War in Darfur From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Darfur conflict) Jump to: navigation, search

War in Darfur Darfur refugee camp in Chad Date !!"#present $ocation Darfur %tatus Conflict ongoing& humanitarian catastrophe (est' !!,!!!()!!,!!! dead and ,*!!,!!! displaced)' +elligerents J,- factions .RF alliance /.0-1D Jan2a3eed %udan %$- (-inna3i) Commanders 14rahim 5halil 0hmed Diraige -artin $uther 0g3ai 6mar al(+ashir -inni -inna3i %trength .70 8,!!! .70 9he War in Darfur (called the Darfur :enocide 4y the /nited %tates :overnment;<=) is a military conflict in the Darfur region of 3estern %udan' /nlike the %econd %udanese Civil War, the current lines of conflict are seen to 4e ethnic and tri4al, rather than religious'; = 6ne side of the armed conflict is composed mainly of the %udanese military and the Jan2a3eed, a militia group recruited mostly from the 0ra4 +aggara tri4es of the northern Ri>eigat, camel(herding nomads' 9he other side comprises a variety of re4el groups, nota4ly the %udan $i4eration -ovement and the Justice and ,?uality -ovement, recruited primarily from the land(tilling non(0ra4 Fur, @agha3a, and -assaleit ethnic groups' 9he %udanese government, 3hile pu4licly denying that it supports the Jan2a3eed, has provided money and assistance to the militia and has participated in 2oint attacks targeting the tri4es from 3hich the re4els dra3 support';"= 9he conflict 4egan in Fe4ruary of !!"' 9he com4ination of decades of drought, desertification, and overpopulation are among the causes of the Darfur conflict, 4ecause the +aggara nomads searching for 3ater have to take their livestock further south, to land mainly occupied 4y non(0ra4 farming communities';)= 9here are many casualty estimates, most concurring on a range 3ithin the hundreds of thousands of people' 9he /nited .ations (/.) estimates that the conflict, Ahas left as many as )*!,!!! dead from violence and disease'A;*= -ost non(governmental organi>ations use !!,!!! to more than )!!,!!!& the latter is a figure from the Coalition for 1nternational Justice';B= %udanCs government claims that over 8,!!! people have 4een killed, although this figure is seen as a gross underestimate';D=;E= 0s many as '* million are thought to have 4een displaced as of 6cto4er !!B' ;8= (see Counting deaths section, 4elo3)' 9he %udanese government has suppressed information 4y 2ailing and killing 3itnesses since !!) and tampered 3ith evidence such as mass graves to eliminate their forensic values;<!=;<<=;< = 1n addition, 4y o4structing and arresting 2ournalists, the %udanese government has 4een a4le to o4scure much of 3hat has gone on';<"=;<)=;<*=;<B= 9he /nited %tates government has descri4ed it as genocide,;<D= although the /. has stated it is not genocide ;<E=(see $ist of declarations of genocide in Darfur)' 1n -arch !!D the /. mission accused %udanCs government of orchestrating and taking part in Agross violationsA in Darfur and called for urgent international action to protect civilians there' 0fter fighting 3orsened in July and 0ugust, on 0ugust "<, !!B, the /nited .ations %ecurity Council approved Resolution <D!B 3hich called for a ne3 <D,"!!(troop /. peacekeeping force called /.0-1D to supplant or supplement a poorly funded and ill(e?uipped D,!!!(troop 0frican /nion -ission in %udan peacekeeping force' %udan strongly o42ected to the resolution and said that it 3ould

see the /. forces in the region as foreign invaders' 9he neFt day, the %udanese military launched a ma2or offensive in the region' (%ee .e3 proposed /. peacekeeping force) $ist of a44reviations used in this article 0/: 0frican /nion D$F: Darfur $i4eration Front 1DG: 1nternally Displaced Gerson J,-: Justice and ,?uality -ovement .RF: .ational Redemption Front %$0: %udan $i4eration 0rmy %$-: %udan $i4eration -ovement %G$0: %udan GeopleCs $i4eration 0rmy /.: /nited .ations /.0-1D: /nited .ations 0frican /nion -ission in Darfur /.%C: /nited .ations %ecurity Council Contents ;hide= < +ackground 9imeline " 1nternational "'< :enocide claims "' Criticism of international response ) Counting deaths * %preading of violence B 1n popular culture D %ee also E References

;edit= +ackground -ain article: History of Darfur 9he conflict taking place in Darfur has many inter3oven causes' While rooted in structural ine?uality 4et3een the center of the country around the .ile and the CperipheralC areas such as Darfur, tensions 3ere eFacer4ated in the last t3o decades of the t3entieth century 4y a com4ination of environmental calamity, non(sustaina4le fast population gro3th, desertification, political opportunism and regional politics;<8=' 6n June <B, !!D, /. %ecretary :eneral +an 5i(moon released a statement in 3hich he proposed that the slaughter in Darfur 3as caused Aat least in part from climate changeA, and that it Aderives, to some degree, from man(made glo4al 3armingA'; != A9he scale of historical climate change, as recorded in .orthern Darfur, is almost unprecedented: the reduction in rainfall has turned millions of hectares of already marginal semi(desert gra>ing land into desert' 9he impact of climate change is considered to 4e directly related to the conflict in the region, as desertification has added significantly to the stress on the livelihoods of pastoralist societies, forcing them to move south to find pasture,A the /.,G report states'; <= 0 point of particular confusion has 4een the characteri>ation of the conflict as one 4et3een C0ra4C and C0fricanC populations, a dichotomy that one historian descri4es as A4oth true and falseA'; =; "= 1n the late fourteenth or early fifteenth century, the 5eira dynasty of the Fur people of the -arrah -ountains esta4lished a sultanate 3ith 1slam as the state religion' 9he sultanate 3as con?uered 4y the 9urco(,gyptian force eFpanding south along the .ile, 3hich 3as in turn defeated 4y the -uhammad 0hmad, the self(proclaimed -ahdi' 9he -ahdist state collapsed under the onslaught of the +ritish force led 4y Her4ert 5itchener, 3ho esta4lished an 0nglo(,gyptian co(dominium to rule %udan' 9he +ritish allo3ed Darfur de 2ure autonomy until <8<B 3hen they invaded and incorporated the region into %udan'; )= Within 0nglo(,gyptian %udan, the 4ulk of resources 3ere devoted to3ard 5hartoum and +lue .ile Grovince, leaving the rest of the country relatively undeveloped'

0n internally displaced persons camp in Darfur9he inha4itants of the .ile Ialley, 3hich had received the 4ulk of +ritish investment, continued the pattern of economic and political marginali>ation after independence 3as achieved in <8*B' 1n the <8BE elections, factionalism 3ithin the ruling /mma Garty led candidates, nota4ly %adi? al(-ahdi, to try to split off portions of the Darfuri electorate either 4y 4laming the regionCs underdevelopment on the 0ra4s, in the case of appeals to the stationary peoples, or 4y appealing to the +aggara semi(nomads to support their fello3 .ile 0ra4s' 9his 0ra4(0frican dichotomy, 3hich 3as not an indigenously developed 3ay of perceiving local relations, 3as eFacer4ated after $i4yan Gresident -uammar al(:addafi 4ecame focused on esta4lishing an 0ra4 4elt across the %ahel and promulgated an ideology of 0ra4 supremacy'; *= 0s a result of a se?uence of interactions 4et3een %udan, $i4ya and Chad from the late <8*!s through the <8E!s, including the creation of the $i4yan(supported 1slamic $egion, %udanese Gresident :aafar .imeiry esta4lished Darfur as a rear 4ase for the re4el force led 4y HissJne Ha4rK, 3hich 3as attempting to overthro3 the Chadian government and 3as also anti(:addafi'; B= 1n <8E" and <8E), the rains failed and the region 3as plunged into a famine'; D= 9he famine killed an estimated 8*,!!! people out of a population of "'< million' .imeiry 3as overthro3n on * 0pril <8E*, and %adi? al(-ahdi came out of eFile, making a deal 3ith :addafi, 3hich al(-ahdi did not honor, to turn over Darfur to $i4ya if he 3as supplied 3ith the funds to 3in the upcoming elections'; E= 1n early !!", t3o local re4el groups L the Justice and ,?uality -ovement (J,-) and the %udan $i4eration -ovement (%$-); 8= L accused the government of oppressing non(0ra4s' 9he %$-, 3hich is much larger than the J,-, is generally associated 3ith the Fur and -asalit, as 3ell as the Wagi clan of the @agha3a, 3hile the J,- is associated 3ith the 5o4e clan of @agha3a' $ater that year, leaders of 4oth groups, the %udanese :overnment and representatives of the 1nternational diplomatic community 3ere 4rought together in :eneva 4y the Center for Humanitarian Dialogue to look at 3ays of addressing the humanitarian crisis' 1n !!), the J,- 2oined the ,astern Front, a group set up in !!) as an alliance 4et3een t3o eastern tri4al re4el groups, the Rashaida tri4eCs Free $ions and the +e2a Congress' 9he J,- has also 4een accused of 4eing controlled 4y Hassan al(9ura4i' 6n January !, !!B, %$- declared a merger 3ith the Justice and ,?uality -ovement to form the 0lliance of Revolutionary Forces of West %udan' Ho3ever, in -ay of that year, the %$- and J,3ere again negotiating as separate entities' ;edit= 9imeline War in Darfur 9imeline 1nternational response 0-1% Com4atants %$J,Jan2a3eed 6ther articles History of Darfur +i4liography 9his 4oF: vie3 M talk M edit -ain article: 9imeline of the War in Darfur 0 re4ellion started in !!" against the 0ra4(dominated %udanese government, 3ith t3o local re4el groups ( the Justice and ,?uality -ovement (J,-) and the %udanese $i4eration 0rmy (%$0) ( accusing the government of oppressing non(0ra4s in favor of 0ra4s' 9he government 3as also accused of neglecting the Darfur region of %udan' 1n response, the government mounted a campaign of aerial 4om4ardment supporting ground attacks 4y an 0ra4 militia, the Jan2a3eed' 9he government(supported Jan2a3eed 3ere accused of committing ma2or human rights violations, including mass killing, looting, and systematic rape of the non(0ra4 population of Darfur' 9hey have fre?uently 4urned do3n 3hole villages, driving the surviving inha4itants to flee to refugee camps, mainly in Darfur and Chad& many of the camps in Darfur are surrounded 4y Jan2a3eed forces' +y the summer of !!), *!,!!! to E!,!!!

people had 4een killed and at least a million had 4een driven from their homes, causing a ma2or humanitarian crisis in the region' 6n %eptem4er <E, !!), the /. %ecurity Council passed Resolution <*B), 3hich called for a Commission of 1n?uiry on Darfur to assess the %udanese conflict' 6n January "<, !!*, the /. released a <DB(Gage report saying that 3hile there 3ere mass murders and rapes, they could not la4el it as genocide 4ecause Agenocidal intent appears to 4e missingA';"!= ;"<= -any activists, ho3ever, refer to the crisis in Darfur as a genocide, including the %ave Darfur Coalition and the :enocide 1ntervention .et3ork' 9hese organi>ations point to statements 4y former /'%' %ecretary of %tate Colin Go3ell, referring to the conflict as a genocide' 6ther activists organi>ations, such as 0mnesty 1nternational, 3hile calling for international intervention, avoid the use of the term genocide' 1n -ay !!B the main re4el group, the %udanese $i4eration -ovement, agreed to a draft peace agreement 3ith the %udanese government' 6n -ay *th, the agreement, drafted in 04u2a, .igeria, 3as signed 4y 4oth sides' ;edit= 1nternational 9he %ave Darfur Coalition advocacy group coordinated a large rally in Washington, D'C' in 0pril !!B-ain article: 1nternational response to the Darfur conflict 1nternational attention to the Darfur conflict largely 4egan 3ith reports 4y the advocacy organi>ations 0mnesty 1nternational in July !!" and the 1nternational Crisis :roup in Decem4er !!"' Ho3ever, 3idespread media coverage did not start until the outgoing /nited .ations Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator for %udan, -ukesh 5apila, called Darfur the A3orldCs greatest humanitarian crisisA in -arch !!)';" = 0 movement advocating for humanitarian intervention has emerged in several countries since then' :Krard Grunier, a scholar speciali>ing in 0frican conflicts, argues that the 3orldCs most po3erful countries have largely limited their response to eFpressions of concern and demands that the /nited .ations take action' 9he /., lacking 4oth the funding and military support of the 3ealthy countries, has left the 0frican /nion to deploy a token force (0-1%) 3ithout a mandate to protect civilians' 1n the lack of foreign political 3ill to address the political and economic structures that underlie the conflict, the international community has defined the Darfur conflict in humanitarian assistance terms and de4ated the AgenocideA la4el';""= 0ttacks in January !!E and Fe4ruary !!E 4y %udanese forces on Darfur villagers are descri4ed in a /'.' report, from -arch !, !!E, as Aviolations of international humanitarian and human rights la3'A; = ;edit= :enocide claims -ain article: 1nternational response to the Darfur conflictNDeclarations of genocide 6n %eptem4er <E, !!), the /. %ecurity Council passed Resolution <*B), 3hich called for a Commission of 1n?uiry on Darfur to assess the %udanese conflict' 9he /. report released on January "<, !!* stated that 3hile there 3ere mass murders and rapes, they could not la4el it as genocide 4ecause Agenocidal intent appears to 4e missingA';")=;"*= 9o address the dire human rights and humanitarian emergency in Darfur, the /nited .ations has taken several steps, 4ut all of these have 4een frustrated 4y the :overnment of the %udan 3ith the support of a num4er of other governments, including ,gypt and 0lgeria' 0 mounted Jan2a3eed miltiaman'1n January !!*, the /. %ecretary(:eneralCs Commission of 1n?uiry on Darfur issued a 3ell documented report that indicated that there 3as 4y then already some <'B million internally displaced persons as a result of the ongoing violence, more than !!,!!! refugees from Darfur into neigh4ouring Chad, and that :overnment forces and allied militia had committed 3idespread and consistent 3ar crimes and crimes against humanity including murder, torture, mass rape, summary eFecutions and ar4itrary detention' 9he Commission found that technically there 3as

not a genocide in the legal sense of the term 4ut that massive violations of human rights and humanitarian la3 3ere continuing' 9he Commission also found that the Jan2a3eed militia operated alongside or 3ith ground or air logistical support from the :overnmentCs armed forces' 1n -arch !!*, the /. %ecurity Council referred the situation in Darfur to the 1nternational Criminal Court, and the Court has since issued arrest 3arrants for t3o high ranking individuals in the :overnmentCs aparatus' 1n early !!D, a High $evel -ission on the situation of human rights in Darfur 3as set up to look into reports of ongoing violations and to try to 3ork 3ith the :overnment of the %udan to put a stop to the atrocities' 9he -ission 3as led 4y .o4el Gri>e Winner Jody Williams and included a num4er of diplomats and human rights practitioners' 9he -ission travelled to ,thiopia and Chad 4ut it 3as never admitted into %udanese territory itself 4ecause the :overnment refused to issue visas to the -ission' 0s a result, the High $evel -ission could only collect information and in its report of -arch !!D, it underlined the :overnmentCs responsi4ility to protect civilians in Darfur, noting 3ith regret the :overnmentCs a42ect failure to fulfill this responsi4ility' 0round the same time, the /nited .ations Human Rights Council appointed seven /. human rights special rapporteurs to form a group of eFperts on Darfur' 9his group 3as composed of the %pecial Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the %udan, the %pecial Rapporteur on eFtra2udicial, summary or ar4itrary eFecutions, the %pecial Representative of the %ecretary(:eneral for children and armed conflict, the %pecial Rapporteur on violence against 3omen, its causes and conse?uences, the %pecial Representative of the %ecretary(:eneral on the situation of human rights defenders, the Representative of the %ecretary(:eneral on the human rights of internally displaced persons and the %pecial Rapporteur on the ?uestion of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment' 9he Coordinator of the group of eFperts 3as $yal %unga' 1n June !!D, the group of eFperts issued a report that compiled pre(eFisting recommendations that had 4een already issued 4y /. human rights 4odies in order to get the :overnment to implement them' 6n << Decem4er !!D, the group of eFperts issued its final <!B(page report to the Human Rights Council 3hich details the status of the :overnmentCs implementation of the recommendations the group had 4rought together and 3hich concluded that the :overnmentCs implementation of human rights recommendations has 4een largely inade?uate' ;"B=;"D=;"E= 1n !!*, Rep' Henry Hyde (R(1$) and %en' %am +ro3n4ack (R(5%) introduced the Darfur Geace and 0ccounta4ility 0ct, 3hich calls on the /nited %tates to take a more active role in stopping the alleged genocide, encourages .096 participation, and endorses a Chapter I11 mandate for a /. mission in Darfur' 9he 4ill 3as passed 4y the House and %enate and as of 0ugust !!B is in conference committee' 1n 0ugust !!B, the :enocide 1ntervention .et3ork released a Darfur scorecard, rating each mem4er of Congress on legislation relating to the conflict';"8= ;edit= Criticism of international response 6n 6cto4er <B, !!B, -inority Rights :roup (-R:) pu4lished a critical report, challenging that the /. and the great po3ers could have prevented the deepening crisis in Darfur and that fe3 lessons appear to have 4een dra3n from their ineptitude during the R3andan :enocide' -R:Cs eFecutive director, -ark $attimer, stated that: Athis level of crisis, the killings, rape and displacement could have 4een foreseen and avoided ''' Darfur 3ould 2ust not 4e in this situation had the /. systems got its act together after R3anda: their action 3as too little too late'A;)!= 6n 6cto4er !, < ! genocide survivors of the Holocaust, the Cam4odian and R3andan :enocides, 4acked 4y siF aid agencies, su4mitted an open letter to the ,uropean /nion, calling on them to do more to end the atrocities in Darfur, 3ith a /. peacekeeping force as Athe only via4le option'A 0egis 9rust director, James %mith, stated that 3hile Athe 0frican /nion has 3orked very 3ell in Darfur and done 3hat it could, the rest of the 3orld hasnCt supported those efforts the 3ay it should have done 3ith sufficient funds and sufficient e?uipment'A;)<= AHuman Rights FirstA claimed that over 8!O of the light 3eapons currently 4eing imported 4y %udan and used in the conflict are from China;) =& ho3ever, according to A%1GR1 0rms 9ransfers Data for !!DA, in !!"( !!D, %udan received ED per cent of its ma2or conventional 3eapons from Russia and E per cent from China';)"= Human rights advocates and opponents of the %udanese government portray ChinaCs role in providing 3eapons and aircraft as a cynical attempt to o4tain oil and gas 2ust as colonial po3ers once supplied 0frican chieftains 3ith the military means to maintain control as they eFtracted natural resources';))=;)*=;)B= 0ccording to ChinaCs critics, China has offered %udan support

threatening to use its veto on the /'.' %ecurity Council to protect 5hartoum from sanctions and has 4een a4le to 3ater do3n every resolution on Darfur in order to protect its interests in %udan';)D= 1n response to these allegations, Chinese 0m4assador to %udan $i Cheng3en said that AChina played an important role in promoting the agreement of the %udanese government, the 0frican /nion and the /. for the deployment of the Hy4rid Force in Darfur' ChinaCs vie3 is that intensive economic development of the region is a more effective means than harsh economic sanctions, in the effort to sta4ili>e the crisis and alleviate the suffering of the peopleA';"= Chinese Gremier Wen Jia4ao reiterated these vie3s on Fe4ruary !, !!E, and Apointed out that China 3as the first non(0frican nation to send peacekeepers to Darfur and the 4iggest development aid provider to the regionA';)= 9here has 4een further evidence of the %udanese governmentCs murder of civilians to actually facilitate the eFtraction of oil' 9he /'%'(funded Civilian Grotection -onitoring 9eam, 3hich investigates attacks in southern %udan concluded that Aas the :overnment of %udan sought to clear the 3ay for oil eFploration and to create a cordon sanitaire around the oil fields, vast tracts of the Western /pper .ile Region in southern %udan 4ecame the focus of eFtensive military operations'A;)E= %arah Wykes, a senior campaigner at :lo4al Witness, an .:6 that campaigns for 4etter natural resource governance, says: A%udan has purchased a4out P<!!m in arms from China and has used these 3eapons against civilians in Darfur'A;)*= 9here are additional concerns that Chinese oil companies are devastating the environment further inhi4iting the local populationCs a4ility to survive';citation needed= Calls for sustained pressure and possi4le 4oycotts of the 6lympics have come from French presidential candidate FranQois +ayrou,;)8= actor and /.1C,F :ood3ill 0m4assador -ia Farro3, :enocide 1ntervention .et3ork Representative Ronan Farro3,;*!= author and %udan scholar ,ric Reeves;*<= and 9he Washington Gost editorial 4oard';* = %udan divestment efforts have also concentrated on GetroChina, the national petroleum company 3ith eFtensive investments in %udan';*"= 6n the opposite side of the issue, pu4licity given to the Darfur conflict has 4een critici>ed in some segments of the 0ra4 media as eFaggerated' %tatements to this effect take the vie3 that Athe (1sraeli) lo44y prevents any in(depth discussion and diverts the attention from the crimes committed every day in Galestine and 1ra?'A;*)= and that Western attention to the Darfur crisis is Aa cover for 3hat is really 4eing planned and carried out 4y the Western forces of hegemony and control in our 0ra4 3orld'A;**= While Ain .e3 Rork, ''' there are thousands of posters screaming CgenocideC and C)!!,!!! people dead,A in reality only A !!,!!! have 4een killed'A Furthermore, A3hat has 4een doneA in Darfur is Anot genocide,A simply A3ar crimes'A;*B= 0nother complaint made is that Athere is no ethnic cleansing 4eing perpetratedA in Darfur, only Agreat insta4ilityA and Aclashes 4et3een the %udanese government, re4el movements and the Jan2a3eed'A;*D= ;edit= Counting deaths 0 mother 3ith her sick 4a4y at 04u %houk 1DG camp in .orth Darfur'0ccurate num4ers of dead have 4een difficult to estimate, partly 4ecause the %udanese government places formida4le o4stacles in front of 2ournalists attempting to cover the conflict';*E= 1n %eptem4er !!), the World Health 6rgani>ation estimated there had 4een *!,!!! deaths in Darfur since the 4eginning of the conflict, an <E(month period, mostly due to starvation' 0n updated estimate the follo3ing month put the num4er of deaths for the B(month period from -arch to 6cto4er !!) due to starvation and disease at D!,!!!& 9hese figures 3ere critici>ed, 4ecause they only considered short periods and did not include violent deaths';*8= 0 more recent +ritish Garliamentary Report has estimated that over "!!,!!! people have died,;B!= and others have estimated even more' 1n -arch !!*, the /.Cs ,mergency Relief Coordinator Jan ,geland estimated that <!,!!! 3ere dying each month eFcluding deaths due to ethnic violence';B<= 0n estimated million people had at that time 4een displaced from their homes, mostly seeking refuge in camps in DarfurCs ma2or to3ns' 93o hundred thousand had fled to neigh4oring Chad' 1n an 0pril !!* report, the Coalition for 1nternational Justice estimated that )!!,!!! people in Darfur had died since the conflict 4egan, a figure most humanitarian and human rights groups no3 use';B =

6n E 0pril !!B, Dr' ,ric Reeves argued that AeFtant data, in aggregate, strongly suggest that total eFcess mortality in Darfur, over the course of more than three years of deadly conflict, no3 significantly eFceeds )*!,!!!,A 4ut this has not 4een independently verified';B"= 0 < %eptem4er !!B article 4y the official /. .e3s %ervice stated that A/. officials estimate over )!!,!!! people have lost their lives and some million more have 4een driven from their homes'A;B)= Ho3ever, the /. disclosed on 0pril , !!E that it might have underestimated the Darfur death toll 4y nearly *! percent';B*= ;edit= %preading of violence -ain articles: War in Chad and Central 0frican Repu4lic +ush War Iiolence in Darfur spread over the 4order to Chad and the Central 0frican Repu4lic' 1n Chad, nota4ly, the Jan2a3eed 3ere accused of incursions and attacks' ;edit= 1n popular culture -ain article: +i4liography of the Darfur conflict 9he conflict has 4een referenced to in a variety of aspects of popular culture' %everal television sho3s include story lines involving the conflict in episodes of ,R, Dth Heaven, and an episode of 9he West Wing' Documentaries such as A:oogle DarfurA 9he Devil Came on Horse4ack, Darfur .o3 and Facing %udan have 4een used to illustrate the crisis' %ongs have included lyrics a4out the conflict, including A%udanA 4y %tate Radio, A$iving DarfurA 4y -attafiF, A0l :enina ($eave 9he $ight 6n)A 4y 6ur $ady Geace and ACrayons and GaperA 4y 9om Flannery 3hich 3as inspired 4y dra3ings made 4y children in Darfur' 9he comic 4ook %?uadron %upreme: Hyperion vs' .ightha3k, pu4lished 4y -arvel Comics, takes place in the region and highlights the conflict' 0ctors Don Cheadle, -ia Farro3 and :eorge Clooney have used their cele4rity status to help 4ring 3orld attention to the conflict';BB= 6n June < , !!D, 0mnesty 1nternational released 1nstant 5arma: 9he 0mnesty 1nternational Campaign to %ave Darfur' 1t is a compilation al4um of various artists covering songs of John $ennon to 4enefit 0mnesty 1nternationalCs campaign to alleviate the crisis in Darfur' ;edit= %ee also Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Darfur conflictWikine3s has related ne3s: War in DarfurA5hartoum 4ashingA: an article in the 9$% 4y Justin Willis, .ovem4er D !!D History of Darfur, for a 4roader vie3 of the events that have caused the current conflict +i4liography of the Darfur conflict, for all eFternal links to ne3s coverage, documentaries, advocacy initiatives, and other research on the conflict 1nternational response to the Darfur conflict, for the response of individuals, organi>ations and governments to the conflict since !!" Chad(%udan conflict /nited .ations 0frican /nion -ission in Darfur 0frican /nion -ission in %udan /nited .ations %ecurity Council Resolution <D!B War in Chad ( !!*#present) %lavery in %udan ,thnic cleansing $ist of civil 3ars $ist of famines $ist of 3ars 4y death toll :enocides in history Command responsi4ility $ist of 3ars !!"(current