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Aluminium structures
Aluminium structures
Codes for the design of aluminium structures: 1.CEN-TC250/SC9 (1998). Eurocode n. 9: Design of
Aluminium structures
Aluminium is a structural material utilised in industrial buildings, particularly for roof and wall claddings and sometimes for structural elements when aggressive environments are present.
In case of structural designs where weight savings are important, aluminium is also often selected.
Aluminium structures
Beams www.lumex.com.pl/english/zadaszenia.html
Aluminium structures
Aluminium structures
Longer life span (because of its durability, aluminium can be reused on new structures)
Recycling;
Easier and lighter to transport, assemble and lift in-situ. Fire resistant (equal to steel in fire resistance)
- many of the strongest aluminium alloys are not weldable using conventional techniques.
- shaping and straightening aluminium parts requires greater temperature control and special paints to detect overheating or microcraks; - fire resistance; - aluminium elements may be damaged by denting (trad. crestare) and scraping during handling. Prelubricated strip or protection during pressing is needed.
Aluminium structures
Aluminium structures
Aluminium structures
Aluminium structures
Aluminium structures
Aluminium structures
Aluminium structures
Aluminium structures
Aluminium structures
Brick masonry
Industrial buildings with brick masonry walls may have the roof structures made of steel trusses, timber frames or trusses, precast and prestressed concrete members.
Brick masonry of industrial structures are used for wall structures (strength and partition walls), fig.3.41, or strength structure frame in the form of arches.
Brick masonry
Brick masonry
Nowadays, brick masonry industrial structures are less used than in the past. The main reasons are: Low efficiency; High cost for erection and maintenance; Their limitation to small and medium construction area.
Timber structures
In industrial buildings, timber is one on of the important construction materials. Structural systems made of timber have the following advantages [Thelandersson, 2003]: Timber is environmentally friendly and recyclable material (for example particleboard, fibreboard, fuel for drying kilns, etc.); The energy consumption during the production process is very low compared to other building materials; Timber has a low weight-to-strength ratio, which is advantageous for transportation, erection and production; Timber frame systems are used in industrial buildings for the transfer of vertical loads, stabilization of wind and earthquake loads, fire separation, sound and thermal insulation. Timber connections are easy to make;
Timber structures
In industrial buildings, timber is one on of the important construction materials. Structural systems made of timber have the following advantages [Thelandersson, 2003]: Timber is environmentally friendly and recyclable material (for example particleboard, fibreboard, fuel for drying kilns, etc.); The energy consumption during the production process is very low compared to other building materials; Timber has a low weight-to-strength ratio, which is advantageous for transportation, erection and production; Timber frame systems are used in industrial buildings for the transfer of vertical loads, stabilization of wind and earthquake loads, fire separation, sound and thermal insulation. Timber connections are easy to make;
Timber structures
Sometimes, timber characteristics are affected by a series of factors:
Timber elements can have structural defects: knots, cracks, split, grain deviation, insect holes, resin bags, etc;
Maintenance cost (preservative works against insects, fungus, humidity, etc.) Sawn timber elements are limited in section and length (compared to steel or reinforced concrete).
Timber structures
Timber structures
Timber structures
Strength classes
Timber structures
Strength classes
Timber structures
Timber structures
A great variety of timber elements are glulam members, fig.3.42, which are fabricated from thin laminations of wood, glued together in such a way to obtain large spans with minimum consumption of materials.
Timber structures
http://www.bona-dea.ro/constructii-din-lemn-case-mansarde-etc/constructii-haleindustriale-din-lemn.html
Timber structures
http://www.bona-dea.ro/constructii-din-lemn-case-mansarde-etc/constructii-haleindustriale-din-lemn.html
Timber structures
http://www.bona-dea.ro/constructii-din-lemn-case-mansarde-etc/constructii-haleindustriale-din-lemn.html
Timber structures
http://www.bona-dea.ro/constructii-din-lemn-case-mansarde-etc/constructii-haleindustriale-din-lemn.html
Timber structures
http://www.bona-dea.ro/constructii-din-lemn-case-mansarde-etc/constructii-haleindustriale-din-lemn.html
Timber structures
Timber structures
Timber structures
Timber structures
Timber structures
www.lbie.com
Square Tube
50.8 x 50.8 x 4
38 x 38 x 4
203 x 101 x 10
203 x 101 x 10
50 x 30 x 5 40 x 40 x 5
D 75 x 6.0
D75 x 2.8 D 32 x 3
Profile shapes
They are non-conductive and highly effective electromagnetic and thermal insulators, have excellent fatigue resistance, good impact resistance, and perform well in cyclic loading situations, fig.3.48.
Transportation systems
In case of industrial buildings used for deposit or production, a large variety of internal transportation systems is used. Transportation systems can be classified as follows: transportation systems with periodical acting (working) or continual acting. Periodical acting transportation systems can be: - Ground level transportation system without railways, such as truck and electro cars, or with rails, like cranes, portal cranes, etc. - Suspended transportation system: crane simple girder gantry crane (capacity: 0.5-6.0 t), double girder gantry crane (capacity: 2-20 t) fig.3.49, runway catwalks, gantry crane, wall mounted swivel crane, column mounted swivel crane; - Elevators.
Transportation systems
Crane bridge
Crab
Figure 3.49 Crane examples: a. top running bridge crane; b. b. under slung bridge crane
Crane bridge
Crab
Transportation systems
In the category of transportation systems with continual acting the best known are: - Various types of conveyors: continuous conveyors, loose materials conveyors, fig.3.50; - Elevators; - Pipe transportation (hidropneumatic).
a.
b.
c.
d.
Figure 3.50 Continuous conveyors: a. endless chain conveyor; b. cable conveyor; c. platform conveyor; roller conveyor
Transportation systems
Fig. 3.51 shows crane bridges with various positioning, located outside or inside industrial buildings.
a)
b)
Figure 3.50 Continuous conveyors: a. endless chain conveyor; b. cable conveyor; c. platform conveyor; roller conveyor
Transportation systems
system
consists
of
three
major
1. the Bridge Crane, which traverses across the runway 2. the hoist & trolley, which traverses across the bridge and lifts up and down 3. the runway, which is tied to the building structure.
10.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
Materials for industrial buildings structures (Reinforced Concrete Beams and Girders) Materials for industrial buildings structures (Reinforced Concrete Columns)
Materials for industrial buildings structures (Reinforced Concrete Roof members) Materials for industrial buildings structures (Structural steel beams) Materials for industrial buildings structures (Structural steel columns) Materials for industrial buildings structures (Structural steel decks) Materials for industrial buildings structures (Aluminium structures) Materials for industrial buildings structures (Composite materials) Transportation system for industrial buildings