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Energy conservation means, the need is to use energy efficiently and effectively.

Energy Audit is a technical survey of a plant in which the machine/section wise/ department wise pattern of energy consumption studied and attempts to balance the total energy input correlating with production. As a result of the study the areas where the energy is wastefully used and the improvements are felt, are identified and corrective measures are recommended so that the overall plant efficiency could be improved.Fundamental understanding of the process is essential if we are to improve the overall efficiency of the system. In this work an energy audit of 250MW Power Plant (Coal based) is presented at different loads. In thermal power station approximately 90% of the fuel i.e. Coal alone. In my work the overall plant efficiency observed 33.67% (210MW), 35.89% (232MW) and 36.74% (250MW). The component efficiencies found 85.23% (Boiler), 41.19% (Turbo-Gen.) and 53.33% (condenser) at full load.

1. Introduction
Energy Audit: An energy audit is a technique for identifying energy losses, quantifying them, estimating conservation potential, evolving technological options for conservation and evaluating techno economics for the measures suggested e.g. Assist industries in reducing their energy consumption, To promote energy-efficient technologies among industry sectors, Disseminate information on energy efficiency through training programs and workshops, To promote transfer of energy-efficient and environmental-sound technologies to the industrial sectors in the context of climate change. Energy Audit Technique: The energy audit evaluates the efficiency of all process equipment/systems that require energy. The energy auditor begins at the utility meters, locating all energy sources coming into a facility. The auditor then identifies energy streams for each fuel, quantifies those energy streams into discrete functions, evaluates the efficiency of each of those functions, and identifies energy and cost savings opportunities. Total System Audit: This approach analysis the total system by detailed analysis as the total energy data is entered in a master database file. This contains design data and also the observed data. This approach gives the energy performance of the total system and identifies areas of improvements on energy cost or energy quantity basis. This method requires rigorous data entry and analysis. Problem Formulation In PTPS, Panipat 250 MW units is consideration for energy Audit for Energy Audit and Efficiencies of main subunits as like Boiler, Turbine and generator, Condenser & Heater are calculated and compared are different loads which highlights in PTPS 250 MW units energy efficiency has to be improved to survive in Global Market.

2. Working Cycle of Typical Coal Fired Power Station


Layout shows a Coal Fired Power Station. Its main raw material is Coal, air and Water. The Coal brought to the station by trains or by the other means & this travels from Coal handling plant by conveyor belt to the coalbunkers, from where it is fed to the Pulverizing Mills, which grind it as fine as face as face powder. The finely powdered coal mixed with pre-heated air, is then blown into the Boiler by a fan called Primary Air Fan where it burns, more like a gas than as a solid in the conventional domestic or industrial grate, with additional amount of air called secondary air supplied by a Forced Draft Fan.As the coal has been ground, finely the resultant ash is also a fine powder. Some

of it binds together to from lumps, which fall into the ash pits at the bottom of furnace. The water-quenched ash from the bottom of furnace is conveyed to pits subsequent disposal or sale. Most of ash, still in fine particles form is carried out of the boiler to the Precipitators as dust, The dust is then conveyed by water to disposal areas or to Bunkers for sale while the cleaned flue gases pass on through Induced Draft Fan to be discharged up the Chimney.

Description S.I. HPT S.O. HPT& I Re-heater S.O. Re-heat & I. IPT S.O. IPT & I. LPT 6th Extraction HPT & I. HPH6

Press 150 38 38 8 38

Temp 540 340 540 340 340

Flow 782 710 710 630 70

Enthalpy 3414.6 2574.6 3414.6 2574.6 2574.6

Entropy 741.73 507.77 673.43 450.56 50.06

Data Analysis Data Analysis of plant at 250 MW Boiler Section Inlet in Boiler (i) At (40) Coal = 120T/hr = 120 x 1000/3600 =33.33 Kg. /Sec. Calorific Value = (C.V) of Coal = 4860 K Cal/Kg Energy = 4860 x 33.33 x 4.2/1000= 680.33 MW (ii) At (2) Energy = 507.77 MW (iii) At (24) Energy = 472.26 MW Outlet from Boiler (iv) At (1) Energy = 741.73 MW (v) At (3) Energy = 673.44 MW (vi) Flue Gases Total Inlet = (i) + (ii) + (iii) = 680.33 + 507.77 +472.26 = 1660.36 MW Total Outlet = (iv) + (v) + (vi) = 741.73 + 673.44 + 0 = 1415.17 MW Loss in Boiler = Inlet Outlet = 1660.36 1415.17 = 245.19 MW Efficiency of Boiler = 1415.17 x 100/ 1660.36 = 85.23 % Section Turbine & Gen. (i) HPT Inlet (1) = 741.73 MW Outlet (2) + (5) = 567.77 + 50.06 = 557.83 MW Net Energy at HPT= 741.73 557.83 = 183.9 MW (ii) IPT Inlet (3) = 673.44 MW Outlet (4) + (7) = 450.55+37.73 = 488.28 MW Net Energy at IPT= 673.44 488.28 = 185,12 MW (iii) LPT Inlet (4) = 450.56 MW Outlet (9) + (11) + (13) = 17.71+12.47 +12.12 = 42.3 MW Net Energy at LPT = 450.56 42.3 = 408.26 MW Net Input at Turbine (HPT, IPT & LPT) = 183.9 + 185,12 + 408.26 = 607 MW Efficiency of Turbo Generator = 250 x 100/ 607 = 41.19 % Section Condenser: Actual Cooling Water Temp rise Condenser Efficiency = -----------------------------------------Max Possible Temp. Rise (T42 T41) (38 30) = ----------------- x100 = -------------- x 100 = 53.33 % T15 T41 45 30 Overall station efficiency Output of Station = ----------------------- x 100 Input of Station

Energy sent out (KW) ----------------------------------------------------------------------Fuel burnt (Kg) x Calorific value of fuel (K Cal/kg)

Fuel burnt (Coal) = 120 T/ Hr = 33.33 Kg/Sec C.V = 4860 K Cal/kg = 4860 x 4.2 = 20412 KW Heat Input =20412 x 33.33/10 = 680.33 MW Overall Efficiency of Plant = 250 x 100/680.33 = 36.74 % Data Analysis for Table No.-1 (250 MW) Sr. No. 01 Pressure =150 Kg/cm Temperature =540 C = 813 K Flow =782 T/Hr. =782 x 1000/3600 =217.22 Kg/sec Enthalpy (CpxT) =4.2 x 813 =3414.6 KJ/Kg Energy =217.22 x 3414.6/1000 =741.73 MW

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