CONDITIONAL SENTENCES EXERCISES: 1.- Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: a. If it ...............

(rain), none of us will go out. b. We (not/go) to that show even if it were free. c. If the Smiths get rid of their old piano, they (offer) it to me first. d. She would have gone to college if it . (be) possible. e. If they can get their parents consent, they . (get married) before the end of the year. f. If you (see) his clothes, you d never believe he was so rich. g. I shouldn!t drin" that wine if I ................. (be) you . h. I!d climb over the wall if there ................. (not/be) so much bro"en glass on top of it. i. #e would spend a lot of money on clothes if he .. (can) afford it. $. If I .. (smo"e) less, my sore throat would get better. 2.- Ans er the !uestions in the sa"e a# as in sentence 1. %. Someone describes you as &miserly'. (re you pleased or annoyed) If someone described me as miserly I would be annoyed. *. Someone describes you as &witty'. (re you flattered or insulted) +. In a restaurant you order &lee"'. ,o you drin" it or eat it) -. .here s a &lea"' in your bathroom. ,o you call the plumber or a carpenter) /. 0ou buy a &badge'. ,o you put it on your finger or on your $ac"et) 1. 0ou have a &budgie' as a pet. ,o you "eep it in a tan" or a cage) 2. Someone gives you a pair of &mittens'. ,o you wear them or give them some mil") 3. 0ou have to change a wheel on your car. ,o you need a &saw' or a &spanner') $.- %ete&& the stor# be&o 456 usin' con(itiona& sentences:

If 7eter s alarm cloc" had wor"ed, he wouldn t have wo"en up late. If he hadn t wo"en up late, he wouldn t have been late for wor".

7eter s alarm cloc" didn t wor". #e wo"e up late. #e was late for wor". #is boss was annoyed. #is boss criticised him. #e made a sarcastic remar". #e was dismissed. ).-Chan'e the *o&&o in' t#+e 1 into t#+e 2 an( t#+e $ con(itiona& sentences. %. If I get lost, I ll as" a policeman to help me find the way. *. I ll come to see you if I have time. +. If they are more tolerant towards each other, they will 8uarrel less. -. If we have a better teacher, we ll learn more. /. 0ou ll find the answers to your 8uestions if you read this essay. ,. -ake sentences ith I. hich have the sa"e "eanin' as the sentences be&o . %. 9ie down for a few minutes and you ll feel better. *. ,rive more carefully or you ll cause an accident. +. .he money had better arrive before .hursday, otherwise there ll be trouble. -. In my opinion you ought to rest for a few days. /. I dream of winning a lottery in order to buy a large car. 1. :im fell down the stairs, so he couldn t play football yesterday, but if . 2. .ina was unhappy because .om didn t go to the party 3. .he baby wasn t fed on time, now he s crying. ;. I ate too much last night. I feel ill now. /. CO-PLETE T0ESE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES IN AN1 2A1 APP%OP%IATE. %. #ad I "nown you were angry with me, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, *. #e ll receive it tomorrow . +. She will feel much better . -. . if it s cheap enough. /. If the ship has arrived punctually, . 1. <nless we lose your way, 2. If it weren t for the wrong advice they gave me, ..

3. I would never have done such a thing OT%AS .O%-AS DE E3P%ESA% LA CONDICI4N 15 S6PPOSE 7 S6PPOSIN8

Se puede emplear tambi=n suppose o supposing en lugar de if, sobre todo en condiciones improbables. 456 25 Suppose/Supposing you won a lot of money, what would you do) AS LON8 AS 9 SO LON8 AS 9 ON :T0E5 CONDITION T0AT 9 P%O;IDED :T0AT5 9 P%O;IDIN8 :T0AT5

<samos estas e5presiones para e5presar una idea muy fuerte de limitaci>n. Siguen la forma de los tres condicionales. Se emplean con el significado de if but only if. 9a traducci>n de todas ellas podr?a ser6 SIEMPRE QUE, CON TAL QUE, A CONDICIN DE QUE + subjuntivo 456 I ll go to the party as long as you go too. She agreed to come on (the) condition that she could bring her pet. #e could have recovered provided (that) he had followed the doctor s orders. 6NLESS

$5

Se suele emplear en lugar de i* not 4n espa@ol se traduce por ( A4BCS D<4, SI BC (E e5cept if) Feneralmente indica una e5cepci>n a lo 8ue se dice. Guando se usa unless, no se usa i* not. 456 )5 We ll be late unless we hurry (E e5cept if we hurry) We won t go out unless it stops raining (E if it doesn t stop raining) CONDITIONAL IN;E%SION

Guando tenemos W ! " #$% y S#&'(% en una oraci>n condicional, podemos omitir I) e invertir el orden del su$eto y el verbo. Gompara6 If we have enough time, we ll visit Hobert E Should we have enough time, we ll visit Hobert If I were president, . E Were I president, If I had "nown the answer, E #ad I "nown the answer, ,5 A. IN CASE Se usa con presente o pasado para indicar una condici>n 8ue puede ocurrir o no. In case se refiere a cosas 8ue hacemos por adelantado para estar preparados para algo. 456 .a"e an umbrella in case it rains. Bota6 9a oraci>n con in case da la raI>n o e5plicaci>n de la oraci>n principal. 9a idea de la oraci>n permanece verdadera y no depende de la oraci>n subordinada introducida por in case. 7or tanto la estructura no e5presa una condici>n verdadera. 456 She brought her swimming costume in case the hotel had a pool. (por8ue pensaba 8ue el hotel podr?a tener piscina) <. In case o* J no"bre E If there is a / an 456 In case of accident, notify the police. /5 OT0E%2ISE

<na condici>n puede a veces entenderse aun8ue no se manifieste. Other ise aparece en lugar de la oraci>n condicional. Su traducci>n podr?a ser6 DE LO CONTRARIO. 456 0ou d better hurry. &therwise, you ll be late for your appointment. (CtherwiseE if you don t

hurry)

I 2IS0 1. DESEOS SO<%E EL P%ESENTE 1 EL .6T6%O () 2ish e5presa pesar por8ue las cosas no son de la forma 8ue al 8ue habla le gustar?a 8ue fueran. 4n espa@ol se suele traducir por6 C:(9K D<4 456 I wish I *new nglish better L) 2ish va seguido de pasado simple (aun8ue normalmente se refiere al presente o al futuro) 456 I wish they !"! here now. (It+s raining) I wish I #$% an umbrella She wishes she %i%n&t have so many e5ams

G) 4n ingl=s formal el verbo to be aparece siempre con la forma ere como ocurre en el segundo condicional. 456 #e wishes he were younger. (Bo es tan $oven como 8uisiera) ,) 2ish = ou&( suele e5presar desagrado o 8ue$a sobre la situaci>n presente. S>lo puede usarse cuando hay dos su$etos diferentes. 456 She seldom writes. I wish s#! would write more often 9a idea es como si el segundo su$eto se empe@ara en no hacer lo 8ue el primero desea 2. DESEO7LA-ENTO CON %ESPECTO AL PASADO (. 9a estructura ish = ha( = +artici+io +asa(o se emplea para lamentarnos de un hecho en el pasado, es decir, alFo 8ue nos hubiera gustado 8ue ocurriera pero 8ue no ocurri>. 456 I m sorry that I didn t "now ,iana s phone number and couldn t invite her to the party. I wish I had *nown her phone number. L. 4l modal 8ue se puede emplear en esta estructura es could , have , participio pasado. 456 I wish she could have come (C$alM hubiese podido venir, siento 8ue no viniera) I. ONL1 4s e8uivalente a I ish. Se emplea para sugerir un deseo o pesar mMs fuerte sobre el presente o el pasado. Na seguido de pasado simple o pasado perfecto, o would J raiI del verbo. 456 If only he were here. (Si al menos estuviera a8u?) If only we hadn+t ta*en the bus" we would have arrived earlier. If only he would stop tal*ing. (Si al menos de$ara de hablar)

E3E%CISES: 1. >OIN T0E CLA6SES IN COL6-N A 2IT0 T0OSE IN COL6-N < TO -A?E @ LO8ICAL SENTENCES: A < %. (s long as it s not raining a) you should be all right in a few days. *. <nless you have more practice b) we wouldn t have got the message. +. If I hadn t telephoned c) the match would have been cancelled. -. If I were stronger d) I wouldn t have gone to bed early. /. 4ven if she apologised e) you won t pass the driving test. 1. If the weather had been wet f) I would never invite her again. 2. If I hadn t been so tired g) we ll go out for a wal". 3. 7rovided that you rest h) I would carry it myself. 2. C0AN8E T0E SENTENCES 6SIN8 6NLESS. %. If we don t leave now, we ll miss the start of the film. *. 0our cough won t get better if you don t stop smo"ing. +. If she doesn t give me her address, I can t write to her. -. #e won t receive the letter tomorrow if you don t post it before % o cloc" today. /. Larbara usually wal"s to wor" if no one gives her a lift. $. C0OOSE T0E %I80T OPTION. %. Un'!ss ( P"ovi%!% you tell the truth, everything will be all right. *. In Lritain you can marry at the age of si5teen un'!ss ( )"ovi%in* you have your parents permission. +. #e won t forgive you un'!ss ( $s 'on* $s you say you re sorry. -. Un'!ss ( P"ovi%in* you lend me the money, I won t be able to go on holiday. /. I ll buy the car un&ess ( $s 'on* $s it s not too e5pensive. ). %E2%ITE AS INDICATED: %. .hey won the competition because they had a great coach. (hadn t) *. She isn t tallO that s why she can t reach that shelf. (taller) +. I thin" I ll arrive at the meeting on time, but if I am late, please start without me. (should) -. If he fails the e5am, he can always ta"e it again. (should) /. If I had signed the contract last year I would have saved a lot of money in ta5es. (inversion) ,. CO%%ECT T0E -ISTA?ES: %. If I would be in his place, I would do it differently. *. I wish that you ll be with us soon. +. <nless their plans changed, they ll wait for us at the station. -. I would have called you if I d have had a mobile phone. /. %E2%ITE T0E SENTENCES 2IT0 T0E 2O%DS IN <%AC?ETS: %. 0ou can t leave home if you don t tell me where you re going. (unless)

*. +. -. /. 1. 2. 3.

0ou can go to the party only if you have been invited. (provided that) I m really sorry I can t come with you to the theatre tonight. (wish) What a shame we were unable to meet your brother when we were n 4ngland. (if only) #ad the government acted earlier, the present crisis could have been avoided. (if) Should the flight be delayed, passengers will be informed immediately. (if) Lob may attend the seminar this wee". #e ll only go if Aary goes too. (as long as) It was possible that I would forget the name of the street, so I wrote it down. (in case)

A. CO-PLETE T0E .OLLO2IN8 SENTENCES: %. She slept ne5t to the baby in case . *. I ll lend you the car on condition that +. .he sun wouldn t have damaged your s"in provided that .. -. 0ou will lose weight as long as /. .a"e my phone number in case . 1. I wish you

IF CLAUSE TYPE 1 - Present simple - Present continuous - Present perfect Examples: If he runs, he'll get there on time. If you are looking for Peter, you'll find him upstairs. If he has written the letter, I'll post it. TYPE 2 - Past simple - Past continuous Examples: If I had a map, I would lend it to you. If my car were working, I would drive you home. TYPE & - Past per#e't - Past perfect continuous (had!"een!#erund)

MAIN CLAUSE - WILL Future - Modal auxiliary (may, can, must, should) - Imperative - Expression of request Examples: If your documents are in order, you can leave. If you want to lose weight, eat less bread. If you see Tom later, could you ask him to ring me? - Conditional simple !ould " in#initi$e% - Conditional continuous ( ould ! "e ! #erund) - Past simple (expressin# a past ha"it) Examples: If I were on holiday, I would be visiting Italy. If anyone interrupted him, he got very angry. - Conditional per#e't !ould"(a$e"past parti'iple% - Could$mi#ht ! have ! past participle - Conditional perfect continuous ( ould!have!"een!#erund) Examples: If I had found him earlier, I might have saved his life. e would have been sitting on a comfortable chair if he had worked harder at school.

Examples: If I hadn't been so tired, I would have gone out. If they had not been wearing a seat belt, they would have been seriously injured.

IF CLAUSE TYPE 1 - Present simple - Present continuous - Present perfect Examples: If he runs, he'll get there on time. If you are looking for Peter, you'll find him upstairs. If he has written the letter, I'll post it. TYPE 2 - Past simple

MAIN CLAUSE - WILL Future - Modal auxiliary (may, can, must, should) - Imperative - Expression of request Examples: If your documents are in order, you can leave. If you want to lose weight, eat less bread. If you see Tom later, could you ask him to ring me? - Conditional simple !ould " in#initi$e%

- Past continuous Examples: If I had a map, I would lend it to you. If my car were working, I would drive you home. TYPE & - Past per#e't - Past perfect continuous (had!"een!#erund)

- Conditional continuous ( ould ! "e ! #erund) - Past simple (expressin# a past ha"it) Examples: If I were on holiday, I would be visiting Italy. If anyone interrupted him, he got very angry. - Conditional per#e't !ould"(a$e"past parti'iple% - Could$mi#ht ! have ! past participle - Conditional perfect continuous ( ould!have!"een!#erund) Examples: If I had found him earlier, I might have saved his life. e would have been sitting on a comfortable chair if he had worked harder at school.

Examples: If I hadn't been so tired, I would have gone out. If they had not been wearing a seat belt, they would have been seriously injured.