Proceedings of the NCNTE-2012, Third Biennial National Conference on Nascent Technologies Fr. C.

Rodrigues Institute of Technology, Vashi, Navi Mumbai, Feb 24-25, 2012 Department of Mechanical Engineering

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICRO SAVONIUS TYPE VAWT

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Sanjay W. Rukhande, 2Shamim Pathan, 3Aditya Kamble,4Pratik Kale,5Pankaj Daga,6Sagar Pandita

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Assistant Professor,3, 4, 5 ,6Students, Mechanical Engineering Department

Fr. C. Rodrigues Institute of Technology, Vashi, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra Email address: 1pankaj_daga041@rediff.Com,2 sanjay_rukhande78@rediffmail.Com Abstract:
Increasing demand in energy facilitated the need of clean energy such as wind energy. Residences, buildings and commercial establishments need more power everyday and also continuous power. Important facilities such as wireless or radio sets require small amounts of energy albeit continuously. This study was done to investigate the design and development of a micro Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT)-Savonius Type. In regions where wind speed is limited Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT) do not have a practical application due to high wind speed requirement. VAWT provide operational abilities at lower speeds and do not require an alignment mechanism.

1.0 INTRODUCTION: Wind, A pure, clean, renewable source of energy that we have been harnessing successfully for centuries. From the early windmills that would pump water for farming to the simple use of the wind in our sails, to giving our planes the power of flight, wind has been a consistent and reliable source of energy for mankind. And now, with the search for energy sources that dont emit harmful pollutants into the air, the world is taking a closer look at how we can develop new and more efficient ways to generate electricity from the power of the wind. Savonius wind rotor is a vertical axis wind turbine. It is a drag type rotor and its basic configuration consists of an S shape formed by 2 semi-circular blades with a small overlap between them. This structure has the advantage to accept wind from all directions. It is not preferred for high power applications as its aerodynamic efficiency is low as compared to other turbines. However it has many advantages. The starting torque is high and design is simple and economical. It can be used to run small devices like water pumps or radio/communication sets. It can also be used in conjunction with other VAWTs as a startup turbine. The main advantage of a vertical-axis wind turbine over a horizontal-axis wind turbine is its insensitivity to wind direction and turbulence. A vertical-axis wind turbine can therefore be mounted closer to the ground, making it safer and cheaper to build and maintain. It still needs access to plenty of wind though.

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Proceedings of the NCNTE-2012, Third Biennial National Conference on Nascent Technologies Fr. C. Rodrigues Institute of Technology, Vashi, Navi Mumbai, Feb 24-25, 2012 Department of Mechanical Engineering

The Savonius Wind Turbine is a drag type vertical axis wind turbine, and it operates by cupping and dragging the wind, causing the rotor to turn and generate electricity. The Savonius Wind Turbine usually has about two or three scoops or cups to catch the wind. The design allows the turbine to rotate relatively slowly, however, there is a high torque yielded from the rotation. 2.0 PRODUCT DESIGN APPROACH: According to the available wind velocity which is very low, its very difficult to design the blade profile using the metal. If we use steel or other metal as the material then its very difficult to get maximum possible output power at such a low speed .Thus in this project we have decided to use plastic material such as PVC (THERMOPLASTIC) as its density is much more lower than the metal. Also the cost of casting the blades from PVC is very costly and it will increase the capital cost of the project .So we have decided to create a working model of SAVONIOUS TYPE VAWT using the plastic barrels of HIGH ULTRA POLYETHYLENE (HUPE) using the withshaft arrangement and the gear drive power transmission system.

Figure 1 Savonius Rotor [2]

Parts required:(1)Plastic Barrels (Diameter=2R) (2)2 PVC Pipes 2 Inch and 1 Inch respectively (3)Gear & Pinion (4)Brackets (5)Bearings (6)Alternator

3.0 MATERIAL STUDY: The mechanical properties of plastics tend to be inferior to most metals. Because of this, careful consideration must be given to using plastics for structural applications. Fiber reinforced plastics are extensively used where the mechanical properties of the base plastic material are not sufficient. However because of their relatively low weight, the ability to

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Proceedings of the NCNTE-2012, Third Biennial National Conference on Nascent Technologies Fr. C. Rodrigues Institute of Technology, Vashi, Navi Mumbai, Feb 24-25, 2012 Department of Mechanical Engineering

color the plastics when manufacturing, and the ability to mould complex shapes relatively easily, plastics are extensively used for product casings and other applications where mechanical strength is not at a premium. 4.0 DESIGN CALCULATIONS: At the site of project the maximum value of wind velocity is nearly 6 m/s and the average velocity is 3 to 4 m/s. So calculations are done according to the maximum available speed as follow. 4.1 POWER CALCULATIONS [P]: P = 0.5* = U = = P P *d* *h

density of air = 1.2kg/ vel. Of wind =6m/s coefficient of power =0.154

= 0.5*1.2*63*0.88*0.154*1 = 17.564 watt

4.2 GEAR DESIGN: Calculated dimensions: Parameters Module No. of teeths Pitch diameter Tooth diameter Bottom clearance Face width Pressure angle Tip diameter Root diameter Material 5.0 CONCLUSION: 5.1 WORK DONE: As all the dimensions of the gear are calculated as shown above so now the primary step of project has been completed. The manufacturing of the required gear with the help of small gear manufacturing industry .The actual manufacturing of the wind turbine by using the selected plastic barrels (D=460mm,H=500mm ) Calculation and selection of proper PVC pipe as a shaft .Selection of proper bearing .Selection of brackets to connect shaft and blades properly. 5.2 FUTURE SCOPE: The project can be continued further for improvement in it working. Future developments that can be done are as follows, 1. Installing higher rated generator can increase the power producing capacity. Maximum rated power of 200 watts generator can be used and will cost approximately 3500 Rs. Gear 2 128 256mm 4.5mm 0.5mm 20mm 14.5 260mm 251mm PVC Pinion 2 32 64mm 4.5mm 0.5mm 20mm 14.5 68mm 59mm PVC

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Proceedings of the NCNTE-2012, Third Biennial National Conference on Nascent Technologies Fr. C. Rodrigues Institute of Technology, Vashi, Navi Mumbai, Feb 24-25, 2012 Department of Mechanical Engineering

2. Increasing the rotor diameter can increase the capacity. For various rotor diameters following are the power capacities at maximum wind speed of 12 m/s, a. Rotor diameter = 2 m Power capacity = 534 watts b. Rotor diameter = 3 m Power capacity = 1201 watts c. Rotor diameter = 4 m, Power capacity = 2136 watts This is the maximum size of the rotor that is suitable for our college terrace wind conditions. Above rotor diameter of 4 m requires higher average velocity for efficient working. 3. Increasing the number of windmills can increase the power capacity. Our college terrace is suitable for installing up to 5 numbers of same types of windmills. For this higher capacity of storage system has to be installed. 4. The control of speed of the rotor shaft through Micro-controller. 5. Braking systems for avoiding damage to system due to higher wind velocity. 6. Storage system can be installed like 12 volt battery.A storage system of capacity up to 40 watts or 40 KVA can be used for storing the power in our fabricated system. The storage capacity can be used for increasing the standby reserve capacity. 7. Stabilizer for avoiding the damage to storage system. 6.0 References:
[1]

Kamoji. M. A, S. B. Kedare and S. V. Prabhu (2008), Experimental Investigations on the Effect of Overlap Ratio and Blade Edge Conditions on the Performance of Conventional Savonius Rotor, Wind engineering, Volume 32, No. 2, pp 163178

[2]

M. A. Kamoji, S. B. Kedare and S. V. Prabhu (2008), Experimental investigations on single stage, two stage and three stage conventional Savonius rotor, International Journal of energy resource, Volume 32, pp 877-895

[3]

M. A. Kamoji, S. B. Kedare and S. V. Prabhu (2008), Experimental investigations on single stage modified Savonius rotor, Applied Energy

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M.A. Kamoji, S.B. Kedare, S.V. Prabhu (2008 ), Performance tests on helical Savonius rotors Renewable Energy, S.J.Savonius (1931), The S Rotor and Its Applications, Mechanical engineering, Volume 53, No.5, pp 333-339 U.K. Saha , S. Thotla , D. Maity (2008), Optimum design configuration of Savonius rotor through wind tunnel experiments , Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. N. Fujisawa and F. Gotoh(1992), Visualization study of the flow in and around a Savonius rotor , Experiments in Fluids, Volume 12, No. , pp 407-412

[7]

[8]

Izumi Ushimaya , Hiroshi Nagai and Jinkichi Shinoda(1986), Experimentally Determining the Optimum Configuration for Savonius Rotor, JSME, Volume 29 No.258, pp 4130-4138

[9]

M.H. Simonds and A. Bodek(1964), Performance Test of Savonius Rotor, Ph.D Thesis. Flow around the Savonius Rotor, 12th International Conference on Domain Decomposition Method

[10] Testuya Kawamura, Tsutomu Hayashi, Kazuko Miyashita (2001), Application of the Domain Decomposition Method to the

[11] http://www.howstuffworks.com/ [12] http://www.berezintechnologies.com [13] http://www.google.com [14] http://www.wikipedia.com

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