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Steel Structure
Steel Structure
Summary
Figure 1.1
Steel Building
E
10800
SG1 C4 C2
SG1 C2
SG1 C4
SG1A
C6
SG 4
12 00 0
SG 1
24 00 0 12 00 0
C6
SG5
SG4
SG4
D
6000
SG3
SG1 C3
SG3
C1
SG2
SB1 SG2
SG2 C1A
SG3
C1
SG1
SG3A
SG4
C3A
SG 1
3A
SG
38400
C3
C1
SG4
C1A
SG4
C1
SG4
SG 2 C3A
4
SG
SG1
SG2
SG2
SG1
SG
1 C7
10800
SG5
3A
SG
SG
SG
C5
SG
SG
C5
SG
C5
10 80 0
E'
C5
10800
SG4
SG4
SG4
SG
C6 C5 A
S C6 G1
SG
60 00
SG
SG
C4
C2A
C2A
C4 A
SG
SG1
SG1
SG1
SG
C6
D'
SG
10 80 0
SG
384 00
SG1 C6 C6
SG1
C'
C6
SG
SG
C6
10 80 0
B'
C7
A'
Element Name SG1 SG2 SG3 SG4 SG5 SG6 SB1 SG1A SG3A
Section ID 221 222 223 224 225 226 231 241 243
Section Size W24x76 W18x55 W18x55 W12x136 W24x103 W18x86 W12x26 W12x53 W24x76
Figure 1.2
12000
36000 12000
12000
SG1 C4 C2
SG1 C2
SG1 C4
10800
SG5
SG4
SG4
27600
SG1
C1
SG2
6000
C3
SG2 C1A
C1
SG1 C3A
SG3
SG3
SG2
SG3
SB1
SG1 C3 C1
SG2
SG2 C1A C1
SG1 C3A
10800
SG4
SG5
1200
SG4
SCG1
SCG1
Element Name SG1 SG2 SG3 SG4 SG5 SB1 SB2 SCG1
Section Size W24x76 W21x62 W14x48 W27x129 W24x103 W12x26 W8x31 W14x34
Figure 1.3
SCG1
SCG1
SG5
SG3
SG5
9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F
Figure 1.4
4.26 =25.2
Applied Codes
Applied Load / UBC(1997) Steel Design Code / AISC-LRFD2K SRC Design Code / SSRC79
Used Materials Beam, Brace: A36 Column: A572-50 Concrete Grade C4000 Applied Loads
Gravity loads unit: kN/m2 Use Floor Dead Load Live Load Shop 2 3 3.6 3.9 Office 415 4.2 2.5 Roof 4, Roof 5.1 2.0
Wind loads
Basic Wind Speed: 80 mph Exposure Category: C Importance Factor: 1.0 Pressure Coefficient: 1.3
Seismic Load
Seismic Zone Factor: Z = 1 (0.075) Importance Factor: 1.0 Soil Coefficient: Sc Height of the building: Hn = 64 m Width of the building: Bx = 70.58 m, By = 48.95 m Response Modification Coefficient Rx: 4.2 (Steel with steel OMRF) Ry: 4.2 (Steel with steel OMRF)
Name Self DL LL WX WY RX RY
Applied loads Self weight Dead Load Live Load Wind Load (X-direction in the global coordinates) Wind Load (Y-direction in the global coordinates) Response Spectrum Seismic Load (X-direction in the global coordinates) Response Spectrum Seismic Load (Y-direction in the global coordinates)
Structural Modeling
Initial Window & Unit System Setting File / File / New Project Save (Steel)
Tools / Customize / Toolbars Joint On/Off > Node (on), Element (on), Property (on) (Refer to Figure 1.5) Point Grid (off), Point Grid Snap (off), Line Grid Snap (off)
View Point
Figure 1.5
Figure 1.6
Figure 1.7
10
Hidden (on),
Model / Structure Wizard / Frame Input tab X Coord. / Distance > 12 ; Repeat > 3
Repeat > 2
Repeat > 1
Repeat > 1
Edit tab Beta Angle > 90 Deg. Material > 1 ; Section > 221 Insert tab Insert Point > 0, 0, 6 Rotations / Alpha > -90 . Zoom Fit
Figure 1.8
11
Model / Elements /
Create Element
Material Name> 1:Girder Section Name > 226:SG6 Nodal Connectivity > 2, 5
Material Name> 1:Girder Section Name > 222:SG2 Nodal Connectivity > Element 33 (Refer to Figure 1.9)
Material Name> 1:Girder Section Name > 231:SB1 Nodal Connectivity > Element 36 (Refer to Figure 1.9)
Figure 1.9
12
Tree Menu > Works tab Select Single (8, 11, 34, 35, 37, 38) Display > Property > Property Name (on) Properties > Section > 222:SG2 (Drag & Drop) Similarly change properties of SG1 to SG3A, SG4 & SG5 by Drag & Drop (Refer to Figure 1.2)
Drop Drag
Figure 1.10
13
Node Number (on) Display > Property > Property Name (off) X-Y Coordinates Origin > 36, 10.8, 6 (Node 8) Angle > -30
Set Line Grid Grid Name > Skew Plane X-Grid Lines Line > 2@12 . Y-Grid Lines Levels > -10.8, 2@10.8, 6, 10.8 Add/Modify Grid Lines Zoom Fit (on),
Figure 1.12
14
Figure 1.13
Model / Elements /
Create Elements
Section Name > 221:SG1 Nodal Connectivity > Node 4 & corner of Line Grid (Refer to of Figure 1.14)
15
Figure 1.14
Figure 1.15
Input the beam element of the 2nd floor of the skewed part
16
Display
GCS (on),
Figure 1.16
17
Model Entity tab/ Boundary Beam End Release (Refer to of Figure 1.17)
Figure 1.17
18
The following column section data have been inputted in the file Steel(import).mgb
C1 Unit 6 5 4 3 2 1 Story 14~15 11~13 8~10 5~7 3~4 1~2 Section Number 106 105 104 103 102 101 Steel W 14 176 W 14 145 W 14 176 W 14 211 W 18 258 W 18 258 RC 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 Section Number 156 155 154 153 152 151
C1A Steel W 10 54 W 10 54 W 10 54 W 12 72 W 12 72 RC 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600
C2 Unit 6 5 4 3 2 1 Story 14~15 11~13 8~10 5~7 3~4 1~2 Section Number 206 205 204 203 202 201 Steel W 14 109 W 14 109 W14 120 W 14 159 W 18 175 W 18 211 Table 1.2 RC 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 Section Number 256 255 254 253 252 251
W 1296 W 1265
W 14109 700 700 W 14176 700 700 W 14193 700 700 W 14283 700 700
19
C3 Unit 6 5 4 3 2 1 Story 14~15 11~13 8~10 5~7 3~4 1~2 Section Number 306 305 304 303 302 301 Steel W 12 72 W 12 65 W 12 65 W 12 96 W 12 120 W 12 152 C4 Unit 6 5 4 3 2 1 Story 14~15 11~13 8~10 5~7 3~4 1~2 Section Number 406 405 404 403 402 401 Steel W12 96 W 12 65 W 12 65 W 12 65 W 14 120 W 14 159 C5 Unit 2 1 Story 3 1~2 Section Number 502 501 DB AISC AISC Steel W 1499 W 14132 Section Number 552 551 RC 700700 700700 700700 700700 700700 700700 Section Number 456 455 454 453 452 451 RC 700700 700700 700700 700700 700700 700700 Section Number 356 355 354 353 352 351
C3A Steel W 1296 W 1265 W 1265 W 1296 W 14145 W 14193 C4A Steel W 1296 W 1265 W 1265 W 1499 W 1499 W 14176 C5A DB AISC AISC Steel W 1265 W 14132 RC 700700 700700 700700 700700 700700 700700 RC 700700 700700 700700 700700 700700 700700
C6 Unit 2 1 Story 3 1~2 Section Number 602 601 DB AISC AISC Table 1.2 Steel W 14176 W 14176 Section Number 702 701
20
Typical method for inputting SRC sections: Model / Properties / Add> SRC tab Section ID > 101 ; Shape > Rect-IBeam Concrete Data HC > 0.7 ; Steel Data / DB > AISC Steel Name > W 18258 Material > Concrete Material>DB>ASTM(RC) Concrete Material / Name > Grade C4000 Steel Material>DB>ASTM(S) Steel Material / Name > A572-50 Replace steel (on) ; Shear Deformation (on) BC > 0.7 Name > C1 Section
Figure 1.18
21
Model / Properties /
Section >
( of Figure 1.19)
Application folder > Steel(import).mgb Import the column section data >
22
Figure 1.20
23
Input Columns
Redraw Node Number (on) Display > Property > Property Name (off) Iso View, Rotate Dynamic
Model / Elements /
Extrude Elements
Extrude Type > Node Line Element Reverse I-J (on) ; Material > 3 : SRC Column ; Generation Type > Translate ; Beta angle > 0 ; dx, dy, dz > 0, 0, -6 Element Type > Beam Section > 101 : C1 Translate > Equal Distance Number of Times > 1
Display > Element > Local Direction (on) Display > Element > Local Direction (off)
24
Figure 1.21
25
Parameter Type > Element Local Axis Mode > Assign > Beta Angle > 90 Select Previous Unselect Polygon (Columns with Beta Angle = 90) Beta Angle > 60
Select Single (Refer to of Figure 1.22) Assign > Beta Angle > -30
Figure 1.22
Unselect Polygon
26
Status bar > Filter > z (Columns) Select All Unselect Polygon (Columns) (Refer to Figure 1.23)
Tree Menu / Works tab Properties > Material > 2 : Steel Column (Drag & Drop)
Select All,
Active,
Properties > Material > 151 : C1A (Drag & Drop) Modify the others in the same way (Refer to Figure 1.2)
Active All
27
Drag
Drop
Drop
Drag
Figure 1.24 Modify the column number using Drag & Drop
28
X-direction
Story
415 13
Section size
W 12 40 W 10 60
Figure 1.25
29
Shrink (off) Zoom Window (core part) Node Number (on) , Model > Elements > Element Number (on) Create Elements
Element Type > Truss Material Name > 4 : Brace Section Name > 1001 : BR1 Nodal Connectivity > X-directional Braces Section No. > 2001:BR2 Nodal Connectivity > Y-directional Braces
Figure 1.26
30
Building Generation
Auto Fitting (on) Node Number (off), Status bar > Filter > none Select All Elements Number (off)
Model / Building / Building Generation Building Generation > Number of Copies > 2 Distance(Global Z) > 5 ; Operations >
Building Generation > Number of Copies > 6 Distance(Global Z) > 3.8 ; Operations >
Building Generation > Number of Copies > 6 Distance(Global Z) > 4.2 ; Building Generation Table> Insert the increment of the section numbers (Refer to Figure 1.27) Copy Element Attributes (on) > Boundaries > Beam Release (on) Operations >
Figure 1.27
31
Select Plane XY Plane > Z Position > 64 Active Display > Boundary > Beam End release Symbol (on) Display > Boundary > Beam End release Symbol (off)
Figure 1.28
Building Generation
32
Element Name
SG1 SG2 SG3 SG4 SG5 SB1 SB2 SCG1 Table 1.4
Section Number
521 522 523 524 525 531 532 571
Section Size
W 24 76 W 21 62 W 14 48 W 27 129 W 24 103 W 12 26 W 8 31 W 14 34
Active All,
Top View
Select Polygon + Ctrl key in Keyboard (Top View of Figure 1.29) Front View Unselect Window (Front View of Figure 1.29) Iso View Delete Key in Keyboard (Selected Nodes & Elements)
33
Top view
34
Select-Identity Element Select Type > Section List > 543 Tree Menu / Works tab Properties>Section > 523:SG3 (Drag & Drop) ,
Select-Identity Element Select Type > Section List > 524 : SG4 , Top View Unselect Window (Refer to Figure 1.31)
Tree Menu/ Works tab Properties > Section > 525:SG5 (Drag & Drop)
Iso View
35
Drag Drop
Figure 1.30
36
Drop Drag
37
38
Model / Named Plane Plane Name > B Plane Type > X-Z Plane Y Position > 10.8
Display > Node > Story Name (on) Display > Boundary > Beam End release Symbol (on)
Figure 1.34
39
Model / Elements /
Extrude Elements
Extrude Type > Node Line Element > Reverse I-J (on) Element Type > 571:SCG1 ; Material > 1:Girder Section > 571:SCG1 Equal Distance > dx, dy, dz > 0, -1.2, 0 Number of Times > 1 Select Polygon (Nodes over the 5th Floor)
Model / Elements /
Create Elements
Element Type > General beam/Tapered beam Material > 1:Girder ; Section No. > 532:SB2 Zoom Window (the grid of the 5th Floor) Nodal Connectivity > 637 Zoom Fit Zoom Window (the grid of the 5th Floor) Zoom Window (off) Nodal Connectivity > 637, 640
Figure 1.35
40
Zoom Fit Select Recent Entities Model Entity tab / Boundary Beam End Release
Translation > Unequal Distance Axis > Z Distances > 5@3.8, 6@4.2 Copy Node Attributes (on) Copy Element Attributes (on)
Figure 1.36
41
Active All Display > Node > Story Name (on) Select Plane XY Plane > Z Position > 0
Figure 1.37
42
Input Loads
Load Cases Setting
Input Self-weight
Refer to other Tutorials.
43
Model Entity tab / Load Assign Floor Loads Load Type > Define Floor Load Type (Refer to Figure 1.39) Refer to Applied Loads on page 5.
Figure 1.39
44
Active Identity Story > 2F , Node Number (on) Hidden (off) Angle View Horizontal > 50 ; Vertical > 60 +Below (on)
Model Entity tab / Load Assign Floor Loads Load Type > Shop Distribution Type > One Way ; No. of Sub Beams > 3 ; Unit Self Weight > 883 N/m ; Load Direction > Global Z ; Axis > Z ; Load Angle (A1) > 0 Sub Beam Angle (A2) > 90 Copy Floor Load (on) Projection > Yes Distances > 5
Figure 1.40
45
Nodes Defining Loading Area > 25, 28, 27, 8, 4, 25 Nodes Defining Loading Area > 30, 32, 31, 29, 30
Figure 1.41
46
Load Angle(A1) > 90 Sub-Beam Angle(A2) > 0 Nodes Defining Loading Area > 12, 27, 8, 12
Figure 1.42
47
No. of Sub Beams > 1 Nodes Defining Loading Area > 16, 29, 27, 12, 16 Nodes Defining Loading Area > 13, 14,10, 9, 13
Nodes Defining Loading Area > 15, 16, 12, 11, 15 Nodes Defining Loading Area > 29, 30, 28, 27, 29 No. of Sub Beams > 0 Nodes Defining Loading Area > 22, 21, 23, 24, 22 Active All
Figure 1.43
48
Active Identity Story > 4F , Display > Load > Floor Load Name (off) +Below (on)
Load Type > Office Distribution Type > One Way Load Angle (A1) > 90 No. of Sub Beams > 3 Sub-Beam Angle (A2) > 0 Unit Self Weight > 883 N/m Copy Floor Load (on) ; Axis > z
Distances > 6@3.8, 5@4.2 Nodes Defining Loading Area > 124, 127, 123, 120, 124 Input the others in the same way (Refer to Figure 1.44)
49
Figure 1.44 Loading Plan of the upper part over the 4th floor
Figure 1.45
50
Active Identity Story > 4F ; , Angle View Horizontal > 50 ; Zoom Fit Vertical > 60 +Below (on)
Figure 1.46
51
Figure 1.47
52
Load Type > Office Distribution Type > One Way No. of Sub Beams > 0 Description > Delete Copy Floor Load (on) Z Axis Distances > 5@3.8, 5@4.2
Nodes Defining Loading Area > Cantilever *Consider Load Angle (A1)
Figure 1.48
53
Load Type > roof No. of Sub Beams > 3 Copy Floor Load (off) Nodes Defining Loading Area > Roof Floor
Assign Floor Loads > Floor Load Table > (Refer to Figure 1.50)
54
Figure 1.50
55
56
Load Case Name > WX Projected Area Method > (on) ; Exposure Category > C ; Importance Factor > 1 ; Scale Factor in Global Y > 1 ;
Basic Wind Speed > 80 Pressure Coefficient > 1.3 Scale Factor in Global Y > 0
Load Case Name > WY Projected Area Method > (on) ; Exposure Category > C ; Importance Factor > 1 ; Scale Factor in Global X > 0 ;
Basic Wind Speed > 80 Pressure Coefficient > 1.3 Scale Factor in Global Y > 1
Figure 1.52
57
58
59
Model / Structure Type Converting Type of Model weight to Masses > Convert to X, Y Gravity Acceleration > 9.806 Align Top of Beam Section to Floor(X-Y Plane) for Panel Zone Effect/Display (on)
Model / Masses / Loads to Masses Mass Direction > X, Y Load Type for Converting > all (on) Load Case > DL ; Scale Factor > 1
Figure 1.55
60
61
Figure 1.57
Design Spectrum > UBC(1997) Seismic Coefficients Calculation Option > Automatic (on) Soil Profile Type (S) > Sc Seismic Zone Factor (Z) > 1 (0.075) Seismic Coefficient (Ca) > 0.09 Seismic Coefficient (Cv) > 0.13 Max. Period > 10 (sec) Scale Factor (IE/R) > 0.238 (Refer to Figure 1.59)
62
Figure 1.58
Figure 1.59
63
Load / Response Spectrum Analysis Data / Response Spectrum Load Case Load Case Name > RX Direction > X-Y Excitation Angle > 0 Scale Factor > 1 Period Modification Factor > 1 Function Name > UBC1997 (on) Operations >
Figure 1.60
64
Analysis /
Perform Analysis
Tools / Customize / Toolbars Toolbar List > Results (on), Property (on) Toolbars > Command tab Categories > Query Buttons > (Drag)
65
Examine Reactions
Tools / Unit System Force > kN Active Identity Story > 2F ; , +Below (on)
Results / Reactions /
Reaction Forces/Moments
Load Case/Combinations > ST : DL Components > FZ Type of Display > Values (on), Legend (on) Values > Decimal Points > 2
Results Menu / Result Tables / Reaction Load Combination > Self(ST) (on), DL(ST) (on), LL(ST) (on)
66
Figure 1.62
Figure 1.63 67
Reaction Table
Node No. 1 2 3
Figure 1.64
68
Results /
Load Cases (Mode Numbers) > Mode 1 Components > Md-XYZ (on) Type of Display > Mode Shape > Mode Shape Scale Factor > 3.0 Animate (on) > Animation Mode > Repeat Full Cycle
Figure 1.65
69
All Windows except Model View > Results / Combinations Steel Design tab
Design Code > AISC-LRFD2K Scale Up Factor > 2.719, RX Scale Up Factor > 2.504, RY
Figure 1.66
70
Figure 1.67
Figure 1.68
Definition of Frame
71
Initial View Select Identity-Element Select Type > Section List > 221 : SG1 List > 226 : SG6 List > 521 : 5SG1
Design / General Design Parameter / Unbraced Length (L, Lb) Add / Replace > (on) Laterally Unbraced Length Lb > 4
Figure 1.69
72
Section Number 241 221, 226, 521 224, 225, 524, 525 222, 223, 243, 522, 523 Table 1.5
73
Select (SEL) W 30116 Select (SEL) > Property No. > 224 (Refer to Figure 1.72)
Figure 1.71
74
75
Figure 1.73
Design / Section for Design 1001 > W 30132 ; 1002 > W 1250 ; 2001 > W 1490
Select Identity-Element > Select Type > Section 224(on), 1001(on), 1002(on), 2001(on) Design / Steel Code Check
Figure 1.74
76
Unselect All Design / Steel Code Check Result View Option > All
To > 0.75
Figure 1.75
77
Code Checking Result Dialog > Model View tab The right side of
(Minimize)
[Ctrl]+[C] in Keyboard (Copy Command) Code Checking Result Dialog > (Restore)
78
Code Checking Result Dialog > Select (SEL) > 224(on), 1001(on), 1002(on), 2001(on) (Refer to Figure 1.77) Analysis / design results will be deleted. Continue?
Model / Elements /
Analysis /
Perform Analysis OR
Figure 1.77
79
Figure 1.78
80
Select Identity-Element Select Type > Section List > 224:SG4, 522:SG2, 1001:BR1, 1002:BR1, 2001:BR2
Design / Steel Code Check (Refer to Figure 1.80) Select (SEL) > 224 (Refer to Figure 1.81)
Figure 1.80
81
Figure 1.81 Stress ratio graph of 24F SG1 (after modifying sections)
82
Option > Add (on) Design Code > SSRC79 Scale Up Factor > 2.719, RX Scale Up Factor > 2.504, RY
83
Design / SRC Design Parameter / Design Code Design Code > SSRC79
Design / SRC Design Parameter / Modify SRC Column Section Data SEL > Section ID > 151 ~ 156 Reinforcing Main Bar > Auto Calculate Rebar Space (on) Rebar > 12 - #8 Number of Rows > 4
Figure 1.83
84
Figure 1.84
85