uefYowf

trsKd;om;ygwD0ifrsm;twGufvufpGJpmapmif

twGJ (7)

AdkvfrSL;xGefausmfOD; (tNidrf;pm;)
B.Sc;B.L
(w&m;½kH;csKyfa½SYae)
OuúX trsKd;om;ygwD

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkii
f a
H wmftpdk;& jynfxa
J &;ESifhomoema&;0efBuD;Xme

uif;vGwc
f GifhjyK trdeYf trSwf e^o-066

xkwfa0ol

AdkvfrSL; xGef;ausmfOD;(tmNidrf;pm; av) B.Sc;B.L A[dkw&m;½Hk;csKyfa½SYae

yHkEdSyfol

OD;Munfjrifh (02936-NrJ) atmifcsrf;omyHkEdSyfwdkuf

157?32-vrf;? &efukefNrdKU/ zkef;-77993/

uefYowf

ausmufawmfrdom;pk (rav;&Sm;) rSrl&if;twdkif; jyefvnf &dkufEdkyfxkwfa0onf// http://kyauktaw.ning.com

 ed'gef;

&cdkib
f ,fov
l J? ½d[
k if*sm b,folv?J b*FvD b,fov
l J

c&pfouú&mZf (1784) xdtcsKyfjcmtmPmvGwfvyfaom &cdkifjynf[kí ½SdcJhzl;yg

onf/ bDpD (600) rSat'D (10) &mpk ESpfaygif; (1600) ausmftwGif; "n0wDjynf
BuD;ESifha0 omvDjynfBuD;trnfjzifh ,ck&cdkifjynfudk a½S;tcgu ac:wGifcJhzl;ygonf/ ,if;
aemufydkif;wGif &cdkifjynftrnfjzifh ouú&mZf (1784) xdwnf½SdcJhzl;ygonf/ ,if;odkY
tm;jzifh ESpfaygif; (2400) wnfNrJ cJhzl;ygonf/

xdkumtwGif; "n0wD;ESifh a0omvDjynfBuD;onf EdkifiHtus,ft0ef;rnfrQus,f

jyefYí EdkifiHom;^vlrsKd;rsm;rnfrQ ½SdcJhaMumif; azmfjyxm;aom taxmuftxm;udk rawGY&
yg/ at'D (7) &mpktwGif; ,ckjrefrmEdkifiH armfvNrdKiftxd (oHvGiftygt0if
jrefrmEdkifiHurf;½dk;wef;ESifh tEd´,jynf **Fgjrpfta&SUb*Fvm;ESifh **Fgjrpfr½Sd qif(')bef;
uRef;rsm;tm;vHk;odkYwdkif &cdkifbk&ifwdkY\ ydkip
f dk;rIonf us,fjyefYaMumif; awGY&ygonf/
b*Fvm;yifv,fjyifwGif &cdkifa&wyf onfNydKifzufr&Sd BuD;pdk;cJhzl;onf/ ,if;odkUus,fjyefY
onftxd &cdkifbk&ifwcsKdUonfpGrf; aqmifEdkifcJhaomfvnf; xdk&cdkifbk&ifwdkYonf rdrdvuf
atmufodkY usa&mufaomt&yfa'o ESifhvlrsKd;wdkY\ b0udk ydkrdkwdk;wufatmif aqmif½Guf
ay;aom ay:vpDudk usifhoHk;cJhaMumif;r awGY&bJ rdrdwdkYvufxJodkY usa&mufaeaom
t&yfa'orsm;udk acsrIef;zsufqD;jcif;? vlrsm;udk uRefjyKjcif;ESifh "eOpömrsm;udk odrf;,ljcif;
wdkYudkom usifhoHk;cJhaMumif; awGY&ygonf/ þay:vpDaMumifh &cdkifjynfonf wnfNrJjcif;
r&SdbJ ouú&mZf (1785) ckESpfwGif &cdkifbk&ifwkdYonf MuufaysmufiSufaysmuf
jzpfoGm;jcif;ESifhtwl &cdkifjynfonfvnf; ysufpD;oGm;cJhygonf/

rdrdwdkYwdkif;oljynfom; vlrsKd;taygif;wkdYEi
S fh bmomtrsKd;rsKd;&Sdaeonfudk 0ifh<um;
*kPf,lvQufxdkolwdkYESifh EdkifiHa&;t&cspfMunfpGm twlvufwGJí &cdkifjynfBuD;udkwnf
aqmufzdkYvdktyfonf udk&cdkifwdkYrnfolrQrodcJhyg/ tcsif;csif;eD;pyf&mwdkY tkyfpkzGJYítkyfpk
csif;wdkufcdkuf&efjyKMu&mrS &cdkifjynfBuD; NydKysufoGm;cJhygonf/ ,cktcg jynfaxmifpktzGJY
0ifvGwfvyfaom&cdkifjynfe,fudk &cdkifjynfom;vlrsdK;tm;vHk;u cspfMunfpGm vufwGJwnf
aqmufapvdkí þpmapmifudk jyKpk&ygonf/

ausmufawmfrdom;pk (rav;&Sm;) rSrl&if;twdkif; jyefvnf &dkufEdkyfxkwfa0onf// http://kyauktaw.ning.com

 tydkif;(1)

tcef;(1)

Edi
k i
f o
H m;trnfESifh rsKd;½d;k trnf

urÇmay:½Sd EdkifiHwdkif;wGif EdkifiHom;rsKd;½dk;rsm;rsm; &SdMuygonf/ EdkifiHonfBuD;onf

jzpfap? ao;i,fonfjzpfap EdkifiHom;rsm;onf rsKd;½dk;wpfckwnf;rS vmonfr[kwfbJ EdkifiH
wdkif;wGif rsKd;½dk;trsm;tjym;ESifh bmomtrsKd;rsdK; ½SdwwfMuygonf/ þurÇmay:ü
rsKd;½dk;wpfrsdK;wnf;ESifh bmomwpfckwnf;jzifh zJGYpnf;xm;aomEdkifiH[lír&Sdyg/ bmomwpf
ckwnf;rSmyif *dkif;rsm;pGm&SdMuygaoonf/ EdkifiHtjzpfqufvufwnfNrJvmaom EdkifiHwdkif;rS
EdkifiHom;rsm;onf (rsKd;½dk;) trsm;tjym;ESifh bmomtrsm;tjym;&Sdaejcif;udk w&m;rQwpGm
qufqHí vufwGJaexdkifvmcJhaom EdkifiHom;rsm;jzpfMuygonf/ vlrsKd;pHkbmompHk&Sdae
onfudkonf;rcHEdkifvQif EdkifiHwpfcktaejzifh wnfNrJonfr[kwfyg/ EdkifiHwpfckwGif EdkifiH
om;vlrsKd;onf rsKd;½dk;tm;jzifh tajrmuftrsm;&Sdaeaomfvnf; xdkvlrsKd;wdkYudk pkaygif;í
EdkifiHa&;t& tcsKyfjcmtmPmydkifEdkifiHwpfcktjzpfodkY zGJYpnf;xm;NyD;jzpfvQif xdkvlrsKd;rsm;ukd
wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf; EdkifiHa&;trnfwpfckjzifh ac:wGif&onf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif wdkif;&if;
om;vlrsKd; (135) rsKd;&SdaMumif; azmfjyaomfvnf; Edkii
f Ha&;trnfudk jrefrmvlrsKd;[kac:&
ygonf/

ucsifvlrsKd;udk EdkifiHa&;trnftm;jzifh jrefrmvlrsKd;[k ac:wGifygonf/ xdkYtwl csif;

vlrsKd;udkvnf; EdkifiHa&;tm;jzifh jrefrmvlrsKd;[kac:onf/ EdkifiHa&;trnfonf
rnfonfhEdkifiHom;jzpfaMumif; azmfjyonf/ xdkYaMumifh vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;pDwGif
rdrdrsKd;½dk;emrnftjyif Edkii
f Ha&;trnf wpfckpD&Sd&ygonf/

1785-ckESpf rwdkifrDu &cdi

k fjynf&SdcJhygonf/ &cdkifjynfrSm EdkifiHa&;trnfjzpfonf/
þtrnfjzifh &cdkifwdkYudkEdkifiHa&;t& tcsKyfjcm;vGwfvyfpGm pkpnf;xm;cJhygonf/ xdktcsdef
u&cdkifvlrsdK;? ½dk[if*smvlrsdK;? OufvlrsKd;? rm&rmBuD;vlrsKd;? uefvlrsKd;? 'dkif;eufvlrsKd;
(jyLvlrsdK;)? [dE´LvlrsKd;? urefvlrsKd;? csif;vlrsKd;ponfhjzifh vlrsKd;toD;oD;&SdcJhMu aomfvnf;
¤if;wdkYudk Edkii
f Ha&;trnftm;jzifh &cdi
k fvlrsKd;[k ac:cJhMuonf/ þtrnfrSm &cdkifvlrsKd;\
rsKd;½dk;Zmpfjrpf (Race) udkajymqdkjcif;r[kwfbJ EdkifiHa&;trnfjzifh azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/

ausmufawmfrdom;pk (rav;&Sm;) rSrl&if;twdkif; jyefvnf &dkufEdkyfxkwfa0onf// http://kyauktaw.ning.com

 b*Fvm;jynfwGif xdktcsdefu &cdkifvlrsKd;? [dEd´LvlrsKd;? rm&rmBuD;vlrsKd;? 'dkif;euf
vlrsKd;ESifhtajccHtm;jzifh (rGe*
f dkvdk-'gaA'D,mef) rsKd;½dk;wdkY&SdMuygonf/ xdktcsdefu tif'dktm
&D,efrsKd;½dk;ESifh tm&D,dkj'mAD'D,mefrsKd;½dk;wdkYu b*Fvm;udk pdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyfxm;cJhMuonf/ xdkvl
rsKd;tm;vHk;\ EdkifiHa&;trnfrSm b*FvD jzpfonf/

xdkYaMumifh b*Fvm;jynfwGif EdkifiHom;tjzpfaexdkifol Ak'¨bmom0if&cdkifwdkYudk EdkifiH

a&;trnftm;jzifh b*FvD[kac:&ygonf/ rsKd;EG,ftrnftm;jzifh ac:vdkrSom &cdkifrsKd;EG,f
[kac:&ygonf/

tu,fí b*Fvm;jynfom; Ak'¨bmom0if&cdkifrsKd;EG,fudk &cdkijf ynfom;[kEdkifiHa&;t

rnfjzifh ac:aeygu xdkolwdkYudkEdkifiHa&;tm;jzifh cdkifjynfu oufqdkifaMumif; t"dyÜm,f&yg
onf/ xdkdYaMumifhb*Fvm;ajray:wGif EdkifiHom;tjzpfaeolwdkYudk &cdkifjynfom;[kac:vdkufyg
ub*Fvm;wGif &cdkifwdkYaexdkifaoma'oonf &cdkifjynf\ tpdwftydkif;wpfckjzpfoGm;onf/
tusKd;quftm;jzifh b*Fvm;jynfwGifaexdkifol &cdkifwdkYonf EdkifiHaa&;t& &cdkifjynfudk
opömcH,l&efjzpfí &cdkifjynfuvnf; xdkolwdkYtay:EdkifiHa&;wm0efrsm;udk ,lxm;&aMumif;t
"dyÜm,fay:ayguf oGm;ygonf/

xdkYtwl&cdkifajray:wGif aexdkifvsuf&Sdol½dk[if*smvlrsKd;udk b*FvDrsm;[k EdkifiHa&;t

rnfjzifh ac:wGifygu xdkYolwdkYrSm &cdkifjynfom;rsm;r[kwfovdk t"dyÜm,foufa&mufoGm;
ygonf/ xdkolwdkYonf EdkifiHa&;t& b*Fvm;jynfudk opömcH,l&efjzpfí b*Fvm;jynfu
xdkolwdkYtay: EdkifiHa&;wm0efrsm;&Sdaeonf[k t"dyÜm,f&apygonf/ xdkolwdkYaexdkifaom
t&yfa'orSmvnf; b*Fvm;jynf\ tpdwftydkif;wpfck jzpfoGm;ap&ma&mufygonf/
xdkYaMumifh &cdkifajray:wGif Edkii
f Hom;tjzpf aexdkifol ½dk[if*smrsm;udk b*FvDrsm;[k
rac:oifhyg/

&cdkifjynfom;rsm;udk b*FvDrsm;[k Edi

k fiHa&;trnfjzifh ac:wGifjcif;onf &cdkifjynft
wGuftEÅ&m,fudk &cdkifjynfom;wdkY zdwfac:aejcif;om jzpfygonf/ ,ckacwfwGif
þyHkpHrsKd;udk qdkufy&wfEdkifiHwGif awGYcJh&ygonf/ qdkufy&wfwGif *&dwftEG,frsm;ESifh wl&
uDtEG,frsm;aexdkifMu&m EdkifiHa&;uGJNyJrIay:vmaomtcg wl&uDtpdk;&ppfwyfonf qdkufy
&wfodkY0ifvmí wl&uDtEG,frsm;udk umuG,fxm;cJhonf/

xdkYaMumifh &cdkifwGifaexdkifolrdrdwdkYEdkifiHom;rsm;udk b*FvD[kac:í wpfbufEdkifiHom;

tjzpfodkYwGefYydkYcJhygu xdkYolwdkYonf wpfbufEdkifiHodkY xGufoGm;rnfr[kwfbJ wpfbufEdkifiH
tpdk;&onf rdrdEdkifiHxJodkY0ifvm&ef EdkifiHa&;vrf;aMumif;BuD;udk zGifhay;xm;jcif;om jzpfae
ygrnf/

ausmufawmfrdom;pk (rav;&Sm;) rSrl&if;twdkif; jyefvnf &dkufEdkyfxkwfa0onf// http://kyauktaw.ning.com

 tcef; (2)

&cdki½
f dk[if*smwdYk rZöKd ra'orS qif;oufcJhyHk

&cdkifwdkYonf tajccHtm;jzifh rGef*dkvdGKuf (Mongoloid) aoG;ygNyD; ousouD0iftif

'dktm&D,efESifh aoG;a&mpyf&mrS ay:aygufvmaom rsKd;½dk;jzpfygonf/

vGefcJhaomESpfaygif; 2500 (odkYr[kwf) bDpD-600 rwdkifrDuyif jrefrm? &cdi

k f?
b*Fvm;ajrmufydkif;? tmoH? rPdyl&? eDygvf (Nepal) tdEd´,ajrmufydkif; e,fpyfa'otm;vHk;
Esifhb*Fvm; ajrmufbuf a'owdkYESifh tdE´K jrpfvufwufcGJrsm; aygif;qHk;&m a&S;tcgu
*E´[&-( )ac:NyD; ,ck*sr®LESifh uo®D;,m;a'otxd awmufavQmufa'orsm;wGif rGe*
f dk
vdGKuf (Mongoloid) tEG,frsm;udk awGY&ygonf/ tdEd´,\ajrmufydkif;ESifh awmifydkif;wdkY
onfyx0Dt& uGJjym;aeNyD; awmifESifhajrmufqufoG,f oGm;vm&ef a&S;tcgu tcuft
cJrsm;pGm&SdcJhygonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh tdE´d,ajrmufydkif;ESifh awmifydkif;wdkYonf yx0Dt&
oD;jcm;pD; jzpfaecJhygonf/ tmzuef (Afghan) rS ta&SYbufb*Fvm;txd ¤if;wkdYrS &cdkif
xdyx0Dtaetxm;t& tdEd́,ajrmufydkif;tm;vHk; oGm;vmqufoG,fa&;rSm jzL;ajzmif;ae
cJhonf/ tdEd́,ordkif;wGif þtydkif;onf ,Ofaus;rIa&;? EdkifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;?
vlrsKd;a&; ponfwdkYt& tkyfpkwpfck jzpfvmcJhygonf/

vGefcJhaomESpfaygif; (8000) rS (3500) twGif; tm&Swdkufukef;jyifjrifhrS tm&D,ef

wdkYonf tmzuefbufrS tdEd́,bufodkY vdIif;vHk;BuD;ozG,f wpfokwfNyD;wpfokwf0if
a&mufcJhMuonf[k ordkif;okawoDwdkYu azmfjyxm;ygonf/ tjcm;t,ltqwpfckrSm tm&D
,efwdkY\ rlvae&monf tdEd́,yifjzpfonf[k azmfjyMuygonf/

,if;odkYtm;jzifh xdktcsdefutif'dktm&DwdkYonf tdEd́,taemufajrmufbufvrf;

aMumif;rsm;twdkif; tdEd́ajrmufydkif;wpfckvHk;ESifh &cdkifESifhArmtxd ysHUESHYvmcJhygonf/

,if;odkYysHUESHYvmaom tif'dktm&D,efwdkYonf a'ocHvlrsKd;rsm;ESifh ESpfaygif;axmif

aygif;rsm;pGm a&maESmaexdkif&mrS EdkifiHa&;? ,Ofaus;rIa&;? bmoma&;? vlrsKd;a&;? pD;yGm;
a&;? pdwf"mwfa&;&m ponfwdkYtm;jzifh a'ocHwpfckvHk;udk vTrf;rdk;cJhygonf/ tm&D,efwdkY
onftdE´Kjrpf taemufbufjcrf;wGif tajccHvlrsKd;jzpfaom wl&uD-tD&ef (Turko) vlrsKd;rsm;
ESifhaoG;a&mpyfNyD; tif'dktm&D,ef jzpfvmonf/

ausmufawmfrdom;pk (rav;&Sm;) rSrl&if;twdkif; jyefvnf &dkufEdkyfxkwfa0onf// http://kyauktaw.ning.com

 *sr®L? uoD®;,? yef*syf? &m*spfoef a'orsm;wGif tif'dktm&D,ef vlrsKd;trnfESifh
t"duvlrsKd; jzpfvmcJhonf/

eDaygvfEdkifiH? Owå&y&'g&fS? bD[mpaom t&yfa'orsm;wGif tm&D,dk-j'mAD'D,efjzpf

vmcJhMuonf/

Mo&dóESifh b*Fvm;a'owdkYwGif tm&D,efwdkYonf tajccHvlrsdKrsm;jzpfaom rGef*dk

vdk-j'mAD'D,ef (Mongolo-Dravidian) vlrsdk;rsm;udk pdk;rdk;&mrS aoG;pyfoGm;cJhygonf/

tdEd́,awmifydkif;wGif j'mAD'D,efvlrsKd;rsm;ESifh qDodk-j'mAD'D,ef (Seytho-Dravidian)

vlrsdK;udk tm&D,efwdkYvTrf;rdk;í aoG;a&mpyfoGm;cJhMuonf/ bDpD-483 rSbDpD-250 twGif;ü
rZd®Ka'orS [dE´Lbmom0ifwdkYudk wdkufcdkufí xGufvm&aom ousomuD0if wdkYonf&cdkif
ESifhArmwGif rGef*dkvGdKuftEG,frsm;udk vTrf;rdk;í aoG;a&mpyf&mrS &cdkif-ArmwdkYjzpfvmMu
onf/ xdkYtwl at'D(13) at'D(17)twGif; Owå&y&m'g&SfESifh bD[m(rZdöKr)a'o wdkYrS
qif;oufvmaom tpövmrfbmom0if tif'dk'gwdkYonf (&cdkifwdkYuJhodkYyif) b*Fvm;rS
wqifh &cdkifjynfodkY a&mufvmcJhonf/

ausmufawmfrdom;pk (rav;&Sm;) rSrl&if;twdkif; jyefvnf &dkufEdkyfxkwfa0onf// http://kyauktaw.ning.com