Ramn Freire

Ramn Freire
Ramn Freire

3rd Supreme Director of Chile In office April 4, 1823 July 9, 1826 Preceded by Succeeded by Bernardo O'Higgins Manuel Blanco Encalada (1st President of the Republic) 2nd President of Chile In office January 25, 1827 May 8, 1827 Preceded by Succeeded by Agustn Eyzaguirre Francisco Antonio Pinto Personal details Born November 29, 1787 Santiago, Chile December 9, 1851 (aged64) Santiago, Chile

Died

Political party Liberal Spouse(s) Signature Manuela Caldera Mascayano

Ramn Freire Serrano (November 29, 1787 December 9, 1851) was a Chilean political figure. He was head of state on several occasions, and enjoyed a numerous following until the War of the Confederation. Ramn Freire was one of the principal leaders of the liberal Piopiolo movement and has been praised by historian Gabriel Salazar as the most democratic leader of the early republican period in Chile.

Ramn Freire

Early life
He was born in Santiago on November 29, 1787, the son of Francisco Antonio Freire y Paz and Gertrudis Serrano y Arrechea. An orphan from early age, he was raised in a hacienda by his maternal uncles near the town of Colina. He became an orphan again at age 16, and moved to the city of Concepcin where he worked as a clerk in a store, and later as an apprentice in a merchant ship.

War of Independence
At the beginning of the independence struggle in 1810, he became actively involved in the public meetings that accompanied the establishment of the first Junta. In 1811, he became a cadet of the Dragones de la Frontera, and participated in the battles of Huilquilemu, Talcahuano, El Roble and El Quilo during the Chilean War of Independence. By the time of the Rancagua disaster and the end of the Patria Vieja, he was already a captain. With many others he crossed the Andes and went into exile to Buenos Aires. In 1816 he joined the Army of the Andes, and returned to Chile as a battalion commander through the Planchn Pass (in southern Chile), occupying the city of Talca on February 11, 1817. He fought at the battle of Maip, was promoted to colonel for his services to the independence, and named Intendant of Concepcin under the O'Higgins administration. His friendship with O'Higgins started to crack by degrees, until in 1822 he resigned his position in disagreement. His name became a rallying point for the discontents with O'Higgins, but the two of them never came to an armed conflict.

As Supreme Director
After the resignation of O'Higgins, he became the new Supreme Director, position that he detented from April 4, 1823 (when he was named by the Junta de Representantes that replaced O'Higgins) until July 9, 1826. After a brief interlude, he re-assumed on January 25, 1827. His new resignation on February 5, 1827 was not accepted, and he was elected President on February 15 of the same year. He resigned again on the following May 5, 1827. During his administration he promoted some initiatives of enormous impact, such as the abolition of slavery, the reorganization of the defense system of the port of Valparaso and the opening of the Chilean markets to world commerce. He also highlighted the freedom of the press and ordered all convents and monasteries to open free schools. On December 29, 1823 he promulgated a new Constitution, based on the project presented by Juan Egaa. Considered a highly moralistic document, it reflected the idea that the very essence of the people can be changed by its laws. It tried to regulate both the public and private conducts of the citizens. Such approach very soon proved impracticable, and the Constitution was abandoned after only 6 months. Since the Chilean treasury was exhausted by the independence wars, and heavily mortgaged by the first foreign loan, contracted with British banks, Freire created a government monopoly (estanco) over tobacco, alcohols, cards and tax paper, same that was assigned to Portales, Cea and Co. and turned in a huge fiasco. This affair marked the first involvement in public government of the future universal minister, Diego Portales. He also completed the independence of the whole territory when he captured Chilo Island, that still was on Spanish hands. After a failed military campaigns in 1824 that ended in deafeat at Mocopulli, and the 1826 battles of Pudeto and Bellavista, he signed the treaty of Tantauco, in which Spain renounced definitively to that area.

Ramn Freire

Muzi mission
At about the same time, an apostolic mission, sent by the Pope, and headed by monsignor Juan Muzi arrived in Chile. The object of the mission was to fix the relations between Chile and the Holy See. A conflict soon developed because Chile felt it had inherited the rights of patronage held by the Spanish Kings, and the Holy See felt differently. In the interim, the government had adopted several measures asserting its control over the church, such as the reformation of the monastic orders, the seizure of church property, and the exile of one of the Bishops, who had actively opposed independence. Monsignor Muzi was adamant in its refusal, and asked for his passports, severing relations between the two states. In the domestic arena, conflicts, especially with the supporters of O'Higgins, worsened to such a point that Freire was dismissed during a campaign in 1825, being reinstated upon his return. Nonetheless, the multiple conflicts forced Freire to resign on July 9, 1826, handing over the power to admiral Manuel Blanco Encalada, who assumed with the new title of "President of the Republic".

As President
A new revolution brought him back to power on January 25, 1827 as Provisional Presidente. After order was restored, he resigned again on February 5, but his resignation was rejected by Congress, who proceeded to confirm him as President on February 15. He finally resigned on May 5, 1827. During his period there was the attempt, headed by Jos Miguel Infante, to establish a federal system of government. In fact, the Chilean Congress dictated a number of laws to that effect. The idea was to formulate a federative republic based on the example of the United States. Many conflicts erupted among the new States-Provinces that made the new system collapse very quickly.

Cabinet
The Freire Cabinet
Office President Name Ramn Freire Term 25 January 18275 May 1827 8 March 182713 December 1827

Minister of Government & Foreign Affairs Pbtro. Jos Miguel del Solar Minister of War & Navy Minister of Finance

General Jos Manuel Borgoo 8 March 182716 July 1829 Ventura Blanco Encalada 8 March 182723 July 1828

Ramn Freire

Later life
Originally he retired himself to the Cucha-cucha Hacienda, but shortly afterwards returned to the political fighting in the 1829 Civil War. His final defeat came on the battle of Lircay. He was the imprisoned and later sent into exile to Peru. In Peru, and with the help of Marshal Andrs de Santa Cruz, he fitted a small expedition and tried to capture the island of Chilo. After failing in his purpose, he was imprisoned in the port of Valparaso, court-martialled, and exiled first to the island of Juan Fernndez, and afterwards to Tahiti and in 1837 temporarily settled in Australia.[1] He was allowed to return to Chile in 1842, where he lived peacefully until his death on December 9, 1851.

References
Portrait of Freire [1] Origins: History of immigration from Chile - Immigration Museum, Melbourne Australia (http:/ / museumvictoria. com. au/ origins/ history. aspx?pid=8)

Political offices Precededby Supreme Director of Chile Bernardo O'Higgins 1823-1826 Precededby Agustn Eyzaguirre President of Chile 1827 Military offices Precededby Bernardo O'Higgins Army Commander-in-chief 1823-1830 Succeededby Jos Joaqun Prieto Succeededby Manuel Blanco Encalada (as President of the Republic) Succeededby Francisco Antonio Pinto

Article Sources and Contributors

Article Sources and Contributors

Ramn Freire Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=586227639 Contributors: Barryob, Cantus, CieloEstrellado, Cmdrjameson, Connormah, Conti, D6, Darwinek, Dentren, Diderot, Feuer2708, Frietjes, Good Olfactory, GringoInChile, Hajor, Howcheng, Ief, Jaba1977, Joao Xavier, Joseph Solis in Australia, Keysanger, KnightRider, Koavf, Kobac, Kall, LOL, Marmaduque, Melromero, Monegasque, Mu, Napolen333, OldakQuill, Pablo.cl, PhnomPencil, Psmith, Rcsprinter123, Rjwilmsi, Rorro, Ruodyssey, Selecciones de la Vida, Silverhelm, Skarebo, Tassedethe, Theserialcomma, Tobias Conradi, WOSlinker, Waacstats, Whouk, 9 anonymous edits

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File:Ramn Freire.jpeg Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ramn_Freire.jpeg License: Public Domain Contributors: FSII, Melromero, Rec79, Yakoo File:Firma Ramn Freire.svg Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Firma_Ramn_Freire.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Rec79 Image:RamonFreire.jpg Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:RamonFreire.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: ADGE, Darwinius, Ecummenic, FSII, Melromero

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