Calculator for earth fault currents when distribution network contains overhead line sections

Distribution Substation Section 1 Length of Section

Resistance Reactance

dd Section 2

Primary Substation dd Section 3 Section 4 Section 5

Date

12.12.2011

0m
0.000 Ohms 0.000 Ohms

0m
0.000 Ohms 0.000 Ohms

0m
0.000 Ohms 0.000 Ohms

0m
0.000 Ohms 0.000 Ohms

0m
0.000 Ohms 0.000 Ohms

Total Circuit Impedance 0.000 Ohms 0.000 Ohms

Primary Substation

11kV circuit total impedances

Ground-Mounted Secondary S/S

Phase To Earth Voltage Fault Position

6350 Volts NER T1 6.35 Ohms NER T2 6.35 Ohms NER T1 + T2 3.18 Ohms EPR at Secondary S/S 5168 Volts Hot Site Overall Earth Resistance at Secondary S/S (incl remote earths) 14.76 Ohms

EPR of Primary 70 Volts Primary Earth Grid Resistance 0.20 Ohms

Total Ground Earth Return Current 350 Amps

Distribution Substation

dd

Primary Substation dd

Date

12.12.2011

11kV Distribution Earth System Arrangement

Measured Soil Resistivity Standard substation earth arrangement with Expected resistance of new S/stn grid Total Ground return current Expected current into local S/S earth grid No of connected pole boxes No. of additional ground mounted s/stns Resistance of customer's electrode if known Overall Earth Resistance (incl remote earths) 100 1.2 14.76 350 350 0 0 0 14.76 ohm-metres m rods on each corner ohms Amps Amps assuming each is assuming each is ohms (leave blank if unknown) ohms 10 20 ohms ohms

Assessment of Earth Grid Impedance including vertical earth rods

Input Parameters Soil Resistivity Length of Earth Grid Width of Earth Grid Total Length of Horizontal Buried Conductor Length of individual rods Diameter of rods Number of rods around grid periphery Separation between consecutive rods k Factor (from S34 fig18- see attached chart) Width of Earth Tape Equations Area of earth grid (A) Equivalent Radius for Area of Grid (rad) Resistance of Earth Grid (Rgrid) Resistance of a single rod (Rrod) A: = Lgrid x Wgrid
rad := A p

Warning some data is copied from another sheet r Lgrid Wgrid C Lrod d N a k Wtape 100 3.5 3.5 14 1.2 14 4 3.5 2.64 12 Wm m m m m mm Rgrid: = m mm 19.803 W

Rgrid :=
Rrod :=

r 4 rad r

r L
ln 8 Lrod
d 1000

2 p Lrod

- 1

Rcombined :=

14.762 W

Assessment of Earth Grid Impedance including vertical earth rods

Radius of equivalent hemisphere for a single earth rod (rh) Intermediate factor (a) Resistance of group or rods in a hollow square (Rgroup) Equivalent cylindrical radius of earth tape (b) Mutual resistance of earth grid and rods (Rmut) Combined resistance of earth grid and rods (Rcombined) Results A: = rad: = Rgrid: = Rrod := rh: = Rgroup := Rmut := Rcombined := 12.25 2.0 19.80 73.35 0.22 21.34 9.00 14.76 m m W W m W W W
2

rh :=
a := Rgroup :=

r 2 p Rrod
rh A Rrod N ( 1 + k a )

b :=

Wtape 1000p
r p C

Rmut := Rgrid Rcombined :=

ln

Lrod - 1 b
2

Rgrid Rgroup - Rmut

Rgrid + Rgroup - 2 Rmut

Area of grid Equivalent radius earth grid Resistance of grid only Resistance of a single rod Equivalent radius of hemisphere for single earth rod Resistance of group of rods around perimeter of earth grid Mutual resistance of rods and grid Combined resistance of earth grid AND rods

Based on S34 Table 1 (pg20) Columns 5,6 & 7