CFC Extension Grammar - Unit 15

A Passives. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. 1. Many people dont like that their smart phones track their movements. object Many people ________________________________ by their smart phones 2. The judges told her of their decision at the end of the competition. informed She ________________________________ decision at the end of the competition. 3. Many people say that Koala Airlines has great customer service supposed Koala Airlines ________________________________ great customer service. 4. His parents forced him to apologise to his sister for hurting her feelings. was He ________________________________ to his sister for hurting her feelings. 5. Why were the children feeding the baboons at the zoo? being Why ________________________________ at the zoo? 6. Marys parents did not let her go to the discotheque with her friends because they said she was too young. prevented Mary ________________________________ to the discoteque with her friends. B Reported speech Like in exercise (A) above, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
1

The detectives asked Mario, Where were you on the night of the crime? asked Mario ________________________________ been on the night of the crime. Im sorry I yelled at you, Louis said to his wife. apologised Louis ________________________________ at his wife. Please keep my secret, he begged her. urged He ________________________________ his secret to anyone. You took my chocolate cake from the fridge, didnt you John?Ann said. accused Ann ________________________________ her chocolate cake from the fridge. In the interview, Mike was asked how he had got into show business. did The interviewer asked Mike, How ________________________________ into show business? Dont change money on the street, Rebecca, Larry said. Often times, the bills are counterfeit. warned Larry ________________________________ money on the street.

Cambridge University Press & Britnico

CFC Extension Grammar - Unit 16

A Linking words, matching. Match the beginnings and endings of these sentences a. you should rinse it carefully. b. he was despondent and dejected. c. in spite of living around the corner. d. in spite of having a good education. e. the underground is still very useful. f. the juveniles walked into the courtroom. g. but Ive never been to Milan. h. mom does have a Facebook page. i. be careful not to damage the bulb. j. it is time for a change. k. he still made it in on time.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

In spite of waking up late, _____ I know Rome like the back of my hand, _____ Although shes not keen on computers, _____ Crying and hanging their heads, _____ When changing the torch battery _____ Before eating that apple, _____ After losing his business, _____ Despite the fact that it is very crowded _____ He doesnt make very much _____

Correcting mistakes in linking words. In eight of these sentences there is a mistake. Underline each mistake and write the correction. In the two sentences that are correct, write No Mistake. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. While riding in a car, you should always wear your seatbelt. _________________ Although Mike likes rock music, but he really prefers the blues. _________________ Smiling broadly, Sue announced that she and Ralph were to be married. _________________ Chloe promised to get the job done, even though she has to stay up all night. _________________ Randall continues to smoke, in spite of his doctor told him to stop cold turkey. _________________ Asked to explain what had happened, he admitted that he had fallen asleep on the job. _________________ Warning of rough waters, the sailors reluctantly returned to port. _________________ Despite that we searched high and low, we didnt find the keys. _________________ After driving the new car home, we realised our garage was too small for it. _________________ Since left school, he has made a number of trips abroad. _________________ Free practice in linking words. Complete these sentences using your own ideas. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 I quite enjoy studying English, in spite of the fact ________________________________________________. Although Luis is only 8 years old, he __________________________________________________________. While sweeping the kitchen floor, ____________________________________________________________. _________________________________________________________ before attempting to go scuba diving. Dressed in a tuxedo and frilly new dress, _______________________________________________________. I hardly get any emails even though __________________________________________________________. Waving ________________________________________, the people cheered the prince and his bride wildly. They insist that they will go on the picnic even if ________________________________________________.

Cambridge University Press & Britnico

ANSWER KEY

UNIT 15
15A 1 2 3 4 5 6 object to being tracked was informed of the judges is supposed to have was forced/made to apologise were the baboons being fed was prevented from going

UNIT 16
16A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

k g h f i a b e d

15B 1 2 3 4 5 6 was asked where he apologised for yelling urged her not to tell accused John of taking did you get warned Rebecca not to change 16B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 16C

No Mistake Eliminate the word but No Mistake Replace even though with even if or so Replace in spite of with although No Mistake Replace Warning with Warned or Being warned of Having been warned Replace Despite that with although No mistake Replace left with leaving or having left Answers will vary.

CFC Plus Grammar Sheet Inversions (after Negative Adverbials and Phrases for Special Emphasis)

AD6

Normally, in statements (declarative sentences) the verb follows the noun. In some cases, however, this order is reversed. The subject and the first auxiliary are inverted and do is used with a simple tense verb. Here we will look only at inversions in sentences that begin with negative adverbials and inversions for emphasis in sentences that include the phrases: so . . . that and such . . . that and neither . . . nor . . . Negative adverbials include: never (before) barely, hardly, scarcely, seldom, only after, only later, only if, only then, only by, only with, at no time, in no way, under no circumstances, little, not only, not until, not for one moment.
Tips: The syntax in inversions is similar to that of a typical question, but dont get confused; it is an affirmation! This inversion only happens when the phrase BEGINS WITH these structures. His business was so successful that Bob could retire at 45. So successful was his business, that Bob could retire at 45. A president seldom gets reelected in a bad economy. Seldom does a president get reelected in a bad economy. I went to the Louvre only once when I was in Paris. Only once did I go to the Louvre when I was in Paris.

Standard: Inverted: Standard: Inverted: Standard: Inverted:

Standard: Inverted: Standard: Inverted: Standard: Inverted:

Passengers are never allowed to bring weapons on flights. Never are passengers allowed to bring weapons on flights. The match had hardly started when the storm hit. Hardly had the match started when the storm hit. She decided to travel only after reading her horoscope. Only after reading her horoscope, did she decide to travel.

Write new sentences with a similar meaning. In the new sentence, the verb should come before the subject (inversion), and the sentences should begin with one of the following words or phrases. (Some words can be used more than once.)

Seldom Only once

Hardly Only after

So Never

Under no Circumstances Only in

Example: I didnt imagine that Mike had invited me to the restaurant to break up with me. Little did I imagine that Mike had invited me to the restaurant to break up with me. 1. The Chilean airplane crash survivors were so hungry that they were willing to eat anything that would give them sustenance.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The tornado was so strong that the roof was torn right off the house.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. She seldom regretted never having married, although she was sometimes painfully aware of being alone at social gatherings. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Mario failed a course only once during his whole time at university. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. There were never any untoward words between us. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. The protests had hardly begun when the police arrived. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. The Red Cross delivered the food to the refugees only after the local militias guaranteed the safety of its aid workers. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. You should pull the fire alarm only in a real emergency. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Children should never be allowed to go swimming without adult supervision. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. I had hardly begun to understand the use of inversions when this grammar exercise finished. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Cambridge University Press & Britnico

ANSWER KEY

CFC Plus Grammar Sheet: Inversions

1. So hungry were the Chilean airplane crash survivors that they were willing to eat anything that would give them sustenance. 2. So strong was the tornado that the roof was torn right off the house. 3. Seldom did she regret never having married, although she was sometimes painfully aware of being alone at social gatherings. 4. Only once did Mario fail a course during his whole time at university. 5. Never were there any untoward words between us. 6. Hardly had the protests begun when the police arrived. 7. Only after the local militias guaranteed the safety of its aid workers did the Red Cross deliver the food to the refugees. 8. Only in a real emergency should you pull the fire alarm. 9. Under no circumstances should children be allowed to go swimming without adult supervision. 10. Hardly had I begun to understand the use of inversions when this grammar exercise finished.