Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the related literature, studies and relevant theory. The related literature introduces facts related to the variables of the study defined by influential people bodies in the society. The review focuses on different subjects about how leadership is. The subjects will reveal how leadership affects the effectiveness of senior nursing students.

Leadership Definition Leadership is a process of social influence, which maximizes the efforts of others, towards the achievement of a goal. Leadership stems from social influence, not authority or power. Leadership requires others, and that implies they dont need to be direct reports. No mention of personality traits, attributes, or even a title; there are many styles, many paths, to effective leadership. It includes a goal, not influence with no intended outcome. Lastly, what makes this definition so different from many of the academic definitions out there is the inclusion of maximizes the efforts. (Kruse. K, 2013) Leadership has nothing to do with seniority or ones position in the hierarchy of a company. Too many talk about a companys leadership referring to the senior most executives in the organization. They are just that, senior executives. Leadership doesnt automatically happen when you reach a certain pay grade.

Leadership has nothing to do with titles. . Similar to the point above, just because you have a C-level title, doesnt automatically make you a leader. In all of my talks I stress the fact

that you dont need a title to lead. In fact, you can be a leader in your place of worship, your neighborhood, in your family, all without having a title. Leadership has nothing to do with personal attributes. . Say the word leader and most people think of a domineering, take-charge charismatic individual. We often think of icons from history like General Patton or President Lincoln. But leadership isnt an adjective. We dont need extroverted charismatic traits to practice leadership. And those with charisma dont automatically lead. Leadership isnt management. This is the big one. Leadership and management are not synonymous. You have 15 people in your downline and P&L responsibility? Good for you, hopefully you are a good manager. Good management is needed. Managers need to plan, measure, monitor, coordinate, solve, hire, fire, and so many other things. Typically, managers manage things. Leaders lead people. (Kruse. K, 2013) The definition of leadership has been a thorny issue for many years with each author approaching the topic from a different perspective. This is not to say that any of the definitions are right or wrong, rather each attempt exposes a different and valuable facet on what leadership means and how its expressed. Therefore its useful to explore the different definitions, perspective and viewpoints on leadership. Its the ability of the leader to build relationships and influence peoples behavior as required to execute the vision. The outcome of leadership is about changing the behavior of people. This perspective of leadership is focused on inspiring and motivating others, with an emphasizing the relationship between leaders and followers. Change is central to effective leadership. The greater the change the greater the need for leadership. More change demands more leadership. Therefore leadership requires leaders develop vision and

future direction, to influence people to move towards the vision to achieve a shared goal. (Ambler, G. 2013). Leadership is the ability to lead and influence others in a positive way, motivate people, provide direction and being innovative. A leaver is an individual who notable influences the thoughts and behavior of a considerable group of individuals. Todays leaders must understand that you have to give up control to get results; they should act more as coaches and not as the boss. (Chand, B. 2014). There is not one agreed upon definition in the world despite how much leadership has been studied and written about. As of today 316,641 results returned when searching Amazon for books on leadership. According to Warren Bennis in Leaders (1997) academic analysis has given us more than 850 definitions of leadership. I think it is fair to say that defining leadership will be studied and debated for a long time to come and it is likely we will never all agree on THE BEST definition. (Mazza, S. 2010)