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Midterm Review
1. What are the fields of environmental science? Biology, Chemisty/physics, Earth Science, Social Sciences 2. What are the three major categories of environmental pro lems? !oll"tion, loss of reso"rces, loss of iodiversity #. When did h"man pop"lation gro$ rapidly? %nd"strial &evol"tion '. (o$ did h"nter)gathers change their environment? *verh"nted) led to e+tinction ,. -eveloped co"ntries often have. Wealth, more poll"tion, ig ecological footprint, slo$er pop"lation gro$th. /. What are rene$a le reso"rces? %t can e replaced. Water, $ind, solar energy. 0. What is an ecological footprint? 1rea of Earth that s"pports the lifestyle of 1 person in a co"ntry 2acres3 4. What is loss of iodiversity? 5osing the variation of species of living things 6. What is the la$ of s"pply and demand? 7he higher the demand, "t the lo$er the s"pply it8s $orth more 2oil3 19. (o$ did the ind"strial revol"tion change society? 7echnology, cities, jo s, rapid increase in pop"lation, !*55:7%*; 11. What is artificial selection? E+. -og reeding, reeding $ith (:<1; interference 12. What is nat"ral selection? S"rvival of the =ittest ;at"re decides $hich traits are strong and $ill s"rvive. 1#. What is a ha itat? Where something lives 1'. What is a comm"nity? -ifferent species living in the same environment 1,. What is an ecosystem? >ive an e+ample. 5iving and non)living factors? forest, each, cities 1/. What is coevol"tion? 7$o organisms change together, evolve together

C*@ together, EA*5AE@ change E+B h"mming ird and flo$er 10. 5ist the # gro"pings of plants. 7rees >rass =lo$ers 14. (o$ do angiosperms reprod"ce? =lo$ers eing pollinated and =r"it 2aid in seed dispersal3 16. What are a iotic factors? E+amples. ;on) living E+B rocCs, s"nlight, $ater, soil, air, temp 1@ non Bio@ living 29. What are iotic factors? E+amples. 5iving and once living organisms. Birds, lions, trees, grass, "gs, hair 21. What do deep ocean acteria "se to maCe food? (ydrogen s"lfide? chemotrophs 22. What is a her ivore? E+amples. Cons"mers that eat prod"cers. Co$, horse, giraffe 2#. What is a prod"cer? E+amples? *rganism prod"ces their o$n food. !lants, algae. 2'. What is a carnivore? Cons"mer that eats only other cons"mers. E+B 5ion 2,. Cell"lar respiration reD"ires $hat to occ"r? S"gar E o+ygen 2/. !hotosynthesis reD"ires $hat to occ"r? Water E s"nlight E Car on -io+ide 20. !arasitism is. *ne organism enefits, the other is harmed 2E,)3B parasite Cills slo$ly E+B tape$orm 24. <"t"alism is. Both organisms enefit 2E,E3 E+B acteria in h"man intestines. 26. Commensalism is. *ne organism enefits, and the other is "naffected 2E, *3 E+B *rchid and tree #9. !redation is. *ne organism enefits, and the other organism is harmed 2E,)3B Cills immediately E+B 5ion preys on Fe ras

#1. -irect competition is. 7$o organisms are fighting for $hat the same reso"rces 1lligator and a lion fighting for a Fe ra #2. %ndirect competition is. 2 organisms are competing "t never come into contact *ne h"nts at night, one h"nts d"ring the day *$l and snaCe eat mice at different times of day ##. !op"lations are. S1<E species in a specific area #'. >ive t$o pop"lation e+amples. ("mans in ;G, He ra in 1frica, -eer in <ontana, -eer in ;I #,. !op"lations gro$th is affected y ? 5imiting factorsB -ensity %ndependent 2nat"ral disaster3 and -ensity -ependent 2=ood, reso"rces, predation3 #/. (o$ do yo" find pop"lation gro$th? Births J -eaths@ >ro$th &ate #0. E+ponential gro$th occ"rs $hen 1 lot of reso"rces, little or no predators or competition I shaped c"rve #4. What happens $hen predator2h"nter3 pop"lation increases, to the prey pop"lation? -ecrease #6. <igration is. %ndivid"als move from one place another %mmigrationB %; EmigrationB E+it '9. -emographers st"dy. ("man !op"lations '1. (o$ do yo" determine the density of a pop"lation ? ;"m er of individ"als in a given area -ispersionB is ho$ individ"als are spread o"tB random, even, cl"mped '2. S"staina ility is. Eno"gh reso"rces for a species to s"rvive indefinitely '#. 5ist three things that affect irthrates. =ertility rate, do the offspring s"rvive, disease, female pop"lation, ed"cation