN + SINGULAR VERB. E.g., Most of the milk boiled. (6) When two N/P are adjoined with following AS WELL AS WITH words then verb always arrived according to UNLIKE EXCEPT st 1 subject. E.g., Silver as well as Gold have/ has fallen considerably in price. ALONG WITH RATHER THEN LIKE AND NOT,BUT

(7)

A set of A chain of A team of A band of A crowd of A class of An army of A series of A bunch of A pair of A herd of A fleet of A batch of A garland of A collection of After these words, PLURAL COUNTABLE NOUN just arrived with singular verb. E.g. A series of matches were/was to be played between India & Pakistan.

A group of A yolk of Etc.

(8) Were is used with unfulfilled desire of present time .E.g., I wish I were the richest person of the world. (9) HAD BEEN is used to show those imagination of past time, that may not be possible on that time (past time) E.g., If I had been a cricketer of a Kapildev team. (10) SHOULD is used in beginning of the sentence to show the imagination of future tense. E.g., Should you need my help please feel free to tell me about it. (11) Had is used to show the deficiency or scarcity. E.g. If we had been one better batsman in our team would have been won all the matches.

(12)

a. A number of+ Plural countable number.+ Plural verb E.g., A number of people were poisoned. b. The number of + Plural countable number + singular verb. E.g., The number of animals was poisoned. c. None + Singular verb E.g., None of us is happy. d. More than one + Singular countable noun + Singular Verb. E.g., More than one student has passed. e. More + Plural countable noun + Then+ One + P.V. E.g., more people then one has/ have been poisoned. (13) There take verb according to That word for that it is arrived in the sentence. E.g., Today there is one billion people living below poverty line in India. (14) No/Neither /Not Never/ Nor + + Sub + P.V E.g. No sooner than the advertisement appears/ appear in the newspaper. (15) Verb comes arrive according to that N/P which comes before preposition. E.g. The % of good person is small. E.g. 40% of students are intelligent. E.g. 50% of milk is consumed.(U.C.N (16) Nothing but always takes always takes singular verb, even when N/P is singular. E.g. Nothing but books is need. (17) Name of book, disease, story, country, picture, Hotel. Are singular & always takes singular verb. E.g. The Arabian night is/are indeed an interesting book. (18) Can is used to show the ability to do anything at present time. E.g. I can pass the examination. (19) Could have is used to show ability to do anything at past time but when this ability is not yet maintain. E.g. Police could have arrested Srisant long ago. (20) MAY(PRESENT) MIGHT (PAST) It is used to show the aim at present time E.g. We are laboring that we may succeed. It is used to show the possibility or surmise. E.g., It may Santosh. It is used to show the aim of past time. E.g., They were laboring that they might succeed. It is used to show the possibility of surmise in past time. E.g., yesterday It might Santosh.

It is used to show Curse & bless. E.g. May Bajpaye live long. It also shows the doubt. At present time. It also shows the doubt. At past time. You may miss the Train. E.g. He feared that he might fail. (21) When somebody pervaded from a miss incident in past then might have is used. E.g. You might have missed the train. (22) Would have is used to depict imagination in Past tense. E.g. If India would have won more Gold medal in Olympic. (23) Sub. + Shall be+ Able + to v1 is used to shows the ability in feature. E.g. Nitish shall be able to defeat Lalu in election. (24) To threaten somebody & for make promise will is used. E.g. I will kill you. (25) Shall/will dont be used more than one time in a sentence but when two narration of future is arrived in a sentence then another is in Present indefinite tense .E.g. If he will obtains too marks I shall give him suitable watch. (26) Should is used to give the advice. E.g. I suggest that he should goes to the doctor. (27) To make careful another from un-auspicious incident of future lest is used with should. E.g. He ought to start at once lest he may/should miss the train.

(28) When something should have done but it is not done. . E.g.. He travelled by the bus but should/ have travelled by the train to save time. (29) Ought to used to show the moral duty. E.g. You ought to help the poor (30) ought to have is used to show the violation of mo ral duty. E.g. Leader ought to have visited Nigmanand. (31) When something is obligatory to done then must is used with the sentence. E.g. You must done the task. (32) When something is obligatory to done despite that it doesnt be happened then must have is used in the sentence. E.g. You must have come in time (33) To show the compulsion of time & destiny has to /have to / had to is used in the sentence. E.g. As I was to reach early I left in an Airplane instead going by train. (34) Has, have, had is three form of verb so it is used as a main verb in a sentence. E.g. Have you had your breakfast? (35) To show the Narration of future in sentence of past Tense Would is used. E.g. He remembers his VISA will/would expire in a month. (36) Imagination of to do anything Would have is used, & were is used to become anybody/anything. E.g. If I would have fly. (37) Would is not be used more than one time in a sentence. E.g. I would come If you would call me. (38) Would have is use to show the imagination of pas t time. E.g. If India would have won more gold Medal in Olympic. (39) Would have is not be used more than one time in a sentence. E.g. I would have asked him to leave our house immediately If my father would not have had not been at home & awaked, (40) Rather is comes with will family . E.g., I would have rather resign then suffering justice. (41) When else is use to wary from un-auspicious incident then will is used in the sentence. E.g., Hurry up else, we shall miss the train. (42) Used to is use to the hobbit/ addiction of past time. E.g. He used to come late. E.g. Do we used to labor hard? (43) To make emphasize in a affirmative sentence DO/DOES/DID is uses. E.g. Mahatma Gandhi did not solve all the problems of future but he did solve all the problem of present. (44) Need & dare cast himself according to sentence ( only in affirmative sentence except negative & interrogative sentence E.g. He needs not to go.). E.g. The report states India needs to invest heavily. (45) When anything should not to be done but it happened then need not is used in the sentence. E.g. You need not to water tree because It is raining. (46) Participle & gerund always treated as singular and take singular verb. E.g. To walk is a good exercise. E.g. We must realize that learning from mistakes is an important part of life. .

IN 1

When something already occupied in any precincts or boundary then it Is used. E.g., The young shoulder was taken to the hospital because he had been seriously wounded in/ on battlefield.
When something enters in any boundary by transgressing its boundary line then it is used. E.g., The bird dropped a big loaf of bread in/ into the pound. To depict a thing between two things it is used. E.g., The ongoing merger between/among the two companies will have an adverse impact on consumers. To depict a thing between more than two things it is used. E.g., Ram is the best among all the student of the class. When any work does with the help of any part of body and equipment then it is used. E.g., We write with pen. When the human does something, it is used. E.g., I am bitten by the teacher. When something separate from something then it is used. E.g., Small pox has been eradicated from India. When something is kept on something and in touch of that thing then it is used. E.g., The cup of tea which was kept upon /on the table fails down. When something is above something & these are not in touch then it is used. E.g. The fan is above us. When something clouded over something but not in touch then it is used. E.g., The Gandhi Satu is above the Ganges. When something kept beside (bagal) something then it is used. E.g., Payal kept her drum besides/ beside her always and plays wisely. Before the name of Street , Village, Small town, it is used. E.g., at Rajendra nagar, at Jeradai. etc Before the name of big town, country, state, continent it is used. E.g. The famous dancer died in/on Mumbai recently.

IN TO 1

BETWEEN 1

AMONG

5 6 7

WITH BY 1

FROM

8 9 10

ON

ABOVE OVER 1

11 12 13

BESIDE AT IN 2 5

NOTE- WHEN OWNER OF TWO IN IN A SINGLE SENTENCE ARE ARRIVE AGAINST EACH OTHER BY INSTALLING YET/BUT THEN AT IS USED WITH LESS PROMINENT PLACE & IN IS USED WITH MORE PROMINENT PLACE. E.g., Nehru was born in Allahabad but now he is live in New Delhi. 14 15 16 ON BY IN 3 2 2 Those medium of journey that is without ceiling or open is used ON E.g., on foot, on bicycle, on horse Those medium of journey that is with ceiling or packed is used by E.g., Ram go to Patna by the train. Those medium of journey that is with ceiling or packed is used in: but when traveler is the owner of the vehicle. E.g., I shall in my own car. To show the watch time it is used. E.g., At 5o clock It uses to show the Day /date. E.g., The examination starts on Monday. (K bare me) E.g., we are talking about next election. Approximate E.g., Kaitrina Kaif was about 27 year old.

17 18 19 20

AT 4 ON 3 ABOUT 1 ABOUT 2

21

AMID

(In middle). When something establish among various thing then it is used. E.g., There is a pound amid our village. When a new thing is made of something without terminating his entity then it uses by the sentence. When to make a new product a manufacturer product is terminate his own entity. Then It use in the sentence. When somebody is go against somebody then it will be used. E.g. alleged go against verdict. To cross something by touching its surface. E.g. He swims across the Ganges. To cross something through going under them. E.g., The train runs through the tunnel. To cross without touching the surface E.g., The thief jumps over the wall. To pass in front of something. E.g., We went pass Patna College. To show the destination it is used. E.g., The travel agency made all the arrangement for our journey for/to England. To show the movement toward the direction it is used. E.g., I go to coaching toward Kahitan Market. When something occupied/occur after something it is used. E.g., Rams friend is seating behind him. It shows the movements around something. E.g. Galileo proved that the earth revolves around/round the Sun. It shows the movements from down to up but without any destination. E.g., Jack and jeel went up. It shows the movements down to up with destination. E.g., I shall go up to the classroom When something kept upon something, it is used. E.g., The lion jump upon the deer. It show the movement from up to down. E.g., Jack & Jell come down the hill. When something exceeds beyond the limit / transgresses the boundary line, then it is used. E.g., the ball went beyond the boundary line. When something kept bellow something but in touch Then it is used. E.g., Shankar was lying beneath the feet of kali. When something kept under & in touch of other thing then it is used. E.g., We are seating bellow the fan. When something kept below the something & that is clouded over that thing. (Sahit) When we have to show that that thing is comes with that thing it is used. E.g. Besides the chairperson all committee members were presented. (Rahit) when we have to show that that thing is comes without something it is used. E.g. the company havent any device except close the factory. Excessive time from oclock time it is used. E.g. it 15 past nine. It shows the before time from Oclock. E.g., it 5 to 9 p.m With ticket Without ticket When something is occupies in corner of something in straight way it used. E.g., people were standing along the road. When something is occupies in corner of something in circular path. E.g., there are trees around the Gandhi Maidan.

22 23

OF FROM 2

24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

AGAINST ACROSS THROUGH OVER 2 PASS TO 1

TOWARD BEHIND

32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42

ROUND UP UPTO UPON

COME DOWN

BEYOND BENEATH BELLOW UNDER 1 BESIDES EXCEPTS

43 44 45 46 47 48

PAST TO 2 WITH 2 WITHOUT ALONG AROUND 2

49 50 51

AFTER SINCE FOR 1

It shows behind of something that is in motion. E.g., Rams car runs behind Mohans car. It uses in present perfect continuous tense to show the Point of time. E.g., she shared all her secret with her mother since 1996. It uses in present perfect continuous to show the duration of time. E.g., I have been living here for five months. It uses in future perfect tense. When Something is accomplished at to the point/fixed time. I shall finish my work by 8 Oclock. It uses in future perfect tense. When somebody accomplishes any work before the point of time / fixed time. E.g., I shall have finished my work before 9 Oclock. It uses in future perfect continuous tense. E.g., I shall have been doing this job from December 2013. It uses in all indefinite & imperfect tenses to show that work is finished in fixed period. E.g. our country has ambitious goal to eliminating poverty in/within 10 years. It uses in all indefinite & imperfect tenses to show that work is done before / within period. E.g. Under this skim letter & parcel are delivering with in/ in a give frame of time. It uses in all indefinite & imperfect tenses to show that work is done at to the point he will come by 5 Oclock. It uses in all indefinite & imperfect tenses to show that work is done before to the point. E.g., He came before 9 Oclock. It shows the time of accomplishment when work finish by a fix time. E.g. stay here till 9 Oclock It also shows the time of accomplishment when something complete before the fixed time. You may stay here up two hours. It shows the period of accomplishment. It shows dependency over something. The Indian farmer depends on rain. It uses to show the medium of joy. E.g., he got admit ion in PMCH through Ranjeet Don. It shows medium of sorrow. The whole country is suffering from financial crisis. When we have to show the transformation from one thing to other thing, it is used. E.g. change into passive voice. It uses with all type of apparel & beauty cosmetics. E.g. Woman go every were in full-makeup. It shows excess from relevant E.g. Dont spend over your income. It shows bellow from relevant E.g. She thing herself under the age. When somebody death off prolong ate disease it is used. E.g. The child off/by jaundice It shows that causes of death that kill instantly. E.g., My friends father died from TTC fever. (With respect of /k prati) It shows interpersonal behavior with respect of one person to another person. E.g., The teacher is very cruel unto us. At night , at moon, at noon In morning, in evening, At dusk, at down, It uses all type of barter and sell purchase. E.g., tit for tat, I got a pen for 5 rs. When two living things are facing each other than it is used.

52 53 54

BY

BEFORE 1 FROM 3

55 56

IN

4duration

WITHIN

57 58

BY 4to the point BEFORE 2

59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76

TILL UP TO DURING ON 4 THROUGH FROM 4 IN TO 2 IN 5 OVER 2 UNDER 2 OFF FROM UNTO AT 3 IN 6 AT 2 FOR 2 FACING

77 78 79

BEFORE 3 OPPOSITE IN FRONT OF

E.g., The leader is delivering speech facing to public. When two living things are stand as like queue then it is used. When two nonliving things are facing each other than it is used. E.g., My coaching is opposite Rajdhani market. When two nonliving things are stand as like queue then it is used E.g., the Mahaveer mandir is in front of Patna junction. When somebody is busy in any profession then it is used. E.g. In service, In army (NOTHING EXCEPT SOMETHING) E.g., The govt. has no choice then/but to curtail the subsidies in order to content fiscal deficit. (Opposite of upon) when something and somebody kept or jumped on something then it is used. E.g., the cat jump onto the table from roof. It use to depict close location of any place. E.g., he walk about the coaching about 6 oclock. It use to depict different locations of a place. E.g., Police were deputed around the town. When location is ahead but not visible then it is used. E.g., your destination is ahead you. When destination is back from current location then it is used. E.g., you have left your destination aback you. It use for nonliving thing only then when it work as subject. E.g., London was brunt by unknown fire. It used for human only then when it is work as assistant /object. E.g., Ram killed Ravan with help or Hanuman. When any non-living thing becomes more powerful and destructive then it is used. E.g.Hiroshima was destroyed by atom Bomb. It used to depict cordial and companionship between two or more persons. E.g., There is friendship between all gulf countries. It used to depict animosity between two or more persons. E.g. There is enmity among Pakistan and India. It is used for big issue at place of about (ka bare me)E.g., There was talking on corruption. Amongst is used at place of among when first latter of preceding word of among is vowel. E.g., There is enmity amongst India and Pakistan Amidst is used at place of midst when first latter of preceding word of midst is vowel. E.g., There is a temple amidst of our village. It is used for place of landing of plain and train. E.g., Our plane landed at Patna. It is used to show the location. E.g., I go to coaching in Dariyarpur.

80 81

IN 7 But

82

ONTO

83 84 85 86

ABOUT 3 AROUND 1 AHEAD ABACK

87 88 89

BY 5 WITH BY 6 3

90 91

BETWEEN 2 AMONG 3

92 93 94

ON 5 AMONGST AMIDST

95 96

AT 1 IN 8

CONJUCTION
CONJUCTIONS IS A WORD THAT JOINS WORD OR SENTENCES TOGETHER

TYPE OF CONJUCTION

CO-ORDINAT CONJ.

SUB-ORDINAT CONJ.

CO-RELATIVE CONJ.

1. CO-ORDINAT CONJ. = It joins same kinds of Part of Speech.

Eg. But, Or, Nor, Yet, Till, Etc..

2. SUB-ORDINAT CONJ. = It joins different kinds of Part of Speech. Eg. That, which, when, who etc. 3. CO-RELATIVE CONJ.= it joins same kinds of Past of Speech By coming Itself in pair Eg. Neither- - - nor, Either - - - or, But - - - - also, Both - - - and, etc.

USE OF CONJUCTION
AS SOON AS It is use with +ve abstract. It is use in all type of Tense. It is use in affirmative sentence. Eg. As soon as I came here I took the seat. LIKE It is use as a conjunction for compare. Noun /pronoun just arrive after LIKE Only objective case of Pronoun is arrived after it. Eg. Eg. Though ant is very small it is very intelligent as/ like an elephant. IF It is using that interrogative sentence that shows doubt. Dont is not use with it. It is use to show the condition. It is not use in the condition of what should be do or not When the meaning of mind is bura maan lena then it is use. SINCE (chuki) When it is use to show the condition then it shows the reason. It is use in beginning of the sentence. Since show firstly reason then result. Eg. Since I have a order of large no. of book the salesman agreed to give me a discount. NO SOONER THAN It is use with ve abstracts. It is use in only past tense. It is use in as like interrogative sentence. Eg. Did he come then I open the door. AS It is use as a conjunction for compare. Noun /pronoun + verb just arrived after it. Subjective case of Pronoun is use after it. No other typist is as slow as her/she is.

WHETHER It is use in all type of interrogative /w.h sentence. Dont not be used with weather. It is not use to show the condition. It is use in the condition of what should be do or not When the meaning of mind is bura maan lena then it is not be used. BECAUSE It is also show the reason. It is use in middle of the sentence. It firstly shows result and finally shows the reason. Eg.

UNTIL It is use to join two sentences when something is prohibited with time Eg. Dont go until it is 9 O clock.

UNLESS It is use to join two sentences when something is prohibited with any action. Eg. She will not attend the meeting at any cost until /unless she is invited properly AND It joins the two same valued things. Eg. Ram and Ravan were strong. IN ORDER TO It shows the aim. Eg. I came here in order to learn English. TILL (since) It shows the termination of the work at fixed time. Eg. Till suffering till your death if you wants Mokhya WHILE (JAB)

AS WELL AS It joins the two different valued things. Eg. Pakistan as well as India guilty. DUE TO It shows the cause Eg. I came here due to heavy rain/traffic. AS LONG AS (to) It shows the end of the work in during a period. Eg. Keep living as long as you live WHEN(JAB) It is use to join two sentence when work of both sentences done one after another. Eg. You will be ready to start when he come to receive for the office. SO It used to show the minor result Eg. I was busy so I didnt complete the task AS It is use to show the minor cause Eg. As the road was block I couldnt came in time. BUT It shows the antagonism about noun/pronoun/ adjective Eg. I am poor but satisfied.

it is use to join two sentences when work of both sentences done simultaneously eg. They had a narrow escaping as roaring avalanched just missed them
THEIR FORE It us used to show the major result. Eg. He killed his time their fore he is unemployed. FOR It is used to show the major reason.

YET I shows the antagonism about the verbs. Eg. I find my best yet couldnt be succeeded.

INSPITE OF Inspite of always come with of He deserve the reward because he manage to complete the assignment inspite of many difficulty. CONSIST OF It used with nonliving Eg. The secretariat consist of many air conditioner.

DESPITE Despite always comes withoutof. Eg. The city people remain stayed despite a rumor of a terrorist attack in the area. COMPRISE It used with human. Eg. The committee comprises many leading businessman.

INSTEAD OF It is used when something is placed with something except Human

ON BEHALF OF It is use when somebody is placed by somebody(human )

CONJUCTION
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. EITHER NEITHER HARDLY ANY NO NOT SELDOM NOTHING ELSE WHETHER REASON RATHER SO AS BOTH THOUGH HARDLY SCARCELY NO SOONER NO OTHER OTHER AS MUCH NOTHING SUCH DOUBT NOT ONLY NOT EITHER WITHOUT BETWEEN ELSE ALTHOUGH

USE
OR NOR ANY OTHER OR OR NEVER BUT OR WHY THAN AS AS AND YET WHEN/BEFORE WHEN/BEFORE Than OR THAN AS BUT THAT WHETHER BUT ALSO OR EVER OR BUT YET

WITH

NEVER
NOR OR OTHER BUT NOR NOR EVER YET NOR THAT THEN SO THEN/THAN AS WEL AS BUT THEN THEN WHEN WHEN THEN SO YET THEN IF TOO NOR NEVER NOR THAN BUT

USE

(N1)- Above conjunction which are use in pair are precaution able because either conjunction should be provide service to word of same part of speech. Eg. I neither saw (v) nor consulted (v) Raman

(N2)- when as if or I WISH used in sentence for imagination then were is used at place of auxiliary verb. Although also used were at place of auxiliary verb. Eg. I wish I were a doctor.

Define Portray Depict Persons Regard

As As As As As

Eg .In India the guest always regarded as/like a god

Unless, Till, Until, Lest, Else not arrived with No, Never, Not, in same sentence. But it used in another sentence that is join in first sentence by any conjunction. Eg. We cant handle this complicated case today unless full details are not given to us by now.

If , While, When, Whether,

are not arrived with then/than.

Eg. If there is a guarantee then we are prepare to place a bulk order for your product.

ADJECTIVE
1
PROPER ADJECTIVE E.g. The Italian bike

2
DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVE E.g. THIS THAT THESE THOSE Etc.

9
DISTRIBUTIVE ADJECTIVE E.g. EACH EITHER NEITHER EVERYONE Etc.

4
POSSESIVE ADJECTIVE E.g. My HIS YOUR Etc.

5
INTEROGATIVE ADJECTIVE E.g. WHAT WHICH WHO HOW Etc.

6
ADJECTIVE OF NUMBER E.g. ONE TWO FIRST THIRD Etc.

7
ADJECTIVE OF QUALITY E.g. GOOD BETER BEST Etc.

PROPER ADJECTIVE

DEMONSTRATIVE

ADJECTIVE

DISTRIBUTIVE ADJECTIVE

4 5

POSSESIVE ADJECTIVE
INTERROGATIVE

ADJECTIVE

ADJECTIVE OF QUANTITY OR ADJECTIVE OF NUMBER

ADJECTIVE OF QUALITY

Those adjective that is made by Proper Noun is called proper Adjective. It is used before that word for which it is used. 1st later is in capital latter. It takes The before it. E.g. The Italian bike It is a type of adjective that comes with noun to demonstrate (depict) it. N1 It comes before noun. N2 Singular noun arrived after This, That N3 Plural noun is arrived after These, Those E.g. This These questions is forces us to face the truth. E.g. These kind kinds of problems are not being asked now a day. It shows to Noun in distributive form. N1 It comes before noun N2 It is singular and takes singular verb. N3 Noun that is come after it is also in singular form. E.g. In his opinion every senior citizens citizen will benefit from the new rule. E.g. Each participant are is expected to be present of an hour before the competition. Those pronouns that show his possession at a noun are possessive adjective. E.g. My house, His wife etc. Those noun that kept with noun and they question about noun is called Interrogative adjective. E.g. what session, which month etc. N1 It is at the beginning of sentence. E.g. Which month is the shortest month? Those nouns that kept with (before) noun to show the quantity of the noun. E.g. Some, little , much, less N1 All nouns that come with it singular countable noun, and takes singular verb. CORDINAL ADJECTIVE OF NUMBER ORDINAL ADJECTIVE OF NUMBER It shows the number of quantity. It shows place and position of a noun. It doesnt take article. It takes the as an article. These all are plural except one. These all are singular E.g. one teacher, five girls The 2nd book, The 3rd umpire. The +ordinal + cardinal Noun N1 E.g. The 1st three three 1st installment of the loan. N2 All several, few, many some, both, are adjective of number so these are plural noun and takes plural verb. E.g. Many students are playing. N3 When A/An is just arrived after Many then it is singular and takes plural verb. Those adjectives that kept with a noun to show Pros & Cons of Noun are adjective of quality. It can use before or after Noun. E.g. A good girl, a girl is good. N1 N2 N3

ADJECTIVE OF QUALITY OR DEGREE

POSITIVE DEGREE COMPARATIVE DEGREE SUPERLATIVE DEGREE

1 2 3

Good Better Best Adjective of quality is almost in Positive Degree. And it change into comparative degree by adding ER and it change into superlative degree by adjoining EST. E.g. Young-Younger than-The youngest, Tall-Taller than-The tallest, True- Truer than-The truest (here R is already available.) When a word ends with Y & a vowel is occupied before it follows normal rule. Gay- Gayer than- The gayest, Gray-Grayer than- The grayest Etc. nd When a word ends with Y & a consonant is occupied at 2 last position than Y is transform into I & follows general rule.
Dirty-Dirtier than- The dirtiest Heavy-Heavier than-The heaviest lovely- Lovelier than-The loveliest,
nd

Busy-Busier than- The busiest

5 6

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23

When an adjective is so tinny like 3 or 4 letters and its 2 last letter is a vowel than last letter is become double and after it follows general rule. E.g. Thin Thinner than- The thinnest Big-Bigger than-The biggest Fit Fitter than- The Fittest Sad sadder than The saddest Thin Thinner than- The thinnest Those words which have more than 1syllabi are use more & most to make comparative & positive degree. E.g. E.g. Handsome- More handsome than-The most handsome, Stupid-More stupid- The most stupid, Some adjective occupied in English that have on rule of degree transformation. Good-Better than- The best Well better than The best, Many-More than- The most Little LessLeast, Bad-WorseWorst Far Farther Farthest Much More than The most To change degree of compound noun It will have to change his main Adjective. E.g. Well known-better known than- the best known Hard working-Harder working than-The hardest working. Good nature-better nature than- the best nature Cruel body more cruel body- the most cruel. Some adjective in comparative degree takes TO in spite of Than E.g. Junior, superior, He is junior than to ram. More/Most + adjective+ Est/Er this type of sentence is wrong. E.g. Whale is the most large largest animal in the world. E.g. The weather is more warm warmer than tomorrow. When a person or thing is compared with itself than it take more in all comparative degree. E.g. He is more taller than his age. To qualify a subject with more than one noun, there should be same degree for all Adjective. E.g. He is the most intelligent also he is more taller the tallest student in his class. When there is no comparison is shown in a sentence so there is only positive degree of adjective is used. E.g. Ram was tall and handsome. When there is comparison is between two then comparative degree is being used. E.g. Our conclusion is the between Nitish & Lalu, Nitish is the best/better. When comparison is done among more than two the superlative degree is used. E.g. She is more/the most beautiful in her class. When there is more than one positive degree of adjective is occupied in a sentence then it is sorted in ascending order in view of the word formation of adjective. E.g. Ram was the tallest and most handsome most handsome and tallest boy in class. Ram is tall and handsome. When more than one adjective is occupied in a sentence then article A/AN/THE is introduced at only in first adjective of the sentence, and than is introduced at the last adjective. E.g. China is stronger and more peaceful than Pakistan. Ram was the tallest and most handsome boy in his class. India is a rich and peaceful country. any/other/ills is not be used with superlative degree. E.g. There is no arrangement against the fact that humans are the most intelligent of all other species. But in comparative degree it may be possible with singular noun with any other. E.g. Ram is more talented most talented than is any other. All is used at place of any but when subject is plural. E.g. The Nil is said to be largest than all other river. else is used in comparative degree but it is preceding before THING, BODY , SOMEONE E.g. Rita was smarter than any other else in the class. The stage of promotion & demotion is also shown with comparative degree. E.g. With a fresh coat of paint the school can look much nice/nicer It is also used to show gradual promotion & demotion of something and somebody. E.g. The day is getting hot/hotter and hotter in every part of the world. When something is gradually increase, & by its effect any other thing is simultaneously increase or decrease with it then The + comparative degree is used.

24 25 26 27 28 29

30 31 32

33

E.g. The greater the demand the higher ____ price. Latter/ Former take the before it. E.g. I like the former chapter. Relatively / Comparatively + Positive degree E.g. The rate of metabolism of a body is comparatively lowest low when it is at rest. E.g. At this junction we are living in relatively better good condition than that of our ancestors. Rather + comparative degree E.g. The performance of players was rather worst worse than I had expected. As + Positive degree + As is used to show similarity after comparison. E.g. Mohan as faster/fast as he could s that he would not miss the train. Ram is as taller tall as if not taller than Ram. Five, seven etc. + times + comparative degree. E.g. India is hundred times stronger than Pakistan. UNIQUE UNIVERSAL IDEAL SQUARY CHIEF IMPOSIBLE WROUNG PERFECT These word is already in superlative degree so it cant change according to degree or take the. E.g. All know that Rani is the most unique speaker of her class. One of + the + superlative degree + Plural countable noun + that + Plural verb. E.g. The Indian stock market is one of the worst/worse performing stock market in recent time. Prefer /Preferable + to /then E.g. He has a scheme of his own which he thinks preferable to than that of any other persons. Positive degree Comparative degree Superlative degree A few Fewer than The fewest A little Less then The least Exceed is already a superlative degree so it didnt take more/ than & the E.g. The short story student exceeds more than 200 words in any situation.

Article is a kind of adjective which is used before a noun to make it definite & indefinite. Definite article Indefinite article

Use of A/AN
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 It is used with unknown and uncertain. E.g. A boy is calling you. It is also used when we deliberately became unknown with some body and something. E.g. He is a teacher & teaches in school. When some is not recognizing by his name than it is used. E.g. A Ram Singh is standing on the door. It is use at place of per E.g. 5 Km An Hour When Dozen, Grass, Score, Century, Stone, Hundred are in singular form then it takes A/An before it. E.g. A stone, A dozen. Rather(quiter/thoda) + A/An E.g. It is rather a hot day. Quite + A/An E.g. Quite a boring picture. Those abbreviations takes A/an which have separate pronunciations of each letter & it take the for combined pronunciation. E.g. An M.B.A, The shrark. It is also used a numerical value of one/1 E.g. According to a/one survey it has became clear the next election winner is. nd Singular noun takes article A/An but when it arrives 2 time in a sentence take the before it. E.g. The postman has just put a letter under the door the letter is your brother. When adjective is quality is used to show quality of a person then it is used. E.g. Ram is a good boy.

12 13 14 15 16 17

18 19 20 21 22

Adjective of category used A/An before it. E.g. 1942 is a love story. Ram is an O.B.C candidate. Adjective of purpose also take article A/an E.g. A face cream Adjective of age & stage also takes article A/An. E.g. A young man. Adjective is made with a material noun or a common noun takes article A/An. E.g. A village doctor, A golden watch. When what/how/such/too/so/this/that is used to show surprise & wonder then it is used just before it. E.g. Our opinion is the venue is too small to accommodate such the/a large no. of candidate. BAD DECISION GREATDEAL MISTAKE GOOD MANY FIRE JOURNEY PHONE CALL LOT OF PROFIT HOARY NOISE DEBT BATH WORK WORD NAP LIE HEDACHE These words take A/An before it. E.g. Dont make a noise because I have a headache. Amount Attempt Effort Exercise Excuse Exemption Offer These words take A/an just before it. E.g. He is taking an exercise. Kind of/ Sort of/number of takes A/an before it. E.g. This is a kind of parabola. A number of students are going to appear in cgl 2014. When little is use to show nominal quantity of something then it is used a/an When few is used to show small number of quantity then it is used. E.g. The doctor advised him to rest for a few days.

USE OF THE
1 2 3 4 5 6 The is use to specify the certain things. E.g. I know a/The doctor where are referred by hospital. When an adjective is used to show whole kind then it take the before it. E.g. The poor are backward. When kind/sort of is When number of is used to show countable noun then it take the before it. The number of student in class is 20. When few is used to show small certain quantity then it take the. E.g. I have cooked the small quantity of rice E.g. I have spent the few that my father was sent. Name of all FOREST DESERT COMMITTEE

CLUB INCIDENT SERIAL MAGZINE BRID BARRAGE SHEEP MOUNTAIN SERIES

FOREST

FESTIVAL DIRECTIONS CINEMA RELIGION INLAND POLTICAL PARTY LINEAGE OCEAN, VALLEY, BAY

HOLIDAY NOVEL MUSICAL INSTRUMENT SUBCAST CANAL, LAKE TRAIN PART OF BODY

FORCES INVENTION DRAMA NEWSPAPER CAST RIVER AIRCRAFT MOUNTAINPICK &

CLUB INCIDENT SERIAL MAGZINE BRID BARRAGE DESERT FESTIVAL DIRECTIONS

CINEMA RELIGION INLAND POLTICAL PARTY COMMITTEE HOLIDAY NOVEL MUSICAL INSTRUMENT SUBCAST CANAL FORCES INVENTION DRAMA NEWSPAPER CAST RIVER
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 VILLAGE STATE CITY MESSALES MUHALLA PIMPLES DISTRICT

OMMISION OF ARTICLE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
A FEW (NOTHING) A LITTLE NOTHING

POSSESIVE
DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVE

DISTRIBUTIVE ADJECTIVE HEAVEN/HELL PARADISE NAME OF GAME/ LITERATURE/ SUBJECT WEATHER/

DECLARE SELECT

APPOINT BECOME

CROWN MAKE

ELECT

13 14 15 16 17 18 19

When somebody made with fake cast & religion then it didnt take any article. E.g. Gandihijee was the Christian in his behave. School College Jail Prison Court hospital Bed Court Sun rise & Sun set didnt take article before it. When a common noun arrives before a proper noun then it didnt take an article. The prime minister Manmohan Singh. The noun that arrives after preposition, it didnt take article. E.g. The story was inspired by a chance meeting with an Algerian duke. What + a + Kind of/sort of

House

USE OF ADJECTIVE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 . 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
MUCH MANY SEVERAL SOME ANY OWN RESPECTIVE PLENTY OF
A NUMBER OF

FORMER LATTER FARTHER FURTHER ONE OTHER ANOTHER LAST LATEST MUTUAL COMMON ELDER OLDER NEAREST NEXT NEXT TO COOL COLD WARM HOT

Previous between two. E.g. of the two films in which stared I think first/ former is the better. After between two. E.g. Both Lalu & Naresh latter is called Balia Naresh. It is used to show far distance. E.g. The bus station is farther. It is use to show far time or future. E.g. Kindly note your new address and use it in all the Further communication. E.g. He by two pen, he gave me one E.g. I ask my aunt to bring two Paris of jeans one for me another other for my brother. I am waiting of for the news of another scam. E.g. What is last/latest score of the match was being played between India & Pakistan? New arrival E.g. What is last/latest score of the match is being played between India & Pakistan? It is use between two. E.g. Husband & wife are mutual assistance to each other. It is used among more than two. E.g. Dropati was common wife of pandavas. It is used to show closest. E.g. Which is the nearest metro station? It is used to show next thing that is in touch. E.g. Mohan & Sohan is next by to post office

WHOLE BOTH ALL

ORAL VERBAL WRITTEN

FOREMST FIRST VERY CERTAIN