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INTRODUCTION

Project Proposal The Project Railway Reservation deals with the automation of the reservation and enquiry of the railway reservation system. It maintains all information starting from reservation to cancellation of tickets. It also acts as an enquiry system about the different trains available. It gives the details of the distance arrival time and de!arture time of the

different trains. The com!uteri"ation is aimed at job sim!lification and reducing the manual work and effective record maintenance.

FEASIBILITY STUDY
$easibility is the determination of whether or not a !roject is worth doing the !rocess followed making this determination is called feasibility study. This of determines if a !roject can and should be taken. %nce it has been determined that a !roject is feasible the analyst can go ahead and !re!are the !roject s!ecification which finali"es !roject requirements. &enerally feasibility studies are undertaken within right time constraints and normally culminate in a written and oral feasibility re!ort. The contents and recommendations of such a study will be used as a sound basis for deciding whether to !roceed !ost!one or cancel the !roject. Thus since the feasibility study may lead to the commitment of large resources it becomes necessary that it should be conducted com!etently and that no fundamental and that no fundamental errors of judgment are made. 'n initial investigation culminates in a !ro!osal that determines whether a system is feasible or not. It determines its workability im!act on the organi"ation ability to meet user needs and effective user resources. The objective of feasibility study is not solving the !roblem but to acquire a sense of its sco!e. (uring the study the !roblem definition is crystalli"ed and as!ects of the !roblem to be included in the system are determined. )onsequently cost and benefits are estimated with greater accuracy at this stage. This is a bridge in between the *ser Requirements and the out!ut that he can avail under a set of given constraints in!uts and out!uts. The main ste!s are+ 1. ,tatement of constraints. 2. Identification of s!ecific system objectives. 3. (escri!tion of out!uts.

%nce the constraints are s!elled out the analyst identifies the system.s s!ecific !erformance objectives which are the candidate system.s antici!ated benefits and measurable objectives. Increased vessel utili"ation. Real handshake between client and customer. Im!roved transshi!ment routes. )ost savings. /ase account management. Im!roved customer service. $easibility study is a high level version of the entire system analysis and design a !rocess. The !ur!ose of the feasibility is not to solve the !roblem but to determine if the !roblem is worth solving. It is conduct !erformance is defined by the identification of s!ecific system objects and descri!tive of out!ut. There are following ty!es of inter+related feasibility. They are0 Technical $easibility. 1conomic $easibility %r )ost $easibility. %!erational $easibility %r Time $easibility.

TEC NICAL FEASIBILITY


De!"#"t"o# $ The !rocess of !roving that the conce!t is technically
!ossible.

O%ject"&e $ The objective of the Technical $easibility ste! is to confirm


that the !roduct will !erform and to verify that there are no !roduction barriers.

Pro'(ct $ The !roduct of this activity is a working model. Tec)#"cal Act"&"t"es $ (uring the Technical $easibility ste! the
following must be com!leted0 Test for technical feasibility3 14amine the o!erational requirements3 Identify !otential safety and environmental ha"ards3 )onduct a !reliminary !roduction feasibility assessment3 )onduct a !reliminary manufacturing assessment3 1stimate engineering !rototy!e costs3

Tec)#"cal I#!or*at"o# $ The technical feasibility ste! generates


knowledge about the !roduct or !rocess5s design !erformance !roduction requirements and !reliminary !roduction costs. This is concerned with s!ecifying equi!ment and software and hardware that will successfully satisfy the user requirement. The technical needs off the system may vary considerably but might include0

The facility to !roduce out!ut in a given time. Res!onse time under certain conditions. 'bility to !rocess a certain volume of transaction at a !articular s!eed. $acility to communicate data to distant location. In e4amining technical feasibility configuration of the system is given more im!ortance than the actual make of hardware. The configuration should give the com!lete !icture about the system requirements. 7hat s!eeds of in!ut and out!ut should be achieved at !articular quality of !rinting. 'ccording to the definition of technical feasibility the com!atibility between front+end and back+end is very im!ortant. In our !roject the com!atibility of both is very good. The degree of com!atibility of 8isual /asic and 9s+ 'ccess : $o4!ro is very good. The s!eed of out !ut is very good when we enter the data and click button then the res!onse time is very fast and give result very quickset. I never find difficulty when we use com!le4 query or heavy transaction. The s!eed of transaction is always smooth and constant. This software !rovides facility to communicate data to distant location. 7e use 8isual /asic the designing of front+end of any !roject is very im!ortant so we select 8isual /asic as front+end due to following reason0 1asy im!lementation of code. 7ell define interface with database. 7ell define hand shaking of 9,+'ccess. 1asy debugging. It center.s around the e4isting com!uter system ;<ardware : ,oftware= and to what e4tent it can su!!ort the !ro!osed system. The necessary hardware and software tools available in the organi"ation and the software recommended su!!ort the system objects.
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Technical feasibility is based on three questions 0 +1$, Is the !ro!osed technology or solution !ractical? +2$, (oes the organi"ation currently uses the necessary technology? +3$, (oes the organi"ation have necessary technically e4!ertise? &enerally the technology for any defined solution is available. The question which should be consider is whether that technology is mature enough to be easily a!!lied to the !roblem. 7e can say that the technical feasibility the analyst must find out whether current technology resources which are available in the organi"ation are ca!able of handling the user requirement.

ECONO-IC FEASIBILITY
1conomic analysis is the most frequently used technique for evaluating the effectiveness of a !ro!osed system. 9ore commonly known as costAbenefit analysis0 the !rocedure is to determine the benefits and saving that are e4!ected from a !ro!osed system and com!are them with cost. if benefits outweighs cost a decision is taken to design and im!lement the system. %therwise further justification or alternative in the !ro!osed system will have to be made if it is to have a chance of being a!!roved. This is an ongoing effort that im!roves in accuracy at each !hase of the system life cycle. ,o total cost of the !ro!osed system is very chea!. <ence the organi"ation will not find any difficulty at the installation time and after installation user also newer find difficulty i.e. <ang slow s!eed or slow res!onse time. %ne !roject is com!ulsory for each student this !roject is either dummy or live. If I am develo!ing a live !roject then it gives a lot of confidence. It is better for me and for com!any because I am develo!ing a system with out any money. ,o every thing is in favor now I can say the cost of this software is I think negligible. <ence the economical feasibility is very good. 1conomic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the effectiveness of the !ro!osed system. This is an on going effort that im!roves in accuracy at each !hase of the system life cycle. 's the necessary software and hardware is available in the organi"ation. In the initial investment for !ro!osed system is nil. The !ro!osed system minimi"es the time and the effort of the data collection answering queries and generates re!orts which result significant saving of the o!erating cost. Thus the !ro!osed system is economically feasible. 1conomic or cost feasibility is the determination of the resources that are 0

9anagement time. Time s!end by system analyses team. )ost of doing full system study. 1stimated cost of hardware. 1stimated cost of software or software develo!ment.

OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY
*sers are inherently resistant to change and com!uters have been known to facilitate change. 'n estimate should be made of how strong a reaction the user is likely to towards the develo!ment of a new system. 's the !ro!osed system is user friendly !ackage with all visual aids the effort that goes into education and training the user is almost negligible. Therefore resistance to the !ro!osed system is nil. %!erational feasibility is the !roblem or acce!tability of the solution. There are two as!ects of the o!erational feasibility. If the !roblem worth solving or will the solution of the !roblem worth. 7hat to the end users : the management feal about the !roblem or solution. The following !oints are consider for the above issue D

1. Per!or*a#ce $, The should be able to !rovide adequate out!ut :


res!onse time.

2. I#!or*at"o# $, The system should generates timely accurate :


useful information for the managers : users.

3. Eco#o*. $, The system should !rovide service label : ca!acity to


reduce the cost of the business or increase the !rofit of the business.

/. Co#trol $, The system should have a !robigen for take control to


!rotect the system against fraud : should guarantee of the security of data : information.

0. E!!"c"e#c. $, The system should make the o!timum use of the


available resources including time minimum !rocess delay : other related activities.

1. Ser&"ces $, The system should !rovide desirable : reliable services


to those who request for it.

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-ODULE DESCRIPTIONS
The !ro!osed system5s design contains five modules0

EN+UIRY $
This functional module includes two entities + P',,1G&1R and $R%GT (1,H.

-ODIFICATION OF FARE RATES $


*nder a !assword !rotected module the booking officer is allowed to modify the fare rates of the trains for a !articular class ;reservation categories= for a !articular distance. This hel!s in maintaining or u!dating the new rates.

RESER2ATION $
This module includes booking of the ticket by any !assenger as !er the in!uts ;like station date of journey class of reservation etc.=. 'nd then after checking the availability and status of reservation tending !assenger a unique PGR Go. along with a reservation ticket with full details of journey vi". arrival de!arture etc. The booking officer has to collect either verbally or in written the !ersonal data of the !assenger;s= and then enters to the database. The !assenger is issued a PGR Go.

CANCELLATION $
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In )ancellation module the advance booking for a train by a !assenger is cancelled by on !assenger5s request. It requires only PGR Go. to enter. The com!uter+based system cancels the reservation by deleting the !assenger5s record and automatically adding a seat to the seats available field for that train or converting the waiting status of first a!!licant in waiting list to confirmed !assenger ;as !er which is a!!licable=.

PASS3ORD $
Password is allotted to the user in order to guard the system from unauthori"ed access at system5s level. It firstly checks for validity of old !assword. If is found valid the user is allowed to modify the safety data.

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PROBLE- ANALYSIS
To develo! software the first thing which comes in mind is that why we need to develo! software. 7hat are the !roblems faced by the user or staff to maintain manually their records so that they decided to com!uteri"ed their working. In Railway Reservation there are so many tasks which are tedious and time consuming. The !erson who maintain the reservation manually face so many !roblems like searching details of a booked tickets security !roblem is the main !roblem which is faced by the !erson that they maintain registers and any one can change details easily. ,o to solve these ty!es of !roblems we design a com!uteri"ed railway reservation system which is easy to o!erate and only authori"ed !erson can edit the information. Record entry and searching is not time consuming and fine is calculated automatically.

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RE+UIRE-ENT SPECIFICATIONS
7e choose our !roject to automate the Railway Reservation system. Railway reservation includes various tasks. 8isual basic is gra!hical user interface based language and using it the user knows the a!!earance of the out!ut. $or managing databases we used 9,+'ccess visual basic su!!ort 9,+ 'ccess for connecting databases using (ata )ontrol. In 9,+'ccess we can easily create tables queries and many more useful o!erations.

ANALYSIS $
7e collected data needed for the !roject by0 Personal interaction with staff members. $rom manuals. $rom information brochures. $rom catalogues. $rom Internet.

FACT FINDIN4 $
The requirement gathering is an art the !erson who gathers requirement should have knowledge of what : when together information : by what resources. The requirements are gather regarding organi"ation which include

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information regarding its !olicies objectives : organi"ation structure regarding user staff. It includes the information about job function : their !ersonal details regarding the functions of the organi"ation including information about workflow work schedules : working !rocedures. 'fter obtaining this background knowledge the analyst begins to collect data on the e4isting system.s out!uts in!uts and costs. The tools used in data collection are0 Record Reviews. %n+site observations. Interviews. Iuestionnaires.

1. Recor' Re&"e5s $, ' review of recorded documents of the


organi"ation is !erformed !rocedures manuals forms : book are reviewed to see format : functions of !resent system. The search time in this technique is more.

2. O#,s"te O%ser&at"o# $, In case of real life system the actual site


visit is !erformed to get a close look of system. It hel!s the analyst to detect the !roblems of e4isting system.

3. I#ter&"e5s $, ' !ersonal interaction with staff is !erformed to


identified their requirements. It requires e4!erience of arranging the interview setting the stage avoiding arguments : evaluating the outcome.

/. +(est"o##a"res $, It is an effective tool which requires less effort


: !roduces a written document about requirements. It e4amines a large number of res!ondents simultaneously : gets customi"ed answers. It gives !erson sufficient time to answer the query : give correct answers.

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In %n+site %bservation we find that the !erson who maintain railway reservation. In that system he faces so many !roblems. Jike <e maintains ticket details register and maintain registers for !assenger details reservation ticket issue and cancellation records. This may results error in calculations. This system is time consuming too. The main !roblem faced by !assengers is that the manual !rocess is very time consuming.

SOFT3ARE EN2IRON-ENT
8isual /asic is used as front end.

ISTORY OF 2ISUAL BASIC $


8isual /asic evolved from /',I) ;/eginner.s 'll+Pur!oses ,ymbolic Instruction )ode=. /asic was develo!ed in the mid+#E@F by Professor Kohn Hemeny and Thomas Hurt" of (artmouth )ollege as a language for writing sim!le !rograms. The wide s!read use of /asic with various ty!e com!uter and led to many enhancements to the language. 7ith develo!ments of the 9icrosoft 7indows &ra!hical *ser Interface ;&*I= in the late of #ECF.s and the early #EEF.s the natural evaluation of /',I) was 8isual /asic which was created by 9icrosoft )or!oration in #EE#.

AD2ANTA4ES 6 FEATURES OF 2ISUAL BASIC $


8isual /asic is a high level !rogramming language. /y going through 8isual /asic !rogramme one can easily understand the logic of the !rogramme and various ste!s involved in solving the define !roblem. 8isual /asic su!!orts %bject %riented Programming through which an !rogramme o!eration can be logically se!arated from each other. 8isual /asic Programs are easily readable and understandable because their statements are almost similar to the 1nglish Janguage ,tatements. 8isual /asic Programs are created in an Integrated (evelo!ment 1nvironment

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;I(1=. The I(1 allows the !rogrammer to create run and debug 8isual /asic Programme conveniently. 8isual /asic is the world.s most widely used Ra!id '!!lication (evelo!ment ;R'(=. It has inde4ing table handling multi!le !age re!ort and other s!ecial features which are general requirements of any !rogramming environment. 8isual /asic Programs can be com!iled to run as a stand+alone !ackage. 8I,*'J /',I) is one of the easiest !rogramming tool to master. 7ith some basic guidance anybody could come+u! with a nice little windows+ based !rogramme within a short time age is not the limit. <owever do not ever think that 8isual /asic can only build sim!le !rograms you could actually develo! very advance and !owerful a!!lications. Indeed 8isual /asic @.F even allows to develo! web a!!lications.

3 AT IS 2ISUAL BASIC $
The L8isualL !art refers to the method used to create the gra!hical user interface ;&*I=. Rather than writing numerous lines of code to describe the a!!earance and location of interface elements you sim!ly add rebuilt objects into !lace on screen. If you5ve ever used a drawing !rogram such as !aint you already have most of the skills necessary to create an effective user interface. The L/asicL !art refers to the /',I) ;/eginners 'll+Pur!ose ,ymbolic Instruction )ode= Janguage a language used by more !rogrammers than any other language in the history of com!uting. 8isual /asic has evolved from the original /',I) language and now contains several hundred statements functions and keywords many of which relate directly to the 7indows &*I. /eginners can create useful a!!lications by learning just a few of the keywords yet the !ower of the language allows !rofessionals to accom!lish anything that can be accom!lished using any other 7indows !rogramming language. The visual /asic !rogramming language is not unique to 8isual /asic. The 8isual /asic !rogramming system '!!lications 1dition included in 9icrosoft 14cel 9icrosoft access and many other 7indows a!!lications
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uses the same language and a subset of the 8isual /asic language the investment you make in learning 8isual /asic will carry over to these other areas.

-ICROSOFT ACCESS $
*sing 9icrosoft 'ccess you can manage all your information from a single database file. 7ithin the file you can use0 Tables to store your data. Iueries to find and retrieve just the data you want. $orms to view add and u!date data in tables. Re!orts to analy"e or !rint data in a s!ecific layout. (ata access !ages to view u!date or analy"e the database5s data from the Internet or an Intranet.

-ICROSOFT ACCESS PRO2IDES T E FOLLO3IN4 FEATURES $


,tore data once in one table but view it from multi!le locations. 7hen you u!date the data it5s automatically u!dated everywhere it a!!ears. (is!lay data in a query. (is!lay data in a form. (is!lay data in a re!ort. (is!lay data in a data access !age. In our a!!lication 9,+'ccess used as a back end.
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SYSTE- RE+UIRE-ENT SPECIFICATION


%nce the system analyst have identified the !recise user requirements and analy"ed these requirements to weed out inconsistencies they !roceed to write the document called the ,oftware Requirements ,!ecification ;,R,=. It is the final out!ut of the requirements analysis and s!ecification !hase. This document is generated as out!ut of requirement analysis. The requirement analysis involves obtaining a clear : through understanding of the !roduct to be develo!ed. Thus ,R, should be consistent correct unambiguous : com!lete document. The develo!er of the system can !re!are ,R, after detailed communication with the customer. 'n ,R, document should clearly document the following + 14ternal interfaces of the system they identify the information which is to flow $rom : To the ,ystem. $unctional : Gon $unctional Requirements of the system. (esign )onstraints of the system. ' ,R, should have characteristics like concise unambiguous consistent com!lete well structured etc. The ,R, outline is given below D

7"8

I#tro'(ct"o#

7a8 Pur!ose 7%8 ,co!e 7c8 (efinition 'cronyms


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7'8 References 7e8 %verview

7""8

Descr"pt"o#

7a8 Product Pers!ective 7%8 Product $unction 7c8 *ser )haracteristics 7'8 )onstraints 7e8 'ssum!tion : (e!endencies

7"""8 Spec"!"c Re9("re*e#ts


7a8 14ternal Interfaces 7%8 $unctional Requirements 7c8 Gon $unctional Requirements 7'8 (atabase Requirements 7e8 (esign )onstraints 7!8 ,oftware ,ystem 'ttributes 7:8 'dditional )omments

7"&8 S(pport"#: I#!or*at"o#


7a8 Table of )ontents : Inde4 7%8 '!!endi4es

BAC;4ROUND $
The basic objective behind the creation of this !roject was the innumerable !roblems faced by the users in managing database of Railway Reservation ,ystem. Gormally if someone decides to check the information of Railway Reservation of any year then heAshe face a lot of task for that. $or e4am!le *ser wants to know information of Railway Reservation of !articular subject in a !articular state then no !resent system that generate directly re!orts in this concern and we have collect information from different documents . The entire !rocess was very time consuming and monotonous.
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' system was needed which can overcome these !roblems and make the entire !rocess very sim!le.

O2ERALL DESCRIPTION $
This !roject is being develo!ed with the intention of fi4ing all the !roblems currently affecting the manual system. It contains all the im!ortant links to the various tasks or categories of to!ics related to manage Railway database. The !roject is an im!ortant resource for !eo!le who want studies about the Railway Reservation degree outturn in a different subjects and different field.s also state wise estimation. 7ith the hel! of this !roject user can collect details about doctoral degree the related tasks that they wants to !erform and that is all with just few clicks of mouse.

RE+UIRE-ENT ANALYSIS $
Requirement analysis is done in order to understand the !roblem which the software system is solve. The em!hasis is on identifying what is needed for the system and not how the system will achieve the same. %ften at least two !arties are involved in software develo!ment+' client and a develo!er. The develo!er has to develo! the system to satisfy the client.s needs. <ere is this case the !roblem is to automate an e4isting manual system. 'nalysis of e4isting system is done to identify the requirement of the client and interaction with the client and end user. /y studying the e4isting manuals and !rocedures new requirements are identified.

DE2ELOP-ENT 4UIDELINES $
The following as!ects are generally recogni"ed in the industry as the goals of software engineering which are ke!t in mind during develo!ment of software systems. 9odifiability 'ccuracy Reliability
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1fficiency ,im!licity $uture Proofing 9odularity ,calability Integrability

-o'"!"a%"l"t. $, The !ro!osed a!!lication must be structured to su!!ort


latter e4!ected modification !u!ation and cancellation resulting from change to the !erformance requirements desire out!uts.

Acc(rac. $, The e4tent to which the reimbursement system satisfies


its s!ecifications and fulfills user objectives.

Rel"a%"l"t. $, Reliability is the future free o!eration of software in a


s!ecified environment for a s!ecified time.

E!!"c"e#c. $, The amount of com!uting resources and code required


by the reimbursement management system are !erformed for its function. The efficiency of source code is directly tied to the efficiency of algorithms defined during detail design.

S"*pl"c"t. "# (se $, 'll !rograms used in this a!!lication should be


understood without difficulty.

F(t(re Proo!"#: $, The a!!lication should be able to incor!orate


further enhancements from Intranet to InternetA14tranet based on requirements technologies develo!ed and usability.

-o'(lar"t. $, The a!!licationAsystem should be designed as a


hierarchy of modules.

Scala%"l"t. $, The a!!lication should be scaleable to su!!ort any


number of users !rovided the hardware requirements are met.

I#te:ra%"l"t. $, The a!!lication should integrate with the e4isting


system that has direct relations.
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Usa%"l"t. $, The effort required for learning to o!erate the in!ut and
inter!reting the out!ut of an a!!lication.

-a"#ta"#a%"l"t. $, The effort required for learning o!erate !re!are


in!ut inter!ret out!ut and fi4 error in the software should be as minimum as !ossible.

Fle<"%"l"t. $, 9odification of this a!!lication should be done without


many efforts.

Testa%"l"t. $, The effort required in testing software that !erforms its


intend function should be minimum.

Porta%"l"t. $, The effort required in transferring the a!!lication from


one hardware to another should be minimum and the entire !rocess of doing the same as for as !ossible the same should be accom!lished through installation of !rogramsAinterfaces whether feasible.

Re(sa%"l"t. $, The function and structure are so created that a


!rogram ;i.e. both source code as well as com!lied com!onents= can be reused in other a!!lication.

Sec(r"t. $, The a!!lications should be secured from unauthori"ed


access or !hysical damage.

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SYSTE- DESI4N $
The design of the information system !roduce the detail that state how a system will meet the requirement identified during system analysis is often referred to as stage of logical design in contrast to the !rocess of develo!ing !rogram software which is referred to as !hysical design. ,ystem analysts being the !rocess by identifying re!orts the requirement and out!ut need by the system. Then the s!ecific data on each are !in!ointed. *sually designers sketch the form or dis!lays they e4!ect from the system. This can also be done on a !a!er or on the com!uter dis!lay with the hel! of automated system tools available. The system design also describes the date to be in!ut calculated or stored. Individual date items and calculation !rocedures are written in detail. The !rocedures tell how to !rocess the data and !roduce the out!ut. (esigners are res!onsible for !roviding !rogrammers with com!lete and clearly outlined software s!ecification. 's !rogramming starts designers are able to answer questions clarify fu""y areas and handle !roblems that confront the !rogrammers when using the design s!ecifications 's the software is to be designed in 8isual /asic and back+ end 9,+'ccess the conce!t of database is must for quantity designing. (esign is the central unifying !rocess for software develo!ment and maintenance. It is a decision making task often concerning major decisions of a structural nature. The design !rocess ma!s the 7hat to do? of user requirements s!ecifications into the <ow to do it? of the design s!ecifications.

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The out!ut of requirements management defines what the system will do3 the out!ut of design ;design document or design model= defines how it will be done and !rovides the relevant amount of information to the develo!ers to enable himAher to write a valid and efficient code.

DESI4EN O2ER2IE3 $
The design stage takes the final s!ecification of the ('T'/',1 %G R'IJ7'M R1,1R8'TI%G ,M,T19 from analysis and finds the best way of fulfilling them give the technical environment and !revious decision on required level of automation. The ,ystem design is carried out in two !hases0 design ;<igh Jevel (esign=. (etailed design ;Jow Jevel (esign=.

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LE2EL DESI4N $

The high+level design ma!s the business system described in the !rogram requirement s!ecification to logical data structure. It involves+ I'e#t"!."#: t)e e#t"t"es $ , 'll the entities related to the module were identified checked and consolidated. I'e#t"!."#: t)e relat"o#s)"p $, The relationshi!s between entities within and outside the system were identified. Attr"%(te 'e!"#"t"o# $, The !ertaining to the entities was identified and their field characteristics were s!ecified. Nor*al"=at"o# $, The entities were normali"ed. I#ter!ace $, Interfacing with other system was done and attributes related to e4ternal entities were identified. %nce the entities and their attributes were defined entity relationshi! diagrams.
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LO3 LE2EL DESI4N $


The low+level design ma!s the logical3 model3 of the system to a !hysical database design0

DEFAULT DATABASE DESI4N $


This utility create column and constraint definitions form the entity model and the table A entity ma!!ing entered in 0 CASE> '"ct"o#ar. $ This database design can be refined according to your a!!lication regarding using can be refined according to your a!!lication regarding using the tables columns sand key constraint definition screen to make amendments. The ste! involved here were0 &eneration of table. Primary key. *nique key. $oreign key.

-ODULE DESI4N $
This screen is used to enter module information during the design stage of business system develo!ment. The a!!lication systems function tables and columns must already e4ist in )',1N dictionary before being referenced.

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USER PREFERENCE $
/ased on user !reference like form name validation of !rimary key layout of forms layout of fields. )reating title for forms mandatory in!ut field !rom!ts etc. was incor!orated here.

4ENERATE T E PRO4RA- $
The !rogram was generated based on the relationshi! s!ecified and according to the user !references.

DESI4N -ET ODOLO4Y $ T REE TIER ARC ITECTURE $


' three tier distributed clientAserver architecture includes a user system interface to! tier where user services ;such as te4t in!ut dialog and dis!lay management= reside.

The third tier !rovides database management functionality and is dedicated to data and file services that can be o!timi"ed without using any !ro!rietary database management system languages. The data management com!onent ensures that the data is consistent throughout the distributed environment through the use of features such as data locking consistency and
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re!lication. It should be noted that connectivity between tiers can be dynamically changed de!ending u!on the user5s request for data and services. The middle tier !rovides !rocess management services ;such as !rocess develo!ment !rocess enactment !rocess monitoring and !rocess resourcing= that are shared by multi!le a!!lications. The middle tier server ;also referred to as the a!!lication server= im!roves !erformance fle4ibility maintainability reusability and scalability by centrali"ing !rocess logic. )entrali"ed !rocess logic makes administration and change management easier by locali"ing system functionality so that changes must only be written once and !laced on the middle tier server to be available throughout the systems. 7ith other architectural designs a change to a function ;service= would need to be written into every a!!lication.

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ARD3ARE RE+UIRE-ENTS
This software requires following configuration of an I/9 or com!atible P.). D 9icro!rocessor 6C@ or higher. R'9 D#@ 9./. or higher. 7indows -FFB A OP %!erating ,ystem. <ard (isk (rive with -.# &./. free disk s!ace. $lo!!y (isk (rive. )om!act (isk (rive. ' 9ouse. ' Heyboard. ' 9onitor.

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LI-ITATIONS $
7e have made humble efforts in !re!aring the software so that it can be in the functioning condition. /ut due to lack of time some conditions cannot be a!!lied like D This !roject cannot work in clientAserver environment. 'nother limitation is that software will not run under 2.## o!erating system.

FUTURE SCOPE OF T E PRO?ECT $


The future enhancement of the software can !rovide many more other facilities like barcode reading book reservation tickets of the Railways.

FURT ER I-PRO2E-ENTS $
The further im!rovements can be done in !roject are list can be generated in different format as according to the requirements !rinting of list on !rinter directly given the commands or by !ressing the command button backu! of all the records in the database. It can be made like it can work in clientAserver environment.

2F

DATABASE -ANA4E-ENT SYSTE' ('T'/',1 is a collection of related data. ' database re!resents some as!ects of the real world sometimes called the miniworld or the *niverse of (iscourse ;*o(=. (atabase is a logically coherent collection of data with some inherent meaning. It is designed built and !o!ulated with data for a s!ecific !ur!ose. This data is used by organi"ationAindividuals to meet their information !rocessing requirements. The most im!ortant thing in a database is that the database should be treated as a foundation stone for the future a!!lication for the organi"ation. ' database may be generated and mani!ulated manually or it may be com!uteri"ed. ' com!uteri"ed database may be created and maintained either by a grou! of a!!lication !rograms written s!ecifically for that task or by database management system. ' ('T'/',1 9'G'&191GT ,M,T19 ;(/9,= is a collection of !rograms that enables user to create and maintain a database.

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DATA TABLE
LO4IN $,
This relation is used to store the *,1R I( and P',,7%R( of various authori"ed users.

S. NO.
1. 2. J%&IG P',,7%R(

ATTRIBUTE NA-E

DATA TAYPE
T1OT T1OT

The field Jogin is used to acce!t the Jogin+I(s of the *ser which are !rovided only to a few !ersons in the railway to !rovide security. The $ield Password is used to acce!t !assword from the user to !revent unauthori"ed access.

EN+UIRY $,
S. NO.
1. 2. 3. /. 0. 1. @. A. B. *,1RG'91 P',,7%R( R1P1'T P',,7%R( '((R1,, $'T<1R.s G'91 (%/ ,T'T1 (I,TRI)T PIG)%(1

ATTRIBUTE NA-E

DATA TYPE
T1OT T1OT T1OT T1OT T1OT ('T1ATI91 T1OT T1OT G*9/1R

2-

This relation is used to store the !assenger details for reservation of the train. The $ield *,1RG'91 is used to acce!t the name of the !assenger for whom the reservation is required. The $ield P',,7%R( is used to acce!t !assword from the user to !revent unauthori"ed access. The $ield R1P1'T P',,7%R( is used to acce!t re!eat !assword. The $ield '((R1,, is used to acce!t address of the user. The $ield $'T<1R.s G'91 is used to acce!t the father.s name of the !assenger for whom the reservation is required. The $ield (%/ is used to acce!t dob of the user. The $ield ,T'T1 is used to acce!t state of the user. The $ield (I,TRI)T is used to acce!t district of the user to !revent unauthori"ed access. The $ield PIG)%(1 is used to acce!t !in code of the city of the user.

RESER2ATION $,
S. NO.
1. 2. 3. /. 0. 1. @. A. B. 1C. TR'IG G%. TR'IG G'91 TI)H1T G%. G'91 $'T<1R.s G'91 '&1 &1G(1R ('T1 %$ K%*RG1M )%')< /1RT< 22

ATTRIBUTE NA-E

DATA TYPE
G*9/1R T1OT G*9/1R T1OT T1OT G*9/1R T1OT ('T1ATI91 T1OT T1OT

11. 12. 13.

,1'T G%. )J',, R1GT

G*9/1R T1OT G*9/1R

This relation is used to store the reservation details of all the trains. The field TR'IG G%. is used to acce!t the train number of the trains. The field TR'IG G'91 is used to acce!t the train name. The field TI)H1T G%. is used to acce!t the ticket number of the trains. The $ield G'91 is used to acce!t the name of the !assenger for whom the reservation is required. The $ield $'T<1R.s G'91 is used to acce!t the father.s name of the !assenger for whom the reservation is required. The $ield '&1 is used to acce!t the age of the !assenger for whom the reservation is required. The $ield &1G(1R is used to acce!t the name of the se4 for whom the reservation is required. The $ield ('T1 %$ K%*RG1M is used to acce!t the date of the reservation. The $ield )%')< is used to acce!t the coach of the reservation. The $ield /1RT< is used to acce!t the berth of the reservation. The $ield ,1'T G%. is used to acce!t the seat no. of the !assenger of the reservation. The $ield )J',, is used to acce!t the class in which the reservation is required.

26

The $ield R1GT is used to acce!t the rent of the reservation.

TRAIN EN+UIRY $,

S. NO.
1. 2. 3. /. 0. 1. @. A. B. 1C. 11. 12. 13. 1/. 10. 11. 1@. 1A. 1B. 2C. 21. 22. 23. 2/. 20. 21. 2@. 2A. 2B. 3C. 31.

ATTRIBUTE NA-E
TR'IG G%. TR'IG G'91 P ;P'GTRM= $R%9 (1P ;(1P'RT*R1 TI91 'T T<1 $R%9 ,T'TI%G= T% 'RR ;'RRI8'J TI91 'T T<1 T% ,T'I%G= TR'81J ;TR'81J TI91 %$ T<1 TR'IG= R 9%G T*1 71( T<* $RI ,'T ,*G #' ;') #+TI1R ,J11P1R %G T<1 T%P= -' ;') -+TI1R ,J11P1R %G T<1 T%P= 2' ;') 2+TI1R ,J11P1R %G T<1 T%P= )) ;') )<'IR )'R %G T<1 T%P= $) ;$IR,T )J',, %G T<1 T%P= ,J ;,J11P1R )J',, %G T<1 T%P= -, ;,1)%G( ,ITTIG& %G T<1 T%P= 21 ;2 ') 1)%G%9M %G T<1 T%P= ') #,T )J',, )<'R&1 ') -G( )J',, )<'R&1 ') 2R( )J',, )<'R&1 )) )<'R&1 $) )<'R&1 ,J )<'R&1 -, )<'R&1

DATA TYPE
G*9/1R T1OT T1OT T1OT ('T1 A TI91 T1OT ('T1 A TI91 ('T1 A TI91 T1OT T1OT T1OT T1OT T1OT T1OT T1OT T1OT T1OT T1OT T1OT T1OT T1OT T1OT T1OT T1OT )*RR1G)M )*RR1G)M )*RR1G)M )*RR1G)M )*RR1G)M )*RR1G)M )*RR1G)M

This relation is used to store the train details for reservation of the train.
2>

The field TR'IG G%. is used to acce!t the train number of the trains. The field TR'IG G'91 is used to acce!t the train name. The field P'GTRM is used to acce!t the ticket number of the trains. The field $R%9 is used to acce!t the initial !oint of the train. The field (1P is used to acce!t the time of the de!arture of the train. The field T% is used to acce!t the time of the destination of the train. The field 'RR is used to acce!t the time of the arrival time of the train. The field TR'81J is used to acce!t the travel time of the train.

2@

DATA FLO3 DIA4RAThe (ata $low (iagram shows the flow of data or information. It can be !artitioned into single !rocesses or functions. (ata $low (iagrams can be grou!ed together or decom!osed into multi!le !rocesses. 's information moves through software it is modified by a series of transformations. ' data flow diagram ;($(= is a gra!hical re!resentation that de!icts information flow and the transform that are a!!lied as data move from in!ut to out!ut at any level of data abstraction. In fact (ata $low (iagrams may be !artitioned into levels that re!resent increasing information flow and functional details. Therefore the ($( !rovides a mechanism for functional modeling as well as information flow modeling. It is a gra!hical re!resentation of flow of data through a system. Its !ictures a system as a network of functional !rocesses. The bases of ($( is a data flow gra!h which !ictorially re!resents information on data as shown+

2B

In!ut (ata 14ternal 1ntity Jevel # Processing

In!ut (ata 14ternal 1ntity

Intermediate (ata %ut!ut (ata 14ternal 1ntity Jevel Processing 14ternal 1ntity

Intermediate (ata

Jevel 2 Processing (ata store

%ut!ut (ata 14ternal 1ntity

In this diagram the e4ternal entities !rovide in!ut data for the !rocessing during the !rocessing some intermediate data is generated. The data store is the re!ository of data. The structure a!!roach of system design requires e4tensive modeling of the system. Thus instead of making a com!lete model e4hibiting the functionality of system. The ($(.s are created in a layered manner at the first layer the ($( is made at block level : in lower layers the details are shown. Thus level+F ($( makes a fundamental system.

2C

I1 I2

Process

O(tp(t

ECF Le&el DFD

($(.s can re!resent the system at any level of abstraction. ($( of PF. level views entire software elements as a single bubble with indication of only in!ut : out!ut data. Thus PF. level ($( is also called as )onte4t diagram.

R(les !or *aD"#: DFD $ ,


The following factures should be considered while making ($(.s+ Hee! a note of all the !rocesses : e4ternal entities give unique names to them identify the manner in which they interact with each other. (o numbering of !rocesses. The ($( should be internally consistent. 1very !rocess should have minimum of one in!ut : out!ut. The data store should contain all the data element that flow as in!ut : out!ut.

2E

T.pes o! DFD $ ,
(ifferent levels of ($( show the a!!lication at different levels of detail+

LE2EL ECF OR CONTEGT DIA4RA- $,


The highest+level ($( ;Jevel F= shows the entire a!!lication as a single !rocess surrounded by its data stores and is sometimes known as )onte4t (iagram. ' conte4t diagram !lays a very im!ortant role in software develo!ment. It contains a single !rocess which describes the system interfaces to the business : outside the world or we can say that it determines the boundaries.

LE2EL , 1 OR P YSICAL DIA4RA- $,


The ne4t level down ;Jevel #= shows the whole a!!lication again but with the main Processes the data flows between them and their individual links to the data ,tores. (ata ,tores remain the same at all levels of abstraction but new stores may be introduced at any level. These are usually tem!orary stores such as views and cursor which are required in lower level !rocesses. The !hysical ($( defines who is doing a !articular o!eration. It shows how things ha!!en in the !hysical com!onents.

LE2EL , 2 OR LO4ICAL DIA4RA- $,


' logical ($( shows what a system is doing rather than what is being done. It shows what occurs i.e. it only s!ecifies ty!e of the o!eration !erform.

6F

DATA FLO3 DIA4RA- FOR RAIL3AY RESER2ATION SYSTE- $ ,

)ustomer Gew Reservation ,chedules

1dit Reservation

Railway Reservation ,ystem

)ancellation

'llow new *ser

Reservation

DFD DIA4RA- FOR RAIL3AY RESER2ATION SYSTE-

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ENTITY RELTIONS IP DIA4RA'n entity relationshi! diagram is a gra!hical re!resentation of entities and their relationshi!s to each other. Ty!ically used in com!uting regarding the data within database or information system. The 1+R data model is based on a !erce!tion of a real word which consist of a set of basic object. The overall logical structure of a database can be e4!ressed gra!hically by an 1+R diagram. 1ntity Relationshi! (iagrams have three different com!onents0 1ntity 'ttributes Relationshi! Hey 'ttributes

ENTITY $
1ntities are the !rinci!al data object about which information is to be collected. 1ntities are usually recogni"able conce!ts either concrete or abstract such as !erson !laces things or events which have relevance to the database. 'n entity is analogous to a table in the relational model. )ategories of different entities include D 1. 2. 3. /. Perso# $, ,tudent Teacher 1m!loyee 9anager etc. Place $, <ead office /ranch office /uilding etc. O%jects $, /ook 8ehicle etc. E&e#t $, ,elling Reservation Ticket booking Registration etc.

7a8 E#t"t. Set $, 'n entity set is the collection of entities of the same ty!e i.e. the entities which are share common !ro!erties or attributes. E< $, The set of all em!loyees of an organi"ation can be called as the entity set em!loyee.

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ATTRIBUTE $
1ach entity can have a number of characteristics which is called attribute of that entity. ' data attribute is a characteristic common to all or most instances of a !articular entity. 'n attribute or combination of attributes that uniquely identifies one and only one instance of an entity is called a !rimary key or identifier. E< $, 'n entity )lient can have characteristic like #a*eH a''ressH p)o#e #(*%er etc. ,ome attributes can be logically grou!ed into su!er attribute called Ico*po(#' attr"%(tesJ.

TYPES OF ATTRIBUTES $,
1. S"*ple 6 Co*pos"te Attr"%(tes $, The attributes have been sim!le i.e. they are not divided into sub!arts. )om!osite attributes can be divided into sub!arts ;i.e. other attributes=. E< $, 'n attribute name could be structured as a com!osite attribute consisting of first name middle name and last name. 2. S"#:le a#' -(lt",2al(e' Attr"%(tes $+ The 'ttributes that has single value is called single valued attributes and the attributes that has more than one value is called multi valued attributes. E< $, The loan number attributes for a s!ecific loan entity refers to only one loan number such attributes are said to be single value. 'n em!loyee entity set with the attribute !hone number is said to be multi+valued attributes. 3. Der"&e' Attr"%(tes $, The value for this ty!e of attributes can be derived from the values of other related attributes or entities.

62

E< $, ,u!!ose that the customer entity set has an attribute age which indicates the customer.s age. If the customer entity set also has an attribute date of birth we can calculate age from date of birth and the current date. Thus age is a derive attribute.

RELATIONS IP $
' data relationshi! is a natural association that e4ists between one or more entities. The connectivity of a relationshi! describes the ma!!ing of associated entity instances in the relationshi!. The values of connectivity are one or many. The cardinality of a relationshi! is the actual number of related occurrences for each of the two entities. The basic ty!es of connectivity for relations are 0 %ne+to+one ;#0#= %ne+to+many ;#0m= 9any+to+many ;m0m= ' o#e,to,o#e ;#0#= relationshi! is when at most one instance of an entity ' is associated with one instance of entity /. ' o#e,to,*a#. ;#09= relationshi! is when for one instance of entity ' there are "ero one or many instances of entity / but for one instance of entity / there is only one instance of entity '. ' *a#.,to,*a#. ;90 9= relationshi! sometimes called non+s!ecific is when for one instance of entity ' there are "ero one or many instances of entity / and for one instance of entity / there are "ero one or many instances of entity '.

;EY ATTRIBUTES $
The key attribute is an attribute that uniquely identifies an entity in the entity set. E< $, 1m!loyeeQcode can be the key attribute for the entity set em!loyee because it uniquely identifies each em!loyee entity.
66

SY-BOLS OF E,R DIA4RA- $


'n 1+R diagram can e4!ress the overall logical structure of a database gra!hically. 1+R diagram consist of the following major com!onents0 Recta#:le $ 7hich re!resent entity set.

Ell"pses $ 7hich re!resent attributes.

D"a*o#'s $ 7hich re!resent relationshi! sets.

L"#es $ 7hich link attributes to entity sets and entity sets to relationshi! sets.

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Do(%le Ell"pses $ 7hich re!resent multi+valued attributes.

Das)e' Ell"pse $ 7hich denotes derived attributes.

Do(%le L"#ear $ 7hich indicate total !artici!ation of an entity in a relationshi! set.

Do(%le Recta#:le $ 7hich re!resent weak entity set.

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E,R DIA4RA- OF RAIL3AY RESER2ATION DATABASE $,

,ource 1ntry (ate

(ate (estination

)lass

BooD T"cDet I#!or*at"o#

PGR Go.

Passenger details Train 'vailability

$ore

Train Game

)lass Ne5 Rates

(istance

6B

'ddress 'ge Game

Passe#:er Deta"ls Phone Go.

)ity

,tate Pin code ,e4

JoginQid Password

6C

ACTI2ITY DIA4RA- FOR RAIL3AY RESER2ATION SYSTE)ustomer Start 'dministrator

Reserve Ticket

)ancel Ticket

)heck $or ,eat Reservation

Go 8iew (etails Mes Inform )ustomer $ill $orm Go )heck Rese+ rvation Jist

&ive (etails

Mes ,ubmit $orm Issue Ticket &ive $orm

Stop Return Payment

6E

TESTIN4 6 DEBUU44IN4
SYSTE- TESTIN4 $
Test"#: -et)o'olo:. $
The various test cases have been made to find out the bug if any in the a!!lication. The test cases have been made kee!ing in mind to test the individual module as well as system as a whole. The test cases have been given by the client which in my a!!lication was GI,T'(, team. Gow the a!!lication is fully functional without any bugs. The testing activities are done in all !hases of the lifecycle in an iterative software develo!ment a!!roach. <owever the em!hasis on testing activities varies in different !hases. This !rocedure e4!lains the focus of testing in ince!tion elaboration construction and transition !hases. In the ince!tion !hase most of requirements ca!turing is done and the test !lan is develo!ed. In elaboration !hase most of design is develo!ed and test cases are develo!ed. )onstruction !hase mainly focuses on develo!ment of com!onents and units and unit testing is the focus in this !hase. Transition !hase is about de!loying software in the user community and most of the system testing and acce!tance testing is done in this !hase. There are following rules that can serve well as testing objectives0 Testing is a !rocess of e4ecuting a !rogram with the intent of finding an error. ' good test case is one that has a high !robability of finding an as+yet+undiscovered error. ' successful test is one that uncovers as+yet+undiscovered error.

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UNIT TESTIN4 $
*nit testing is done as !er Testing &uidelines. It refers to the !rocess of changes made to a new or e4isting system. *nit testing is a !rocess in which a tester test the each module individually.

-ODULE TESTIN4 $
9odule testing is also known as unit or com!onent testing !hase module testing is concerned with the testing of the smallest !iece of software for which a se!arate s!ecification e4ists. It focuses on verification of the smallest unit of software design ++ the module. *sing the detailed design s!ecification as a guide im!ortant control !aths are tested to uncover errors within the boundary of the module. The man to machine interfaces are tested to assure that information !ro!erly flows into and out of the module allowable boundary values are verified and module+data structure interface is tested to assure that data is !ro!erly stored according to established integrity rules. 9odule testing is !erformed during the /uild ,tage.

INTE4ERATION TESTIN4 $
The system integrator com!iles and links the system in increments. 1ach increment needs to go through testing of the functionality that has been added as well as all tests the !revious builds went through ;regression tests=. 7ithin iteration integration testing is e4ecuted several times until the whole system has been successfully integrated. Testing is done as !er the Test Plan for the !roject. ' Testing Team who may be an inde!endent team or may include members of the !roject team carries out the tests.

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SYSTE- TESTIN4 $
,ystem testing is initiated through a ,ystem release and a Release Gote from (evelo!ment team to the testing team. The !ur!ose of the ,ystem Testing is to ensure that the com!lete system functions are intended. The system roles in P9P com!ile and link the system in increments. ,ystem Testing is similar to the Integration testing e4ce!t that it is run under customer environment or in an environment as similar as to the customer environment as !ossible. (uring the ,ystem testing the !erformance criteria is tested and factors like stress transaction timing volume of data transaction frequency etc. are validated. The ability of the ,oftware to be installed in an environment likely to be encountered at the site of the customer is also checked here. ,ystem testing of the software is !erformed against base lined software and the base lined documentation of the customer requirements and the software requirements s!ecification documentation. 'fter ,ystem Testing efforts should be made to conduct other ty!es of testing such as0 ,tress TestingA8olume Testing ;testing the !erformance etc.= ,ecurity testing ;testing the system against security measures e.g. !assword etc.= Recovery testing ;the recovery techniques in case the system crashes= Regression testing ;to ensure that changes have not caused unintended effects on the baseline=. (uring system testing the system is used e4!erimentally to ensure that the software does not fail i.e. it will run according to its s!ecifications and in the way users e4!ect. ,!ecial test data are in!ut for the
>-

!rocessing and the results e4amine. ' limited number of users try to use it in unforeseen ways. It is !referable to discover any sur!rise before the organi"ation im!lements the system and de!end u!on it. In many organi"ations !ersons other than those who wrote the original !rograms to ensure more com!lete and unbiased testing and more reliable testing !erform testing. The norms that were followed during the !hase were that after the develo!er of the software has satisfied regarding every as!ect of the software under consideration he is required to release the !rogram source code. ' setu! name release is used to co!y the name file from the develo!ers. user area to a !roject area in the directory named with develo!er user name. <ere all the final testing used to be done by !ersons other than the develo!er himself .if some changes were desired in the !rogram the develo!er were required to use another setu!. Retrieve which co!ied back the latest version of the !rogram to develo!er areas. 's in this system data is entered at different levels I considered !roviding various ty!es of checks like range check validity check com!leteness check etc. in different data entry screens according to the requirements. ,ince the user are not familiar to the new system the data screens were designed in such a way that were+. )onsistent 1asy to use <as a fast res!onse time

3)"te Bo< Test"#: $


7hite bo4 test focus on the !rogram control structure. Test cases are derived to ensure that all statement in the !rogram has been e4ecuted at least once during testing and that all logical condition has been e4ercised. /asic !ath testing a white bo4 testing makes use of

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!rogram gra!h to derive the set of linearly inde!endent test that will ensure coverage. In white bo4 testing the test develo!er has access to the source code and can write code that links into the libraries which are linked into the target software. This is ty!ical of unit tests which only test !arts of a software system. They ensure that com!onents used in the construction are functional and robust to some degree. In this testing internal functioning of the !roduct is tested. 1ach !rocedures is tested for its accuracy. *nlike black bo4 testing white bo4 testing uses s!ecific knowledge of !rogramming code to e4amine out!ut i.e. s!ecific knowledge about the internal structure. This test is accurate only if the tester knows what !rogram is su!!osed to do. 7hite bo4 testing is also known as :lass %o<H str(ct(ral %o<H clea# %o< 6 ope# %o< test"#:.

Co#'"t"o# Test"#: $
)ondition testing is tests case design method that e4ercise the logical conditions contain in a !rogram module. a sim!le condition is a /oolean variable or a relational e4!ression.

Bra#c) Test"#: $
I have used /ranch testing is !robably the for com!ound condition the true and false ;in !roject i.e. null values= for each branch.

Data Flo5 Test"#: $


I have used data flow testing due to check the !ath of !rogram according to the locations of definitions and uses of variables in the !rogram.

BLAC; BOG TESTIN4 $


/lack bo4 testing focuses on the functional requirements of the software. That is black+bo4 testing enable the software engineer to

>6

derive set of in!ut conditions that will fully e4ercise all functional requirements for a !rogram. In black bo4 testing the test engineer only accesses the software through the same interfaces that the customer or user would or !ossibly through remotely controllable automation interfaces that connect another com!uter or another !rocess into the target of the test. In this test overall functioning of the !roduct is tested. In!uts are given : out!uts are checked. It does not care about internal structure of the !roduct. /lack bo4 test treats the system as black bo4 so it does not e4!licitly use knowledge of internal structure. /lack bo4 test design usually described as focusing on testing functional requirement. /lack bo4 testing is also known as Be)a&"oralH F(#ct"o#al 6 Close' %o< test"#:. /lack bo4 testing test the overall functional requirements of the !roduct. In!uts are su!!lied to the !roduct : out!uts are verified. If the out!ut obtained are same as the e4!ected once then the !roduct needs the functional requirement. In this a!!roach internal !rocedures are not considers.

DISAD2ANTA4ES OF BLAC; BOG TESTIN4 $


/lack bo4 testing uncovers following ty!es of errors D Incorrect or missing functions. Interface errors. 14ternal database access. Performance errors. Initiali"ation : termination errors.

4rap),Base' Test"#: -et)o' $

>>

I have used gra!h+based testing method for removing errors associated with relationshi!s. The first ste! in this testing is to understand the objects that are modeled in software and the relationshi! that connect these objects.

E9("&ale#ce Part"t"o#"#: $
This testing is used for the following reason0 s!ecific numeric values range of values set of related values /oolean condition

For e<a*ple $
)heck in !hone number code generation class ty!e de!artment ty!e !assword etc.

Bo(#'ar. 2al(e A#al.s"s $


/oundary value analysis is a test case design technique that com!lements equivalence !artitioning. Rather than selecting any element of equivalence class the selection of test cases at the edges of the class. Rather than focusing solely on the in!ut condition. The !oint of equivalence !artitioning as 0 'n in!ut condition s!ecifies a range boundary by values a and b test cases should be design with values a and b and just above and just below a and b. 'n in!ut condition s!ecific a number of values test cases should be develo!ed that e4ercise the minimum and ma4imum number.

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USER ACCEPTANCE TESTIN4 $


'n 'cce!tance Plan is !re!ared and handed over to the customer. <owever it is at the discretion of the Project 9anager to decide when to !re!are the 'cce!tance Plan but the Project 9anager should ensure that it is at least !re!ared before the com!letion of construction !hase. This Plan hel!s the customer in !lanning scheduling and !roviding resources to carry out the customer acce!tance testing. The acce!tance testing is done during de!loyment. The 'cce!tance !lan must consist of 0 ' suggested schedule for 'cce!tance Testing by the customer <ardware ,oftware and other resources required for 'cce!tance Testing )onfirmation of 'cce!tance criteria. The 'cce!tance Plan is reviewed and based on the Review Procedure and the review records are maintained !ro!erly.

Test Pla# $
Initial test !lan addresses system test !lanning and over the elaboration construction and transition !hases this !lan is u!dated to cater other testing requirements of these !hases like unit : integration testing. The test Plan must contain the following0 ,co!e of testing. 9ethodology to be used for testing. Ty!es of tests to be carried out. Resource : system requirements. ' tentative Test ,chedule. Identification of various forms to be used to record test cases and test results The Test Plan is reviewed as !er the Review Procedure as defined by the Project 9anager. 'dequate Review Records are maintained.

>B

Test Reports a#' De%(::"#: $


The testing team !re!ares all the defects are re!orted in the organi"ation.s standard defect tracking system. The defects found are categori"ed !rioriti"ed and re!orted as Testing &uidelines. (evelo!ment team also uses the defect tracking system to re!ort the status of defects. Testing team before closure validates the defects eliminated by develo!ment team.

Error -essa:e a#' 2al"'at"o#s $


The goals of verification and validation activities are to access and im!rove the quality of work !roducts generated during develo!ment and modification of software . There are two ty!es of verification D Jife cycle verification $ormal verification Jife cycle verification is the !rocess of determining the degree to which the work !roducts of a given !hase of the develo!ment cycle fulfill the s!ecification established during !rior !hases. $ormal verification is a rigorous mathematical demonstration that source code confirms to its s!ecification. 8alidation is the !rocess of evaluating software at the end of software (evelo!ment !rocess to determine com!liance with requirements. <igh quality can.t be achieved through testing of source code alone. 'lthough a !rogram should be totally free of errors this is seldom the case for Jarge software !roducts. The best way to minimi"e errors is to detect and remove errors during analysis and design so that few errors are introduced into the source code.

>C

The following error messages and validations are used in the system. 1rror Jisting $or Jogin ,creen

Error 1$ Error 2$ Error 3$ Error /$ Error 0$ Error 1$ Error @$ Error A$ Error B$ Error 1C$ Error 11$ Error 12$

7hen *serid and !assword fields both are blank or invalide 7hen userid is wrong 7hen Password is wrong 7hen all fields are blank 7hen Go. of doctoral (egree awarded in not numeric 1nter numeric value 7hen no of others students is not numeric 1nter numeric value 7hen rety!e !assword is not same as new !assword 7hen entered values e4ist in data base 8alue already e4ists 7hen no value find in data base ,orry G% data found 7hen database is not ready ,orry )onnection failed 7hen Page is not found ,orry !age not found 7hen Internet connection not available ,orry connection failed

>E

Test Data a#' Test Cases $


Test cases describe the details of every test for each feature of the module. The in!uts for !re!aration of test cases are the software requirement s!ecifications andAor (esign documentAmodel. ,ystem test cases are !re!ared in elaboration !hase and initial integration test cases are !re!ared which are refined and com!leted in construction !hase. These test cases are reviewed as !er Review Procedure as defined by the Project 9anager and adequate review records are maintained. These reviews are done against requirements and (esign to ensure adequacy and com!leteness. The e4!ected results are s!ecified in test cases against test to be carried out.

@F

3OR;IN4 DETAILS 7CODIN4 6 OUTPUT8

FOR- 1 $ 7SPLAS SCREEN8

(im ' 's Integer (im s 's ,tring (im n 's Integer Private ,ub $ormQJoad;= 'R# nR#

@#

Progress/ar#.9a4 R #FF Progress/ar#.9in R # Timer#.Interval R #FF s R L Railway Reservation Project ,ystemL Image#.,tretch R True Image#.Picture R JoadPicture;'!!.Path S LTL S LTR'IG.KP&L= 1nd ,ub Private ,ub Timer#QTimer;= (im b 's Integer Jabel#.$ore)olor R I/)olor;Rnd N B= b R Jen;s= Jabel#.)a!tion R Jeft;s n= nRnS# Progress/ar#.8alue R Progress/ar#.8alue S # If ;Progress/ar#.8alue UR EC= Then )all $orm-.,how *nload 9e 1nd If 1nd ,ub

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FOR- 2 $ 7LO4IN8

(im db 's (atabase (im rs 's Recordset Private ,ub )ommand#Q)lick;= (im n 's Integer rs.9oveJast n R rs.Record)ount rs.9ove$irst $or ' R # To n If ;rs.$ields;LusernameL= R Te4t#.Te4t 'nd rs.$ields;L!asswordL= R Te4t-.Te4t= Then )all 9(I$orm#.,how *nload 9e 1lse 9sg/o4 ;Lyour user name and !assword not matchL= Te4t#.Te4t R LL
@2

Te4t-.Te4t R LL Te4t#.,et$ocus rs.9oveGe4t 1nd If Ge4t ' 1nd ,ub Private ,ub )ommand-Q)lick;= 1nd 1nd ,ub Private ,ub $ormQJoad;= ,et db R (/1ngine.%!en(atabase;'!!.Path S LTL S Llog convrtL= ,et rs R db.%!enRecordset;LlogL db%!en(ynaset= Image#.,tretch R True Image#.Picture R JoadPicture;'!!.Path S LTL S L'P#.j!gL= 1nd ,ub

@6

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-DI FOR- $

Private ,ub cancelreservationQ)lick;= )all $ormC.,how 1nd ,ub Private ,ub editQ)lick;= )all $orm##.,how 1nd ,ub Private ,ub 9(I$ormQJoad;= 9(I$orm#.Picture R JoadPicture;'!!.Path S LTL S Lss.j!gL= 1nd ,ub Private ,ub newQ)lick;= )all $orm2.,how
@@

1nd ,ub Private ,ub new#Q)lick;= )all $ormB.,how 1nd ,ub Private ,ub searchbydateQ)lick;= )all $orm#F.,how 1nd ,ub Private ,ub searchbynameQ)lick;= )all $ormE.,how 1nd ,ub Private ,ub searchbytrainQ)lick;= )all $orm@.,how 1nd ,ub Private ,ub userloginQ)lick;= )all $orm6.,how 1nd ,ub

@B

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FOR- 3 $ 7USER INFOR-ATION8


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(im db 's (atabase (im rs 's Recordset Private ,ub )ommand#Q)lick;= ' R 9sg/o4;Ldo you want save L vb%H)ancel= If ;' R #= Then rs.'ddGew rs.$ields;#=.8alue R Te4t#.Te4t rs.$ields;-=.8alue R Te4t-.Te4t rs.$ields;2=.8alue R Te4t2.Te4t rs.$ields;6=.8alue R Te4t6.Te4t rs.$ields;>=.8alue R Te4t>.Te4t rs.$ields;@=.8alue R Te4t@.Te4t rs.$ields;B=.8alue R Te4tB.Te4t rs.$ields;C=.8alue R Te4tC.Te4t rs.*!date Te4t#.Te4t R LL
@E

Te4t-.Te4t R LL Te4t2.Te4t R LL Te4t6.Te4t R LL Te4t>.Te4t R LL Te4t@.Te4t R LL Te4tB.Te4t R LL Te4tC.Te4t R LL 1lse Te4t#.,et$ocus 1nd If 1nd ,ub Private ,ub )ommand-Q)lick;= 1nd 1nd ,ub Private ,ub $ormQJoad;= ,et db R (/1ngine.%!en(atabase;'!!.Path S LTL S Ldb#conL= ,et rs R db.%!enRecordset;L(/L db%!en(ynaset= Image#.,tretch R True Image#.Picture R JoadPicture;'!!.Path S LTL S Lb.KP&L= 1nd ,ub Private ,ub Te4t#QJost$ocus;= (im b 's Integer b R rs.Record)ount $or n R # To b If ;rs.$ields;LusernameL= R Te4t#.Te4t= Then 9sg/o4 ;Lyour user already e4istL= Te4t#.Te4t R LL Te4t#.,et$ocus 1nd If rs.9oveGe4t Ge4t n 1nd ,ub Private ,ub Te4tEQJost$ocus;= If ;Te4t-.Te4t VU Te4tE.Te4t= Then 9sg/o4 ;L!assword and re!eat !assword does not matchL= Te4t-.,et$ocus
BF

1nd If 1nd ,ub

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FOR- / $ 7USER C AN4E LO4IN 3INDO38

B#

(im db 's (atabase (im rs 's Recordset Private ,ub )ommand#Q)lick;= (im H 's Integer (im n 's Integer (im f 's Integer fRF n R rs.Record)ount rs.9ove$irst $or H R # To n If ;rs.$ields;LusernameL= R Te4t#.Te4t 'nd rs.$ields;L!asswordL= R Te4t-.Te4t= Then 9(I$orm#.new#.1nabled R True 9(I$orm#.change#.1nabled R True 9(I$orm#.1dit.1nabled R True 9(I$orm#.searchbytrain.1nabled R True 9(I$orm#.searchbyname.1nabled R True 9(I$orm#.searchbydate.1nabled R True
B-

9(I$orm#.cancelreservation.1nabled R True fR# 14it $or 1nd If rs.9oveGe4t Ge4t H If ;f R F= Then 9sg/o4 ;LMour username : Password not matchL= Te4t#.Te4t R LL Te4t-.Te4t R LL Te4t#.,et$ocus 1nd If If ;f R #= Then *nload 9e 1nd If 1nd ,ub Private ,ub )ommand-Q)lick;= 1nd 1nd ,ub Private ,ub )ommand2Q)lick;= *nload 9e )all $orm2.,how 1nd ,ub Private ,ub )ommand6Q)lick;= (im n 's Integer (im f 's Integer n R rs.Record)ount rs.$ind$irst LusernameR5L : Te4t#.Te4t : L5L If rs.Go9atch R $alse Then rs.$ind$irst L!asswordR5L : Te4t-.Te4t : L5L If rs.Go9atch R $alse Then )all $orm>.,how $orm>.Te4t#.Te4t R rs.$ields;#=.8alue $orm>.Te4t-.Te4t R rs.$ields;-=.8alue $orm>.Te4t2.Te4t R rs.$ields;2=.8alue $orm>.Te4t6.Te4t R rs.$ields;6=.8alue $orm>.Te4t>.Te4t R rs.$ields;>=.8alue
B2

$orm>.Te4t@.Te4t R rs.$ields;@=.8alue $orm>.Te4tB.Te4t R rs.$ields;B=.8alue $orm>.Te4tC.Te4t R rs.$ields;C=.8alue *nload 9e 1nd If 1lse 9sg/o4 ;Luser not foundL= 1nd If 1nd ,ub Private ,ub $ormQJoad;= ,et db R (/1ngine.%!en(atabase;'!!.Path S LTL S Ldb#conL= ,et rs R db.%!enRecordset;LdbL db%!en(ynaset= Image#.,tretch R True Image#.Picture R JoadPicture;'!!.Path S LTL S L".j!gL= 1nd ,ub

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B6

FOR- 0 $ 7USER INFOR-ATION8

B>

(im db 's (atabase (im rs 's Recordset Private ,ub )ommand#Q)lick;= ' R 9sg/o4;L(o you want to saveL vb%H)ancel= If ;' R #= Then rs.1dit rs.$ields;#=.8alue R Te4t#.Te4t rs.$ields;-=.8alue R Te4t-.Te4t rs.$ields;2=.8alue R Te4t2.Te4t rs.$ields;6=.8alue R Te4t6.Te4t rs.$ields;>=.8alue R Te4t>.Te4t rs.$ields;@=.8alue R Te4t@.Te4t rs.$ields;B=.8alue R Te4tB.Te4t rs.$ields;C=.8alue R Te4tC.Te4t rs.*!date Te4t#.Te4t R LL Te4t-.Te4t R LL Te4t2.Te4t R LL
B@

Te4t6.Te4t R LL Te4t>.Te4t R LL Te4t@.Te4t R LL Te4tB.Te4t R LL Te4tC.Te4t R LL 1lse Te4t#.,et$ocus 1nd If 1nd ,ub Private ,ub )ommand-Q)lick;= *nload 9e 1nd ,ub Private ,ub $ormQJoad;= ,et db R (/1ngine.%!en(atabase;'!!.Path S LTL S Ldb#conL= ,et rs R db.%!enRecordset;LdbL db%!en(ynaset= Image#.,tretch R True Image#.Picture R JoadPicture;'!!.Path S LTL S Loo.KP&L= 1nd ,ub Private ,ub Te4t#QJost$ocus;= (im b 's Integer b R rs.Record)ount $or n R # To b If ;rs.$ields;LusernameL= R Te4t#.Te4t= Then 9sg/o4 ;Lyour user already e4istL= Te4t#.Te4t R LL Te4t#.,et$ocus 1nd If rs.9oveGe4t Ge4t n 1nd ,ub Private ,ub Te4tEQJost$ocus;= If ;Te4t-.Te4t VU Te4tE.Te4t= Then 9sg/o4 ;LPassword : Re!eat !assword does not matchL= Te4t-.,et$ocus 1nd If 1nd ,ub
BB

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FOR- 1 $ 7TRAIN DETAILS8

BC

(im db 's (atabase (im rs 's Recordset Private ,ub )ombo-Q)lick;= Jabel2.$ont/old R True Jabel2.$ore)olor R I/)olor;6= Jabel2.)a!tion R )ombo#.Te4t S ,!ace;>= S LT% L S ,!ace;>= S )ombo-.Te4t Jabel6.$ont/old R True Jabel6.$ore)olor R I/)olor;6= Jabel6.)a!tion R )ombo-.Te4t S ,!ace;>= S LT% L S ,!ace;>= S )ombo#.Te4t 1nd ,ub Private ,ub )ommand#Q)lick;= )all $ormB.,how 1nd ,ub Private ,ub )ommand-Q)lick;= *nload 9e 1nd ,ub
BE

Private ,ub $ormQJoad;= ,et db R (/1ngine.%!en(atabase;'!!.Path S LTL S Ldb-cL= ,et rs R db.%!enRecordset;Ldb-L db%!en(ynaset= )ombo#.'ddItem L'JI&'R<L )ombo#.'ddItem L'&R'L )ombo#.'ddItem L(1J<IL )ombo#.'ddItem LK'99*L )ombo#.'ddItem L'JJ'</'(L )ombo#.'ddItem L&'WI'/'(L )ombo#.'ddItem LJ')H<G%7L )ombo#.'ddItem L/'G&J%RL )ombo#.'ddItem L)'J)*TT'L )ombo#.'ddItem L9*9/'IL )ombo#.'ddItem L9'(R'',L )ombo#.'ddItem L(1<R'(*GL )ombo-.'ddItem L'JI&'R<L )ombo-.'ddItem L'&R'L )ombo-.'ddItem L(1J<IL )ombo-.'ddItem LK'99*L )ombo-.'ddItem L'JJ'</'(L )ombo-.'ddItem L&'WI'/'(L )ombo-.'ddItem LJ')H<G%7L )ombo-.'ddItem L/'G&J%RL )ombo-.'ddItem L)'J)*TT'L )ombo-.'ddItem L9*9/'IL )ombo-.'ddItem L9'(R'',L )ombo-.'ddItem L(1<R'(*GL 7ith 9,$le4&rid# .)ols R 2# .Rows R # .)ol7idth;F= R #FFF .)ol7idth;#= R -FFF .)ol7idth;-= R #6FF .)ol7idth;2= R #FFF .)ol7idth;-6= R -FFF .)ol7idth;->= R -FFF .)ol7idth;-@= R -FFF

CF

.Row R F .)ol R F .Te4t R LTrain noL .)ol R # .Te4t R LTrain GameL .)ol R .Te4t R LPL .)ol R 2 .Te4t R L$romL .)ol R 6 .Te4t R L(e!L .)ol R > .Te4t R LToL .)ol R @ .Te4t R L'rrL .)ol R B .Te4t R LTravelL .)ol R C .Te4t R LRL .)ol R E .Te4t R L9%GL .)ol R #F .Te4t R LT*1L .)ol R ## .Te4t R L71(L .)ol R #.Te4t R LT<*L

C#

.)ol R #2 .Te4t R L$RIL .)ol R #> .Te4t R L,*GL .)ol R #@ .Te4t R L#'L .)ol R #B .Te4t R L-'L .)ol R #C .Te4t R L2'L .)ol R #E .Te4t R L))L .)ol R -F .Te4t R L$)L .)ol R -# .Te4t R L,JL .)ol R -.Te4t R L-,L .)ol R -2 .Te4t R L21L .)ol R -6 .Te4t R L')Q#stQclassQchargeL .)ol R -> .Te4t R L')Q-ndQclassQchargeL .)ol R -@ .Te4t R L')Q2rdQclassQchargeL .)ol R -B
C-

.Te4t R L))QchargeL .)ol R -C .Te4t R L$)QchargeL .)ol R -E .Te4t R L,JQchargeL .)ol R 2F .Te4t R L-,QchargeL 1nd 7ith Image#.,tretch R True Image#.Picture R JoadPicture;'!!.Path S LTL S Lll.KP&L= 1nd ,ub Private ,ub Jabel2Q)lick;= (im ' 's Integer 9,$le4&rid#.7idth R $orm@.7idth rs.9oveJast ' R rs.Record)ount rs.9ove$irst HR# $or n R # To ' If ;rs.$ields;LfromL=.8alue R )ombo#.Te4t= 'nd ;rs.$ields;LtoL=.8alue R )ombo-.Te4t= Then 9,$le4&rid#.Rows R H 9,$le4&rid#.'ddItem rs.$ields;#=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;-=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;2=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;6=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;>=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;@=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;B=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;C=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;E=.8alue Q : vbTab : rs.$ields;#F=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;##=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;#-=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;#2=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;#6=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;#>=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;#@=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;#B=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;#C=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;#E=.8alue Q : vbTab : rs.$ields;-F=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;-#=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;--=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;-2=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;-6=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;->=.8alue : vbTab :
C2

rs.$ields;-@=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;-B=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;-C=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;-E=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;2F=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;2#=.8alue HRHS# 1nd If rs.9oveGe4t Ge4t n 1nd ,ub Private ,ub Jabel6Q)lick;= (im ' 's Integer 9,$le4&rid#.7idth R $orm@.7idth rs.9oveJast ' R rs.Record)ount rs.9ove$irst HR# $or n R # To ' If ;rs.$ields;LfromL=.8alue R )ombo-.Te4t= 'nd ;rs.$ields;LtoL=.8alue R )ombo#.Te4t= Then 9,$le4&rid#.Rows R H 9,$le4&rid#.'ddItem rs.$ields;#=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;-=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;2=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;6=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;>=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;@=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;B=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;C=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;E=.8alue Q : vbTab : rs.$ields;#F=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;##=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;#-=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;#2=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;#6=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;#>=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;#@=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;#B=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;#C=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;#E=.8alue Q : vbTab : rs.$ields;-F=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;-#=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;--=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;-2=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;-6=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;->=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;-@=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;-B=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;-C=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;-E=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;2F=.8alue : vbTab : rs.$ields;2#=.8alue HRHS# 1nd If rs.9oveGe4t Ge4t n
C6

1nd ,ub

O(tp(t $,

FOR- @ $ 7RESER2ATION DETAILS8

C>

(im db 's (atabase (im rs 's Recordset (im (/# 's (atabase (im R,# 's Recordset Private ,ub )ombo#Q)lick;= rs.$ind$irst LTrainQnoRL : Te4t#.Te4t If ;)ombo#.JistInde4 R F= Then Te4t#-.Te4t R rs.$ields;->=.8alue 1lseIf ;)ombo#.JistInde4 R #= Then Te4t#-.Te4t R rs.$ields;-@=.8alue 1lseIf ;)ombo#.JistInde4 R -= Then Te4t#-.Te4t R rs.$ields;-B=.8alue 1lseIf ;)ombo#.JistInde4 R 2= Then Te4t#-.Te4t R rs.$ields;-C=.8alue 1lseIf ;)ombo#.JistInde4 R 6= Then Te4t#-.Te4t R rs.$ields;-E=.8alue 1lseIf ;)ombo#.JistInde4 R >= Then Te4t#-.Te4t R rs.$ields;2F=.8alue
C@

1lseIf ;)ombo#.JistInde4 R @= Then Te4t#-.Te4t R rs.$ields;2#=.8alue 1nd If 1nd ,ub Private ,ub )ommand#Q)lick;= (im H 's Integer H R 9sg/o4;L(% M%* 7'GT ,'81 L vb%H)ancel= If ;H R #= Then R,#.'ddGew R,#.$ields;#=.8alue R Te4t#.Te4t R,#.$ields;-=.8alue R Te4t-.Te4t R,#.$ields;2=.8alue R Te4t2.Te4t R,#.$ields;6=.8alue R Te4t6.Te4t R,#.$ields;>=.8alue R Te4t>.Te4t R,#.$ields;@=.8alue R Te4t@.Te4t R,#.$ields;B=.8alue R )ombo6.Te4t R,#.$ields;C=.8alue R Te4tC.Te4t R,#.$ields;E=.8alue R )ombo-.Te4t R,#.$ields;#F=.8alue R )ombo2.Te4t R,#.$ields;##=.8alue R Te4t##.Te4t R,#.$ields;#-=.8alue R )ombo#.Te4t R,#.$ields;#2=.8alue R Te4t#-.Te4t R,#.*!date Te4t#.Te4t R LL Te4t-.Te4t R LL Te4t2.Te4t R LL Te4t6.Te4t R LL Te4t>.Te4t R LL Te4t@.Te4t R LL 1nd If 1nd ,ub Private ,ub )ommand-Q)lick;= *nload 9e 1nd ,ub Private ,ub $ormQJoad;= ,et db R (/1ngine.%!en(atabase;'!!.Path S LTL S L(/-)L= ,et rs R db.%!enRecordset;L(/-L db%!en(ynaset=
CB

,et (/# R (/1ngine.%!en(atabase;'!!.Path S LTL S L(/2cL= ,et R,# R (/#.%!enRecordset;L(/2L db%!en(ynaset= )ombo#.'ddItem L')Q#stQclassQchargesL )ombo#.'ddItem L')Q-ndQclassQchargesL )ombo#.'ddItem L')Q2rdQclassQchargesL )ombo#.'ddItem L))QclassQchargesL )ombo#.'ddItem L$)QclassQchargesL )ombo#.'ddItem L,JQclassQchargesL )ombo#.'ddItem L-,QclassQchargesL )ombo-.'ddItem Ls#L )ombo-.'ddItem Ls-L )ombo-.'ddItem Ls2L )ombo6.'ddItem L$emaleL )ombo6.'ddItem L9aleL )ombo2.'ddItem LJowerL )ombo2.'ddItem L9iddleL )ombo2.'ddItem L*!!erL Image#.,tretch R True Image#.Picture R JoadPicture;'!!.Path S LTL S Lqq.KP&L= 1nd ,ub Private ,ub Te4t#QJost$ocus;= fRF rs.$ind$irst LTrainQnoRL : Te4t#.Te4t If ;rs.Go9atch R $alse= Then Te4t-.Te4t R rs.$ields;-= fR# 1nd If If ;f R F= Then 9sg/o4 ;L train no is not foundL= Te4t#.Te4t R LL Te4t-.Te4t R LL Te4t#.,et$ocus 1nd If 1nd ,ub

O(tp(t $,

CC

FOR- A $ 7CANCEL RESER2ATION8

CE

(im db 's (atabase (im rs 's Recordset Private ,ub )ommand#Q)lick;= ' R 9sg/o4;Ldo you want really delete L vb%H)ancel= If ;' R #= Then rs.$ind$irst LtnoRL : Te4t#;F=.Te4t rs.(elete Te4t#;F=.Te4t R LL Te4t-.Te4t R LL Te4t2.Te4t R LL Te4t6.Te4t R LL Te4t>.Te4t R LL Te4t@.Te4t R LL Te4tB.Te4t R LL Te4tC.Te4t R LL Te4tE.Te4t R LL Te4t#F.Te4t R LL Te4t##.Te4t R LL
EF

Te4t#-.Te4t R LL 1nd If 1nd ,ub Private ,ub )ommand-Q)lick;= *nload 9e 1nd ,ub Private ,ub $ormQJoad;= ,et db R (/1ngine.%!en(atabase;'!!.Path S LTL S Ldb2cL= ,et rs R db.%!enRecordset;Ldb2L db%!en(ynaset= Image#.,tretch R True Image#.Picture R JoadPicture;'!!.Path S LTL S Lrr.KP&L= 1nd ,ub Private ,ub Te4t#QJost$ocus;Inde4 's Integer= fRF If ;Te4t#;F=.Te4t VU LL= Then rs.$ind$irst LtnoRL : Te4t#;F=.Te4t If rs.Go9atch R $alse Then Te4t-.Te4t R rs.$ields;#=.8alue Te4t2.Te4t R rs.$ields;-=.8alue Te4t6.Te4t R rs.$ields;2=.8alue Te4t>.Te4t R rs.$ields;6=.8alue Te4t@.Te4t R rs.$ields;>=.8alue Te4tB.Te4t R rs.$ields;@=.8alue Te4tC.Te4t R rs.$ields;B=.8alue Te4tE.Te4t R rs.$ields;C=.8alue Te4t#F.Te4t R rs.$ields;E=.8alue Te4t##.Te4t R rs.$ields;#F=.8alue Te4t#-.Te4t R rs.$ields;##=.8alue Te4t#2.Te4t R rs.$ields;#-=.8alue Te4t#6.Te4t R rs.$ields;#2=.8alue fR# 1nd If If ;f R F= Then 9sg/o4 ;Lno is not found L= Te4t#;F=.Te4t R LL Te4t-.Te4t R LL Te4t2.Te4t R LL
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FOR- B $ 7SEARC BY PASSEN4ER NA-E8

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FOR- 11 $ 7EDITIN4 PASSEN4ER INFOR-ATION8

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INTRODUCTION

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In todayXs world com!uters are making us manage different fields much more easily and efficiently. Through there are difference areas where com!uter has gained a !rominent !lace like 1ntertainment 1ducation /anking and various industries various colleges universities are using com!uters for accom!lishing different kinds of tasks.

's todayXs railways are nothing less than organi"ation various de!artments like 'ccounts /ooking !lacement cell administration etc are in o!eration. %ne of the above s!ecified areas in Indian railways system. 7hich have really transformed itself from those old days of maintaining court less registers regarding information of ticketsY. In todayXs era every things is on cycle of mouse whether it is know about ticket status or u!dating list of ticket calculation of cost. If books are late com!uter have made easy not only for the Railways lines !ersonnel but also for the !assenger management of railways line regarding any kind of information.

#F@

This railways system tries to !erform each of the activity stated above in an effective manner. It is easy to use user+friendly software. The system allows Railway lines !ersonnel to different laid of activities such as0 9aintaining the train status 9aintaining the issue of ticket. 9aintaining the memberXs list etc . so on

(ifferent kinds of re!orts for various informationXs are !rovided.

#FB

FACILITY OF INDIAN RAIL3AYS


Indian Railways offers the facility of general Train 1nquiry and reserving the ticket in advance. It allows the !eo!le to !lan out their journey in advance comfortably and almost effortlessly. The Railway 'dministration !rovides the reservations of seats berths com!artments or carriage as !er the rules and conditions documented in the )oaching Tariff.

' !assenger looking for reservation of berth or seats should acquire tickets from the Railway Reservation %ffices or 'uthori"ed Travel 'gency only. The timings for booking the reservation and general enquiry are usually between C am to C !m every day e4ce!t for ,unday when the timings are C am to - !m. $acility for enquiry related to the seats berth and train timings are also available at all these reservation counters. In order to ease the booking !rocedure in metros like 9umbai (elhi and )hennai multi!le centers of ticket booking are set u!.

#FC

4e#eral Co#'"t"o#s !or Tra"# Reser&at"o#


'dvance reservations ;'RP= can be made 1C 'a.s in advance of the journey date for all classes and every train. This !eriod of advance reservation e4cludes the day of train de!arture. 'RP is calculated in relation to journey date from originating train station. Therefore at intermediate stations if the train arrives on the following day reservations can be made over @F days in advance of journey date from the intermediate station.

Passengers seeking reservation need to com!lete and submit a reservation requisition form. It should be com!letely filled with all the required details including the train number journey date and class of accommodation originating and the destination station. Reservation can be a!!lied for ma4imum of @ !ersons in a single form !rovided they should have the same destination station and booking for same train. %nce the requisition form is acce!ted then ticket is booked by com!uter in accordance with !re defined logic. ' !erson can submit only one requisition form at a time however if he is a!!lying for onward or return journey then one can submit - or 2 forms. ' journey ticket needs to be !urchased in order to reserve the accommodation and no !rovisional reservation is entertained.

#FE

Passengers are advised to quote PGR number for any enquiry or com!laint concerning to reservations. )om!uteri"ed Reservation ticket should be accom!anied by the journey tickets on train. Passengers should note down the correct de!arture time !rinted on the ticket and must make certain timings from the Railway station on the journey day. 's the tickets are issued u! to @F days in advance it is not !ossible to advise any changes in timing.

'dvance Reservation and 1nquiry0 Indian Railways offers the facility of general Train 1nquiry and reserving the ticket in advance. It allows the !eo!le to !lan out their journey in advance comfortably and almost effortlessly. The Railway 'dministration !rovides the reservations of seats

##F

berths com!artments or carriage as !er the rules and conditions documented in the )oaching Tariff. ' !assenger looking for reservation of berth or seats should acquire tickets from the Railway Reservation %ffices or 'uthori"ed Travel 'gency only. The timings for booking the reservation and general enquiry are usually between C am to C !m every day e4ce!t for ,unday when the timings are C am to - !m. $acility for enquiry related to the seats berth and train timings are also available at all these reservation counters. In order to ease the booking !rocedure in metros like 9umbai (elhi and )hennai multi!le centers of ticket booking are set u!.

###

T E LO4O OF INDIAN RAIL3AYS

##-

ROUTE -AP

##2

Passenger
Indian Railways o!erates about E FFF !assenger trains and trans!orts -F million !assengers daily across twenty+eight states and two union territories. ,ikkim and 9eghalaya are the only states not connected by rail. ' standard !assenger train consists of eighteen coaches but !o!ular trains can have u! to -@ coaches.

)oaches are designed to accommodate anywhere from #C to #FC !assengers but during the holiday seasons andAor on busy routes more !assengers may travel in unreserved coaches. 9ost regular trains have coaches connected through vestibules. <owever 5unreserved coaches5 are not connected with the rest of the train via any vestibule. Reservation against cancellation service is a !rovision for shared berth in case the travel ticket is not confirmed. The last timetabled !assenger service running under steam locomotive !ower ended in -FFF in &ujarat. 'll current !assenger service is !rovided using electric or diesel locomotives e4ce!t for the rack section of the Gilgiri
##6

9ountain Railway ;G9R= which still relies on ,wiss+built O class steamers to do the job.

-ODERN PASSEN4ER TRAIN $

T.pes o! passe#:er ser&"ces $


Trains are classified by their average s!eed. ' faster train has fewer sto!s ;LhaltsL= than a slower one and usually caters to long+distance travel.

##>

Ra#D

Tra"#

D(ro#to E<presses

Raj')a#" E<presses

Descr"pt"o# These are the non+sto! !oint to !oint rail services ;e4ce!t for o!erational sto!s= introduced for the first time in -FFE. These trains connects the metros and major state ca!itals of India and are faster than Rajdhani 14!resses. The (uronto services consists of classes of accommodation namely first ') two+tier ') three+tier ') ') 2 Tier 1conomy ,lee!er )lass &eneral )lass. These are all air+conditioned trains linking major cities to Gew (elhi. The Rajdhanis have high !riority and are one of the fastest trains in India travelling at about #6F kmAh ;CB m!h=. There are only a few sto!s on a Rajdhani route.

>

S)ata%'" a#' The ,hatabdi trains are ') intercity seater+ty!e trains. Kan+ ?a# S)ata%'" ,hatabdi trains consists of both ') and non+') classes. E<presses $ully air conditioned trains designed for those who cannot afford to travel in the e4!ensive ,hatabti and Rajdhani 4ar"% Rat) 14!resses &arib Rath means L)hariot of the PoorL. The ma4imum s!eed is #2F kmAh. These are trains that have an average s!eed greater than S(per!ast >> kmAh ;26 m!h=. Tickets for these trains have an -a"lKE<press additional su!er+fast surcharge. These are the most common kind of trains in India. They -a"lKE<press have more sto!s than their su!er+fast counter!arts but they sto! only at relatively im!ortant intermediate stations. These are slow trains that sto! at most stations along the Passe#:er and route and are the chea!est trains. The entire train consists of Fast Passe#:er the &eneral+ty!e com!artments. Trains that o!erate in urban areas usually sto! at all S(%(r%a# tra"#s stations.

B C

Suburban rail
##@

9any cities have their own dedicated suburban networks to cater to commuters. )urrently suburban networks o!erate in 9umbai )hennai Holkata (elhi <yderabad 'hmedabad Pune and Jucknow+Han!ur. <yderabad Pune and Jucknow+Han!ur do not have dedicated suburban tracks but share the tracks with long distance trains. Gew (elhi Holkata and )hennai have their own metro networks namely the Gew (elhi 9etro the Holkata 9etro and the )hennai 9RT, with dedicated tracks mostly laid on a flyover.

,uburban trains that handle commuter traffic are mostly electric multi!le units. They usually have nine coaches or sometimes twelve to handle rush hour traffic. %ne unit of an 19* train consists of one !ower car and two general coaches. Thus a nine coach 19* is made u! of three units having one !ower car at each end and one at the middle. The rakes in 9umbai run on direct current while those elsewhere use alternating current.Z-@[ ' standard coach is designed to accommodate E@ seated !assengers but the actual number of !assengers can easily double or tri!le with standees during rush hour.

Acco**o'at"o# classes

##B

,everal long trains are com!osed of two to three classes of travel such as a #st and -nd classes which have different !ricing systems for various amenities. The #st )lass refers to coaches with se!arate cabins coaches can be air+conditioned or non air+conditioned. $urther other ') classes can have - or 2 tier berths with higher !rices for the former 2+tier non+') coaches or -nd class seating coaches which are !o!ular among !assengers going on shorter journeys. In air+conditioned slee!er classes !assengers are !rovided with sheets !illows and blankets. 9eals and refreshments are !rovided to all the !assengers of reserved classes either through the on+board !antry service or through s!ecial catering arrangements in trains without !antry car. *nreserved coach !assengers have o!tions of !urchasing from licensed vendors either on board or on the !latform of intermediate sto!s. The amenities de!end on the !o!ularity and length of the route. Javatories are communal and feature both the Indian style as well as the 7estern style. The following table lists the classes in o!eration. Got all classes may be attached to a rake though.

Class Descr"pt"o# 1A The F"rst class AC0 This is the most e4!ensive class where the fares are on !ar with airlines. /edding is included with the fare in IR. This

##C

2A

FC 3A

3E

CC EC SL

2S

air conditioned coach is !resent only on !o!ular routes between metro!olitan cities and can carry #C !assengers. The coaches are car!eted have slee!ing accommodation and have !rivacy features like !ersonal cou!es. AC,T5o t"er0 'ir conditioned coaches with slee!ing berths am!le leg room curtains and individual reading lam!s. /erths are usually arranged in two tiers in bays of si4 four across the width of the coach then the gangway then two berths longways with curtains !rovided to give some !rivacy from those walking u! and down. /edding is included with the fare. ' broad gauge coach can carry 6C !assengers. F"rst class0 ,ame as #') without the air conditioning. This class is not very common. AC t)ree t"er0 'ir conditioned coaches with slee!ing berths. /erths are usually arranged as in -') but with three tiers across the width and two longways as before giving eight bays of eight. They are slightly less well a!!ointed usually no reading lights or curtained off gangways. /edding is included with fare. It carries @6 !assengers in broad gauge. AC t)ree t"er 7Eco#o*.80 'ir conditioned coaches with slee!ing berths !resent in &arib Rath Trains. /erths are usually arranged as in 2') but with three tiers across the width and three longways. They are slightly less well a!!ointed usually no reading lights or curtained off gangways. /edding is not included with fare. AC c)a"r car0 'n air+conditioned seater coach with a total of five seats in a row used for day travel between cities. E<ec(t"&e class c)a"r car0 'n air+conditioned seater coach with a total of four seats in a row used for day travel between cities. Sleeper class0 The slee!er class is the most common coach and usually ten or more coaches could be attached. These are regular slee!ing coaches with three berths vertically stacked. In broad gauge it carries B- !assengers !er coach. Railways have modified certain ,lee!er )oaches on !o!ular trains to accommodate C# !assengers in !lace of regular B- !assengers. This was done in order to facilitate benefits like clear the Passenger rush and simultaneously earn more revenue. /ut this has got lukewarm res!onse with criticism from the travellers and railways has decided to remove them. Seater class0 same as ') )hair car but with bench style seats and without the air+conditioning.

##E

UR

U#reser&e'0 The chea!est accommodation with seats made of !ressed wood and are rarely cushioned. 'lthough entry into the com!artment is guaranteed a sitting seat is not guaranteed. Tickets issued are valid on any train on the same route if boarded within -6 hours of buying the ticket. These coaches are usually very crowded.

't the rear of the train is a s!ecial com!artment known as the guard5s cabin. It is fitted with a transceiver and is where the guard usually gives the all clear signal before the train de!arts. ' standard !assenger rake generally has four general com!artments two at the front and two behind of which one is e4clusively for ladies. The e4act number varies according to the demand and the route. ' luggage com!artment can also e4ist at the front or the back. In some trains a se!arate mail com!artment is !resent. In long+distance trains a !antry car is usually included in the centre.

Freight Rail

#-F

' single line rail bridge IR carries a huge variety of goods ranging from mineral ores fertili"ers and !etrochemicals agricultural !roduce iron : steel multimodal traffic and others. Ports and major urban areas have their own dedicated freight lines and yards. 9any im!ortant freight sto!s have dedicated !latforms and inde!endent lines.

Indian Railways makes BF\ of its revenues and most of its !rofits from the freight sector and uses these !rofits to cross+subsidise the loss+making !assenger sector. <owever com!etition from trucks which offer chea!er rates has seen a decrease in freight traffic in recent years. ,ince the #EEFs Indian Railways has switched from small consignments to larger container movement which has hel!ed s!eed u! its o!erations. 9ost of its freight earnings come from such rakes carrying bulk goods such as coal cement food grains and iron ore. Indian Railways also trans!orts vehicles over long distances. Trucks that carry goods to a !articular location are hauled back by trains saving the trucking com!any on unnecessary fuel e4!enses. Refrigerated vans are also available in many areas. The L&reen 8anL is a s!ecial ty!e used to trans!ort fresh food and vegetables. Recently Indian Railways introduced the s!ecial 5)ontainer Rajdhani5 or )%GR'K for high !riority freight. The highest s!eed notched u! for a freight train is #FF kilometres !er hour ;@- m!h= for a 6 BFF metric tonne load.
#-#

Recent changes have sought to boost the earnings from freight. ' !rivati"ation scheme was introduced recently to im!rove the !erformance of freight trains. )om!anies are being allowed to run their own container trains. The first length of an ## FFF+kilometre ;@ CFF mi= freight corridor linking India5s biggest cities has recently been a!!roved. The railways has increased load limits for the system5s --> FFF freight wagons by ##\ legali"ing something that was already ha!!ening. (ue to increase in manufacturing trans!ort in India that was augmented by the increase in fuel cost trans!ortation by rail became advantageous financially. Gew measures such as s!eeding u! the turnaround times have added some -6\ to freight revenues.

De'"cate' Fre":)t Corr"'or


*nder the 1leventh $ive Mear Plan of India;-FFBD-F#-= 9inistry of Railways is constructing a new (edicated $reight )orridor ;($)= covering about -B@- route km long two routes + the 1astern )orridor from Judhiana to ,one Gagar and the 7estern )orridor from Kawaharlal Gehru Port at Ghava ,heva 9umbai to TughlakabadA(adri along with interlinking of two corridors at (adri. *!grading of trans!ortation technology increase in !roductivity and reduction in unit trans!ortation cost are the focus areas for the !roject. 'ccording to initial estimates the !roject would cost -F >FF crore ;*,]6.6 billion=.

' new com!any L(edicated $reight )orridor )or!oration of India Jimited;($))IJ=L designated as a Xs!ecial !ur!ose vehicleX has been created to undertake !lanning : develo!ment mobili"ation of financial

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resources and construction maintenance and o!eration of the (edicated $reight )orridors. ($))IJ has been registered as a com!any under the )om!anies 'ct #E>@ on 2F %ctober -FF@. Rail budget and finances The Railway /udget deals with !lanned infrastructure e4!enditure on the railways as well as with the o!erating revenue and e4!enditure for the u!coming fiscal years the !ublic elements of which are usually the induction and im!rovement of e4isting trains and routes !lanned investment in new and e4isting infrastructure elements and the tariff for freight and !assenger travel. The Parliament discusses the !olicies and allocations !ro!osed in the budget. The budget needs to be !assed by a sim!le majority in the Jok ,abha ;Jower <ouse=. The comments of the Rajya ,abha ;*!!er <ouse= are non+binding. Indian Railways is subject to the same audit control as other government revenue and e4!enditures. /ased on antici!ated traffic and the !rojected tariff requirement of resources for ca!ital and revenue e4!enditure of railways is worked out. 7hile the revenue e4!enditure is met entirely by railways itself the shortfall in the ca!ital ;!lan= e4!enditure is met !artly from borrowings ;raised by Indian Railway $inance )or!oration= and the rest from /udgetary su!!ort from the )entral &overnment. Indian Railways !ays dividend to the )entral &overnment for the ca!ital invested by the )entral &overnment. 's !er the ,e!aration )onvention ;on the recommendations of the 'cworth )ommittee= #E-6 the Railway /udget is !resented to the Parliament by the *nion Railway 9inister two days !rior to the &eneral /udget usually around -@ $ebruary. Though the Railway /udget is se!arately !resented to the Parliament the figures relating to the recei!t and e4!enditure of the Railways are also shown in the &eneral /udget since they are a !art and !arcel of the total recei!ts and e4!enditure of the &overnment of India. This document serves as a balance sheet of o!erations of the Railways during the !revious year and lists out !lans for e4!ansion for the current year. The formation of !olicy and overall control of the railways is vested in Railway /oard com!rising the )hairman the $inancial )ommissioner and other functional members of Traffic 1ngineering 9echanical 1lectrical and ,taff de!artments. Indian Railways which a few years ago was o!erating at a loss has in recent years been generating !ositive cash flows and been meeting its

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dividend obligations to the government with ;unaudited= o!erating !rofits going u! substantially.Z6F[ The railway re!orted a cash sur!lus of EFF crore ;*,]#E>.2 million= in -FF> #6 FFF crore ;*,]2 billion= in -FF@ -F FFF crore ;*,]6.2 billion= in -FFB and -> FFF crore ;*,]>.6 billion= for the -FFB+-FFC fiscal year. Its o!erating ratio im!roved to B@\ while in the last four years its !lan si"e increased from #2 FFF crore ;*,]-.C billion= to 2F FFF crore ;*,]@.> billion=. The !ro!osed investment for the -FFC+-FFE fiscal year is 2B >FF crore ;*,]C.# billion= -#\ more than for the !revious fiscal year. /udget 1stimates+-FFC for $reight Passenger ,undry other 1arnings and other )oaching 1arnings have been ke!t at >- BFF crore ;*,]##.6 billion= -# @C# crore ;*,]6.B billion= > FFF crore ;*,]#.# billion= and - 6-F crore ;*,]>->.# million= res!ectively. 9aintaining an overall double digit growth &ross Traffic 1arnings have been !rojected as E2 #>E crore in -FFED#F ;#E.# billion *,( at current rate= e4ceeding the revised estimates for the current fiscal by #F B@@ crore ;*,]-.2 billion=. 'round -F\ of the !assenger revenue is earned from the u!!er class segments of the !assenger segment ;the air+conditioned classes=. The ,i4th Pay )ommission was constituted by the &overnment of India in -FF> to review the !ay structure of government em!loyees and submitted its recommendations in '!ril -FFC. /ased on its recommendations the salaries of all Railways officers and staff were to be revised with retros!ective effect w.e.f. Kanuary # -FF@ resulting in an e4!enditure of over #2 FFF crore ;*,]-.C billion= in -FFC+FE and #6 FFF crore ;*,]2 billion= in -FFED#F. )onsequently staff costs have risen from 66\ of ordinary working e4!enses to >-\.

FUTURE SCOPE AND FUTURE EN ANCE-ENT OF T E PRO?ECT

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's most of the business documentation works through com!uter therefore this is useful for railway lines. The !ur!ose of com!uteri"ation is basic need for organi"ations at this time because it is hel!ful to decrease the lot of mistakes which are comes through manual work and reduce the calculation gra!h thatXs why such modification : im!rovement is nothing but com!uteri"ation in India. This !roject focuses on how we can maintain the all transaction like Reservation of !assengers. 't this time !roject is develo!ed only for single user and my future sco!e is to add all o!erations regarding multi user so as to connect all Reservation counters with each other to find out the any transaction and records of any train and also we can find out the current information of any train.

CONCLUSION

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This !roject is one of the modules of IRAIL3AY RESER2ATION SYSTE-J . 7e have taken different forms and try to cover or fulfill all the requirements of the R'IJ7'M R1,1R8'TI%G. This !roject is hel!ful for Railway reservation which deals with reserving tickets for different categories and maintains their database. The !roject on railway reservation is like a challenge for us which we acce!ted : com!leted with the best of our efforts knowledge : skills.

BIBLIO4RAP Y

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Information Practices D ;,umita 'rora= 8isual /asic @.F D ;&ary )ornell= 8/ @.F Programming /lack /ook D ;,teven <ol"ner= 9, D 'ccess

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