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Consider a thin symmetric aerofoil at 2.5 angle of attack. From the results of thin aerofoil theory, calculate the
c l and the moment coefficient about the leading edge, c m LE .For symmetric aerofoil,
lift coefficient,
1
2
( ) sin d
(1+ cos ) , and = c
= V , ( ) = 2 V
cos cos 0
2
sin
Solutions
c
2
2 V
( ) sin d
0
sin
(1+ cos ) d
0
cl =
= 2.5 0 =
2.5
= 0.0436 rad
180
L
V 2 c
=1
= 2
q S 2 V 2 c 1
c l = 2 0.0436 = 0.274
dL
Leading edge
dL = V d = V ( ) d
M LE = ( V ( ) d ) = V ( ) d
o
o
c
c
c
M LE = ( V ( ) d ) = V (1 cos ) ( ) sin d
o
o 2
2
M LE
c2
= V
2
M LE
c2
= V
2
c mLE =
c2
(1 cos )V (1+ cos ) d = V
2
(1 cos )d
2
2
1 1
1
1
2 c 1
2 2
cos2 d = V sin2 = V c
0
2 2
2 2
4
4
M LE
1
1
=
0.0436 = 0.0685
2
1
2
2
V
c
1
c
(
)
Problem 2
A camber line in a stream of speed V is designed to have a lift distribution
corresponding to a chord wise vortex distribution
( ) = 2V
cL
1
sin + sin2 ,
where x =
c
its design incidence (i.e when A0 = 0 ) is L .
12
c
(1 cos ) , 0
2
z 2c L x
x x
=
2 1 and that
c 3 c
c c
1+ cos
dz
= A0 + An cos n 0 when
=
2V
+ An sin n
( )
Ao
dx
sin
n=1
n=1
Solution
c
1
= 2V L sin + sin2
Given,
1+ cos
n=1
1+ cos
= 2V Ao
+ A1 sin + A2 sin2
sin
A =0
0
2V
cL
sin = 2V A1 sin
V c L
sin2 = 2V A2 sin2
2
A1 =
cL
A2 =
cL
4
Therefore
dz
c
c
= + L cos 0 + L cos2 0
dx
4
x=
c
2x
(1 cos0 ) cos 0 = 1
2
c
dz
c
c
= + L cos 0 + L (2cos2 0 1)
dx
dz
c L 2x c L 2x
= + 1 +
21 1
dx
c 4
c
dz
c L 2x c L 4 x 4 x 2
= + 1 +
+ 2 1
21
dx
c 4
c
c
dz
c 2x c 8x 8x 2
= + L 1 + L 1
+ 2
dx
c 4
c
c
Integrate
dz
c 5 4 x 2x 2
= + L
+ 2
dx
4 c
c
z = x +
cL 5
x2 2 x3
x
2
+
+ const
4
c 3 c2
with
when
0 = c +
cL 5
c2 2 c3
cc
c
2
+
= c L
2
4
c 3c
12
1 cL
cL 5
x 2 x2
z=
x + x 2
12
4
c 3 c2
z=
Therefore,
cL
16
x 2 x 2 2 cL
x 2
=
c 3 c2 3
12
x x2
x2 3 2
c c
z 2c L x
x x
=
2 1 #PROVED
c 3 c
c c
x 1
dz 2 c L
x 3x 2
= (1 cos )
=
2 6 2 and
c 2
dx 3
c c
dz 2 c L
3
2
=
2 3(1 cos ) + (1 cos )
dx 3
4
2 cL
3
3 3
2
=
1+ 3cos + cos + cos
3
4 2
4
2 cL 1 3
3
=
+ cos + (cos2 + 1)
3 4 2
8
c 1
1
= L + cos + cos2
12
4
dx
cL 1
1
= 2 0 +cos + cos2 d
12
c
1
c 1 cL
= L2 + sin + sin2 = L2 =
0 12 12
12
8
1 cL
12
dz
d
dx